Articoli di riviste: "Hamster commun – Conservation"

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Banaszek, Agata, Joanna Ziomek e Katarzyna Jadwiszczak. "Morphometric Differences Between the Phylogeographic Lineages of the Common Hamster Cricetus Cricetus in Poland". Zoologica Poloniae 54-55, n. 1-4 (1 gennaio 2009): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10049-010-0002-2.

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Morphometric Differences Between the Phylogeographic Lineages of the Common Hamster Cricetus Cricetus in Poland As the common hamster is endangered in the European part of its range, it is necessary to define the conservation units for successful management of natural populations. Here we describe the case of clear morphometric differentiation between phylogeographic lineages of the common hamster. The standard external measurements were taken from 209 common hamsters collected during the period 2005-2007 from the present species range in Poland. The studied populations belong to different phylogeographic lineages P3 (Polish Pannonia) and E1, and the hamsters of P3 lineage are smaller with longer feet and tails than the hamsters of E1 lineage. The phylogeographic lineages of the common hamster can be defined as evolutionary significant units (ESU) due to the significant genetic differentiation and as management units (MU) with the evidence for ecological differentiation.

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Feoktistova, Natalia Yu, Alexey V. Surov, Nikolay N. Tovpinetz, M. V. Kropotkina, Pavel L. Bogomolov, Carina Siutz, Werner Haberl e Ilse E. Hoffmann. "The common hamster as a synurbist: a history of settlement in european cities". Zoologica Poloniae 58, n. 3-4 (1 dicembre 2013): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zoop-2013-0009.

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Abstract Following the expansion of agriculture in the Neolithic period, the common hamster has spread throughout Europe, and occurred abundantly until the recent past. However, in the last 45 years, populations declined markedly, partly attributable to urbanization and to major changes in agricultural practices. As a result, the species has been considered endangered at international levels as well as in most European countries. At the same time, the species has established populations in large Central and Eastern-European cities such as Vienna (Austria), Simferopol (Ukraine) and Nalchik (Russia), where it inhabits green spaces such as parks, gardens, embankments and buffer strips. In an attempt to reveal factors enabling hamsters to cope with urban environments, we reviewed historical data and habitat conditions of several urban hamster populations. We suggest that supplemental food resources and reduced predation pressure were the main factors promoting urban occurrence of common hamsters in the last 30 years. Its notable adaptability may be associated with higher stress resilience, ecological opportunism, polyphagy and higher fertility compared to species relying on non-urban habitats. The phenomenon of synurbization implies coexistence of wildlife and our urban civilization, but at the same time conflicting interests in conservation and urban development. Thus, the common hamster might serve as a model species for efficient mitigation and compensation concepts in urbanism and spatial planning.

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Tissier, Mathilde Louise, Florian Kletty, Jean-Patrice Robin e Caroline Habold. "Sustainable Agriculture: Nutritional Benefits of Wheat–Soybean and Maize–Sunflower Associations for Hibernation and Reproduction of Endangered Common Hamsters". Sustainability 13, n. 24 (7 dicembre 2021): 13521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413521.

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Farmland species face many threats, including habitat loss and malnutrition during key periods of their life cycle. This is aggravated in conventionally managed monocultures, leading to nutrient deficiencies that impair the survival and reproduction of farmland wildlife. For instance, protein deficiencies in wheat or vitamin B3 deficiency in maize reduce by up to 87% the reproductive success of the critically endangered common hamster (Cricetus cricetus), a flagship species of European farmlands. It is urgent to identify and implement agricultural practices that can overcome these deficiencies and help restoring hamsters’ reproductive success. As part of a conservation program to diversify farming habitats in collaboration with farmers, we tested whether associations between wheat or maize and three supplemental crops (soybean, sunflower and fodder radish) supported hamsters’ performance during hibernation and reproduction. We observed that maize–sunflower, maize–radish and wheat–soybean associations minimized hamsters’ body mass loss during hibernation. The wheat–soybean association led to the highest reproductive success (N = 2 litters of 4.5 ± 0.7 pups with a 100% survival rate to weaning), followed by maize–sunflower and maize–radish. These crop associations offer promising opportunities to overcome nutritional deficiencies caused by cereal monocultures. Their agronomic potential should promote their implementation on a large scale and benefit farmland biodiversity beyond the common hamster.

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Zaytseva, E. A., A. Yu Tsellarius, P. L. Bogomolov, A. V. Kuptsov e A. V. Surov. "Common hamster (Cricetus cricetus, Cricetidae, Rodentia) in the Simferopol city: Population dynamics and survival outlook". Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, n. 3 (8 ottobre 2024): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2024-3-364-371.

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In the Simferopol city, the numbers of Common hamsters began to grow since the early 1970s and reached a peak in the mid-1990s. The abundance was kept at a high level until 2014–2015 and then began to decline. In multi-storey residential development areas, steady settlements of hamsters have now virtually disappeared, and even in large green areas (the City Park and Botanical Garden), the numbers dropped almost tenfold. One of the possible causes for this decline was cutting down shrubs and hedges, which began since 2016–2017. However, the population has also severe declined in areas with no such activities. Thus, the fate of the Simferopol hamster population is worrisome. Obviously, we are dealing with a multi-factor process which requires special studying, without which no estimating of population viability or developing of conservation measures are possible.

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Purger, Jenő J., Kornélia Kurucz, Dávid Szép, Dragica Purger, Boris Kryštufek, Danijel Ivajnšič, Tina Klenovšek e Franc Janžekovič. "European Hamster at the edge: declining in nature and rare in owl pellets". Ornis Hungarica 28, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2020): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2020-0017.

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AbstractOver the last decades, the European Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) has been declining in many parts of its European range. Due to the lack of recent information on the occurrence and status of the European Hamster in the south-western Carpathian Basin west of the Danube, we used information gathered from prey remains in Common Barn-owl (Tyto alba) pellets. In spite of considerable sampling effort, we retrieved only few hamster remnants. Two skulls were found in Podolje (Croatia) in 2007 and 2016, respectively. Further five hamsters were retrieved from pellets collected in 2017, 11 km to the northwest in Udvar (Hungary). In Sátorhely, 5 km north from Udvar, one roadkill male was found on 27.07.2019. Testimonies from local inhabitants confirmed the current presence of the European Hamster in the area. Our results suggest the presence of a small isolated population in the border area of Croatia (UTM 10 km grid square CR27) and Hungary (CR18, CR19). This small isolated population is on the south-western limit of the range of the species. We presume that the population requires conservation attention because of its isolated position at the edge of the species’ range, its small size and low abundance. We call for a transboundary action by nature conservation authorities in Croatia and Hungary.

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McKune, K., e N. A. Woychik. "Functional substitution of an essential yeast RNA polymerase subunit by a highly conserved mammalian counterpart". Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, n. 6 (giugno 1994): 4155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.6.4155-4159.1994.

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We isolated the cDNA encoding the homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear RNA polymerase common subunit RPB6 from hamster CHO cells. Alignment of yeast RPB6 with its mammalian counterpart revealed that the subunits have nearly identical carboxy-terminal halves and a short acidic region at the amino terminus. Remarkably, the length and amino acid sequence of the hamster RPB6 are identical to those of the human RPB6 subunit. The conservation in sequence from lower to higher eukaryotes also reflects conservation of function in vivo, since hamster RPB6 supports normal wild-type yeast cell growth in the absence of the essential gene encoding RPB6.

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McKune, K., e N. A. Woychik. "Functional substitution of an essential yeast RNA polymerase subunit by a highly conserved mammalian counterpart." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, n. 6 (giugno 1994): 4155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.6.4155.

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We isolated the cDNA encoding the homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear RNA polymerase common subunit RPB6 from hamster CHO cells. Alignment of yeast RPB6 with its mammalian counterpart revealed that the subunits have nearly identical carboxy-terminal halves and a short acidic region at the amino terminus. Remarkably, the length and amino acid sequence of the hamster RPB6 are identical to those of the human RPB6 subunit. The conservation in sequence from lower to higher eukaryotes also reflects conservation of function in vivo, since hamster RPB6 supports normal wild-type yeast cell growth in the absence of the essential gene encoding RPB6.

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Siutz, Carina, Thomas Ruf, Stefanie Monecke e Eva Millesi. "Morphometric parameters predict body fat proportions in common hamsters". Journal of Mammalogy 103, n. 2 (25 novembre 2021): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab137.

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Abstract Common hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) are hibernators that rely both on body fat reserves and food stores for the winter period. They face an ongoing population decline in most parts of their distribution and recently were classified as critically endangered. Knowledge on individual body fat proportions in this species is of particular interest for conservation, because it could contribute to better understand the high plasticity in overwintering strategies, overwinter mortality rates, individual variations in reproductive output, and give information on the animals’ health state. To calculate body fat proportions, we validated a method that can be applied in the field without the use of anesthesia. To develop this method, we first analyzed the body fat in carcasses of common hamsters using Soxhlet extractions and measured four morphometric parameters (body mass, head length, tibia length, foot length). The morphometric measurements were then integrated in a linear regression model to predict body fat proportions based on the measured values. The morphometric variables yielded an explained variance (adjusted R2) of 96.42% and body fat proportions were predicted with a mean absolute error of 1.27 ± 0.11% from measured values. We applied the model to predict body fat for available field data, which consistently produced reliable values. By measuring the four morphometric parameters and following the provided instructions, body fat proportions can be reliably and noninvasively estimated in captive or free-ranging common hamsters. Furthermore, the method could be applicable to other rodents after species-specific validation.

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Ulbrich, Karin, e Anja Kayser. "A risk analysis for the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus)". Biological Conservation 117, n. 3 (maggio 2004): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.12.006.

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Conan, Antonin, Julie Fleitz, Lorène Garnier, Meven Le Brishoual, Yves Handrich e Jonathan Jumeau. "Effectiveness of wire netting fences to prevent animal access to road infrastructures: an experimental study on small mammals and amphibians". Nature Conservation 47 (25 marzo 2022): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.71472.

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Transport infrastructures, such as highways, disrupt animal migrations and cause roadkill. To mitigate the latter problem, fences have been built but their effectiveness has rarely been tested under controlled conditions. Here, we tested the effectiveness of the most commonly used fence in France and probably in Europe (wire netting fence) to block animals. We tested the wire netting fence, with and without a structural modification (i.e. an overhang), with three small mammalian species (the European hamster: Cricetus cricetus Linnaeus, 1758; the common vole: Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1778 & the wood mouse: Apodemus sylvaticus Linnaeus, 1758) and two amphibian species (the marsh frog: Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771 & the European green toad: Bufotes viridis Laurenti, 1768). During testing, all small vertebrate species tested were placed into an arena, from which they could only escape by crossing the wire netting fence. Without an overhang, almost all adult individuals of all tested species were able to climb over a 30 to 40 cm high wire netting fence. Furthermore, the addition of an 8 cm long overhang at the top of the fence stopped the amphibian species tested but not the most agile mammalian species, such as the hamster and the wood mouse. Based on these results, we do not support the construction of wire netting fences along roads as a measure to stop small animals from crossing. We recommend the use of more effective and durable fences, which, in addition, can be associated with wildlife passages to reconnect isolated populations.

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Timoshenkov, Volodymyr. "What is needed to preserve at least one animal species in a particular protected area?" Novitates Theriologicae, n. 12 (16 giugno 2021): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/nt1253.

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The article attempts to find out what role small reserves of protected steppe play in animal conservation. What can be preserved with the help of small reserves: species, population, or a group of individuals? What role do reserves play in each case? The work is based on the author's observations of animals in the territory of Striltsivsky Steppe (division of Luhansk Nature Reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), which at that time occupied an area of 522.7 hectares, as well as and in Khomutovsky Steppe (division of the Ukrainian Natural Steppe Reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) with an area of 1030.4 hectares in the period from 1985 to 2007. Materials of the Chronicles of Nature of these two reserves are also analysed. The problem of species protection is considered on the example of four species: common hamster (Cricetus cricetus), meadow hawk (Circus pygargus), pink starling (Sturnus roseus), and barn owl (Asio flammeus). It is investigated how the protection regime affects the conservation of these species. Reserves here act as territories, as state organizations, and as scientific institutions. It is shown how the use of different functions of reserves and their combinations in relation to a particular animal species can contribute to its conservation.

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Horváth, Márton, Béla Solti, Imre Fatér, Tibor Juhász, László Haraszthy, Tamás Szitta, Zsuzsanna Ballók e Szilvia Pásztory-Kovács. "Temporal changes in the diet composition of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in Hungary". Ornis Hungarica 26, n. 1 (1 giugno 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2018-0001.

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Abstract The diet composition of breeding Eastern Imperial Eagles (Aquila heliaca) was analysed in Hungary between 2005 and 2017, and compared with two previously published datasets from the periods of 1982–1991 and 1992–2004. Altogether the distribution of 8543 prey items of 126 different species and 29 other taxa were analysed within a 36-years period. We found that the previously abundant Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) became marginal (7.42%), while European Sousliks (Spermophilus citellus) practically disappeared (0.03%) from the diet of Imperial Eagles. Small game species, like the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and the Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) composed a remarkable part of the diet (11.22% and 28.11% respectively), which raised some conflicts with hunters regionally and probably also contributed to the high prevalence of persecution incidents against the eagles. In parallel with the loss of traditional prey species, corvids (13.10%), pigeons (8.90%), waterbirds (6.83%), other rodents (6.71%), Roe Deers (Capreolus capreolus) (5.59%), raptors and owls (4.88%) became regularly detected prey species. The temporal changes of the main prey categories were analysed between 1998 and 2017, when the ratio of Hamster and Pheasant showed significant decrease (-27.29% and -6.38%, respectively). The ratio of Brown Hare also showed slight decrease (-3.98%), but the change was not significant. On the other hand, the ratio of corvids, waterbirds and Roe Deers within the diet showed significant increase (+18.20%, +6.25% and +5.39%, respectively). The observed flexibility in the foraging behaviour of Imperial Eagles greatly facilitate conservation efforts, as they seems to be able to utilize the most abundant prey sources, i.e. they were not depending solely from the status of any single specific prey source. However, eagles could only shift and survive in those regions, where their traditional preys decreased, if alternative species were available for them.

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La Haye, M. J. J., K. R. R. Swinnen, A. T. Kuiters, H. Leirs e H. Siepel. "Modelling population dynamics of the Common hamster (Cricetus cricetus): Timing of harvest as a critical aspect in the conservation of a highly endangered rodent". Biological Conservation 180 (dicembre 2014): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.035.

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Ulbrandt, Nancy D., Hong Ji, Nita K. Patel, Jeffrey M. Riggs, Yambasu A. Brewah, Shannon Ready, Nanci E. Donacki et al. "Isolation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Which Neutralize Human Metapneumovirus In Vitro and In Vivo". Journal of Virology 80, n. 16 (15 agosto 2006): 7799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00318-06.

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ABSTRACT Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently described member of the Paramyxoviridae family/Pneumovirinae subfamily and shares many common features with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), another member of the same subfamily. hMPV causes respiratory tract illnesses that, similar to human RSV, occur predominantly during the winter months and have symptoms that range from mild to severe cough, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Like RSV, the hMPV virus can be subdivided into two genetic subgroups, A and B. With RSV, a single monoclonal antibody directed at the fusion (F) protein can prevent severe lower respiratory tract RSV infection. Because of the high level of sequence conservation of the F protein across all the hMPV subgroups, this protein is likely to be the preferred antigenic target for the generation of cross-subgroup neutralizing antibodies. Here we describe the generation of a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that bind to the hMPV F protein. A subset of these antibodies has the ability to neutralize prototypic strains of both the A and B hMPV subgroups in vitro. Two of these antibodies exhibited high-affinity binding to the F protein and were shown to protect hamsters against infection with hMPV. The data suggest that a monoclonal antibody could be used prophylactically to prevent lower respiratory tract disease caused by hMPV.

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Paschke, R., M. Parmentier e G. Vassart. "Importance of the extracellular domain of the human thyrotrophin receptor for activation of cyclic AMP production". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 13, n. 2 (ottobre 1994): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0130199.

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ABSTRACT The mechanism by which the TSH receptor is activated is unknown. Current knowledge leads us to consider that G protein-coupled receptors are activated by positioning of their ligand in the pocket formed by the hydrophobic transmembrane segments. Furthermore, activation of an N-terminally truncated LH receptor lacking most of the extracellular domain has been described, suggesting the existence of a mechanism involving a direct interaction between LH and the transmembrane segments. The high conservation of the transmembrane segments among G protein-coupled receptors is a strong indication for a common mechanism of receptor activation. To test this hypothesis for the TSH receptor we have constructed four N-terminally truncated TSH receptor mutants with 5 or 69 amino acids of the extracellular domain joined to signal peptide regions consisting of the first 23 or 33 amino acids. The four fragments were amplified by PCR and subcloned into pBSK+. Sequences were confirmed after subcloning in M13. After joining the four fragments in pBSK+, the four TSH receptor constructs were subcloned in pSVL and transiently or stably expressed in COS and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells respectively. In contrast to results obtained for the LH receptor, stimulation of the transfectants with 10 μm human chorionic gonadotrophin or 350 mU TSH/ml did not increase cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations in cultures of transiently transfected COS cells or stably transfected CHO cells. However, mRNA for the TSH receptor could be detected by RNase protection assay in all stable transfectants used for stimulation of cAMP. These results suggest that activation of the receptor does not implicate direct interaction of TSH with the transmembrane domains. However, our experiments could not investigate whether binding of TSH to the extracellular part of the TSH receptor can induce conformational changes of the transmembrane part, which might trigger activation of the receptor or any other role of the extracellular receptor domain as a cofactor for TSH receptor activation.

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Szapu, Julianna Szulamit, József Lanszki, Péter Pongrácz e Tamás Cserkész. "Friend or foe? Engaging public can save the critically endangered common hamster (Cricetus cricetus)". Conservation Science and Practice, 19 agosto 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13184.

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AbstractThe common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) occupies a controversial position among mammals inhabiting agricultural areas, as it is possibly the only critically endangered species that is legally targeted by lethal control methods, making it a conflict‐generating pest. We surveyed various stakeholders, agrarian consultants, wildlife rangers, and residents for the first time in Hungary, with two interrelated questionnaires to obtain accurate information about hamster populations, and to learn about the participants knowledge of, and attitude toward hamsters in order to provide fundamental information for planning and strengthening social embeddedness. Additionally, we prepared the current distribution map of the hamster. Based on the relatively wide distribution and locally high abundance of the species, Hungary has a key role in hamster conservation. We identified several factors, which can contribute to successful species protection. The results indicated that more than 60% of the respondent's liked hamsters. In contrast, only a few residents considered hamsters in their settlement to be beneficial. Our results suggest that the hamster's reputation is disproportionately negative due to vaguely known perceptions of harm as compared with actual reported damage. This imbalance could be rectified through enhanced communication efforts. Improving the species' reputation is integral to effective species conservation initiatives. Current pest control practices (poisons and snap traps) kill the hamsters, even though 82% of the residents would prefer to keep the hamsters alive, conforming to conservation efforts. The results also indicated that the hamster could be a flagship species in Hungary. Knowledge of the protected status of the hamster predicted a positive attitude toward the species and related to nature conservation consciousness. We conclude that requirements of residents should be included in the species action plan along with the experts' knowledge, as this could contribute to successful, long‐term conservation of the hamster.

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Hamster commun – Conservation"

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