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1
Cox, Cybele Frances. "Ornamental Hallucination." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20358.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ornamental Hallucination proposes to reconstruct a polyphony of ancient Pagan symbols as feminist archetypes to disrupt hegemonic narratives. With the potential to transform reality it pronounces the importance that art has to reinstate the values of creativity and the imagination, envisioning new ways of looking at ourselves in the world, and the possibility for change. It outlines the power obsessed play of mass culture’s construction of manufactured consent by the barrage of twenty-four hours per day of advertising, news media and entertainment. Asserting that the ideas on the psychedelic experience, which sprang from the counter-culture of ‘the 1960’s’ is one way to liberate the mind from the trappings of hegemonic thinking. It claims that as artists are on the periphery of society, it is unlike any other discipline and therefore able to take on absurd theories as a way of critiquing the machinations of established thought. Ornamental Hallucination examines the revival of the feminine principle through a psychedelic framework that links us to nature, or as McKenna says, to Gaian consciousness, via ancient shamanic practices and the invention and construction of positive and mythically empowered feminine role models as a guide for the soul, breaking down binary thinking and reconnecting psychically to our ancestry, to our bodies and lived and shared experience. Using examples of my work, I trace a lineage with other feminist artists, linking them to the theme of the archaic revival. Pagan feminine symbols are interpreted for a contemporary lexicon placing art in ritualistic context and appointing it the role of historical corrective to the ills of cultural engineering. Ornamental Hallucination in its physiological dimension will comprise of four large freestanding ceramic sculptures, one candelabra wall piece, a wall painting and a performance with a costume made from ceramic, found objects, textile and cow horn. All ceramics are fired and painted in oil.
2
Lehaire, Célia. "De l'hallucination à la perception : approche développementale et psychopathologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Notre thèse défend l’idée d’une primauté de l’hallucination sur la perception. En effet, nous verrons, chez Freud et chez Lacan, la structure d’illusion d’une réalité fondée sur un temps inaugural qui est celui de l’hallucination. Ceci nous permettra d’envisager les moments de « vacillements de la perception », autrement dit, l’hallucination en dehors du champ de la psychose. Dans un second temps, nous aborderons l’hallucination psychotique à partir des différentes conceptions psychiatriques, de l’apport de Merleau-Ponty, puis de Freud, avant de voir la critique radicale adressée par Lacan à partir du modèle de l’hallucination verbale. Dans un troisième temps, nous verrons l’intérêt d’une approche différentielle de l’hallucination psychotique – , hallucination visuelle, hallucination corporelle – qui permet de questionner l’hypothèse de l’hallucination verbale en tant que phénomène inaugural. A partir de la clinique de la schizophrénie, nous ferons l’hypothèse de la schize en tant que phénomène hallucinatoire premier, à partir duquel émergent les voix, comme tentative d’interprétation<br>Our thesis defends the idea of a primacy of hallucination on perception. Indeed we will study first, in Freud and Lacan, the hallucination structure of a reality based on an inaugural time which is the time of hallucination. This will allow us to view the « perception failings moments », that is to say, the hallucination out of psychosis field.Then, we will tackle psychotic hallucination of different psychiatric conceptions, from Merleau-Ponty to Freud. We will finish with the radical critic, expressed by Lacan, from the model of verbal hallucination. In a third time, we will see the interest of a differential approach of the psychotic hallucination : the verbal, visual and corporal ones. This differential approach allows us to question the verbal hallucination hypothesis as an inaugural phenomenon. From the schizophrenic clinic, we will make the hypothesis that the « schize » is an inaugural hallucinatory phenomenon from which emerge voices as a interpretation attempt
3
Géraud, Marc. "Histoire de la doctrine des hallucinations chez les psychiatres classiques français d'Esquirol à Ey." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23077.
Testo completo
4
Varese, Filippo. "Cognitive, metacognitive and dissociative factors underlying psychotic hallucinations and nonclinical hallucination-proneness." Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540423.
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5
HOLLEMAERT, CATHERINE. "Hallucination et hallucinoses tactiles d'origine parietale." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M257.
Testo completo
6
Locatelli, Roberta. "Relationalism in the face of hallucinations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H213/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le relationnalisme affirme que le caractère phénoménal de la perception est en partie constitué par les objets que l’on voit. Malgré son attrait intuitif, il est souvent rejeté en vertu de l'argument de l'hallucination. L'objectif de cette thèse est de défendre le relationnalisme. L'argument fait valoir que, puisque le relationnalisme ne peut être vrai pour les hallucinations, il doit forcément être faux pour les perceptions aussi. En cela, l'argument repose sur le principe de l’indiscernabilité (IND), affirmant que deux expériences qui sont introspectivement indiscernables les unes des autres ont le même caractère phénoménal. Je considère et rejette les autres versions de l'argument qui ne reposent pas sur l'IND. Bien que largement accepté, aucun support satisfaisant pour l'IND n'a encore été présenté. Dans cette thèse, je soutiens que la défense de l'IND requiert que l’on entende la notion d’indiscernabilité employée dans l'IND en un sens impersonnel. Ensuite, j’identifie ce qui motive l'IND : l'intuition que, en vertu de sa superficialité, la nature d'un caractère phénoménal doit être accessible par l'introspection, de concert avec l’idée qu’il est impossible de nier l'IND sans nier par là même la superficialité des caractères phénoménaux.Je soutiens que le relationnaliste peut nier l'IND tout en préservant la superficialité des caractères phénoménaux en adoptant une thèse négative de l'hallucination et en reconsidérant la nature de la relation entre le caractère phénoménal d’une expérience et l’accès introspectif qu'il peut y avoir<br>Relationalism claims that the phenomenal character of perception is constituted by the obtaining of a non-representational psychological relation to mind-independent objects. Although relationalism provides what seems to be the most straight forward and intuitive account of how experience strikes us introspectively, it is very often believed that the argument from hallucination shows that the view is untenable. The aim of this thesis is to defend relationalism against the argument from hallucination. The argument claims that the phenomenal character of hallucination and perception deserves the same account, and that relationalism cannot be true for hallucinations, therefore relationalism must be rejected. This argument relies on the Indistinguishability Principle (IND), the claim that two experiences that are introspectively indistinguishable from each other have the same phenomenal character. Before assessing the plausibility of this principle, I first consider and dismiss versions of the argument which wouldn’t depend on IND.Although widely accepted, no satisfactory support for IND has been presented yet. In this thesis I argue that defending IND requires that we understand the notion of ‘indiscriminability’ employed in IND in an impersonal sense. I then identify what underwrites IND: the intuition that, in virtue of its superficiality, the nature of a phenomenal character must be accessible through introspection, together with the claim that it is not possible to deny IND without denying the superficiality of phenomenal characters too.I argue that the relationalist can deny IND while preserving the superficiality of phenomenal characters. This can be done by adopting a negative view of hallucination and an account of introspection whereby the phenomenal character doesn’t exist independently of one’s introspective awareness of it and where having introspective access to our experience depends on our perceptual access to the world
7
Trimmer, Brian 1971. "An information theoretic approach to veridical hallucination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, February 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 44).<br>David Lewis, in "Veridical Hallucination and Prosthetic Vision", outlines his views on seeing. He discusses, by way of several examples, unusual visual conditions and gives explanations of why one does or does not see in those conditions. However, it is not always clear exactly how Lewis' views apply to unusual cases. He also admits that he has made mistakes in applying his criteria to examples, in the Postscript to the original article. However, I think Lewis' ideas are worthwhile and would like to expound upon them. In what follows, I hope to provide clearer criteria that are compatible with Lewis' views, and show how such criteria do or do not apply to unusual circumstances. The criteria I will use in place of Lewis derive from a branch of signal theory, called Information Theory. Information Theory is a formal calculus for quantifying and computing the information content of a source or a signal carrying information about a source. It is an attempt to formalize an intuitive notion of information that we all work with. The goal will be to look for discrepancies between the information theoretic criteria and Lewis' conclusions, so cases where there is substantial agreement between Lewis and the information theoretic criteria will be only briefly glossed. Clarification of both views can be obtained by seeing how and why they differ and which view is plausibly correct about the case.<br>by Brian Trimmer.<br>S.M.
8
Hashimoto, Tomoko. "Hallucination chez Flaubert : poétique de la perception." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082859.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Par quels procédés Flaubert fait-il surgir des mots le chiasme du visible et de l’invisible ? Cette problématique est, certes, bien commune parmi les réflexions sur le roman du XIXe siècle, largement motivé par le désir de représentation visuelle. Pourtant, chez Flaubert, la question comporte un aspect somatique. Non seulement l’étude des recherches physiologiques lui permet d’approfondir ses connaissances quant à la virtualité de l’image, mais encore et surtout ses singulières crises nerveuses lui donne accès à l’expérience de l’hallucination. Notre objectif premier, tout au long de cette étude, consiste à tenter de cerner la manière dont l’écriture peut passer outre le caractère rigide du langage scientifique et l’apparente indicibilité de la sensation. Loin d’être un artefact théorique, la notion même d’hallucination est comprise et incorporée dans le corpus flaubertien qui, in fine, proposera un rapport sensible au monde extérieur, ainsi qu’un mode tout nouveau de perception<br>How does Flaubert use words to express the unseizable border lines between the visible and the invisible ? This question is a common preoccupation in nineteenth-century novels, motivated as many of them were by a desire to represent the world visually. In Flaubert’s works, this concern is intimately related to representations of the body. While his readings about physiology enabled him to develop his rational understanding of the virtuality of the image, his own experience of nevrotic fits ensured that his knowledge of hallucination was not confined to the realm of the abstract. Our foremost objective in this thesis will be to examine how novelistic writing can circumvent the dryness and rigidity of scientific language, and overcome the apparent ineffability of somatic sensation. Far from being a mere theoretical concept, the notion of hallucination is analyzed in, and incorporated into, Flaubert’s works, which ultimately establish the possibility of a sensory relationship to the world, and inaugurate radically new modes of perception
9
Deschamps, Éric. "Hallucinations du sujet age : approche clinique et pathogenique." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN11183.
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Tearle, Oliver M. "Bewilderments of vision : hallucination and literature, 1880-1914." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8476.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hallucination was always the ghost story's elephant in the room. Even before the vogue for psychical research and spiritualism began to influence writers at the end of the nineteenth century, tales of horror and the supernatural, of ghosts and demons, had been haunted by the possibility of some grand deception by the senses. Edgar Allan Poe's stories were full of mad narrators, conscience-stricken criminals and sinners, and protagonists who doubted their very eyes and ears. Writers such as Dickens and Le Fanu continued this idea of the cheat of the senses. But what is certainly true is that, towards the end of the century, hallucination took on a new force and significance in ghostly and horror fiction. Now, its presence was not the dominion of a handful of experimental thinkers but the province of popular authors writing very different kinds of stories. The approaches had become many and diverse, from Arthur Machen's ambivalent interest in occultism to Vernon Lee's passion for art and antiquity. Henry James's The Turn of the Screw (1898) is the most famous text to pose a question that was, in fact, being asked by many writers of the time: reality or delusion? Other writers, too, were forcing their readers to assess whether the ghostly had its origins in some supernatural phenomenon from beyond the grave, or from some deception within our own minds. This thesis explores the many factors which contributed to this rise in the interest in hallucination and visionary experience, during the period 1880-1914. From the time when psychical research became hugely popular, up until the First World War often considered a watershed in the history of the ghost story and literature in general something happened to the ghost story and related fiction. Through a close analysis of stories and novels written by Robert Louis Stevenson, Vernon Lee, Henry James, Arthur Machen, and Oliver Onions, I attempt to find out what happened, and even more importantly why it happened at all.
11
Cadoret, Erwan. "Les Manifestations oniriques dans le cinéma de Terry Gilliam." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030148/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse se propose d’analyser les manifestations oniriques (rêve, hallucination, projection mentale) dans six films de Terry Gilliam réalisés entre 1985 et 2009 : Brazil, Fisher King, L’Armée des douze singes, Las Vegas parano, Tideland et L’Imaginarium du docteur Parnassus. Après avoir déterminé l’étendue et les limites de l’espace onirique, la première partie en décrit les principales caractéristiques sur le plan dramatique (organisation et place des manifestations dans les films) et sur le plan formel (effets oniriques). La deuxième partie s’intéresse plus particulièrement au corps du héros "gilliamien", qui sert d’interface entre le réel et l’onirisme, en insistant sur trois points : le mouvement du corps, l’importance accordée au regard et la capacité de dédoublement. Enfin, la troisième partie aborde les manifestations oniriques sous l’angle de la dimension critique à l’œuvre dans ces six films. À partir d’une vision pessimiste de l’existence tempérée par des notes d’espoir, Gilliam remet en cause les sociétés occidentales contemporaines, leur matérialisme et leur idéologie libérale<br>This Ph.D. attempts to analyse the numerous dreamlike scenes (dreams, hallucinations, mind projections) to be found in six films directed by Terry Gilliam from 1985 to 2009: Brazil, The Fisher King, Twelve Monkeys, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Tideland, and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. The first part delineates the range and limits of the dreamlike occurrences as well as their main characteristics, both on the dramatic side (the organisation and distribution of dreamlike scenes) and on the formal side (dreamlike effects). The second part deals with the main character’s body as an interface between the “real world” and the dream world depicted by the films, laying emphasis on three aspects: the body language, the all-important gaze and the hero’s ability to split himself in two. Finally, the third part studies how the dreamlike scenes contribute to build up Gilliam’s critical stance toward the modern world. Informed by a pessimistic view on human life barely alleviated by some glimpses of hope, Gilliam challenges the contemporary occidental societies, which he sees as suffused with materialism and a free-enterprise ideology
12
鄭泰然 and Tai-yin Cheng. "A phenomenological study of auditory verbal hallucination in psychosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Patients of schizophrenia experienced a cluster of symptoms known as psychosis, which were concurrent phenomena presented across multiple psychopathological dimensions, among which hallucination was one of the principal features. Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) was the most common among other modalities (i.e. visual, olfactory, gustatory and tactile) of hallucinations and was said to occur when audible voices were heard without presence of corresponding stimuli. There were two main neurocognitive hypotheses on the underlying mechanism of the occurrence of AVH, namely the inner speech hypothesis and the top down processing hypothesis. Existing descriptive psychopathology studies were not guided by any theoretical frameworks. This study was the groundwork to examine experiences of AVH as described by patients with psychosis and other psychiatric conditions based on these two major hypotheses.
Method: This study was a retrospective case series. Comprehensive searches of AVH cases were done on biomedicine and psychology databases, in which case reports, case studies and studies with detailed descriptions of phenomenology of AVH with various aetiologies, a total of twenty cases, were selected. Four in-depth qualitative interviews were also conducted with psychosis patients for in-depth understandings of their AVH phenomena experiences.
Result: Three specific features from the two neurocognitive hypotheses were identified. (1) Form of address, (2) linguistic complexity, and (3) command hallucinations were likely interpreted by inner speech hypothesis; whereas (1) single theme and repetitive contents, (2) relations with past experience/knowledge/perceptual expectations, and (3) congruent moods were likely interpreted by top down processing bias hypothesis.
Discussion: This study has categorized AVH phenomena from twenty literature cases and four in-depth qualitative interview cases by specific features of the two mainstream hypotheses; and commented on each of the specific features on their relevancies to the two mainstream hypotheses. Conceptualisation of underlying neurocognitive mechanisms could made taxonomy easier, and as a result benefit clinical staging, better prediction of prognosis and better communications with patients and their families.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Psychological Medicine<br>Master<br>Master of Psychological Medicine
13
Flury, Sarah. "Auditory hallucination in normal populations of adults and children." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395917.
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Zaman, C̦ağrı Hakan. "Hallucination machine : a body centric model of space perception." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91425.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.<br>Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2014."<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages [83]-86).<br>In this thesis I present a novel approach to space perception. I provide a body-centric computational model, The Hallucination Machine, that integrates bodily knowledge with senses in a common modality which I call "the sphere of embodiment". Understanding the human experience of space is an important inquiry not only in the context of design and architecture, but in a broad range of scholarly disciplines where humans are the subject of study, whether as biological, social, or cognitive entities. My vision is that in order to create a knowledge of space shared through different disciplines and to develop tools and methods of scientific inquiry into the "human space," we have to conceptualize a space perception model that connects sensory experience with the actions and bodily knowledge of the actor. Implications for such a model have been proposed by phenomenologists in the philosophical realm and carried into psychology through concepts of embodiment, situated cognition, and enaction. The Hallucination Machine illustrates the inner-spatial relations between different senses and movements, collected through sensory and inertial recording devices of the machine which experiences space situated by its human carrier. Through this inquiry, I argue that all senses, including proprioception and orientation, are collapsed in one medium, a sphere of embodiment, in which they form a multimodal spatial experience and communicate through it. I demonstrate the practical implications of this medium through a set of experiments.<br>by Cagri Hakan Zaman.<br>S.M.
15
Xu, Xiang. "Face hallucination with application in far distance face recognition." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1931.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, faces captured in far distances are investigated. Face enhancement algorithms are studied. Hallucinating faces in holistic model and patch-based model are analysed respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of both models are discussed. An innovative holistic model and patch-based model are proposed separately. More investigation in practical surveillance environments are carried. And a new far face recognition model is proposed. Experiments demonstrate the improvement of proposed approaches.
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Dhanjal, Rajinder. "A study investigating the relationship between early experiences, social development and voice content." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489090.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis comprises of three sections, a literature review, research report and a critical appraisal. Section 1: The review critically examined the existing literature surrounding integration and sealing-over recovery styles in psychosis. The main body of the literature review explored the development of two recovery styles, prognostic indicators, engagement with mental health services and psychological therapy. Implications for future research were discussed.
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Rancon, Emmanuel Philippe Dominique. "La question des obsédés et de leurs hallucinations dans la psychiatrie classique française : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25417.
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Flemal, Simon. "D’une étude métapsychologique de la fonction délirante dans les processus psychiques de la schizophrénie." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En nous étayant des théories issues de l’épistémologie psychanalytique, nous concevons la schizophrénie comme résultant d’une expérience traumatique primaire n’ayant pu être intégrée au sein de la subjectivité. Ce traumatisme, nous le rattachons moins à un évènement en tant que tel qu’à la position impensable qu’il désigne pour le sujet. Ainsi, en nous inspirant de la pensée de P. Aulagnier et de R. Roussillon, nous suggérons que le noyau traumatique conditionnant le développement d’une problématique schizophrénique se rapporte à la position d’objet pulsionnel, ou de non-désir, à laquelle se trouve identifié le sujet au sein des premiers échanges avec son environnement. Face à l’impensable de cette position identificatoire, le sujet se voit contraint de s’extraire de la scène relationnelle avec ses objets primaires, se clivant par la même opération du capital représentatif qui lui est associé. Dans ces conditions, nous pensons que le délire, moins d’apparaître comme une production pathologique dépourvue de sens, correspond à un mode de réponse face au retour hallucinatoire de l’impensé traumatique. Aussi, à partir d’une méthodologie qualitative basée sur l’analyse d’une douzaine de cas cliniques, nous mettons en évidence trois principales fonctions du délire dans la schizophrénie. La première, conceptualisée sous le terme de « fonction contenante », procède à la mise en forme et à la transformation signifiante de ce qui ne put être symbolisé de l’expérience traumatique. La seconde, nommée « fonction localisante », tente de situer en dehors du sujet le débordement pulsionnel inhérent au traumatisme primaire. La troisième, appelée « fonction identifiante », permet à la personne délirante de s’attribuer un énoncé identificatoire qui, de manière auto-créée, supplée à l’énigme de son histoire insensée.Enfin, l’analyse de nos données cliniques souligne que ces trois fonctions de l’activité délirante ne se réalisent pas de façon aléatoire mais qu’elles s’articulent selon une logique particulière. Ainsi, nous suggérons qu’à partir de sa triple opération le délire schizophrénique tend à se déployer en un « processus délirant », par lequel le sujet peut rendre pensable et supportable la position traumatique à laquelle il a été identifié au cours de son histoire<br>By following theories from the psychoanalytical epistemology, we consider schizophrenia as the result of a primary trauma that has not been assimilated within the subjectivity. We connect less this traumatism with an event than with the unthinkable position the subject is identified to. Therefore, being inspired by the thought of P. Aulagnier and R. Roussillon, we suggest that the traumatic nucleus which conditions the development of schizophrenia is related to the position of instinctual object, or of non-desire, to which the subject is identified within the first exchanges with his environment. In view of this unthinkable position, the subject is forced to remove himself from the relationship with his primary objects, splitting off from the representative capital that is associated with it. In these conditions, we think that the delusion appears less as a meaningless pathological production than as a way of answering to the hallucinatory return of the traumatic unthought. From a qualitative methodology based on the analysis of a dozen clinical cases, we highlight three main functions of the delusion in schizophrenia. The first, conceptualized under the term «containing function», carries out the shaping and the significant transformation of what could have not been symbolized of the traumatic experience. The second, called «localizing function», tries to locate outside of the subject the instinctual overflow inherent to the primary trauma. The third, named «identifying function», enables the delusional person to assume an identificatory principle which, in a self-created way, compensates for the enigma of his senseless history.Finally, the analysis of our clinical data underlines that these three functions of the delusional activity are not randomly accomplished but are organized according to a particular logic. Thus from its triple operation, we suggest that the schizophrenic delusion tends to develop into a «delusional process», by which the subject can make thinkable and bearable the traumatic position to which he was identified during his history
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McPherson, Dina. ""A journey is an hallucination|" Flann O'Brien's "The Third Policeman"." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10180879.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p> Flann O’Brien’s novel, <i>The Third Policeman </i>, consists of many seemingly unrealistic events, thus sharing similarities with the fantastic piece, <i>Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. </i> The events and characters within O’Brien’s storyline obtain no source of reason, leading to another wonderland. However, if particular components of the novel are studied further, and in relation to the aftereffects of trauma, O’Brien’s work is more realistic and logical than what is fantastically portrayed on the text’s surface.</p>
20
Glazer, D. A. "The relationship between contextual processing, intrusive imagery and hallucination proneness." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1332528/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aims: This study tested the hypothesis that hallucinations exist on a continuum with intrusive imagery and that contextual processing underlies this relationship. The study hypothesised that weak contextual (allocentric) processing would correlate with intrusive images that are vivid, sensory and possess a strong sense of nowness. Further, that hallucination-proneness would also be associated with a weaker contextual system either directly or indirectly via the presence of intrusive imagery. Method: A cross-sectional, correlation design was employed using a general population sample. 55 participants completed a virtual environment task that probed allocentric and egocentric processing and memory. An intrusive interview paradigm and measures assessing predisposition to psychotic experiences were also employed. Results: Weaker allocentric processing was associated with intrusive images with a greater sense of “nowness”. Both egocentric and allocentric systems were related to the sensory attributes of intrusive imagery. Predisposition to hallucinations was associated with greater “nowness” of intrusive imagery and post-hoc findings demonstrated a relationship between weaker allocentric processing and more extreme cases on the hallucination scale. Conclusion: The findings supported some of the hypotheses, which have clinical implications with regard to understanding psychotic features within traumatised individuals and the development of psychosis more widely. Limitations and further areas of research are discussed.
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Jarosinski, Judith M. "A Life Disrupted: Still Lived." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1724.
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Soteriou, Matthew John. "The particularity of visual perception : veridical hallucination and the concept of perception." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391804.
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Seurat, Alexandre. "Le roman du délire. Hallucinations et délires dans le roman européen [années 1920-1940]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030131.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail tente de dégager le rôle de la représentation du délire dans la transformation du genre romanesque en Europe entre les années 1920 et les années 1940. L’étude s’intéresse donc aux crises d’hallucination et de délire qui ponctuent la narration dans plusieurs grands romans de langues anglaise [le chapitre 15 d’Ulysse de James Joyce et Mrs Dalloway de Virginia Woolf], allemande [Die Blendung d’Elias Canetti, Berlin Alexanderplatz d’Alfred Döblin et Le Loup des steppes de Hermann Hesse] et française [Voyage au bout de la nuit, Mort à crédit, Guignol’s band de Louis-Ferdinand Céline et Moravagine de Blaise Cendrars]. Si le délire romanesque est un enjeu dans ces années, c’est que son identification pose problème : les limites entre le réel et le délire sont en effet souvent brouillées. Dans certains romans, la prolifération du délire est telle qu’elle peut faire vaciller l’ensemble de la narration, le récit pouvant être interprété dans sa globalité comme le fruit d’un délire. Cette transformation n’est pas sans lien avec la révolution du champ de la psychopathologie qui bouleverse l’époque : les romanciers connaissent souvent assez bien les modes d’observation psychiatrique et s’intéressent de près à la psychanalyse, déjà très reconnue. Reste que le délire romanesque se dérobe aux lectures médicales : composé d’éléments hétérogènes et parfois impossibles, obéissant à des changements imprévisibles et déroutants, il échappe à une logique strictement individuelle, et ouvre à une représentation des troubles de l’époque. Introduisant une brèche dans la frontière entre fiction et réalité, il devient un espace politique où le roman s’interroge sur ses propres pouvoirs<br>This study highlights the role of the representation of delirium in the transformation of the European novel between the 1920s and the 1940s. Of central importance are the hallucinatory and delirious episodes that punctuate the narration in several major novels in English [chapter 15 of Ulysses of James Joyce and Mrs Dalloway of Virginia Woolf], German [Die Blendung of Elias Canetti, Berlin Alexanderplatz of Alfred Döblin and Steppenwolf of Hermann Hesse] and French [Journey to the end of night, Death on the installment plan, Guignol’s band of Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Moravagine of Blaise Cendrars]. Delirium is an issue in these years because it can no longer be easily defined: the line between reality and delirium has become blurred. In some novels, the proliferation of delirium is so prevalent that it destabilizes the narration itself, inviting the reader to interpret the whole story as the result of delirium. This transformation is doubtless linked to the revolution of psychopathology that deeply affects the period: the novelists know, often well, the methods of psychiatric observation and follow closely psychoanalysis, which by this time was well established. But fictional delirium eludes purely medical readings: composed of heterogeneous and sometimes impossible elements, submitted to unpredictable and puzzling changes, it resists a singular explanation, and serves as a window into the troubles of the time. By breaching the boundary between fiction and reality, fictional delirium becomes a political space where the novel puts into question its own powers
24
Pappas, P. A. "The hallucination of the Malay archipelago : critical contexts for Joseph Conrad's Asian fiction." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363447.
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Siffermann, Luc. "Le syndrome de charles bonnet : a propos de deux observations." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M062.
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26
Garnier, Emeline. "Le crime pour survivre aux hallucinations sensorielles : déploiement de l'hallucinatoire dans un groupe à médiation "corps et peinture" en milieu carcéral." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20136.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse propose de discuter la conception du crime comme un acte de survie face à la résurgence d’hallucinations sensorielles. Les sujets criminels témoignent du sentiment d’être dépossédés de leur corps, de ne plus contrôler leurs actes, décrivent des vécus de pénétration, d’explosion, de mutilation, de démantèlement : une menace terrifiante s’incarne par la dégénérescence de la sensorialité. L’hallucination ne parvient pas ici à se formaliser et emprunte directement la voie du corps. Le sujet a alors recours à l’acte pour externaliser ces vécus sensoriels persécuteurs, enkystés dans un morceau de corps, et pour tenter de trouver une amorce de symbolisation primaire. Au cours de la prise en charge individuelle ou groupale de ces patients, il s’agit donc d’écouter les manifestations hallucinatoires qui tendent à se loger dans leurs corps, pour qu’adviennent leurs mises en sens, au sein des enjeux transféro-contre-transférentiels. La thèse analyse ainsi l’aménagement d’un dispositif thérapeutique, créé pour permettre une appropriation subjective des terreurs qui ont contraint ces sujets à se placer comme hors de la scène du crime. Dans le cadre d’une pratique thérapeutique en centre de détention, un groupe à médiation corporelle et picturale est proposé aux patients incarcérés, afin de privilégier l’expression du langage sensori-moteur. La médiation corporelle fonctionne comme un attracteur des vécus catastrophiques sous-jacents aux hallucinations sensorielles, et leur partage sensori-affectivo-moteur permet l’apparition d’une scène psychique groupale. Par la mise en mouvement du corps du sujet en groupe, la sensori-motricité se trouve réunifiée aux autres modalités sensorielles. La médiation picturale s’offre alors comme un écran du rêve sur lequel sont projetés, puis représentés, les éprouvés corporels du sujet en groupe, et potentialise ainsi le déploiement de l’hallucinatoire onirique<br>This thesis discusses the concept of crime as an act of survival in the face of a resurgence of sensory hallucinations. Criminal subjects describe a feeling of being dispossessed of their bodies, of no longer having any control over their actions, of experiencing penetration, explosion, mutilation and dismantling : a terrifying threat made real by the degeneration of the senses. In such cases, the hallucination fails to take form and uses the body directly. The subject then resorts to the act in order to externalise these tormenting sensory experiences, encysted in part of the body, and try to trigger primary symbolisation. In individual or group therapy sessions with these patients, the aim is therefore to listen to the hallucinatory manifestations embedded in the body, so that their meaning can emerge through transference and countertransference. Hence, we analyse a therapeutic solution created to enable the subjective appropriation of the terrors that led these subjects to situate themselves outside the crime scene. As part of therapeutic work in a detention centre, patients are invited to take part in a corporal and pictorial mediation group to encourage the expression of sensori-motor language. Corporal mediation acts as a magnet for catastrophic experiences underlying sensory hallucinations, and sharing them in a sensory-affective-motor manner enables the appearance of a group psychological scene. Through movement of the subject's body within the group, sensori-motricity is reunited with the other sensory forms. Pictorial mediation then acts as a dream screen onto which are projected, then represented, the subject's corporal experiences within the group, thereby rendering dreamlike hallucination possible
27
Luchoomun, Lawrence. "Mental images in cinema : flashback, imagined voices, fantasy, dream, hallucination and madness in film." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2012. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/mental-images-in-cinema(cb5f0b4d-dfff-4c02-af2d-973f0a5e51d3).html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis we consider cinema’s representations of mental images. Our central concerns are the formal aspects of the presentation of memory and imagination, and the various functions which the different types of mental images perform. While along the way we engage with a number of expedient theories, on the whole the argument is free of any over-arching theoretical approach, instead focusing largely on the evidence of the wide range of films — from different eras, genres and national cinemas — with which we engage. We begin with a consideration of filmic representations of memory, tackling such questions as: What exactly is a flashback? What different functions do flashbacks perform? What is the relationship between flashback and the mental images of memory? Identifying an inadequacy in current terminology, we here introduce the concept of ‘act of memory’ in order to distinguish between representations of the past which constitute an analogue of the mental images of memory and more properly subjective representations of mental images. In Part II we develop a taxonomy of the major forms of imagination. Here our discussion of imagination draws on cognitive and phenomenological theories of imagination, and the chapter on dreams draws substantially on Freud. In our consideration of the functions of the various sorts of mental images we establish a series of character types who are prone to experiencing mental images. Throughout Part II we argue that representations of mental images are often closely related to themes of madness — that many representations of mental images can be understood as traces of madness.
28
Pajani, Auréliane. "Influence of predictive context on visual processing." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
D’après les théories inférentielles de la perception, notre cerveau tire parti des régularités statistiques présentes dans l’environnement pour générer des prédictions qui façonnent nos contenus perceptifs. Le travail réalisé pendant cette thèse inclut 3 études principales, dans le but de caractériser les déterminants neuronaux des fausses perceptions et la nature des prédictions neuronales.Les erreurs perceptives pourraient résulter d’une tentative de notre système visuel d’expliquer des entrées sensorielles imprécises par une hypothèse erronée. Dans une 1ère étude en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf), nous montrons que les fausses détections sont associées à un état imprécis et biaisé des circuits sensoriels avant la perception.La répétition d’une image génère une activité neurale diminuée (‘Repetition Suppression’) et des temps de réponse plus courts (‘amorçage’). Ces phénomènes pourraient résulter de mécanismes prédictifs, sous une prédiction implicite de répétition. Dans une 2nde étude IRMf, nous montrons que cette prédiction ne peut pas être modulée par l’expérience, ce qui suggère une implémentation locale. Dans une série d’études comportementales, nous montrons que l’amorçage est modulé par les prédictions, suggérant un mécanisme prédictif. Notre 2nde étude IRMf montre aussi qu’une région de moyen niveau sensible aux visages code des prédictions liées à l’identité, ce qui nous informe sur la nature des prédictions visuelles.Nos résultats montrent que notre perception est façonnée par l’interaction de nos entrées sensorielles avec l’état des circuits neuronaux avant stimulation, qu’il s’agisse de l’activité spontanée ou des stimuli précédents<br>According to theoretical frameworks casting perception as inference, our brain can learn the statistical regularities present in the sensory world, and use this prior information to generate predictions, which in turn shape our perceptual contents. The work conducted in this PhD includes three main studies aimed at characterizing the neural determinants of misperceptions, as well as the nature of neural predictions. Perceptual errors may arise from an attempt of our visual system to 'explain' impreciseinputs with an erroneous hypothesis. In a first functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study, we show that during a detection task, hallucinations are associated with animprecise and biased state of sensory circuits preceding sensation. Stimulus repetition is associated with decreased neural responses, known as Repetition Suppression, and shorter response times, known as priming. These phenomena may reflectpredictive mechanisms under an implicit prior over repetition. In a second fMRI study, we show that this putative prior cannot be changed by experience, suggesting a local, possibly hard-wired neural implementation. In a series of behavioral experiments, we show thatpriming is modulated by predictions, supporting a predictive account of this phenomenon. Our second fMRI study also shows that a mid-level face-sensitive region codes for exemplarspecific predictions, which sheds light on the nature of the predictions encoded along thevisual hierarchy. Altogether, our results speak to the dependence of perception on prior brain states. Both spontaneous activity in sensory circuits and previous stimulation interact with sensory inputsto shape our perceptual contents
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Mousson, Jean-Marc. "La psychose hallucinatoire chronique : étude multiaxiale et statistique d'une entité hétérogène dans un but de synthèse clinique : à propos de 90 cas de PHc diagnostiqués aux Urgences." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23090.
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Dumas, Louise-Émilie. "Les cognitions sensorielle, émotionnelle et sociale dans les troubles de perception et le trouble de stress post traumatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction : Les cognitions sensorielle, émotionnelle et sociale représentent le traitement des informations nécessaires à l'adaptation du sujet dans son environnement. Un psycho traumatisme est un évènement menaçant l'intégrité physique et psychique d'un individu et agit comme une « effraction » soudaine et intense de son système cognitif exposé au danger. Cette « effraction » entraine des atteintes cognitives provoquées par des altérations du système de neuromodulation des structures cérébrales impactées. Ces séquelles cognitives provoquent les symptômes qui constituent le trouble de stress post traumatique (TSPT) dont des troubles de perception. Le TSPT est associé à d'autres troubles psychiatriques comorbides dont le trouble psychotique. Notre travail propose l'hypothèse d'une compréhension clinique en « cascade » du psycho traumatisme. Il soutient l'idée que les cognitions sensorielle, émotionnelle et sociale s'articulent entre elles et avec l'environnement et participent à l'évolution du continuum entre psycho traumatisme et trouble psychotique.Méthodes : Nos travaux étudient la place des cognitions sensorielles, émotionnelles et sociales dans les troubles de perception post traumatiques illustrée par deux études de recherche clinique prospectives et longitudinales sur 6 mois. PROJET 1 : Identification des marqueurs de cognitions émotionnelle et sociale associés aux hallucinations acoustico-verbales (HAV) en population pédiatrique générale et en population pédiatrique clinique avec TSPT. PROJET 2 : Impact des troubles olfactifs persistants post Covid-19 sur la qualité de vie, l'expérience hédonique et les dimensions anxieuse et dépressives en population adulte.Résultats : PROJET 1 : L'étude réalisée en population pédiatrique générale a inclus 40 patients d'âge moyen 12,8 ans. Les émotions négatives (tristesse, peur colère) étaient significativement retrouvées dans le groupe avec des HAV persistantes à 6 mois. Les HAV persistantes étaient significativement associées au diagnostic de TSPT (p=0,01). L'étude réalisée en population pédiatrique clinique avec TSPT a inclus 31 patients d'âge moyen 12,9 ans. Les émotions négatives (culpabilité et malveillance des HAV) étaient significativement associées et corrélées à la persistance des HAV. Les émotions négatives (dégout, peur et colère et les diagnostics de dépression et d'anxiété) étaient associées à la persistance du TSPT à 6 mois. La persistance des HAV était significativement associée à l'émergence du diagnostic de trouble psychotique à 6 mois (p=0,01). PROJET 2 : L'étude a inclus 56 patients d'âge moyen 39 ans. Les troubles olfactifs étaient significativement associées à des émotions négatives (qualité de vie, perte de plaisir). Les patients avec une distorsion sensorielle (parosmie, phantosmie) étaient significativement impactés sur le plan émotionnel comparé aux patients qui présentaient une perte sensorielle (anosmie). Bien qu'ils aient retrouvés l'odorat au test psychophysique, les patients qui percevaient d'un trouble olfactif persistant répondaient aux symptômes de TSPT et étaient émotionnellement impactés (qualité de vie, perte de plaisir, anxiété et dépression).Conclusion : Les cognitions sensorielles et émotionnelles, après un évènement traumatique, sont significativement liées entre elles. Leur articulation participent à l'installation et au maintien des troubles de perception. Elles interviennent dans l'évolution de la clinique post traumatique, du TSPT et des troubles psychiatriques associés dont le trouble psychotique. L'évolution des symptômes post traumatiques nécessite une lecture dimensionnelle pour une meilleure compréhension clinique, un suivi préventif des facteurs de risques de mauvaise évolution psychiatrique et une proposition thérapeutique ciblée sur les cognitions sensorielles et émotionnelles<br>Introduction: Sensory, emotional and social cognition represent the processing of internal and external information required by the subject to adapt to the environment. A psycho-trauma is defined as an event that threatens the physical and psychological integrity of an individual, and acts as a sudden and intense intrusion of the cognitive system exposed to danger. This psycho-traumatic intrusion leads to sensory, emotional and social cognitive damage, caused by alterations in the neuromodulation system of the brain structures affected. These cognitive sequelae give rise to the post-traumatic symptoms that constitute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including perceptual disorders. PTSD is also associated with other comorbid psychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders. Our work proposes the hypothesis of a "cascade" clinical understanding of psycho-trauma. It supports the idea that sensory, emotional and social cognition articulate with each other and with the environment, and participate in the evolution of the continuum between psycho-trauma and psychotic disorder.Methods: The aim of our research is to study the role of sensory, emotional and social cognition in post-traumatic perceptual disorders. This work is illustrated by two prospective, longitudinal 6-month clinical research studies. PROJECT 1: Identification of markers of emotional and social cognition associated with acoustic-verbal hallucinations (AVH) in the general pediatric population, then in the clinical pediatric population with PTSD. PROJECT 2: Impact of persistent post-Covid-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experience and anxiety and depression dimensions in an adult population.Results: PROJECT 1: The study, carried out in a general pediatric population, included 40 patients (30 girls, 10 boys) with a mean age of 12.8 years. Negative emotions (sadness, fear, anger) were significantly found in the group with persistent AVH at 6 months. Persistent AVH were significantly associated with the diagnosis of PTSD (p=0.01). The study conducted in a clinical pediatric population with PTSD included 31 patients (25 girls, 6 boys) with a mean age of 12.9 years. Negative emotions (patient guilt and maliciousness of HAV) were significantly associated and correlated with persistence of HAV. Negative emotions (disgust, fear and anger, and diagnoses of depression and anxiety) were also associated with PTSD persistence at 6 months. The persistence of HAV was significantly associated with the emergence of a diagnosis of psychotic disorder at 6 months (p=0.01). PROJECT 2: The study included 56 patients with a mean age of 39 (33 women, 23 men). Olfactory disorders were significantly associated and correlated with negative emotions (quality of life, loss of pleasure). Patients with sensory distortion (parosmia, phantosmia) were more significantly impacted emotionally than patients with no sensory perception (anosmia). Although they "objectively" recovered their sense of smell on the psychophysical test, patients who "subjectively" perceived the persistence of an olfactory disorder responded to PTSD symptoms and were more emotionally impacted (quality of life, loss of pleasure, anxiety and depression).Conclusion: Sensory and emotional cognitions are significantly linked after a traumatic event. Their articulation contributes to the onset and maintenance of perceptual disorders. They are also involved in the development of post-traumatic clinical symptoms, PTSD and other associated psychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders. The evolution of post-traumatic symptoms requires a dimensional reading for a better clinical understanding, preventive monitoring of risk factors for poor psychiatric evolution, and a therapeutic proposal targeting sensory and emotional cognition
31
Mas, Marie-Hélène. "A propos des hallucinations auditives : à partir de quatre cas cliniques." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25158.
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32
Kirkland, Joanne. "Dementia with lewy bodies : a descriptive functional analysis of hallucination, challenging behaviour and emotional lability." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397204.
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Gray, Gemma Ruth. "The interaction between auditory imagery vividness and auditory perception, and its application to hallucination proneness." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1158/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Auditory imagery is commonly used in everyday life, yet the majority of imagery research has focused on the visual domain. This thesis determined some of the mediators of auditory imagery vividness and investigated how vividness affects the interaction between imagery and perception (Chapter 2). In addition, an fMRI study investigated the neural correlates of auditory imagery and perception (Chapter 3). The final empirical chapters assessed the interaction between auditory imagery vividness and hallucination proneness, and the influence of hallucination proneness on the interaction between imagery and perception (Chapters 4, 5 and 6). Imagery vividness differs according to sound category and familiarity and is affected by cues to imagine sounds. Imagery and perception can also interact to influence the detection of sounds in noise, and are processed by partially overlapping regions of the auditory cortex. Studies into hallucination proneness revealed little differences between high and low hallucination proneness participants when detecting sounds in noise. When stimuli had an emotional connotation (i.e. auditorily presented emotional words) high and low hallucination prone participants differed only in their memory recall rate, but not in their vividness ratings, or in their sound detection performance for such words. Taken together, this thesis demonstrates that auditory imagery vividness is a robust measure that is affected by a range of cognitive factors. Vividness can influence detection of sounds in noise and has measurable affects on neural activation. These studies provide evidence for the theory that imagery and perception rely on overlapping areas of processing. The thesis also finds little association between hallucination proneness and auditory imagery vividness or sound detection performance. This suggests that factors other than auditory imagery are associated with proneness to hallucination-like experiences.
34
Pattni, Jatin. "A comparison of metacognitive belief, thought strategies and hallucination in a spiritual and non-spiritual population." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31195.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study tested hypotheses about the role of spiritual beliefs in Morrison's (2001) model of hallucination using non-clinical spiritual (church attendees and mediums) and non-spiritual (control) groups. The hypotheses were that metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollability and self-consciousness would be positively correlated with predisposition to hallucination for all groups. However, the spiritual group was expected to report more of these beliefs corresponding to a greater predisposition to hallucination. In addition only the control group was expected to show significant positive correlations between punishment, worry and reappraisal thought control strategies and hallucination. No differences were anticipated across the groups on the overall scores on these strategies. A within and between design was used to test hypotheses, using a non-random volunteer sample, recruited from spiritual churches, medium and adult education colleges. A total of 78 questionnaires were returned from the 150 distributed. Questionnaires measures predisposition to hallucination, though control strategies, metacognitive beliefs, anxiety and autobiographical information including spiritual beliefs. There was mixed support for the hypotheses, as the groups differed significantly on associations between uncontrollability and predisposition to hallucination. However, the medium and control group showed similar associations on the self-consciousness. In addition both spiritual groups reported stronger beliefs about self-consciousness corresponding to greater predisposition to hallucination. Consistent with the secondary hypotheses only the control group showed the predicted associations between the thought control strategies and hallucination. However, the medium group reported greater use of reappraisal and distraction strategies. Post-hoc analyses revealed differences between groups on rating for specific items comprising these strategies. Spiritual beliefs were implicated in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, thought control strategies and predisposition to hallucination. The theoretical and clinical implication of these findings were discussed with the strengths and weaknesses of the study and recommendations made for future studies.
35
Flemal, Simon. "D'une étude métapsychologique de la fonction délirante dans les processus psychiques de la schizophrénie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209824.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En nous référant aux théorisations de l’épistémologie psychanalytique, nous concevons la schizophrénie comme résultant d’une expérience traumatique primaire n’ayant pu être intégrée au sein de la subjectivité. Ce traumatisme, nous le rattachons moins à un évènement en tant que tel qu’à la position impensable qu’il désigne pour le sujet. Ainsi, en nous inspirant de la pensée de P. Aulagnier et de R. Roussillon, nous suggérons que le noyau traumatique conditionnant le développement d’une problématique schizophrénique se rapporte à la position d’objet pulsionnel, ou de non-désir, à laquelle se trouve identifié le sujet au sein des premiers échanges avec son environnement. <p><p>Face à l’impensable de cette position identificatoire, le sujet se voit contraint de s’extraire de la scène relationnelle avec ses objets primaires, se clivant par la même opération du capital représentatif qui lui est associé. Dans ces conditions, nous pensons que le délire, moins d’apparaître comme une production pathologique dépourvue de sens, correspond à un mode de réponse face au retour hallucinatoire de l’impensé traumatique. Aussi, à partir d’une méthodologie qualitative basée sur l’analyse d’une douzaine de cas cliniques, nous mettons en évidence trois principales fonctions du délire dans la schizophrénie. La première, conceptualisée sous le terme de « fonction contenante », procède à la mise en forme et à la transformation signifiante de ce qui ne put être symbolisé de l’expérience traumatique. La seconde, nommée « fonction localisante », tente de situer en dehors du sujet le débordement pulsionnel inhérent au traumatisme primaire. La troisième, appelée « fonction identifiante », permet à la personne délirante de s’attribuer un énoncé identificatoire qui, de manière auto-créée, supplée à l’énigme de son histoire insensée.<p><p>Enfin, l’analyse de nos données cliniques souligne que ces trois fonctions de l’activité délirante ne se réalisent pas de façon aléatoire mais qu’elles s’articulent selon une logique particulière. Ainsi, nous suggérons qu’à partir de sa triple opération le délire schizophrénique tend à se déployer en un « processus délirant », par lequel le sujet peut rendre pensable et supportable la position traumatique à laquelle il a été identifié au cours de son histoire.<p><p><p>By following theories from the psychoanalytical epistemology, we consider schizophrenia as the result of a primary trauma that has not been assimilated within the subjectivity. We connect less this traumatism with an event than with the unthinkable position the subject is identified to. Therefore, being inspired by the thought of P. Aulagnier and R. Roussillon, we suggest that the traumatic nucleus which conditions the development of schizophrenia is related to the position of instinctual object, or of non-desire, to which the subject is identified within the first exchanges with his environment. <p><p>In view of this unthinkable position, the subject is forced to remove himself from the relationship with his primary objects, splitting off from the representative capital that is associated with it. In these conditions, we think that the delusion appears less as a meaningless pathological production than as a way of answering to the hallucinatory return of the traumatic unthought. From a qualitative methodology based on the analysis of a dozen clinical cases, we highlight three main functions of the delusion in schizophrenia. The first, conceptualized under the term «containing function», carries out the shaping and the significant transformation of what could have not been symbolized of the traumatic experience. The second, called «localizing function», tries to locate outside of the subject the instinctual overflow inherent to the primary trauma. The third, named «identifying function», enables the delusional person to assume an identificatory principle which, in a self-created way, compensates for the enigma of his senseless history.<p><p>Finally, the analysis of our clinical data underlines that these three functions of the delusional activity are not randomly accomplished but are organized according to a particular logic. Thus from its triple operation, we suggest that the schizophrenic delusion tends to develop into a «delusional process», by which the subject can make thinkable and bearable the traumatic position to which he was identified during his history.<p><br>Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
36
O'Neill, Elena. "Fotografia Performática." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1167.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este trabalho se propõe pensar a fotografia performática. Embora esta noção não tenha sido ainda definida, é possível identificar em algumas obras de Eugène Atget, László Moholy-Nagy, Marcel Duchamp e Gordon Matta-Clark particularidades que me levaram a nomeá-las dessa forma. A tentativa de definir o conceito de fotografia performática assim como algumas reflexões sobre esses trabalhos a partir dessa definição, me permitiram abordar questões tais como o confronto da continuidade da percepção com a multiplicidade de uma visão não sintética, a impossibilidade da memória de completar mentalmente aquilo que não se apresenta como visível recorrendo a objetos semelhantes, o desconforto frente a situações que não conhecemos e a insatisfação de nossos hábitos visuais. Considerar a fotografia como ato, como atividade concreta, implica um posicionamento e uma intervenção no real, plausível de afetar diversos níveis da experiência humana. Uma ação impulsionada pela obra e intrínseca à formação de uma realidade estética, que questiona convicções, desmaterializa pontos de vista fixos, dissolve os a priori e aprofunda níveis de percepção. Mas ainda que nos coloque frente a alguns desafios, também nos permite, entre outras coisas, dotar as imagens fotográficas de plasticidade e assim tirar o aspecto fixo delas<br>This thesis is an approach towards thinking photography as performative. Although this concept not been defined yet, it is possible to identify certain aspects in some of the works of Eugène Atget, László Moholy-Nagy, Marcel Duchamp and Gordon Matta-Clark that lead to name it that way. Trying to outline the notion of performative photography as well as some considerations on the works of those artists based on that concept, allowed inquiring issues such as the confront between the continuity of perception and the multiplicity of a non-synthetic vision, the impossibility of memory to complete mentally that which does not present itself as visible unless having recurring to similar objects, the inadequacy we feel facing unknown situations and the non-satisfaction of our visual habits. Photography as an act, as a concrete activity, involves taking a position and interfering in reality, affecting several levels of human experience. An action driven by the work itself and intrinsic to an esthetic reality, that questions convictions, dissolves previous ideas and demands deeper levels of perception. Although it forces us to face some challenges, it also enables us to bestow plasticity to photographic images, thus removing their fixed condition
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Chétrit, Magali. "Activité mentale au cours du sommeil et à l'endormissement dans la narcolepsie-cataplexie." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T008.
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Bandeira, Marcio Leitão. "Percepção e fantasia: delineamentos a partir da metapsicologia freudiana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-17022017-160647/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O estudo da percepção em psicanálise, visando à exploração de sua dimensão psíquica a partir do delineamento de relações com o conceito de fantasia, foi o objetivo principal desta tese. A percepção tem a sua importância quando é entendida como mediadora da relação entre o Eu e a realidade externa, mas ganha mais relevância quando se leva em consideração o seu papel mediador entre o Eu e a realidade interna ou psíquica. O conceito de fantasia, ancorado na metapsicologia freudiana, enriqueceu a nossa investigação da percepção em suas modalidades psíquicas, elencadas nas seguintes noções: percepção consciente, percepção interna, percepção endopsíquica e percepção inconsciente. O modo como decidimos levar a cabo tal empreitada iniciou-se com as circunscrições da noção de percepção e do conceito de fantasia, cujo trabalho com cada um deles desdobrou-se através de trilhas temáticas que os ligaram a outros conceitos, tais como inconsciente, desejo, representação, sintoma e aparelho psíquico. Essa primeira parte está presente nos Capítulos 1 e 2, correspondendo à nossa rede de associações, sendo que foi a partir dela que produzimos dois estudos aprofundados das relações entre percepção e fantasia, dessa vez tomando os fenômenos dos sonhos e das alucinações como objetos de estudo. Essas articulações teóricas estão presentes nos Capítulos 3 e 4, respectivamente. Por fim, como resultados desta tese, podemos apontar: (i) mapeamento de um campo conceitual para a elaboração de uma metapsicologia da percepção inconsciente; (ii) novos passos na circunscrição das modalidades da percepção, em especial, o desenvolvimento em torno da noção de percepção endopsíquica; (iii) um aprofundamento teórico das modalidades da alucinação, nas suas formas positiva e negativa; (iv) o reconhecimento de quatro tipos de relações entre a percepção e a fantasia, denominadas assim: relação de tipo genética, relação de tipo configuracional, relação de tipo de interferência e relação de tipo defensiva. Adicionalmente, nas Considerações Finais tivemos a oportunidade de indicar alguns temas relacionados à nossa pesquisa, mas que não pudemos aprofundar ao longo dela<br>This thesis main objective is the study of perception in Psychoanalysis aiming to explore its psychic dimension from outlining its relations with the concept of phantasy. Perception has its importance when understood as mediator of the relation between the Ego and the external reality, but becomes more relevant when its role as mediator between the Ego and the internal or psychic reality is taken into account. The concept of phantasy (grounded on Freudian metapsychology) enriched our research on perception in its psychic modalities, which are: conscious perception, internal perception, endopsychic perception and unconscious perception. We decided to begin such endeavor circumscribing the notion of perception and the concept of phantasy. The work with each one of them unfolded through thematic trails that connected them to other concepts, such as unconscious, desire, representation, symptom and psychic apparatus. This first part is found on Chapters 1 and 2 and matches our network of associations, based on which we produced two in-depth studies about the relations between perception and phantasy, this time taking as object of study the phenomena of dreams and hallucinations. These theoretical articulations are present respectively in Chapters 3 and 4. At last we present as results of this Thesis: (i) the mapping of a conceptual field to the elaboration of unconscious perceptions metapsychology; (ii) new steps into the circumscribing of modalities of perception, specially the development around the notion of endopsychic perception; (iii) a theoretical deepening of hallucinations modalities, in both its positive and negative forms; (iv) the acknowledgement of four types of relations between perception and phantasy, denominated as: genetic, configurational, interference and defensive. Additionally, in our Final Considerations we point out some subjects related to our research but during which we had no time to deepen
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FALCOU, ANNE. "Manifestations neuro-psychiatriques lors d'ischemies hemispheriques droites." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M254.
Testo completo
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Canna, Maddalena. ""Dis-lui qu'il n'existe pas". La propagation de la transe grisi siknis chez les Miskitos du Nicaragua." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0099/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Grisi Siknis est le calque miskito de l’anglais "crazy sickness". Au-dessous de cette étiquette opaque se cachent une série de crises de transe de masse se reproduisant depuis plus de cinquante ans dans la région de la Moskitia, entre le Nicaragua et le Honduras orientaux. La grisi siknis est un raptus de transe involontaire qui atteint de préférence les jeunes femmes miskitos, une ethnie afro-indigène de langue Misumalpa. Au cours de la transe, les attaqués de grisi siknis (lasa praprukra) tombent en proie à un comportement agressif et/ou auto-agressif associé à des hallucinations récurrentes, ce qui est généralement interprété comme l'attaque d'un esprit maléfique. La diffusion de la maladie est perçue par les affectés comme une épidémie contagieuse redoutable aux thérapies controversées. Néanmoins, le comportement des lasa praprukra présente un certain degré de ritualisation. L’objectif primaire de cette étude, qui s'est appuyée sur une année de recherches ethnographiques au Nicaragua, est de décrire la force de propagation de la grisi siknis, en analysant sa dynamique interactionnelle et la constitution de l'imaginaire qui l'impulse. L’imaginaire iconique lié aux hallucinations de la grisi siknis a été étudié en proposant aux attaqués de dessiner leurs contenus hallucinatoires. Cette pratique, en analogie avec certains traitement chamaniques locaux, a été appréhendée comme une forme de thérapie. Le corpus iconographique produit est analysé dans son double statut de représentation et d’imaginaire incarné doté d’agentivité. En deuxième lieu, la thèse décrit les soubassements neurocognitifs de la crise de transe en esquissant un modèle bayésien de l'induction d'hallucinations sans prise de psychotropes dans des sujets sains. Enfin, le statut social des attaqués de grisi siknis est comparé à ceux de spécialistes rituels tels que les chamanes et des guérisseurs. Une place importante est accordée à la nature ontologiquement instable des esprits impliqués et au rôle de la métacognition dans les modifications psycho-physiologiques qui en favorisent l’expérience et la croyance<br>Grisi siknis is a Miskito calque of the English expression « crazy sickness ». Behind this secretive label lies a series of mass trance seizures that have been happening for more than fifty years in the Moskitia region, between Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras. Grisi siknis is an involuntary trance attack, mainly affecting young Miskito women, an afro-indigenous population whose language belongs to the Misumalpa family. During the trance, those attacked by grisi siknis (lasa praprukra) show an aggressive/auto-aggressive behaviour associated with repeated hallucinations, which is generally interpreted as the attack of an evil spirit. The spread of the disease is seen by those affected as a dangerous epidemic which therapies are still controversial. Nevertheless, the lasa praprukra behaviour presents a certain degree of ritualization. The main goal of this study, which relies on one year of ethnographic research in Nicaragua, is to describe grisi siknis propagation by analysing its interactional dynamics and the constitution of the imagery impulsing its spread. The iconic imagery of grisi siknis has been studied by proposing to patients to draw their hallucinatory contents. As it shares some analogies with local shamanic treatment, this practice has been apprehended as a form of therapy. The iconographic corpus of grisi siknis drawings is analysed both in representation and in agentive embodied imagery terms. Secondly, this thesis describes the neurocognitive processes behind the seizure by sketching a Bayesian model of the induction of hallucinations in healthy subjects without psychotropic intake.Finally, the social status of lasa praprukra is compared to those of some local ritual specialists as shamans and healers. An important place is accorded to the fluctuating ontology of the spirits mobilized during the trance, as well as to the role held by metacognition in the psycho-physiological modifications encouraging spirits experience and belief
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Mallard, David Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Resolving conflict in hypnosis." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis investigated the management of conflict between reality and suggestion during hypnosis. The eight experiments conducted for this thesis investigated the social, motivational, and cognitive factors that mediate participants? response to conflict during a negative visual hallucination. Chapter 1 reviews the relevant literature and presents the rationale for the program of research. Chapter 2 presents Experiments 1 and 2, which explored hypnotic participants? capacity to manage conflict under different conditions. The findings indicated that cognitive and behavioural strategies that allow participants to avoid conflict are useful, but not essential, in managing hypnotic conflict. Chapter 3 presents Experiment 3, which developed a paradigm that allowed conflict to be manipulated in a way that minimised response cues. The findings indicated that gradually and unobtrusively modifying a stimulus influenced participants? responses even though participants did not indicate any knowledge that the stimulus was manipulated. Chapter 4 presents Experiment 4, which investigated the relevance of hypnotisability and hypnosis to conflict management. The findings indicated that hypnosis provides a context in which hypnotisable participants are able to maintain their belief despite demanding levels of conflict. Chapter 5 presents Experiments 5 and 6, which focused on the role of social demands in participants? response to hypnotic conflict. The findings indicated that demand characteristics shape participants? interpretation of the appropriate response to conflict during an hypnotic suggestion. Chapter 6 presents Experiments 7 and 8, which addressed the relevance of cognitive processes to hypnotic conflict management. The findings indicated that participants used cognitive strategies to manage conflict that were appropriate to the suggestion, degree of conflict, and their individual abilities. Overall, the findings indicated that hypnotic participants? management of conflict involves motivated, strategic responding so as to maintain a belief that events are as communicated by the hypnotist. These issues are discussed within a theoretical perspective that is presented in Chapter 7. This perspective emphasises the hypnotisability of participants, the role of hypnotic induction, participants? interpretation of the desired response, the belief that participants develop in the reality of the suggested events, and the readiness of participants to employ conflict management strategies that produce the appropriate outcome.
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Kalathil, Mohammed Shakeel. "Confabulations in Schizophrenia." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1413301224.
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Fovet, Thomas. "Détection automatisée des hallucinations auditives en IRM fonctionnelle et perspectives thérapeutiques dans la schizophrénie." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S036/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’hallucination est une expérience subjective vécue en pleine conscience consistant en une perception impossible à distinguer d’une perception réelle, mais survenant en l’absence de tout stimulus en provenance de l’environnement externe. Les symptômes hallucinatoires, qui peuvent concerner toutes les modalités sensorielles, sont retrouvés dans divers troubles neurologiques et psychiatriques mais également chez certains sujets indemnes de toute pathologie. Dans le champ de la psychiatrie, la pathologie la plus fréquemment associée aux hallucinations reste la schizophrénie et la modalité auditive est la plus représentée, puisque 60 à 80% des patients souffrant de ce trouble sont concernés. Le retentissement fonctionnel des hallucinations auditives peut être important, altérant significativement la qualité de vie des patients.Dans ce contexte, la prise en charge de ce type de symptômes s’avère un enjeu considérable pour les personnes souffrant de schizophrénie. Pourtant, les moyens thérapeutiques actuellement disponibles (traitements médicamenteux antipsychotiques notamment) ne permettent pas toujours une rémission complète de la symptomatologie hallucinatoire et l’on considère que 25 à 30% des hallucinations auditives sont « pharmaco-résistantes ». C’est à partir de ce constat que, ces dernières années, ont émergé, pour le traitement des hallucinations auditives, des techniques de neuromodulation comme la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétée ou la stimulation électrique transcrânienne par courant continu. Toutefois, les résultats de ces nouvelles thérapies sur les hallucinations auditives résistantes restent modérés et le développement de stratégies alternatives demeure un enjeu de recherche majeur.Actuellement, les travaux en imagerie fonctionnelle permettent d'affiner les modèles physiopathologiques des hallucinations auditives, mais leur intérêt pourrait aller au-delà de la recherche fondamentale, avec possiblement des applications cliniques telles que l'assistance thérapeutique. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit précisément dans le développement de l’imagerie cérébrale de « capture » des hallucinations auditives, c’est-à-dire l’identification des patterns d’activation fonctionnels associés à la survenue des hallucinations auditives.La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la détection automatisée des hallucinations auditives en IRM fonctionnelle. L’identification des périodes hallucinatoires survenues au cours d’une session d’IRM fonctionnelle est actuellement possible par une méthode de capture semi-automatisée validée. Celle-ci permet une labellisation des données acquises au cours d’une session de repos en périodes « hallucinatoires » et « non-hallucinatoires ». Toutefois, le caractère long et fastidieux de cette méthode limite largement son emploi. Nous avons donc souhaité montrer comment les stratégies d’apprentissage machine (support vector machine ou SVM, notamment) permettent l’automatisation de cette technique par le développement de classificateurs performants, généralisables et associés à un faible coût de calcul (indispensable en vue d’une utilisation en temps réel). Nous proposons également le développement d’algorithmes de reconnaissance de la période « pré-hallucinatoire », en mettant en évidence que ce type de classificateur présente aussi des performances largement significatives. Enfin, nous avons pu montrer que l’utilisation de stratégies d’apprentissage-machine alternatives au SVM (e.g, le TV-Elastic-net), obtient des performances significativement supérieures au SVM [...]<br>Hallucination is a transient subjective experience perceived as real, but occurring in the absence of an appropriate stimulation coming from the external environment. Hallucinatory events, which can occur across every sensory modality, are observed in various neurological and psychiatric disorders but also among “non-clinical” populations. The most frequent disorder associated with hallucinations in the field of psychiatry is schizophrenia. Auditory-verbal experiences are particularly frequent, with a lifetime-prevalence of 60 to 80% in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Hallucinations may cause long-term disability and poorer quality of life.In this context, the management of auditory-verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia constitutes a major challenge. However, despite the increasing sophistication of biological and psychosocial research methods in the field, no significant therapeutic breakthrough has occurred in the last decade and a consensus exists that a significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia (i.e., around 25 %), exhibit drug-resistant auditory-verbal hallucinations. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been proposed as an option for addressing the unmet medical needs described above. However, these neuromodulation techniques show a moderate effect in alleviating drug-resistant auditory-verbal hallucinations and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies remains a major challenge.In recent years, the number of brain imaging studies in the field of auditory-verbal hallucinations has grown substantially, leading to a better pathophysiological understanding of this subjective phenomenon. Recent progress in deciphering the neural underpinnings of AVHs has strengthened transdiagnostic neurocognitive models that characterize auditory-verbal hallucinations, but more specifically these findings built the bases for new therapeutic strategies. In this regards the development of auditory hallucinations “capture" brain-imaging studies (i.e. the identification of functional patterns associated with the occurrence of auditory hallucinations), was the main topic of this thesis.The first part of this work is devoted to the automatized detection of auditory-verbal hallucinations using functional MRI (fMRI). The identification of hallucinatory periods occurring during a fMRI session is now possible using a semi-automatized procedure based on an independent component analysis applied to resting fMRI data combined with a post-fMRI interview (i.e. the patient is asked to report auditory-verbal hallucinations immediately after acquisition). This “two-steps method” allows for the identification of hallucination periods (ON) and non-hallucination ones (OFF). However, the time-consuming nature of this a posteriori labelling procedure considerably limits its use. In these regards, we show how machine-learning, especially support vector machine (SVM), allows the automation of hallucinations capture. We present new results of accurate and generalizable classifiers which could be used in real-time because of their low computational-cost. We also highlight that algorithms able to identify the "pre-hallucinatory" period exhibit significant performances. Finally, we propose the use of an alternative learning-machine strategy, based on TV-Elastic-net, which achieves slightly better performances and more interpretable discriminative maps than SVM [...]
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Frèrejouan, du Saint Mathieu. "Le mythe de la "perception sans objet" : l'hallucination au croisement de la philosophie et de la psychiatrie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H221.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il est courant, en philosophie comme en psychiatrie, de définir l’hallucination comme une expérience qui serait semblable à une perception, mais en l’absence de tout objet perçu. Notre propos sera de montrer que toute définition de l’hallucination comme « perception sans objet », et plus généralement toute tentative de décrire l’hallucination et la perception à partir de normes communes, relève du mythe. Pour ce faire, nous commençons par proposer une genèse decette définition, qui a non seulement été forgée par les aliénistes au début du XIXᵉ siècle, et plus particulièrement par Esquirol et ses élèves, mais a aussi directement participé à l’avènement de la psychiatrie. Quittant l’approche historique pour une approche conceptuelle nous montrons ensuite, en croisant la pensée du psychiatre Henri Ey avec celle du philosophe Ludwig Wittgenstein, comment ce mythe de la « perception sans objet » repose sur la tentation d’occulter toute différence entre le normal et le pathologique. Une fois ce point mis en évidence, nous tenterons enfin de comprendre comment les gestes et les paroles de l’halluciné peuvent, tout à la fois, sembler en surface conformes à la grammaire de la perception, tout en s’en écartant. Car c’est sur cette proximité apparente entre l’usage que fait l’halluciné des énoncés de perception et nos propres usages ordinaires que repose le mythe de la « perception sans objet"<br>It is usual, in philosophy as in psychiatry, to define hallucination as an experience similar to perception, but where the perceived object is absent. Our aim will be to show that any definition of hallucination as a “perception without an object”, and more generally any attempt to describe hallucination and perception under the same norm, is a myth. To do so, we will begin by proposing a genesis of this definition which was coined by alienists at the beginning of the XIX century, such as Jean-Etienne Esquirol and his students, and directly contributed to the emergence of psychiatry. Then, moving from this historical approach to a conceptual one, we will show, through a dialogue between psychiatrist Henri Ey et philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, how this myth of a “perception without an object” rests on the temptation to ignore the difference between the normal and the pathological, characteristic of philosophy and, more surprisingly, of psychiatry. Once this will have been established, we will try to understand how the behaviour and speech of the hallucinating subject can seem to follow, on the surface, the grammar of perception, whilst at the same time deviating from it. For it is on this deceitful proximity between the use made by the hallucinating subject of perceptual utterances, and our own ordinary uses, that lies, in psychiatry as well as in philosophy, the myth of the “perception without an object”
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Cochen-de, Cock Valérie. "Mécanismes des états dissociés du sommeil paradoxal : comportements oniriques, hallucinations." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066319.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La dissociation du sommeil paradoxal peut induire hallucinations et comportements oniriques. Les troubles de la pensée au cours du syndrome de Guillain et Barré ne sont pas propre aux conditions réanimatoires mais liés à une atteinte du système nerveux central. Ils correspondent à des rêves éveillés secondaires à une dissociation majeure du sommeil, par atteinte auto-immune réversible de l’hypothalamus, associant dysautonomie et diminution de la transmission hypocrétinergique-1. La plupart des patients présentant un syndrome parkinsonien de la Guadeloupe, une tauopathie, ont des comportements oniriques. La localisation des lésions plus que leur nature (alpha-synucléine versus protéine tau) conditionnerait la survenue de comportements oniriques. Les patients parkinsoniens ne sont plus akinétiques pendant leurs comportements oniriques. Cette restauration du contrôle moteur suggère un rétablissement transitoire « levodopa-like » de la boucle des ganglions de la base pendant le sommeil paradoxal. Le syndrome parkinsonien pourrait aussi disparaître par un débrayage entre les systèmes pyramidal et extra pyramidal en sommeil paradoxal.
46
Hayes, Jacqueline Ann. "Experiencing the presence of the deceased : symptoms, spirits, or ordinary life?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experiencing-the-presence-of-the-deceased-symptoms-spirits-or-ordinary-life(7d77ebab-53c8-43b1-99b5-ea79eec72c36).html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Experiences of presence are common in bereavement. The bereaved person may see the deceased, hear their familiar voice, or otherwise feel they are close at hand. But although common, they are experiences not without controversy. They have come under a variety of descriptions, from 'hallucinations', lacking in meaning and even essentially meaningless, to 'continuing relationships', of rich personal significance. The current thesis represents the first systematic investigation of the properties and meaning of experiences of presence. Narrative biographic interviews with bereaved informants were analysed using Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis. Analytical focus was on the ways in which participants made such experiences meaningful. As a novel approach, this thesis reports several new findings about these phenomena. Firstly, the experiences happened in a variety of bonds (including spouses, parents, grandparents, children, siblings and others), and in a variety of circumstances of the bereavement (including sudden and expected deaths). In all cases, they were described as richly meaningful experiences and as relying on several sources for this meaning. The personal histories of participants were of particular importance in making sense of experiences of presence. Within this context, the experience acquired sense as a continuation of some aspect of the relationship with the deceased. The experiences also had diverse functions, from soothing to destructive. Sometimes, the experiences helped the bereaved to resolve unfinished business with the deceased; at other times, the help was with a much more ordinary problem. On some occasions the experiences of presence caused the bereaved more problems; they simply pronounced the grief or continued a fraught relationship. Participants showed that they had many cultural resources available to them in making sense of their experiences but they did not use all of them. Many informants used some spiritual and psychological ideas to make sense of their experiences. The thesis concludes that many of the most popular theories for these experiences impoverish them by stripping them of their diversity and important aspects of their meaning. The thesis also makes recommendations for psychotherapy for those who have problems of living as a result of their experiences of presence. The study also has implications for psychological research as none of these findings could have been observed through the use of an experimental methodology.
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Nouri, Nadjet. "Essai d'approche psychopathologique de l'acouphène, symptôme méconnu." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette étude clinique qui est une approche psychopathologique du symptôme acouphènique est parmi les premières recherches qui s'intéressent à ce symptôme peu étudié par la psychanalyse<br>This clinical study which is a psychological approach of the tinnitus symptom is among the first studies to be interested in thus symptom poorly studied with psychanalysis
48
Caesar, Nilsson Lina, and Birkeland Nicklas Hag. "Att leva med schizofreni : En narrativ studie baserad på självbiografier." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16847.
Testo completo
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Östman, Jesper. "It's All in the Brain : A Theory of the Qualities of Perception." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation concerns the location and nature of phenomenal qualities. Arguably, these qualities naively seem to belong to perceived external objects. However, we also seem to experience phenomenal qualities in hallucinations, and in hallucinations we do not perceive any external objects. I present and argue for a theory of the phenomenal qualities, "brain theory", which claims that all phenomenal qualities we experience are physical properties instantiated in the brain, regardless of whether they are experienced in veridical perceptions or in hallucinations. I begin by more carefully identifying the phenomenal qualities, discussing how they are related to "qualia" and "phenomenal character". Then I present brain theory, and investigate its implications for the perceptual relations we stand in to external objects, noting that it is mostly neutral. I also compare brain theory to a similar theory of perception advocated by Bertrand Russell. Next, I provide an overview over the competing theories of phenomenal qualities, and relate them to theories of perception, such as representationalism, qualia theory, sense data theory and disjunctivism. The majority of my argumentation for brain theory focuses on arguing that the phenomenal qualities are instantiated in the brain, rather than on arguing that they are physical properties. Instead, I largely assume physicalism. However, even independently of the physicalism assumption, I show that we have reason to believe that phenomenal qualities are experienced in hallucinations, and that qualities experienced in hallucinations are instantiated in internal objects, such as our brains or sense data. In the first step towards this conclusion I argue that theories which deny that phenomenal qualities are experienced in hallucinations face serious problems. In the next step I argue that theories which deny that phenomenal qualities experienced in hallucinations are instantiated in internal objects face serious problems. Finally, an important part of the argumentation is my replies to objections against brain theory, including common sense objections and the "observation objection". From these conclusions, together with the physicalism assumption, I infer that we have reason to believe that brain theory is true about hallucinations. On this basis, I then argue, through a generalizing argument, that the same is the case for veridical perceptions.
50
Novic, Melissa. "Metacognitions in auditory hallucinations." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11737.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Auditory hallucinations are a commonly experienced phenomenon. Theories have been devised in order to help explain how and why this phenomenon occurs, some attributing its occurrence to stressful life events, other explaining it as originating from misattributed thoughts. This study tested the relation between patients who experience auditory hallucinations and their pattern of metacognitions and thought strategies. Method: 12 participants suffering from auditory hallucinations from different parts of Norway were assessed by following instruments: categories of worry (AnTI), metacognitions (MCQ-30), strategies for thought control (TCQ), beliefs about auditory hallucinations (BAVQ-R) and metacognitions with regard to auditory hallucinations (MCQ-VH). Results: Results revealed that participants scored high on positive and negative meta-beliefs in regard to auditory hallucinations. There was further an association between measure of meta-worry as indicated by AnTI and interpretation of voices as indicated by BAVQ-R Earlier research on coping with voices had proposed that distraction was used by voice hearers who cope poorly. Correlational analyses found no relation between beliefs about malevolence and omnipotence of voices and distraction, although participants used distraction as a thought control strategy in order to cope with their voices. Conclusion: This study indicates that metacognitions might be an important factor in perpetuating auditory hallucinations and the discomfort this experience entails. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.