Bibliografie tematiche / Halley, Comẗe de

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Halley, Comẗe de"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024
Ultima modifica: 26 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Halley, Comẗe de"

1

Eberhart, J. "Watching Comet Halley Come to Life". Science News 128, n. 3 (20 luglio 1985): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3970082.

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Mandt, K. E., A. Eriksson, A. Beth, M. Galand e E. Vigren. "Influence of collisions on ion dynamics in the inner comae of four comets". Astronomy & Astrophysics 630 (20 settembre 2019): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834828.

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Context. Collisions between cometary neutrals in the inner coma of a comet and cometary ions that have been picked up into the solar wind flow and return to the coma lead to the formation of a broad inner boundary known as a collisionopause. This boundary is produced by a combination of charge transfer and chemical reactions, both of which are important at the location of the collisionopause boundary. Four spacecraft measured ion densities and velocities in the inner region of comets, exploring the part of the coma where an ion-neutral collisionopause boundary is expected to form. Aims. The aims are to determine the dominant physics behind the formation of the ion-neutral collisionopause and to evaluate where this boundary has been observed by spacecraft. Methods. We evaluated observations from three spacecraft at four different comets to determine if a collisionopause boundary was observed based on the reported ion velocities. We compared the measured location of the ion-neutral collisionopause with measurements of the collision cross sections to evaluate whether chemistry or charge exchange are more important at the location where the collisionopause is observed. Results. Based on measurements of the cross sections for charge transfer and for chemical reactions, the boundary observed by Rosetta appears to be the location where chemistry becomes the more probable result of a collision between H2O and H2O+ than charge exchange. Comparisons with ion observations made by Deep Space 1 at 19P/Borrelly and Giotto at 1P/Halley and 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup show that similar boundaries were observed at 19P/Borrelly and 1P/Halley. The ion composition measurements made by Giotto at Halley confirm that chemistry becomes more important inside of this boundary and that electron-ion dissociative recombination is a driver for the reported ion pileup boundary.
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Feldman, Paul D. "Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Cometary Comae". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 116, n. 1 (1989): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100109662.

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AbstractDuring the past decade, vacuum ultraviolet spectra of over 30 comets have been obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite observatory. With few exceptions, the spectra of these comets appear to be similar, with OH and H produced by the photodissociation of water being the dominant species and emissions of C, O, S, CS and CO+2 usually present. Although signs of variability of many kinds in comet spectra appear, the evidence from the ultraviolet observations suggests that all comets have the same basic chemical composition and that observed differences are due to evolution and ageing processes. The principal exception is S2, which was detected by IUE in comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983 VII), but not in any other comet to date. During the 1985–86 apparition of comet Halley, ultraviolet spectra were also obtained by other spacecraft and by sounding rocket instruments, including a long-slit imaging spectrograph. Further advances await future ultraviolet observations of comets by the Hubble Space Telescope and other planned ultraviolet astronomy missions.
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Fromonot, Françoise. "Le patrimoine comme marché : le cas de Halles". Villes en parallèle. Documents 6, n. 1 (2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2018.1720.

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Hu Zhong-wei, Shen Zhi-qiang e Chen Yang. "Photographic photometry of the CN and C3 comae of Comet Halley". Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 12, n. 4 (dicembre 1988): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0275-1062(88)90039-2.

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Levasseur-Regourd, A. Chantal, e Jeremie Lasue. "Organics in cometary and interplanetary dust". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S251 (febbraio 2008): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308021819.

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AbstractWhile gaseous carbon-rich species in cometary comae (coming from the nuclei icy component) are extensively studied by spectroscopic remote observations, so-called CHONs dust particles, i. e. organic compounds coming from the nuclei refractory component, have mostly been studied by dust mass spectrometers flying through the comae of comets 1P/Halley and 81P/Wild 2. However, remote observations of the light scattered by dust in cometary comae and in the interplanetary medium, coupled with both numerical and experimental simulations, have recently allowed us to confirm that such particles harbor a significant fraction of absorbing material, presumably consisting of organic compounds (Levasseur-Regourd et al. PSS 2007, Lasue et al. A&A 2007).We estimate the fraction of absorbing material present in cometary dust for extensively observed comets (e.g., 1P/Halley, C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp) and in the interplanetary dust (from zodiacal light observations). We also establish that, besides compact particles, fluffy aggregates are definitely present in these media. The properties (e.g., size distribution, morphology, composition) of the cometary and interplanetary dust particles, as inferred from light scattering data analysis, are compared with those of the IDPS collected in the upper Earth atmosphere and of the unique samples returned by the Stardust mission at Wild 2. The results are discussed in terms of the formation of comets in the protosolar nebula, and of the possible survival, at the epoch of late early bombardment, of cometary organics embedded in fluffy aggregates.
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Grass, Thierry. "La traduction comme appropriation : le cas des toponymes étrangers". La traduction des noms propres 51, n. 4 (11 dicembre 2006): 660–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014333ar.

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Résumé Apparemment simple à première vue, la traduction des toponymes pose un certain nombre de problèmes relevant à la fois de la linguistique et de la culture au sens large. Tout d’abord, il n’est pas tout à fait évident de circonscrire ce qu’on appelle un toponyme si ce n’est en lui appliquant le trait [locatif] ; il apparaît alors de nouvelles classes de toponymes comme les objets célestes (der Halleysche Komet = la comète de Halley), les bâtiments (der Pariser Triumphbogen = l’Arc de triomphe) ou les lieux mythiques ou fictifs (Utopia = Utopie) qui ne sont pas celles de l’onomastique traditionnelle. En deuxième lieu, on constate des différences morphosyntaxiques, telle la détermination qui peut être présente en allemand et pas en français ou vice versa (Sachsen = la Saxe ; der Mars = Mars). Pour le même toponyme, la référence peut aussi changer (der Genfer See = le lac Léman, der Aralsee = la mer d’Aral et non *le lac d’Aral). S’ajoute à ces phénomènes une dimension qu’on peut qualifier de « poids de l’histoire » : la traduction étant une appropriation, plus un toponyme étranger aura de liens historiques avec une culture donnée, plus on aura tendance à le traduire et inversement. Ceci en dépit des recommandations des Nations Unies en matière de traduction des toponymes.
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Véron, Jacques, e J. M. Rohrbasser. "Les frères Huygens et le «calcul des aages» : l'argument du pari équitable". Population Vol. 54, n. 6 (1 giugno 1999): 993–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1999.54n6.1011.

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Résumé Il serait sûrement abusif de compter des savants comme Halley, Huygens, ou Leibniz, au nombre des premiers démographes. La discipline n'existait pas encore, et ce sont d'autres préoccupations qui les ont conduits à s'intéresser au calcul des durées de vie. Il y avait d'abord la demande actuarielle : des systèmes « d'assurance vie » se mettaient en place, et leur fonctionnement supposait de connaître les risques de décès à chaque âge et de les combiner entre eux. Les plus mathématiciens y voyaient aussi une occasion intéressante de développer les notions et les calculs de probabilités ; les échanges entre les frères Huygens, en 1669, se situent dans ce cadre, et ils sont analysés ici par Jean-Marc Rohrbasser et Jacques Véron. Ce sont finalement les notions d'espérance de vie (durée de vie moyenne) et de « vie probable » (espérance de vie médiane) qui se trouvent définies. Malheureusement, ces travaux resteront inédits, tout comme ceux de Leibniz sur le même sujet quelques années plus tard.
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Ho, Tra-Mi, Nicolas Thomas, D. C. Boice, Michael Combi, Lawrence A. Soderblom e Valeriy Tenishev. "Comparison of the dust distributions in the innermost comae of comets—1P/Halley and 19P/Borrelly spacecraft observations". Planetary and Space Science 55, n. 7-8 (maggio 2007): 974–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.12.004.

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Montanari, G., K. Wiest e S. Wörmer. "Die Entgrenzung von Arbeit und die Transformation raumbezogener Orientierungen – Eine Annäherung in der Region Halle/Leipzig". Geographica Helvetica 68, n. 2 (10 luglio 2013): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-68-105-2013.

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Abstract. Major trends in society like flexibilisation, blurring of boundaries between life spheres and subjectification of labour come along with new requirements in individual's everyday life. In the scientific debate it has in contrast hardly been discussed how these trends affect different levels of society beyond social strata like the creative class. Referring to the concepts of reflexive modernity and time-geography the focus of this article is on temporal and spatial aspects of societal change and its effects on everyday life. Based on in-depth interviews and a household survey carried out in different residential areas in the region of Halle-Leipzig the paper points out how blurred borders between "work'' and "life'' affect individuals' space-time activities between new opportunities and new constraints. Here an inner-city neighbourhood and a community in the urban sprawl between Halle and Leipzig are under consideration to highlight different strategies to deal with weakening associations between activities, place and time emerging in different settlement structures.
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Libri sul tema "Halley, Comẗe de"

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Sagan, Carl. Comète. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1985.

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Sagan, Carl. Comet. New York: Random House, 1985.

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Sagan, Carl. Comet. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997.

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Sagan, Carl. Comet. New York: Random House, 1985.

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Costa, José. De l'importance des textes considérés comme mineurs: L'exemple du Midrash Hallel : traduction annotée d'un Midrash entre aggada et mystique. Leuven: Peeters, 2013.

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Come to grief. New York: Jove Books, 1996.

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Francis, Dick. Come to grief: And, For kicks. London: Pan, 2006.

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Poma, Paolo. Il contrattualismo come errore radicale: Haller o l'anti-Rousseau. Pisa: ETS, 2012.

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Francis, Dick. Come to Grief. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Francis, Dick. Come to Grief. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Halley, Comẗe de"

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Feldman, Paul D. "Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Cometary Comae". In Comets in the Post-Halley Era, 139–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3378-4_6.

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Charnley, S. B., S. D. Rodgers, H. M. Butner e P. Ehrenfreund. "Chemical Processes in Cometary Comae". In Cometary Science after Hale-Bopp, 349–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1088-6_34.

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Müller, Michael, Simon F. Green e Neil Mcbride. "An Easy-to-Use Model for the Optical Thickness and Ambient Illumination within Cometary Dust Comae". In Cometary Science after Hale-Bopp, 99–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1088-6_10.

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"L’Associationnisme comme Refus de l’Unicité d’Existence". In Le Livre des Haltes (Kitâb al-Mawâqif), Tome I, 239–40. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004453029_092.

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Lagarde, Michel. "“Adorer Dieu Comme si tu le Voyais”". In Le Livre des Haltes (Kitâb al-Mawâqif), Tome II, 400–402. BRILL, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004453227_082.

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"L’Identité du Serviteur, Comme Réel et Néant". In Le Livre des Haltes (Kitâb al-Mawâqif), Tome I, 91–92. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004453029_034.

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Graham, Maryemma. "Making Peace with My Soul". In The House Where My Soul Lives, 498—C27.F7. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195341232.003.0028.

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Abstract This chapter examines how Margaret Walker had so many sleepless nights and panic attacks over the two years that the Roots controversy dragged on. She had already come to the conclusion that Jubilee was indeed her most important book and that it was more than an historical novel. By that time, her novel had become a moral symbol for her. At some point in her reflections, Walker concluded that her part in the Roots matter was driven by a cardinal sin: excessive pride. Beyond her acknowledgment of corporate greed and the support that Alex Haley had, Walker did not, and never would entertain a more thorough discussion of the Roots affair in relationship to larger questions of gender and the prevailing sexist, racist attitudes toward Black women, despite the immensity of these public conversations at the time. She acknowledged that there were differences between Haley and herself, but her analysis remained rooted in corporate class dynamics. Just as her conscience had been the driving force behind her actions in the first place, it was her conscience—her sense of personal responsibility—that drove her to reexamine her actions at the end of the process. Another factor may have accounted for the lack of broad-based support among other women, especially Black feminists.
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"L’Essence de Soi-Même Comme Séjour Véritable et Ultime". In Le Livre des Haltes (Kitâb al-Mawâqif), Tome I, 499–501. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004453029_175.

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"Tout Vient du Réel, le Bien Comme le Mal". In Le Livre des Haltes (Kitâb al-Mawâqif), Tome I, 496. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004453029_173.

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Hall, Joe B., Marianne Walker e Rick Bozich. "Great Opportunity". In Coach Hall, 73–77. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178561.003.0019.

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This chapter is about Joe B. leaving Regis after six years and transferring to Central Missouri. Then he receives a job offer from Coach Rupp to come to UK as first assistant coach. Joe, thrilled, accepts but soon learns that Rupp values him more as a recruiter. He starts UK’s first conditioning program―much to the dismay of the senior team members.
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Atti di convegni sul tema "Halley, Comẗe de"

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Demkina, S. "M. GORKY'S PERSONAL LIBRARY AS A MUSEUM EXHIBIT. ON THE HISTORY OF THE BOOK COLLECTION OF THE GORKY MUSEUM". In VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3764.rus_lit_20-21/382-386.

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The article is devoted to the history of M. Gorky's last library. The volumes of the book collection are located in the memorial museum-apartment of the writer on Malaya Nikitskaya street in Moscow. Gorky collected books all his life, the multi-volume collection that has come down to our days is the final one. The library, which has been formed for more than forty years, has a complex history. The last volumes were added to the library in 1936. The main part of the stored items is located in the memorial exposition. Bookcases with books are located not only in the library, but also in the main hallway, in the hall and along the marble staircase - this was the case under Gorky. The composition of the library, the principle of book arrangement, systematization and subject matter have also been preserved. Of great interest are the inscriptions and Gorky's marks on the books. Gorky's personal library is an integral part of the museum interiors, emphasizing the specifics of the lifetime setting of the memorial exposition. This is notonly an invaluable exhibit of the museum, but also a significant source of studying the personality of the writer and the socio-cultural processes of his era.
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Wilson, Hugh R., e Whitman Richards. "Mechanisms of curvature discrimination". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.mh1.

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Visual processing of curvature was investigated by measuring increment thresholds for curvatures from 0.3 to 25 deg−1. Discrimination of simple curve contours was compared with thresholds for both bandpass and low-pass filtered stimuli. Surprisingly, the higher spatial frequency, orientation selective mechanisms dominate curvature processing, even at low curvatures where lower spatial frequency masks come into play. Our data suggest two different types of curvature mechanism. A simple modification of Wilson's model is in good quantitative agreement with these data. A further modification is required, however, to explain curvature discrimination of Vernier edges created by offsetting the two halves of a grating. In this case, end-stopping must be made explicit using relatively small masks with broad orientation tuning.
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Purgathofer, Peter, e Kay Kender. "FLIPPING A 700 STUDENT CLASSROOM". In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end085.

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Because of the pandemic, we had to switch our first-semester informatics course with 700 students from lecture hall teaching to online teaching. We used the opportunity to rethink our approach and come up with forms of teaching that fit the circumstances. In the evaluation, we found that students generally appreciated our efforts, and although we raised the requirements for a positive grade, the share of students who passed the course was higher than usual.
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Malíčková, Lucia. "The History of Golf in Slovakia". In EDAMBA 2022: 25th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. Bratislava: University of Economics in Bratislava, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2022.9788022550420.266-276.

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Golf has come a long way in the world since the 13th century, but also in Slovakia. The beginnings of golf in Slovakia date back to before the First World War. The blossoming was halted by the Communist regime, which golf considered to be unacceptable. In Slovakia, the expansion of golf began only in the new millennium, with the construction of golf courses and the increase in the number of golfers. Twenty-five years of golf in the heart of Europe suffered from various prejudices. Golf is a snobbish and expensive sport for Slovaks, despite the cost is comparable to skiing. The turning year 2020 affected all parts of our lives with the Covid 19 pandemic. What slowed down our lives, that started the world of golf. The corona closed all sports grounds and closed people at home in Slovakia. Since golf is safe even in the event of pandemics, the courses were limited only for a few weeks and then they filled up with golfers to the last spots. Not only the pandemic, but also the 2020 Olympic Games helped in the development of golf in Slovakia. For the first time in history, Rory Sabbatini the Slovak golfer started with a double cross on his chest. Thanks to him, many prejudices against this sport have changed.
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Alexandru, Acsinte, e Gheorghe Balint. "PROPRIOCEPTIVE AND NEURO-MUSCULAR COORDINATION E-TRAINING IN SPORT PERFORMANCE". In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-246.

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Proprioception and neuro-muscular coordination are treated as new trends in sport performance training process. The latest research shows that best efficiency in sport performance has the athletes that manage their body and segments in best coordinative circumstances even in different kind of stressfully environments. The aim of this material is explore the importance of proprioception and neuro-muscular coordination as a part of training sessions. We focused our research on the Handball players and Biathlon athletes. The selected drills has been developed using unstable surfaces devices such as Balancefit, Bossu, Therabands, Foam devices etc. Evaluation of the athletes? performances has been realized using tests from ?Functional testing in Human Performance ? 139 tests for sport, fitness, and occupational settings? by Michael P. Reiman and Robert C. Manske (Human Kinetics, 2009). For handball players tests has been developed in the sports hall they are training and for the biathlon athletes in their own specific training environment. The protocols to be followed have been detailed in accordance with the coaches and athletes. Some of the conclusion are still to come, taking in consider that our research is on running. At the same time we consider that the earlier we start with proprioceptive and neuro-muscular training, the safest and more efficient sport performances we?ll have. According to this, we already have some drills structures available on-line approved by some international organization, as European Handball Federation. http://activities.eurohandball.com/article/15742. At the same time printed materials on this topic are already published and available on-line. http://www.xlibrispublishing.co.uk/bookstore/bookdisplay.aspx?bookid=300387 http://www.amazon.com/Improving-Ankle-Joint-Stability-ebook/dp/B00480OQ9O/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&m=A2L4MGAWRMK2KM&s=books&qid=1287684877&sr=1-1 http://search.barnesandnoble.com/books/product.aspx?ean=9781453587133 http://www.eurohandball.com/ehf/handballbasics Then we intend to develop some future on-line proprioceptive and neuro-muscular training patterns to be followed by athletes and coaches.
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Dauster, Manfred. "Criminal Proceedings in Times of Pandemic". In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.18.

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COVID-19 caught humanity off guard at the turn of 2019/2020. Even when the Chinese government sealed off Wuhan, a city of millions, for weeks to contain the epidemic, no one in other parts of the world had any idea of what specifically was heading for the countries. The ignorant and belittling public statements and tweets of the former US president are still fresh in everyone's memory. Only when the Italian army carried the coffins with the COVID-19 victims in northern Italy, the gravesites spread in the Bergamo region, as well as the intensive care beds filled in the overcrowded hospitals, the countries of the European Union and other parts of the world realised how serious the situation threatened to become. Together with the World Health Organisation (WHO), the terms changed to pandemic. Much of the pandemic evoked reminiscences originating in the Black Death raging between 1346 and 1353 or in the Spanish flu after the First World War. Meanwhile, life went on. The administration of justice in criminal cases could not and should not come to a standstill. Emergency measures, such as those that began to emerge in February 2020, are always the hour of the executive. In their efforts to stop the spread of the virus, in Germany, governments particularly reflected on criminal proceedings. Neither criminal procedural law nor the courts and court administrations applying this procedural law were adequately prepared for the challenges. Deadlines threatened to expire, access to court buildings and halls had to be restricted to reduce the risk of infection, public hearings represented a potential source of infection for both the parties to the proceedings and the public, virtual criminal hearings via conference calls had not yet been tested in civil proceedings, but were legally possible, but not so in criminal cases. The taking of evidence in criminal cases in Germany is governed by the rules of strict evidence and is largely not at the disposal of the parties to the proceedings. Especially in criminal cases, fundamental and human rights guarantees serve to protect the accused, but also the victims and witnesses. Executive measures of pandemic containment might impact these guarantees. Here, an attempt will be made to discuss at some neuralgic points how Germany has attempted to balance the resulting contradictory interests in the conflict between pandemic control and constitutional requirements for criminal court proceedings.
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de Resende Neves, Francisa Joana, e Ana Lídia Virtudes. "GIS model for management of expansion areas: the case of Belmonte". In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7536.

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Abstract (sommario):
Um dos mais importantes desempenhos dos Municípios em Portugal passa, em grande escala, pela gestão territorial, tarefa que tem vindo a enfrentar alguns obstáculos quanto à sua eficácia. Estes obstáculos têm relevância acrescida devido a lacunas na gestão de áreas de expansão urbana, tradicionalmente dispersas que correspondem aos espaços contíguos às zonas urbanas consolidadas,historicamente compactas para onde estas se poderão expandir. Ora, é precisamente nas áreas de expansão urbana, caracterizadas pelas baixas densidades, quer populacional quer habitacional, onde freqüentemente permanecem atividades de cariz dominante não urbano, de índole agrícola, que são entendidas como locais de reserva para o crescimento urbano futuro, que se registra uma maior dinâmica nas alterações de ocupação e utilização do território, em resultado da forte iniciativa privada. Esta iniciativa é freqüentemente morosa na sua execução e ineficaz quanto à continuidade com a envolvente, devido à deficiente informação disponibilizada pelo Município quanto às regras urbanísticas vigentes, ou devido ao deficiente entendimento dessas mesmas regras por parte dos agentes privados. Conseqüentemente, poder-se-á referir que a inexistência de um modelo de gestão territorial, organizado e simples que possa disponibilizar de forma eficaz a informação quanto às regras de ocupação e utilização do solo vigente, quer na óptica dos munícipes na sua iniciativa privada de intervir no território, quer na óptica do Município na sua tarefa técnica de fazer cumprir essas mesmas regras, tem vindo a agravar esta problemática, designadamente, dificultando a monetarização do processo. Verifica-se, assim, a necessidade de evoluir no modo de disponibilizar ao cidadão toda a informação relativa às possibilidades de ocupação e utilização do solo, incluindo as faculdades de edificar e de urbanizar, como as condicionantes que limitam o direito de propriedade e o uso do solo, provenientes dos conteúdos conceptuais dos instrumentos de gestão territorial de âmbito municipal. Atualmente, os vários instrumentos utilizados na gestão do território, a nível municipal, têm vindo a ser acompanhados com alguns softwares em desenvolvimento, como os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, capazes de expor com maior facilidade e eficácia uma quantidade cada vez maior e mais complexa de informação, num processo moroso. Com este tipo de aplicações é possível, por exemplo, sobrepor a um Ortofotomapa de uma determinada parcela do território, a informação proveniente do elemento chave da gestão territorial de âmbito municipal, o Plano Diretor Municipal, das suas cartas de condicionantes, mapas da rede hidrográfica entre outras. Este artigo apresenta um modelo de gestão territorial aplicado às áreas de expansão urbana do conselho de Belmonte, localizado no interior do país junto à fronteira com a Espanha, recorrendo a uma base dedados e aos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Este modelo pretende servir de apoio à iniciativa privada bem como ao Município ao qual competirá assegurar a sua monitorização. *** ENG: One of the most important jobs of the Municipal Town Hall (MTH) is, largely, to manage the territory, which is something which has its difficulties along the way. These obstacles are even more relevant considering there are gaps in the management of areas where there is urban expansion, traditionally scattered; diversec ty; which correspond to the spaces adjacent to the consolidated urban areas, historically compact city into which these will be able to expand. It is precisely in the areas of urbane expansion, characterized by low densities, both in terms of population and housing, where frequently activities of a non-urban nature, of agricultural nature for example, which are considered as areas of future urban growth, which register a greater dynamic in the alterations of occupation and utilization of the territory, as a result of a strong private initiative. This initiative is frequently slow in its execution and ineffective with regards to continuity with the surroundings, due to the defective available information by the Local authority (MTH) with regard to the town planning rules in force, or due to the defective understanding of the same rules on the part of the private agents. As a result, we could say that the inexistence of any kind of territorial management model, organised and simple, and which could efficiently provide information regarding the rules of occupation and utilization, whether it be in the sight of the municipality in its private enterprise in the territory, or whether it be in the sight of the municipality in its technical role to enforce the keeping of these same rules, has come to aggravate this very issue, namely, making more difficult the monitoring of the process. In this we can confirm the necessity to evolve in the manner of making available to the citizen all the town planning information relative the possibilities of occupation and utilization of the land, including the facilities to build and urbanize as well as the conditioning factors which limit and rights of the owner in the occupation and utilization of the land, originating from the conceptual contents of the instruments of territorial management of the municipality. At present, the various instruments used in the management of territory in Portugal, on a municipal level,have come to be accompanied by various software currently being developed, such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), able to expose with greater ease and efficiency a growing quantity and greater complexity of information, in a slow process. With these types of applications it is possible, for example, to superimpose an Ortophotomap of a determined piece of the territory, the information originating from the key element of the territorial management of municipal extent, the Municipal Director Plan, of its letters of restrictions, maps of the hydrographical network amongst other such things. This article presents a model of territorial management applied to the areas of expansion of the district of Belmonte, located in the interior of the country close to the border with Spain, resorting to a data base and to the Geographical Information Systems. This model intends to serve as a support to the private enterprise as well as to the Local authority to which it will compete to secure its monitoring.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Halley, Comẗe de"

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Delbridge, Victoria, Astrid Haas, Oliver Harman, Anthony Venables e Khady Dia-Sarr. Enhancing the financial position of cities: Evidence from Dakar. UNHabitat, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-wp_2022/3.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The city of Dakar is one of the only cities in Africa to come close to taking a municipal bond to market. The US$40 million bond, set to launch in 2014, was designed to fund a new market hall for informal traders in the city. The market would relocate more than 4,000 street vendors, with the aim of moving them from side streets into a safe and central place to sell their goods, with access to credit agencies and other market services. Development partners, including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the World Bank’s Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF), Cities Alliance, and USAID, played a crucial role in making the bond terms viable – both in shouldering the financial burden of developing internal creditworthiness, and in providing expertise and guarantees to reduce the risk. Although the bond’s launch was ultimately stopped by national government decree, the process of preparing for the bond has greatly improved the financial management capabilities and creditworthiness of the city. As a result, Dakar’s bond journey is still paying dividends to the city today, with a number of successful concessional and commercial loans. The process also deepened the city’s connection with its residents – with small bond denominations, informal traders were one of the key investors. The motivation for the bond was in part due to the city’s lack of control over its financial resources. While the most recent decentralisation law amendment, Acte III de la Décentralisation of 2013, has seen many responsibilities devolved to the local level, finances to deliver on this new mandate have not followed. In fact, all revenue and expenditure for local governments in Senegal are processed at the national level, leaving little room or incentive for financial reform. Surprisingly, despite this, the law gives local governments relative independence in taking on debt. This meant that when Mayor Sall came into office with a vision for change, the only viable financing opportunity within the city of Dakar’s control was via the latter. This legislated independence is also the reason why the halting of the bond was so heavily contested. The city of Dakar provides an example of the importance of the political landscape in effecting any innovative reforms, as well as the need for the national government to buy-in to the fact that successful cities are in their interest as well. This is particularly critical in Dakar’s case, given the city’s finances are managed at the national level. Fortuitously, the national government is now beginning to focus on improving local revenues, primarily through property taxes, as well as better coordination amongst different stakeholders through a dedicated department and the ‘Local Fiscality Commissions’ described below.
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