Tesi sul tema "Guerra de Sucesión Española"
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Castellano, García Manuel Alejandro. "Opinión pública y diplomacia británica ante la guerra de Sucesión española (1710-1713)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462198.
Testo completoConcluding the war of the Spanish Succession implied a vast effort which forced the Robert Harley government to use all means within his reach. This dissertation studies the diplomatic movements and negotiating strategies employed by Great Britain to reach an agreement with his enemies and simultaneously convince his reluctant allies to join their peace project. At the same time, we examine the use given to public opinion and the importance of the propaganda clash between the pro-tory and pro-whig press at the time when the policies in favor of peace were imposed in the parliamentary debate and influenced in the British society. The combination of both aspects allows us to structure the process of the peace negotiation by linking it with the social and economic situation experienced by Great Britain, in its efforts to reach a definitive peace with Spain.
Sallés, Núria. "Giulio Alberoni y la dirección de la política exterior española después de los tratados de Utrecht: 1715-1719". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396278.
Testo completoGiulio Alberoni had a leading role in Spanish policy-making during the troubled years that followed the end of the War of Spanish Succession. This Piacentine abbot, an agent of the duke of Parma in Madrid, was able to establish himself at Philip V's court and government in Spain. Between 1715 and 1719 Alberoni strengthened his control over Spanish diplomacy and over foreign-policy decision-making mechanisms. This dissertation identifies the foundations of his particular valimiento, and the stages of his increasing access to power. The clarification of these issues, along with the examination of his particular correspondence with Spanish diplomats, sheds new light onto the analysis of post-Utrecht Spanish foreign policy and its underlying strategy.
Righetti, Camilla <1988>. "La mirada del niño en la Guerra Civil española". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5409.
Testo completoSoler, Parício Pere. "Irlanda y la guerra civil española. Nuevas perspectivas de estudio". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/113554.
Testo completoThis project of investigation surveys Irish responses to the Spanish Civil War, recounting the participation of Irishmen on both sides of that conflict. Specially, it analyses the motives behind their involvement in Spain, their experiences there, and it attempts to place both in the context of comparative international responses to the war. It's correct to say that the Spanish Civil War aroused strong passions in Ireland, so this research examines various interest groups on the Irish front: supporters of the Spanish Republic, the pro-Franco Irish Christian Front, the Catholic Church, etc. It also considers the formation of diplomatic policy, and the party political responses. However, all those reactions help to illustrate the impact on Ireland of the rise of radical ideologies in 1930s Europe. So, this P.H.D. describes the political culture of interwar Ireland. The central part of this research studies the corps of 700 Irish volunteers, formed by Eoin O'Duffy (politician who had previously organised the banned quasi-fascist Bueshirts in Ireland), that fought on the Nationalist side of Franco. And by the other hand, explains the history about the group of IRA members and Irish Socialists who fought in support the cause of the Second Republic (around 250-300 men), organized by the Republican Congress and the Irish Communist Party with Frank Ryan as their leader; sometimes referred to as the "Connolly Column". Moreover, this work turns around different axes of research related with the connections between Ireland and Spain during the interwar period. This is, the foreign affairs among both countries, their diplomatic relations, the reception of Irish news and events in the Spanish medias of that time, etc. Specially, trying to put forward the Catalan and Basque particular ties with Ireland. By doing so, it analyzes several bonds that were established between various political parties, institutions, organizations and other bodies from those lands.
Serrato, Rojas Julian Hernan <1983>. "Barcelona y el Movimiento Anarquico durante la Guerra civil Española". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10790.
Testo completoCerdá, Bañón Francisco Joaquín. "Historia del cine en Alicante durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939)". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/370104.
Testo completoThe main objective of this thesis was to study and analyse the films produced, distributed and exhibited in Alicante during the Spanish Civil War. The methodology used in this work divided the research process into three different parts: 1. Review and analysis of bibliography and films: a. State of the Art. b. Analysis of bibliography and films proposed by the directors of the thesis. 2. Fieldwork, planning: a. Analysis of archives. This stage led us to know the activities of the film industry managers in Alicante regarding the management of cinemas, funding sources, exhibition ways and film distribution. b. Newspapers and periodical library analysis. We focused our research on this analysis and from it we inferred all the information regarding the dynamics of film exhibition as well as the importance and the dimension of the propaganda and the social function of cinema, review, and controversy among newspapers; we also understood and analysed the dramatic events occurred in the city. 3. Conclusions. They were drawn by matching data obtained from each of the parts in which this research is divided, i.e., data obtained during the documentary research (1.) and data obtained during the fieldwork (2.). Consequently with all said before, these are the objectives proposed for our thesis: 1. To study and analyse the process of confiscation and the model of film industry management developed by political parties and unions in the city of Alicante during the Spanish Civil War. This led us to know the distinctive features in this city compared to other cities like Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia. 2. To define the dynamics of film exhibition in Alicante during the reference period. This allowed us mainly to: a) draw the stake between the propaganda films and the entertainment films exhibited; b) analyse what genres were the most watched during the war; c) figure out the nationality and the proportion of films watched by people from Alicante; d) know whether the cinemas were well-stocked with films and the amount of premieres; e) set how was the public from Alicante in the cinemas under the special circumstances of war. 3. To know what changes were carried out by the new Franco regime. In the conclusions, this research has identified three specific stages in the Alicante process of confiscation: a) Partial confiscation and political and union pressure on private ownership: July 1936 - May 1937. b) General confiscation: May 1937. c) State intervention: January 1938. Despite the political and union management of the film exhibition during almost all the war, people from Alicante watched 89% of commercial films in front of 11% of propaganda films. 72% of commercial films exhibited in Alicante were films made in the U.S.A. This is an astonishing amount compared to the figure of 15% of the Spanish-made films exhibited, the second nationality in number of films exhibited during the war. The mentioned 72% represented one thousand and fifty seven films (75%) in front of seventy one Spanish films (5%), and this means that the comparison between the number of films or the screen share and the time that these films were shown per number of screenings, gives us a very advantageous and clarifying result about the public preferences for the Spanish and Republican films during the war. So we can end up by saying that in Alicante, the winner, in term of percentages, were the films made in Spain during the II Republic.
Ruiz-Núñez, Juan-Boris. "Los bombardeos aéreos republicanos en territorio sublevado durante la guerra civil española (1936-1939)". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/117822.
Testo completoPfeifer, Ulrike. "La narrativa española durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial: rasgos germanófilos e influencias nacionalsocialistas". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/369038.
Testo completoIntroducció La present tesi parteix d'una perspectiva de la literatura comparada centrant-se en la repercussió immediata que van tenir els esdeveniments bèl•lics del segle XX a la literatura. Des d'una perspectiva hispano-alemanya, s'ha revelat d'especial interès l'obra narrativa i de prosa en castellà, publicada durant la Segona Guerra Mundial. Aquesta tesi consta de vuit parts: la primera ens introduirà a la temàtica i en ella es definiran les nocions claus de l'estudi com són els conceptes de “germanofilia” i “filonazismo”. Per tal de contextualitzar les obres posteriorment analitzades, s'abordarà a continuació la tradició germanòfila a Espanya des del segle XIX. Seguint un fil cronològic el tercer bloc versarà sobre les afinitats amb la ideologia feixista en la literatura espanyola fins a 1945. En les seccions quatre, cinc i sis realitza l'anàlisi literària d'una llista d'obres anteriorment seleccionades segons uns criteris definits en la part introductòria. La tesi conclou amb un setè apartat en el qual es compararan les obres literàries escollides. Continguts de la investigació Els termes claus d'aquesta tesi que analitza la narrativa i prosa espanyola durant la Segona Guerra Mundial són “germanofilia” i “filonazismo”. L'objectiu del present treball és l'anàlisi d'aquesta literatura d'un conjunt de vint escriptors. Les seves obres es consideren significatives en el panorama de la literatura espanyola contemporània ja que són un reflex immediat d'uns anys de notables convulsions polítiques i socials. Per tal de contextualitzar aquesta literatura, es remunta en un primer moment a la fi del segle XIX i es caracteritzarà la llavors notable admiració cultural i literària per Alemanya. Entorn de la Primera Guerra Mundial, s'analitzaran les posicions dels escriptors espanyols respecte a l'Alemanya en guerra. A més, s'abordaran alguns estereotips sobre Alemanya. Per tal de donar un exemple de les actituds pro-germanes de principis del segle XX es caracteritzaran vida i obra dels escriptors Baroja i Ortega y Gasset. El tercer apartat versarà sobre la consolidació dels nacionalismes extrems tant a Espanya com a Alemanya. Tot i que en termes polítics ambdós països no són comparables, es pot equiparar el creixement dels seus valors nacionals, respectivament, i abordar la qüestió de com es reflecteix aquest desenvolupament de forma immediata en la narrativa de l'època. Amb la presa de poder dels nacionalsocialistes a Alemanya, el perfil de l'actitud germanòfila a Espanya canvia. A molts escriptors i les seves obres literàries se'ls pot atribuir llavors la característica 'filonazi'. A més a més, es definiran les característiques de les obres d'índole filonazi. El tercer apartat conclou amb un catàleg de quaranta-un escriptors que s'ocupen de la temàtica bèl•lica, i de les seves obres narratives publicades entre1939 i 1945. Es basa en la notable quantitat de treballs critico-literaris ja publicats i que tracten la narrativa del segle vint. A les seccions quatre, cinc i sis s'agrupen vint escriptors les obres dels quals compleixen amb les característiques germanòfil i/o filonazi. Es considera imprescindible dividir aquests escriptors en tres subgrups. El primer és el grup dels escriptors falangistes i en el segon hi ha els escriptors de la “División Azul”. Els escriptors del tercer conjunt s'agrupen en la secció "Altres novel•listes germanòfils i filonazis". Les seves obres han de ser incloses en l'anàlisi per la notable identificació dels seus autors amb la cultura alemanya i/o la ideologia nazi. Conclusió En el capítol de les conclusions es comparen les obres estudiades i es resumeix el grau d'actitud germanòfila i filonazi que es desprèn d'elles. Addicionalment caldria qüestionar-nos també el reconeixement artístic d'aquest tipus de literatura i la seva rellevància en el panorama literari actual.
Bitrián, Varea Carlos. "Espacio y memoria : un viaje por las ruinas de la guerra civil española". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669629.
Testo completoLa tesis doctoral muestra el resultado de una investigación sobre la historia y el carácter de los pueblos que en la actualidad se mantienen en ruinas en España como consecuencia, en última instancia, de los daños producidos durante la guerra civil. El trabajo tiene su origen en la hipótesis de que los lugares habitados en los cuales se convive cotidianamente con un núcleo en ruinas constituyen un terreno fértil para el análisis de la compleja y fundamental relación entre el espacio y la memoria. La investigación ha identificado en primer término cuáles son esos lugares, tras una minuciosa labor de búsqueda sobre la geografía española que dio como resultado una lista de seis pueblos. En todos ellos, salvo en uno que jamás se reconstruyó, el Estado procedió al traslado del núcleo habitado y dispuso el abandono del antiguo. La tesis documenta y analiza los procesos de destrucción, reconstrucción, abandono y recuperación en todos esos casos. A la vez que estudia las particularidades con detalle local, la tesis pretende establecer el marco general que permite entender el carácter de estas poblaciones duales con respectivos núcleos en ruinas y de nueva planta. Para ello, se ha investigado el proceso de reconstrucción que tuvo lugar en España después de la guerra, e incluso las propuestas que al respecto se hicieron ya durante el conflicto. Especialmente, se ha abordado la labor de la Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas, el organismo sobre el que recayó buena parte de la misión reconstructora. Fruto de esta investigación, se ofrece una interpretación del proceso reconstructor que incluye derivadas técnicas, sociales y políticas y se analizan las principales facetas detectadas del complejo poliedro memorial que estos lugares constituyen, de forma que pueda comprenderse el carácter múltiple de las memorias colectivas e individuales depositadas en ellos. La tesis se estructura como un recorrido desde la ciudad universitaria de Madrid, donde la propuesta se presentó en el marco del Congreso Posguerras, hasta la Escuela de Arquitectura de Barcelona, atravesando los lugares estudiados y el paisaje que los une. En cada una de las poblaciones se trata uno de los aspectos que condicionan la naturaleza histórica y el contenido memorial de aquellos espacios. En Valdeancheta se aborda el carácter de la destrucción debida a la guerra y las formas que presentó, que de algún modo todavía se contienen en las ruinas actuales. En Montarrón se revisa el proceso político y técnico en cuyo seno se produjo la reconstrucción, y en Gajanejos se estudia ese proceso desde el punto de vista de la arquitectura y el urbanismo. En Belchite se estudia la atracción por las ruinas cultivada durante la guerra y el primer franquismo para comprender el caso excepcional de esta villa aragonesa, elevada a la categoría de monumento encargado de trasladar espacialmente el mensaje maniqueo sobre el que se basaron la guerra y la dictadura. Aquí se abordan también las cuestiones políticas y sociales del proceso de reconstrucción que, más allá del aspecto técnico, muestran los mecanismos de represión del franquismo. Se llama la atención sobre la represión espacial, que ha sido poco estudiada y que dio lugar a gran cantidad de lugares heterotópicos. En Rodén se recogen las voces de los testimonios que a lo largo del trabajo han vertido su memoria en él, lo que permite dotar de riqueza cotidiana espacios que también son depósitos de recuerdos personales. Y en Corbera se analiza el tratamiento que el último franquismo y la democracia han dado a estos lugares. Finalmente, se proponen a modo de epílogo algunas consideraciones relativas a la memoria y al espacio que por una parte defienden el carácter insustituible del soporte espacial para un tipo de transmisión memorial, y, por otra, analizan el posible papel que los lugares estudiados tienen potencialmente como espacios de reencuentro personal, colectivo, social y político.
Battiata, Elettra <1996>. "La novela española contemporánea: Almudena Grandes Guerra Civil y postguerra en “El corazon helado” y “Episodios de una guerra interminable”". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21868.
Testo completoHensley, Jordan C. "La Guerra Civil Española en la memoria histórica: Una conversación continua con el pasado". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1432737918.
Testo completoRío, Martín Manuel del. "La memoria y los aviadores de la II República durante la Guerra Civil española". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/53735.
Testo completoAlonso, Ibarra Miguel. "El ejército sublevado en la Guerra Civil Española. Experiencia bélica, fascistización y violencia (1936-1939)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667946.
Testo completoThis research aims to understand the building process of the Rebel army during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the war experience of the soldiers enlisted in this contingent, and the role played by the army in the definition and construction of the Francoist regime. I will analyse these elements through the three different parts in which the dissertation is divided. The first one will connect the failure of the coup in July, 17th-18th 1936 with the way in which the Rebel army was built. Also, it will tackle the process of convergence into a modern war that the tactics, proceeding and, at the end, warfare of the Rebel army faced. As shown in this first part, this played an important role in shaping a significantly harsh war experience for combatants. In the second part, I will address the process of ideological socialization and political indoctrination the army put in motion in order to attract soldiers to the Rebels’ project. This process was channelled through several ways. First of all, by the creation of new frames of reference which gave significance to the war and soldier’s fight, according to the fascist ideology the Rebel coalition had. Secondly, by taking advantage of the survival mechanisms soldiers had created at the front, such as comradeship. And, finally, by offering the soldiers tangible compensations and rewards in order to compensate for their sacrifice at the front, but mainly for their support to Francoism. Finally, the last part will address the violence displayed by the army, but also by combatants. I will analyse here the mechanisms of control and coercion the army implemented in order to fulfil its task of cleanse the dissidents and the anti-Spain, but also to attract several people to the “ranks” of the rebellion. Here, I will shed light on the inherent contradictions of this parallel goals, mainly through an analysis of the variation and modification of violence and occupation policies implemented by the Rebel army. At the end, what this research aims to provide are new perspectives on the war experience of Spanish during the Civil War and how can we connect this with the construction of the Francoist dictatorship.
Rossi, Maura. "La memoria transgeneracional: presencia y persistencia de la guerra civil en la narrativa española contemporánea". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424172.
Testo completoUn numero consistente di opere letterarie elaborate e pubblicate in Spagna negli ultimi anni presenta all’interno delle rispettive trame il tema ricorrente della memoria della guerra civile spagnola e della successiva dittatura franchista. Proposta da autori impossibilitati a ricorrere a un’esperienza biografica degli eventi che narrano, questa tipologia narrativa si incarica di esplicitare in forma romanzata eventi dolorosi che, ancora oggi, sembrano conservare il loro carattere conflittuale e traumatico. Il lavoro si propone di approfondire il riflesso letterario che la memoria del conflitto del 1936-1939 conserva all’interno della narrativa peninsulare di seconda e terza generazione. Obiettivo della ricerca è la definizione delle modalità, strategie e finalità di rappresentazione transgenerazionale della guerra e delle sue sequele mnemoniche, con un’attenzione specifica per la nozione di trauma storico ereditato, in dialogo con le suggestioni provenienti dal dibattito socio-politico spagnolo degli ultimi due decenni. In primo luogo, la tesi affronta una discussione semiotica e pluridisciplinare della nozione nebulosa della ‘memoria’, occupandosi in particolare del discusso sintagma ‘memoria storica’, che tenta di definire facendo convergere apporti neurologici, psicanalitici, sociologici e storiografici. In un secondo momento, approccia la memoria del conflitto come un divenire emotivo, soffermandosi sui diversi discorsi dominanti che, in prospettiva diacronica, hanno restituito un’immagine dello stesso dal momento della sua conclusione fino ai giorni nostri (in particolare, il Franchismo, la transizione e lo stato democratico). Nucleo centrale dell’argomentazione proposta è una serie di considerazioni relative alla persistenza mnemonica del conflitto nella narrativa contemporanea, con un interesse specifico per la questione generazionale (per affrontare la quale si fa ricorso alle teorie sulla postmemoria di Marianne Hirsch); l’analisi dell’influenza del mercato e del motivo della spettralità nella recente super-produzione memorialista; la rassegna delle etichette formali applicate dalla critica al corpus analizzato; la tipologia rappresentativa del ‘passato a partire dal presente’; e, da ultimo, il commento della narrativizzazione della violenza. Completa il testo un’analisi specifica ed esemplificativa di quattro romanzi selezionati come particolarmente rappresentativi, ovvero La voz dormida di Dulce Chacón (2002); ¡Otra maldita novela sobre la guerra civil! di Isaac Rosa (2007); El corazón helado di Almudena grandes (2007) e Ayer no más di Andrés Trapiello (2012).
Agenjo, Bosch Rosa. "Pintora Ángeles Santos y su obra anterior a la Guerra Civil Española. Catalogación y estudio, La". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2566.
Testo completo1) ANTECEDENTES
Ángeles Santos, pintora recordada por muchos de su generación como la creadora del cuadro Un mundo, que pintó en 1929 siendo una muchacha de apenas dieciocho años, reside actualmente en la galería de los pintores injustamente olvidados.
Prueba esta aseveración el que, de entre toda su fecunda obra pictórica, tan sólo pueda contemplarse públicamente este cuadro, enorme lienzo que se exhibe actualmente en el "Museu de l'Empordà" de Figueres. El cuadro es acreedor, por sí solo, por el universo que encierra, de un detallado y completo estudio.
Probablemente habrá contribuido al general olvido de esta excepcional pintora el que el resto de sus lienzos se hayan ido desperdigando entre colecciones particulares y sótanos de Museos, entre otros, el de Arte Contemporáneo de Madrid.
No es de extrañar, pues, que en los años treinta sus obras tuvieran tanta resonancia en los ambientes artísticos y fuera tan bien acogida por la crítica como un caso inaudito de pintora genialmente precoz.
La primera de sus numerosas exposiciones fue en Valladolid en 1928. En 1930 el "X Salón de Otoño" de Madrid dedicó una sala a sus cuadros. Fue componente de la Sociedad de Artistas Ibéricos, expuso en Copenhague, Berlín y París. Sus obras también atravesaron el Atlántico para poder ser contempladas en el Carnegie Institute de Pittsburgh.
Todo ello demuestra que en este breve período de tiempo la escena artística española fue testigo de la ascensión meteórica de esta pintora.
2) OBJETIVO
He pretendido, al desarrollar los diferentes aspectos que componen este trabajo, confeccionar un Catalogo crítico y recopilar la máxima información existente acerca de la obra de Ángeles Santos, que permitiese poner de manifiesto, lo más objetivamente posible, la aportación de esta pintora a nuestro patrimonio artístico.
En base a las investigaciones efectuadas en torno a la fuerte repercusión que en los círculos artísticos produjo su obra más temprana, y teniendo en cuenta que, desde 1933, se produce un cambio notable en su estilo, el cual no abandonará hasta nuestros días, he creído oportuno centrar el estudio en el período anterior a la guerra civil española.
Sin querer significar con ello que la obra posterior carezca de interés, solamente se incluye al final de este trabajo una breve referencia a la misma debido a que ésta pertenece a una etapa de la producción de la pintora aún inconclusa, pues todavía pinta en la actualidad, por lo que no se dispone de la suficiente perspectiva histórica para poder valorarla con objetividad. Por otra parte, la diferencia de estilos entre ambas etapas aconseja asimismo analizar su producción posterior en un estudio aparte, del cual puede ser punto de partida este trabajo.
3) FUENTES
En lo concerniente a la obtención de datos precisos en el desarrollo de este estudio, he consultada fuentes de diversa índole.
Para la confección de un catalogo lo má s completo posible de sus obras, ha sido de inestimable ayuda la relación obtenida de la propia Ángeles Santos. Esta relación se ha ido engrosando a partir de los catálogos de exposiciones y otras publicaciones que he ido encontrando a lo largo de cuatro años de investigación en España y en el extranjero. Además, el continuado contacto con la pintora me ha facilitado una más profunda comprensión de su personalidad y de su obra. Merece especial mención la ayuda recibida de Rafael Santos Torroella, hermano de la artista, quien ha publicado diversos artículos sobre ella en los que se encuentran muchas aportaciones de gran valor. Sin duda alguna, se trata de la persona que posee más información sobre la pintora y con gran amabilidad me ha permitido el acceso a todas estas fuentes. Aún así, la labor de investigación me ha permitido localizar una considerable cantidad de material inédito, olvidado, o muy poco conocido.
4) ESTRUCTURACIÓN Y METODOLOGÍA
En primer lugar se encuentra un capítulo que titulo Aspectos biográficos, donde se recogen aquellos datos de la vida de la pintora, así como los hechos y circunstancias del momento artístico que he considerado más relevantes para una mayor comprensión de su obra.
El siguiente capítulo es el Catálogo critico (en el que se recoge toda la información de diversa índole recopilada acerca de cada una de las obras realizadas por la pintora desde sus comienzos hasta el estallido de la guerra civil.
La metodología utilizada ha sido confeccionar una Ficha técnica para cada obra estudiada. Las Fichas están ordenadas cronológicamente y en cada una de ellas se incluye el título, las dimensiones, las características físicas, químicas y técnicas, el estado de conservación, las restauraciones, la cronología, el lugar de ejecución, la localización actual, las exposiciones y la bibliografía. A continuación se halla una descripción de los elementos que aparecen en el cuadro, un análisis y una interpretación
Dado que en su totalidad se trata de una obra figurativa, primeramente se describen en detalle los elementos que aparecen en el cuadro o dibujo. A continuación se analizan los aspectos técnicos y la factura pictórica. Finalmente, en la interpretación de las obras he considerado interesante incluir las opiniones y declaraciones de la crítica. De esta manera, un comentario relevante sobre una obra queda recogido en la ficha del cuadro correspondiente. Finalmente, se incluye la fotografía de la obra y el calco de su firma.
El seguimiento detallado de este Catálogo crítico permite observar la evolución del estilo de la pintora y la maduración de su técnica, y pone de manifiesto la gran personalidad artística de Ángeles Santos, que yo reivindico como conclusión global de esta Tesis.
En un apéndice de la Tesis se exponen las conclusiones acerca del Análisis de los materiales y técnicas pictóricas utilizados por la pintora, los cuales se han obtenido a partir de la extracción de muestras de la capa pictórica y su observación al microscopio.
Para el estudio de las Exposiciones realizadas por la pintora he recogido la información existente sobre el carácter de las mismas, expositores, organizadores, cuadros expuestos y demás características. La ficha de cada exposición se acompaña de los fragmentos de la crítica que he juzgado más interesantes.
En el apartado Testimonios se encuentran las declaraciones de la pintora y las entrevistas concedidas por ella, así como artículos y poesías dé los diferentes autores que escribieron sobre su personalidad y su obra.
Para la confección del Cuerpo bibliográfico he procurado ceñirme lo más posible al ISBD (International Standard Bibliographical Description). Los asientos bibliográficos así redactados podrán imbricarse mas fácilmente con los que en el futuro conformarán la bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XX.
Pinzás, Ramos Fernando Mauricio. "La participación de combatientes peruanos en el bando republicano durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936 – 1939)". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9368.
Testo completoTesis
Bentivegna, Antonio Bentivegna. "Humorismo grafico y militancia durante la guerra civil española: La Ametralladora y L'Esquella de la Torratxa". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503077461471964.
Testo completoMastrorilli, Edoardo. "Violenza e guerra civile spagnola: l’intervento dell’Italia fascista". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665752.
Testo completoThis research relates to Italian historiography on war crimes, initially focused on colonial wars, especially the fascist ones (the taking back of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica and the invasion of Ethiopia), during the years the attention moved on the wars of aggressions declared in Europe by Mussolini’s regime. The invasion and occupation of Greece and Yugoslavia, the intervention in the war against the Soviet Union have been object of meticulous investigations by Italian and non-Italian researchers, allowing to shed light on conduct of leading authorities and troops employed in the operations. The development of this area of studies was not easy, having to face the “good Italian” myth, deeply embedded in popular culture and in most part of Italian politics and society. Nevertheless, these investigations had the merit to create a gap in the usual narration of Italian wars, revealing the brutality of deportation in Cyrenaica, the employment of gases in Ethiopia, the ruthless retaliations in the Balkans during World War II. Mostly confined to academic circles, however they had the strength to draw the attention of civil society. In this area of studies I thought it could be of interest a research work dealing with the intervention in Spanish Civil War in support of the rebels. The conflict unleashed in July 1936 was a turning point for the events that started with Hitler’s rise to power, foreshadowing in part the system of alliances of World War II, with Fascist powers opposed to liberal democracies and Soviet Union. Italian and German intervention revived a failed golpe, converting it into a bloody conflict that became one of the milestones of the “European Civil War”. When Italian and German violations of Non-Intervention Agreement became blatant United Kingdom decided not to oppose them, only caring to have assurances that all Italian forces would have left the Balearic Island at the end of Spanish Civil War. Fascist intervention in Spain, with the only exception of the participation in the invasion of URSS, was probably the military campaign with the strongest ideological issues in which Regio Esercito and Fascist Milizia took part. In Spanish Civil War the men of the Corpo Truppe Volontarie and of the Aviazione Legionaria faced the alliance of Spanish left-wing parties and of the anti-fascists came to defend the Republic. The Duce used ideology to explain his involvement in the conflict, stating that it was mandatory to avoid the establishment of a Soviet puppet in the Mediterranean. If this was to happen it would have caused a great menace for Italy’s safety and, above all, for the regime itself. It’s for the peculiarities of Spanish Civil War and its great number of interpretations that I thought it could be of interest carrying out a research project on Fascist Italy’s intervention and its various features. The aim is seeking if there is a common thread in the way regime’s authorities, military staff and soldiers faced the violence that defined the conflict tearing apart Spain from 1936 to 1939. Were they mere spectators? Did they ease or exacerbate the tensions? Was their behaviour different from other Fascist wars? To give answers to those questions the investigation has been based on research monographs, papers, memoirs and on a work of research carried out in Italian, Spanish and Vatican archives. The conclusions will try to work a synthesis of what described in the single chapters to give an interpretation of Fascist intervention as a whole and of how it related to the use of violence during the Spanish Civil War, seeking to compare it with other military campaigns of the regime.
Lopez, Soriano Maria Jesus. "¿PERO TÚ QUÉ TE HAS CREÍDO, QUE LA GUERRA ES UNA BROMA? LA SERIEDAD DEL HUMOR EN DIFERENTES REPRESENTACIONES CULTURALES DE LA GUERRA CIVIL ESPAÑOLA". UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/25.
Testo completoDelp, Lindsay R. "La Guerra Civil Española: Un Estudio de La Literatura Como Un Mecanismo de Recuperar La Memoria Colectiva". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/60.
Testo completoFantuz, Marta <1987>. "Las últimas palabras: Traducción y análisis de cartas de condenados a muerte durante la Guerra Civil española". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1534.
Testo completoGoméz, Josefa Buendia. "De mujeres, palomas, y guerra: gritos y silencios en \'La plaza del diamante\' de Mercè Rodoreda". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-08082007-154413/.
Testo completoEste trabalho apresenta uma análise da obra La Plaza del Diamante, de Mercè Rodoreda. A partir da protagonista Natalia, sujeito feminino construído na novela, descobrimos marcas da vida de mulheres na Guerra Civil Espanhola. Como leitora sentimos o desafio e a oportunidade de poder colocar conteúdo nas indeterminações e vazios oferecidos pelo texto, a partir de nosso próprio repertório, uma vez que o processo de leitura ajuda a descobrir as possibilidades do texto e oferece elementos para novas transformações e ajustes. A análise está situada dentro da crítica literária feminista, fazendo uso do gênero, como categoria analítica que desvela como a construção de discursos e a criação de símbolos e de estruturas instituem a inferiorização, subordinação e exclusão das mulheres dos espaços de poder, nos diferentes campos do conhecimento, entre os que se encontra a literatura. Dentre as instituições responsáveis pelas relações hierárquicas, que se estabelecem entre homens e mulheres, encontra-se o sistema de guerra. É aí que se determinam os papéis e funções entre os sexos. A relação que, no texto, se estabelece entre pombas e guerra, ajuda a desvendar as hipocrisias e ambigüidades existentes no sistema bélico. O uso e a manipulação de discursos e símbolos religiosos contribuem, também, para a subordinação e submissão das mulheres, tanto no espaço familiar como no espaço social
Catalá, Carrasco Jorge L. "Vanguardia y humorismo gráfico en crisis : la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939) y la Revolución Cubana (1958-1961)". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14400/.
Testo completoAronica, Daniela. "La mirada fascista sobre la guerra civil española: noticiarios y documentales italianos entre historia y propaganda (1936-1943)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/316024.
Testo completoL’insurrezione armata di Franco riuscì in parte grazie al sostegno materiale e ideologico dell’Italia fascista e della Germania nazista. Quanto accadde in Spagna continuò ad avere ripercussioni sullo scacchiere geopolitico europeo negli anni immediatamente successivi alla guerra civile. Donde l’interesse ad approfondire i rapporti tra tali paesi durante ma anche dopo il conflitto. In questa tesi lo facciamo dal punto di vista italiano. Il che colloca il nostro discorso tra il 18 luglio 1936, quando Franco insorse contro il governo legittimo, e il 25 luglio 1943, quando Mussolini fu deposto. Un meticoloso ed esaustivo lavoro di ricerca e catalogazione dei materiali audiovisivi, nonché la ricostruzione della loro storia produttiva, in stretta interconnessione con il contesto politico-militare dell’epoca, sono stati condizione previa per un esame rigoroso del contributo del cinema non-fictional prodotto dall’Italia di Mussolini a una storia culturale della guerra civile, da un lato; e al dibattito propriamente storiografico, dall’altro. A tale scopo abbiamo dovuto indagare il funzionamento della macchina della propaganda cinematografica fascista sul terreno: i problemi di organizzazione, lo sforzo tecnico ed economico necessario a garantire la copertura della guerra, la questione ricorrente dell’attribuzione delle competenze, i conflittuali rapporti tra le autorità politico-militari italiane e quelle del bando nazionale, gli interventi della censura sia italiana sia spagnola su documentari e notiziari. Ricostruire tale intreccio nella sua complessità ha richiesto un considerevole sforzo di ricognizione di informazioni in emeroteche ed archivi amministrativi, diplomatici e militari. Sono stati altresì scandagliati i fondi cartacei dell’ Istituto Luce e studiati diari, lettere e memorie dei protagonisti. Tutto è stato scrupolosamente confrontato con i film dei due corpora presi in esame: cinegiornali e notiziari. La manipolazione intrinseca a ogni discorso mitico – e quello della propaganda lo è per definizione – ormai non è più di ostacolo a un uso del cinema come fonte primaria, purché l’analisi relativa si svolga con una metodologia coerente con il medium e con strumenti propri della disciplina. Questa era la sfida che ci eravamo posti: studiare l’impiego del dispositivo cinematografico nel processo di creazione dell’universo simbolico in cui la propaganda fascista inscrisse la guerra civile. Ciò ha voluto dire riflettere sulla rappresentazione audiovisualizzata del reale, sulla risemantizzazione delle immagini proprie e del nemico attraverso le pratiche di ricontestualizzazione e risonorizzazione, sull’alterazione tendenziosa del profilmico volta a dare al racconto propagandistico un maggior grado di veridicità e credibilità. Il risultado è uno studio che propone una lettura incrociata su come la storia condizioni il cinema e il cinema, a sua volta, (ri)scriva la storia.
Francisco Franco’s uprising succeeded also thanks to material and ideological support from fascist Italy and nazi Germany. The consequences of the Spanish Civil War would cause a geopolitical ripple effect across Europe in the years immediately following the conflict; one that calls for a close examination of the relationships between those countries during and after the war. This thesis approaches the issue from the Italian perspective thus determining the related time frame under scrutiny here as the period comprised between 18 July 1936 – which marks the beginning of Franco’s military rising against the legally elected Republican government – and 25 July 1943, when Benito Mussolini was demoted from power and arrested. The methodology adopted includes thorough and comprehensive research and cataloguing of audiovisual materials as well as a detailed reconstruction of their production histories in close relationship with the political and military context of the time. Such an approach allowed for a rigorous investigation of how, on the one hand, non-fictional cinema produced by Mussolini’s Italy contributed to the making of a cultural history of the Civil War; and to a proper historiographic debate, on the other. To this purpose I have investigated the workings of fascist propaganda cinema on the field: that is, organizational issues, technical and economic efforts that were necessary to guarantee adequate coverage of the war, the recurrent issue of the attribution of competences, the conflicted relationships between the political and military authorities of both countries and, eventually, censorship intervention both in Italy and in Spain that affected documentaries and newsreels. In order to reconstruct such a complex web of relationships among all the above-mentioned components, I have traced sources in periodicals libraries as well as in archives held at administrative, diplomatic and military institutions. I have also examined printed materials in the fund collections of the Istituto Luce as well as diaries, correspondence and memoirs of actual protagonists of the events described. All such materials have been rigorously analysed and collated with films from both corpora indentified in the thesis. By definition, propaganda aims to produce a mythic narrative: the intrinsic manipulation that any such narrative entails should no longer prevent us from using cinema as a primary source provided that the proposed analysis be guided by a methodology that is consistent with the medium and by tools that are appropriate for the undertaken discipline of study. Thus, the primary task of this research project was to examine the role and use of cinema (both the films and the apparatus) in the creative process of the symbolic universe within which the Civil War was inscribed by fascist propaganda. This task led me to reflect on a number of core issues: the audiovisualized representation of the real; the resemanticization of images – both one’s own and the enemy’s – through instances of recontextualization and dubbing (of sound); the biased alteration of the profilmic aimed at charging the propaganda tale with a higher degree of veracity and believability. As a result, this study proposes a comparative reading of ways in which history may influence cinema making and, vice versa, of how cinema attempts to (re)write history.
Muñoz, Rodríguez Julio David. "Felipe V y cien mil murcianos. Movilización social y cambio político en la Corona de Castilla durante la Guerra de Sucesión (1680-1725)". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10900.
Testo completoAmong the conclusions of this doctoral thesis, we would like to highlight three of them, which we think are the most important. Firstly, the War of Spanish Succession was the scenery of an intense social mobility, which took place because of mechanisms which were not strange to the Castilian population. The continuity of the instruments used for decades before is obvious, being the most outstanding difference the intensity used in that occasion.Secondly, and connected to the previous idea, the involvement of society in the war is a consequence of the constraints imposed by the monarch's local agents. In the borderline of the kingdom of Murcia we can observe a large increase of the monarchy representatives, as well as a military presence not found to that level until then. It is true that not all of them survived after the end of the war, but it developed a kind of relationship between the Crown and its subjects which was maintained in the following administrative reforms.Finally, we can verify that the Bourbon reformism was not as innovative as historiography has intended to show. Philip V used mechanisms which had been tried out time ago; the only new element was the intensity which employed to defeat the defenders of the Archduke. The absolutism of the Bourbon monarchs during the 18th century was born of the collaboration between the king and his subjects, which had been carried out in the previous century, and, especially, in the mystical nature of the War of Spanish Succession. The old traditions were more remarkable than the originalities in the dynastic change
Melgoza, Sánchez Carlos Yeshua. "El antisocialismo eclesial a través de la revista Acción de la Asociación Católica de la Juventud Mexicana (ACJM) en Toluca, 1938-1941". Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autonoma del estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/80296.
Testo completoA partir de la aparición de la encíclica Rerum Novarum, de León XIII en 1891, se motivó la participación social directa de los seglares dentro de los campos sociales en los que se desarrollaban, permitiendo así la aparición de asociaciones y organizaciones dirigidas por estos mismos, muchas de ellas, bajo la inspiración de los clérigos y religiosos. En la ciudad de Toluca México la Asociación Católica de la Juventud Mexicana (ACJM) conformó la Revista Acción. Desde la revista fue construida una campaña antisocialista que intentaba mostrar las consecuencias del socialismo en el mundo.
Le-Blanc, Soto Nicole. "La construcción de la memoria colectiva de la Guerra Civil Española en la narrativa de posmemoria de Alberto Méndez". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114382.
Testo completoEn los últimos años del siglo XX, y espcialmente,en el recién comenzado siglo XXI el tema de la memoria colectiva de la Guerra Civil Española ha experimentado un auge espectacular en todas las áreas de estudio de la humanidades. En el ámbito literario español, el que nos interesa para efectos de este trabajo, han proliferado las narraciones que abordan el tema de la Guerra Civil y el franquismo, lo que demuestra la necesidad de los españoles de recuperar la memoria colectiva de un pasado importante en su historia que fue condenado al olvido durante mucho tiempo.
Samper, Cerdán María. "Memoria histórica y autoficción en la narrativa de Jordi Soler". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/69952.
Testo completoMarullo, Maria Chiara. "Las tendencias internacionales en tema de Jurisdicción Universal y la Experiencia Española". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397709.
Testo completoIn terms of global justice and to overcome the difficulties of the international criminal system, it must be understood that the different instruments that compose it, are complementary and necessary in fighting against impunity. Among them, an important role has been played by the principle of universal jurisdiction, creating alternative forums, in some cases forum necessitatis, to assert the rights of victims of torture, war crimes and crimes against humanity. However, due to the contradiction between the universality of its mission and the particularity of the political interests of sovereign states, which provide the legal framework for its implementation, this principle has passed by and passes through significant ups and downs showing that this type of jurisdiction is still characterized by its complexity and the existence of several problems concerning its application.
García, García Antonio. "Un Dilema imperial: criollos o peninsulares en el gobierno virreinal: Estudio de la incidencia de la venalidad en la Real Audiencia de México (1701-1725)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/308135.
Testo completoThis thesis studies how during the Succession War Philip V’s government overcame the obstacles that prevented the appointment of the creoles for a crucial institution in the government of the New World, the Royal Audience of Mexico. It is explained how the Crown defended the financial discourse, the “public necessity”, to achieve a political aim: the American involvement in the government of the viceroyalty. Thus, the royal authority imposed on American and peninsular institutions interested in maintaining the creoles’ ostracism. The legal form of the royal donation of the public offices was changed when grace was instituted on mercy. The Americans offered more guarantees than the metropolitans to apply a more efficient colonial policy, in accordance with the autonomy ensured by the Indian right. At the end of the conflict, the opposite view to the appointment of the creoles in the Mexican audience was established through the general visit of Francisco Garzarón. The American reaction soon emerged with Juan Antonio de Ahumada, a Mexican trial court lawyer, through a representation addressed viii to the monarch in which the legal rights that protected the creoles were reclaimed as well as the political benefits that they provided to the Crown.
Arroyo, Jiménez Lorna Beatriz. "Documentalismo técnico en la Guerra Civil española. Inicios del fotoperiodismo moderno en relación a la obra fotográfica de Gerda Taro". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/37917.
Testo completoGonzález, Guarro Berta. "Lo que esconden las palabras : Unidad, ideología y discurso en carteles republicanos de la Guerra Civil Española editados en 1937". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Romanska språk, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323970.
Testo completoQuintana, Román Diego. ""¡No pasarán!": el rol del Partido Comunista de Chile en el Movimiento Antifascista de Solidaridad con la República Española (1936-1939)". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168021.
Testo completoLópez, Gómez Lidia. "La composición musical para el cine en la guerra civil española. Música, política y propaganda en cortometrajes y mediometrajes (1936-1939)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/314173.
Testo completoDuring the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), republican ant national film creators continued making films, news and documentaries, which today are one of the most important sources for the study of this period. Film production on both ideological sides during the war years was characterized by the predominance of political interests above artistic or cultural ones, so the films and the music composed for them were placed at the service of war. This research analyzes the music composed for the short and half-length films produced in Spain during the Spanish Civil War by establishing a new analytical proposal that provides an interdisciplinary overview of the music composed for the screen and the propaganda policies and circumstances that surrounded the audiovisual creation. The first part of the study consists of a contextualized investigation of audiovisual productions and the cultural situation of music during the war years. The second part is an analysis of the uses and functions of music in the different audiovisual productions documented and contextualized in the previous section (movies and documentaries), focused on the propaganda and semiotic uses, also studying the methodology, resources and procedures by which it was created. Thus, this analysis shows how are used different musical structures, or even hymns and traditional folk songs in order to reinforce the construction of a national identity sound, and how the music gives unity to the films while it defends and promotes a concrete ideology.
Pociello, Sampériz Ana. "EL DESPERTAR DE LAS VOCES DORMIDAS: LA MEMORIA EN CUATRO NOVELAS SOBRE MUJERES EN LA GUERRA CIVIL ESPAÑOLA Y LA POSGUERRA". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/20.
Testo completoFerré, Panisello M. Teresa. "Agustí Centelles i Ossó (1909–1985), de la jove promesa del fotoperiodisme als anys trenta fins al mite unívoc del fotògraf de la Guerra Civil construït durant la Transició". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672051.
Testo completoEl objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral ha sido trazar la biografía profesional del fotógrafo Agustí Centelles Ossó (1909-1985). Una carrera extensa que, globalmente, se desarrolló durante casi medio siglo: desde los años veinte del siglo pasado hasta finales de la década de los 70. Centelles culminó su carrera como fotoperiodista y se convirtió en referente durante la Guerra Civil española. Posteriormente se transformó en documentalista mientras estaba detenido en el campo de concentración de Bram en 1939, experiencia de la que dejó un legado fotográfico excepcional en la visualización del sistema concentracionario francés. A partir de los años 40 se dedicó durante décadas a la fotografía industrial y publicitaria en la Barcelona franquista. La singularidad del personaje ha permitido llevar a cabo una investigación basada en una aproximación multidimensional a la Historia. Historia del Fotoperiodismo local e internacional, Historia de la Publicidad, Historia social y cultural de la Segunda República, el Franquismo y la Transición a partir de la reconstrucción biográfica del fotógrafo. Un diálogo entre la Microhistoria y la Macrohistoria planteado desde un marco teórico interdisciplinar que hace una interpretación crítica de su obra.
The main aim of this doctoral thesis has been to trace the professional biography of the photographer Agustí Centelles Ossó (1909-1985). An extensive career that, globally, lasted for almost half a century: from the 1920s to the 1970s. Centelles culminated his career as a photojournalist and became a powerful professional during the Spanish Civil War. Later, he became a photodocumentalist while he was detained in the Bram concentration camp in 1939, an experience of which he left an exceptional photographic legacy in the visualization of the French concentration camps. From the 1940s on, he devoted himself for decades to Industrial and Advertising Photography in Franco’s Barcelona. The uniqueness of the character has allowed to develop a research based on a multidimensional approach to History. History of local and international Photojournalism, History of Advertising, Social and Cultural History of the Second Republic, the Francoism and the transition to democracy from the biographical reconstruction of the photographer. A dialogue between Microhistory and Macrohistory raised from an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that makes a critical interpretation of his work.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Mitjans, Comunicació i Cultura
Clavijo, i. Ledesma Juli. "La política sobre la població refugiada durant la Guerra Civil 1936-1939". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7835.
Testo completoLes primeres ja les podem constatar en nombrosos episodis bíblics o durant la construcció del vell imperi romà. Tanmateix, ha estat a la nostra època quan les deportacions han tingut un abast més dissortat. D'una banda l'anomenada "neteja ètnica" ha implicat, com a primer pas abans de l'extermini d'una comunitat, el seu trasllat a guetos i el posterior desplaçament als camps de concentració. Tals foren els casos de les minories jueva i gitana sota el terror nazi. D'altra banda, hem pogut veure la deportació de col·lectius socials com a càstig per mantenir una determinada actitud davant el poder; el paradigma més tràgic ha estat la dels kulaks de l'antiga Unió Soviètica durant la dictadura estalinista. Finalment, en aquests moments, estem assistint als Balcans a l'enquistament d'un conflicte una de les causes del qual fou la pretensió de crear espais ètnics "purs", per a la qual cosa s'ha obligat la comunitat minoritària a fugir a un altre territori amb la pressió de les armes.
La guerra civil de 1936-1939 és el primer conflicte europeu en què apareix la necessitat de traslladar un gran nombre de persones davant del perill que representen els combats. El fet de produir-se en una guerra civil en ple segle XX li dóna una dimensió pròpia, i també que els governs hagin de dissenyar i aplicar unes polítiques d'assistència, de les quals, tal com ja s'ha dit, no existien precedents.
The spanish civil war (1936-1939) was the first european war where a great number people were moved from their homes.
We must distinguish between refugees and evacuated people. While the refugees people didn't have wealth, some evacuated people (public officials, Madrid people) who were trasnferred to Valencia, Barcelona, did.
The number of refugees caugh up with 1.800.000, and the evacuated 1.200.000. Two organisations paid attention to the refugees and evacuated: the "Comité Nacional de Refugiados", and the "Comitè Central d'Ajut als refugiats", but, both organisations delegated soon to the town Councils their responsability.
The town Councils gave food, accommodations in the refugee and evacuated people, during the war.
Many building were used to accommodate the refugees and evacuated: schools, chrches, hotels, cinemas, convents, monasteries, etc. Also, they werw accommodated in private homes.
Clavijo, Ledesma Julio. "La política sobre la població refugiada durant la Guerra Civil 1936-1939". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7835.
Testo completoThe spanish civil war (1936-1939) was the first european war where a great number people were moved from their homes.We must distinguish between refugees and evacuated people. While the refugees people didn't have wealth, some evacuated people (public officials, Madrid people) who were trasnferred to Valencia, Barcelona, did.The number of refugees caugh up with 1.800.000, and the evacuated 1.200.000. Two organisations paid attention to the refugees and evacuated: the "Comité Nacional de Refugiados", and the "Comitè Central d'Ajut als refugiats", but, both organisations delegated soon to the town Councils their responsability.The town Councils gave food, accommodations in the refugee and evacuated people, during the war.Many building were used to accommodate the refugees and evacuated: schools, chrches, hotels, cinemas, convents, monasteries, etc. Also, they werw accommodated in private homes.
Moran, Gimeno Neus. "El CADCI. Guerra i memòria espoliada (1936-1939)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666878.
Testo completoThe research focusses on the analysis of the CADCI, Centre Autonomista de Dependents del Comerç i de la Indústria- Entitat Obrera (Autonomic Centre of Dependents of Commerce and Industry– Workers Organization), during the civil war. From its founding in 1903, the organization expressed the national route of labour vindication for mercantile workers. Its strategy evolved along with the demands of its dependants, increasingly proletarianized and aware of belonging to the working class. Beginning in the thirties, the carrying out of pioneering measures for the sector and the increase in prestige of the organization, put CADCI at the head of the Catalan mercantile organisations. This activity coupled with its participation in the insurrection of the 6th of October, led to the centre reinforcing its role within the anti-fascist workers movement. As a result, during the war, the organisation would have thousands of members and at one point it was considered it could become the third union federation. An analysis of its war effort allows us to confirm this relevance and study the multiplicity of functions carried out in order to attend to workers on the frontline as well as in the rear-guard. An in-depth study of the history of CADCI allows us to analyse the reasons for it suffering the triple Francoist repression carried out on the organisation, its associates and its headquarters. The military appropriation of the building, located at Rambla de Santa Mónica number 10, was carried out on the 26th of January 1939, immediately following the occupation of Barcelona. A few weeks later it was searched by the DERD (State Delegation for Document Recovery). Part of the documentation taken is what makes up the content restored to the organisation between 2008 and 2014, by application of the law 21/2005, from the CDMH (Historical Memory Documentary Centre) in Salamanca. These 1213 catalogued items are the documentary base of this investigation. The headquarters has not been returned. Its history motivates and structures a good part of the research. Through its four forced shutdown we study the evolution of the centre, its increase in popular support and the strengthening of its networks that were key to it surviving periods in the underground. At the same time, we analyse the precedents of the repressive action and the resignification process of the building that was consolidated as a place of commemoration and a symbol of the anti-fascist resistance during the war. The research looks at the implications of recovering it as a site of memory and history. For this purpose, a series of interventions are proposed for this space that houses the multiplicity of stories of the history of the Catalan labour movement.
Gómez, Álvarez Ernesto Jesús. "Nacionalismo y Revolución: Estudio comparado sobre la participación de los partidos comunistas español y mexicano en dos procesos históricos contemporáneos:La Guerra Civil Española y la construcción del Estado corporativo mexicano". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401284.
Testo completoThe main objective of this research thesis is to conduct, through the comparative method, an analysis of the politics of the Spanish and Mexican Communist parties, as sections of the International Communist, during two contemporary historical processes of great importance for these countries: the Spanish Civil War and the construction of the Mexican corporate state that had its consolidation under President Lázaro Cardenas. To achieve the aforementioned, it was necessary to define the concept of Revolution for both parties, from the theoretical shifts of the International Communist; and to conduct a comparative analysis of the common aspects that explain the transition from a Socialist Revolution to the National Revolution under the fight program of Spanish and Mexican communists during the decade of the thirties of the twentieth century. Likewise, it is analyzed the transformation of both organizations of the Leninist party model of disciplined cadres and leading to mass parties, influenced by the policy of the International Communist and the internal contradictions of the Soviet Union, in the historical moment of the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and of the reformist and nationalist politics of Cárdenas, specifying the dependence of the Spanish Communist Party and the Mexican Communist Party into the International Communist, and therefore, to the policy of collective security of the Soviet Union. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the historiography on the Spanish and Mexican Communism during the period under study. The second chapter is a description of the commonalities in the historical development of Spain and Mexico during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the third chapter it is examined the international situation of the interwar period, which analyzes the significance of the triumph of the Bolshevik Revolution in shaping a Europe divided by the consequences of World War I, between two ideologies that are going to be players in this period: nationalism and revolution. In the fourth chapter, a comparative analysis of the early years of both parties, until the turn of the VII Congress of the International Communist in 1935 is presented. Finally, in the fifth and final chapter, it is discussed the origin and nature of the policy pursued by both parties during the Spanish Civil War and the Cárdenas regime
González-Cuevas, Labella José Antonio. "Res publica panhispánica. Esfera de influencia española en América: Una reformulación del espacio hispano al principio del Sexenio Democrático (1868-1870)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667527.
Testo completoWhen general Prim rose to the highest ranks of the Spanish government, in June of 1869, he had to resolve various urgent issues, one of which, was most pressing for its complexity, the colonial issue. Cuba was engaged in a grueling war, since October of 1868, between Cuban independists and the Spanish national army. The issue with Cuba was not simply about a victory or the defeat of Spanish arms, the future of Cuba was dependent upon additional issues, like slavery and free trade. Prim, influenced by his progressive political views, his convictions about freemasonry and the example of England, he wanted to resolve it and demonstrate that he was able to accept, under certain circumstances, the island´s independence. However, and above all, he did it because he envisioned a great opportunity for Spanish influence on the latin American continent, inconceivable until the resolution of the Cuban conflict.
Bocanegra, Barbecho Lidia. "El Fin de la Guerra Civil española y el exilio republicano: visiones y prácticas de la sociedad argentina a través de la prensa. El caso de Mar del Plata, 1939". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83641.
Testo completoA favor de la causa republicana estuvo mayoritariamente la sociedad argentina, sin embargo el gobierno se salvaguardó detrás de una política de prescindencia con respecto a la misma, primero, y de reconocimiento del nuevo gobierno español después, encubriendo una conducta conservadora que apoyaba la causa nacional. El conflicto español fue uno de los sucesos que mayormente impactó en la sociedad y política argentina fragmentando partidos, produciendo escisiones en los Centros regionales y haciendo que el gobierno adoptara medias opresoras a la oposición, además de restringir las políticas migratorias. El refugiado republicano pasó a convertirse en un refugiado indeseable. Primero fue la guerra civil, después fue el exilio provocando que la sociedad hispano-argentina intensificara todo un sistema de ayudas que habían estado agilizando desde el inicio mismo de la contienda, a través de centenares de organizaciones y comités de auxilio pro-republicanos. La prensa bonaerense y de Mar del Plata, independiente o de partido, a través de su rol como actriz política y creadora de opinión pública no fue indiferente al evento español.
Favourable to the republican cause was the Argentinean society, however the government initially chose an abstention’s position and than recognized the new Spanish government, hiding a conservative policy supporting the national cause. The Spanish conflict was one of the events that most had an influence on the Argentinean society and politics dividing parties and Regional Centres. The government passed measures against any possible political extremism and limited the migration policies, as far as possible. Therefore the republican refugees became undesirable exiles. First the Civil War and then the exile pressed the Spanish-Argentinean society to create, and intensify, a system of assistance working through hundreds of pro-republican organizations and committees. The press of Buenos Aires and Mar del Plata, independent or not, through its role as political actor and creator of public opinion was not indifferent to the Spanish event.
Hervas, Puyal Carlos. "Sanitat a Catalunya durant la República i la Guerra Civil". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7467.
Testo completoL'aixecament militar del 18 de juliol de 1936 obre un nou capítol durant el qual tots els elements de la vida del país i la seva gent es veuen trasbalsats pels efectes de la guerra. Dos fenòmens alteren l'aparell sanitari: les conseqüències dels fets bèl·lics modifiquen les necessitats habituals i la politització de les seves estructures transforma l'organització.
El període de la Guerra Civil es divideix en tres etapes cronològiques. La primera comprèn des de l'inici de l'aixecament el juliol del 36 fins al mes d'octubre del mateix any, quan els anarcosindicalistes entren a formar part d'un nou govern de concentració. S'estudia principalment el paper del Comitè Sanitari de Milicies Antifeixistes i la resposta de la Conselleria de Sanitat davant del "nou ordre". La segona etapa s'estén des de l'octubre de 1936 fins als mes de maig de 1937, data que marca la fi de l'hegemonia anarquista. L'actuació del metge Félix Marti Ibáñez, Director general del Departament, i el paper del Consell de Sanitat de Guerra omplen el capìtol. La tercera etapa recull la darrera fase de la guerra a Catalunya, fins el mes de gener de 1939. La conselleria ha de fer front als problemes dels bombardeigs, dels refugiats, de la manca de queviures i de l'empitjorament de les condicions higièniques i sanitàries de la població. La progresiva militarització de la Sanitat es tradueix en la creació i ampliació de la xarxa d'Hospitals de Sang.
El final de la guerra, amb els problemes sanitaris dels civils i soldats que marxen cap a l'exili marca la fi de l'estudi.
En este trabajo se estudia la política y la organización sanitarias llevadas a cabo por el Gobierno de Cataluña durante el período que abarca desde la proclamación de la Segunda República en abril de 1931 hasta el final de la Guerra Civil a principios de 1939.
Durante los primeros años del régimen republicano, y tras unas primeras medidas de contenido circunstancial, la aprobación del Estatuto de Autonomía permite al gobierno catalán iniciar una discreta labor legislativa, que se verá interrumpida por los sucesivos cambios de orientación política. Destaca en este período el protagonismo del consejero Josep Dencàs.
El período de la Guerra Civil se divide en tres etapas cronológicas. Durante la primera (julio-octubre de 1936) se estudia principalmente el papel del Comité Sanitario de las Milicias Antifascistas y la respuesta de la Consejería de Sanidad ante el "nuevo orden". La segunda etapa (octubre 1936- mayo 1937) termina con el fin de la hegemonía anarquista. La actuación del médico Félix Martí Ibáñez, Director General de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, y el papel del Consejo de Sanidad de Guerra llenan este capítulo. Durante la tercera etapa (mayo 1937-enero 1939) la Consejería se enfrenta a los problemas que plantean los bombardeos aéreos, los refugiados, la falta de alimentos y el empeoramiento de las condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias de la población. Finalmente, la progresiva militarización de la Sanidad se traduce en la creación y ampliación de una extensa red de Hospitales destinados a acoger a los combatientes heridos y enfermos.
In this work we study the sanitary politic and organization developed by the Catalunya Government during the period between the proclamation of the Second Republic in Abril 1931 and the end of the Civil War at the beginning of 1939.
In the early stage of the Republican Régime, and after the first arrangements, the approval of the Autonomy Statute allowed the Catalan Government to start a reasonable legislative labour, which was often interrupt by the several political changes. To point up during this period the importance of the Councillor Josep Dencàs.
The Civil War Period is divided in three chronological stages. During the first stage ( July- October 1936) the role of the Sanitary Committee of the Antifascist Militia and the answer of the Health Ministry towards the 'new order' was studied.
The second stage ( October 1936- May 1937) finished with the end of the Anarchist hegemony. To remark the work of the doctor Felix Martí Ibañez, Sanitary and Welfare Managing Director, and the role of the Military Health Council
During the third stage ( May 1937- January 1939) the Ministry faced the problems of the raids, refugees, shortage of food and the deterioration of health and hygienic people conditions. Finally, the progressive militaritation of the Public Health led to the creation of a wide system of hospitals to assist wounded and sick people.
Precoma, Silvia <1988>. "El papel de la mujer en la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939): estudio comparativo entre novela y película de La Plaza del Diamante y Libertarias". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6745.
Testo completoVillalobos, Gina Aurora. "Memoria y trauma de la mujer durante la posguerra civil Española en la obra La voz dormida de Dulce Chacón". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6794.
Testo completoDueñas, Iturbe Oriol. "La gran destrucció. Els danys de guerra i la reconstrucció de Catalunya després de la Guerra Civil (1937-1957)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117599.
Testo completoGREAT DESTRUCTION. DAMAGE OF WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION CATALONIA AFTER THE CIVIL WAR (1937-1957) This paper is structured into two distinct parts. In the first part, focusing on the damage, explained as occurred during the war years the destruction of infrastructures in Catalonia. To have been brought up and answered the following questions: What was destroyed? What was the most damaged infrastructure? Who or what was responsible for this destruction? How, when and where they occur? And finally what looked to their annihilation? In this sense, in this first part, explained how the raids were the most responsible for the destruction of infrastructure Catalan ports, power stations, part of the rail system and to a lesser extent, bridges and roads. On the other hand, in this first part, explained how the Republican troops, especially from the beginning of the military occupation of Catalonia, were the authors of the destruction of most bridges the territory. These actions were tied to a defensive military tactical concept that sought to prevent the rebel advance and protect, while the Republican retreat. In the second part, explained how he carried out the reconstruction of these facilities once the war ended. As in the first part, other than explanations, have raised a series of questions to understand the actions reconstructive ran the dictatorship: What was rebuilt? Who or what was responsible for rebuilding? What difficulties were? How long and where to perform this reconstruction and whether it was important or not. All this has served to show that Catalonia was one of the areas of the state that suffered the most damage. The performance of the aviation infrastructure rebel Catalan subsequent destruction of hundreds of bridges during the Republican retreat left the country virtually devastated regarding communications. The subsequent dictatorship, through the Army, prisoners of war, the Devastated Regions and Public Works began a reconstruction, which due to the lack of specialized personnel, financial resources and autarkic economic policy, that deprived the country of many materials, lasted until almost twenty years since the end of the war.
Puig, Vallverdú Guillem. "LA PAGESIA I LA SEVA REVOLUCIÓ. Una anàlisi sobre la conflictivitat i el canvi a la rereguarda catalana durant la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669300.
Testo completoEsta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la colectivización agraria durante la Guerra Civil española. Cataluña es el marco elegido para estudiar este fenómeno resultante de la demolición del poder dominante debido al fracaso del golpe de estado y la aparición de multiplicidad de poderes atomizados. El estudio de la violencia, como parte constitutiva y definitoria del ejercicio del poder, se destaca en esta investigación dada su importancia en el nuevo marco en el que se desarrolló la colectivización. Esta investigación doctoral estudia las actitudes sociales de la población, en particular de aquellos que vivían con las colectividades y expresaron su apoyo y sus oposiciones. Vinculado con esto, y teniendo en cuenta que el espacio agrícola es el marco de análisis elegido para llevar a cabo esta investigación, los procesos de politización y movilización del campesinado tienen una relevancia principal para esta investigación con el objetivo de desarrollar los paradigmas interpretativos que la estudian. En resumen, comprender cómo se interrelacionó la cultura política del campesinado con la de las clases populares urbanas. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es estudiar la vida cotidiana de las colectividades para ver los cambios y las continuidades generadas por la nueva organización, así como cuál fue su extensión territorial y cuáles fueron sus principales garantes. Se le ha dedicado una atención especial en esta investigación a la participación indiscutible de la CNT al proceso de colectivización de la tierra. Sin embargo, la organización anarcosindicalista no fue la única que participó, no lo hizo sola y, por lo tanto, a lo largo de esta investigación doctoral, el papel adoptado por las diferentes formaciones antifascistas a lo largo del proceso revolucionario y cómo se relacionaron entre sí tiene un papel fundamental. En resumen, este trabajo es un estudio conjunto de las colectividades agrarias en Cataluña analizadas dentro de su propio contexto social, económico, político y cultural, atendiendo a sus promotores y los horizontes que estaban dispuestos a alcanzar. Todo esto para contribuir a una mejor comprensión del estudio de la retaguardia republicana española y, más específicamente, al compromiso revolucionario que algunos estaban construyendo mientras duró la Guerra Civil.
This PhD dissertation aims to analyse the development of agrarian collectivisation during the Spanish Civil War. Catalonia is the framework chosen to study this phenomenon, which resulted from the demolition of the dominant power due to the failure of the coup d’etat and the emergence of multiplicity of atomized powers. The study of violence, as a constitutive and defining part of the exercise of power, stands out in this research given its importance in the new framework in which collectivisation developed. In relation to which one, this doctoral research studies the social attitudes of the population, in particular of those who lived within the communities and expressed their support and their oppositions. In addition, since the agricultural space is the framework of analysis chosen for this research, the processes of politicisation and mobilisation of the peasantry are of great relevance for this study in order to develop new and multicausal interpretative paradigms. In short, to grasp how the political culture of the peasantry interrelated with those of the urban popular classes. The objective of this doctoral thesis is also to study the daily life of the communities. This allows to discern the changes and continuities generated by the new organisation, as well as to define its territorial extension and main guarantors. A particular attention has been given to the undisputed participation of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo as the principal driving force behind the process of collectivisation of land. However, the anarcho-syndicalist organisation was not the only one that participated in those processes. Therefore, the role adopted by the different anti-fascist formations throughout the revolutionary process and their interrelations have been also thoroughly analysed. In brief, this dissertation is a joint study of the agrarian collectivities in Catalonia analysed within their own social, economic, political and cultural context, attending to their drivers, and the horizons they were willing to reach. All this aims to contribute to a better understanding of the study of the Spanish Republican rearguard and, more specifically, to the revolutionary commitment that some were building while the Spanish Civil War lasted.
Martínez, Robles David. "La participación española en el proceso de penetración occidental en China: 1840-1870". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7466.
Testo completoA mediados de siglo XIX España era una nación en crisis y carecía de los recursos necesarios para tomar parte activa en las acciones occidentales en China. No obstante, su presencia en territorio chino le permitió implicarse de manera indirecta en acontecimientos capitales como las guerras del opio o la Rebelión de los Taiping, negociar en términos similares a los empleados por otros países como la Gran Bretaña o Francia por la obtención de un tratado; e incluso un agente español fue escogido por el Zongli yamen para actuar como representante del gobierno chino en un país europeo.
The main focus of this dissertation is the relationship between China and Spain in the context of the process of foreign penetration in China from the signature of the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) to the end of 1860s. Spain was a minor actor in this process, but her relations with the Chinese empire demonstrate that some of the classical historiographical approaches are too narrow and restricted.
In the 19th century, Spain was a nation in crisis and it lacked the resources to take a leading role in the Western imperial actions in China. Nevertheless, the Spanish presence in China allowed that country to get indirectly involved in major events like the Opium Wars or the Taiping Rebellion; Spain also became embroiled in the negotiations for a treaty in the same terms than those used for imperial powers like Great Britain; and still a Spaniard was chosen by the Zongli yamen to act as a representative of the Chinese government in a European country.
Mendes, Patrícia Dal’moro. "O feminino na luta antifranquista e a memória nos romances La voz dormida e Las trece rosas". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3377.
Testo completoMade available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T17:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 PATRÍCIA DAL’MORO MENDES.pdf: 1005126 bytes, checksum: 9418c774ba77bd294201e066e8a2c46e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22
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La Guerra Civil española fue un facto histórico impactante para el pueblo español. Oficialmente tuvo duración entre los años de 1936 a 1939, pero, el desfecho de esta guerra tuvo consecuencias que perduraran de forma contundente durante décadas, llegando a la actualidad. Posteriormente la década de 1990, no solo el periodo de guerra, pero también el de posguerra pasó a ser continuamente representado por medio de la ficción literaria e de la ficción fílmica como épocas violentas. Las novelas Las trece rosas (2003), de Jesús Ferrero, y La voz dormida (2002), de Dulce Chacón, retratan mujeres que luchaban contra el nuevo gobierno en el período de posguerra, cuando se instauró la dictadura franquista (1939-1975). La representación de las mujeres que lucharon activamente durante estos períodos fue silenciado durante mucho tiempo, pero las dos obras estudiadas por este trabajo procuran evidenciar el papel de las mujeres mientras participes de la historia española. Esta pesquisa pretende discutir la importancia de la representación femenina de esas obras en la construcción de la memoria de la lucha antifranquista en la Guerra Civil Española y en el Franquismo, a partir de la ficionalización de la historia. Nuestro objetivo es reflejar a respecto de la representación femenina en la lucha antifranquista a través de las novelas La voz dormida y Las trece rosas. Para tanto, utilizaremos el método comparativo entre la teoría y los textos literarios. Las teorías que auxilian nuestra pesquisa son relacionadas a la Historia de la Guerra Civil española, traída principalmente por el autor Martin Blinkhorn (1994); a la memoria, para reflejar sobre ese asunto traeremos diversos autores, sin embargo los que más se destacan son Pierre Nora (1981), Aleida Assmann (2011), Maurice Halbwachs (2004) y Jacques Le Goff (1990); también teorías que discuten la participación y la lucha por derechos de la mujer en la lucha antifranquista, discusiones hechas principalmente pela autora Mary Nash (1999). Por intermedio de los estudios comparativos entre los textos teóricos y los literarios comprendemos que la representación de la mujer en la literatura es importante para el entendimiento de cómo las mujeres eran apreciadas pela sociedad de los años de la posguerra Civil en España. Durante mucho tiempo ellas tuvieron derechos sociales anulados y su representatividad literaria fue duramente silenciada. La percepción de la mujer en la literatura, sea escribiendo, siendo personaje o siendo lectora debe ser considerada una forma de prefeccionar la Historia y la memoria, pues posibilita que las mujeres tengan su debido destaque respetado.
A Guerra Civil espanhola foi um fato histórico marcante para o povo espanhol. Oficialmente teve duração entre os anos de 1936 a 1939, porém, o desfecho desta guerra teve consequências que perduraram de forma contundente durante décadas, chegando à atualidade. Após a década de 1990, não só o período da guerra, mas também o da pós-guerra passou a ser continuamente representado por meio da ficção literária e da ficção fílmica como épocas violentas. Os romances Las trece rosas (2003), de Jesús Ferrero, e La voz dormida (2002), de Dulce Chacón, retratam mulheres que lutavam contra o novo governo no período de pós-guerra, quando se instaurou a ditadura franquista (1939-1975). A representação das mulheres que lutaram ativamente durante esses períodos foi por um longo tempo silenciada, entretanto as duas obras estudadas por este trabalho procuram evidenciar o papel das mulheres enquanto partícipes da história espanhola. Esta pesquisa pretende discutir a importância da representação feminina dessas obras na construção da memória da luta antifranquista na Guerra Civil Espanhola e no Franquismo, a partir da ficcionalização da história. Nosso objetivo é refletir a respeito da representação feminina na luta antifranquista por meio dos romances La voz dormida e Las trece rosas. Para tanto, utilizaremos o método comparativo entre a teoria e os textos literários. As teorias que auxiliam nossa pesquisa são relacionadas à história da Guerra Civil espanhola, trazida principalmente pelo autor Martin Blinkhorn (1994); à memória, para refletir sobre esse assunto traremos diversos autores, entretanto os que mais se destacam são Pierre Nora (1981), Aleida Assmann (2011), Maurice Halbwachs(2004) e Jacques Le Goff (1990); também teorias que discutem a participação e a luta por direitos da mulher na luta antifranquista, discussões feitas principalmente pela autora Mary Nash (1999). Por meio dos estudos comparativos entre os textos teóricos e os literários podemos compreender que a representação da mulher na literatura é importante para o entendimento de como as mulheres eram apreciadas pela sociedade dos anos da pós-Guerra Civil na Espanha. Durante muito tempo elas tiveram direitos sociais anulados e sua representatividade literária foi duramente silenciada. A percepção da mulher na literatura, seja escrevendo, sendo personagem ou sendo leitora deve ser considerada uma forma de aprimoramento da história e da memória, pois possibilita que as mulheres tenham seu devido destaque respeitado.
Serra, i. Sala Rosa 1956. "Ajuda humanitària dels quàquers als infants de Catalunya durant la Guerra Civil". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7986.
Testo completoDuring the Civil War, the Quakers set out three objectives in their work.The points of conflict had to be detected, providing direct help and feeding the children through the canteens in order to avoid movements that would disorientate the child refugees even further. They then saw the need to focus on and organise children's holidays in the country and the mountain in order to take them away from the unhealthy and destructive aspects, improve their health and education and overcome their state of malnutrition. All the witnesses with whom I have been lucky enough to speak with were grateful. The third was to coordinate some sources of humanitarian aid from abroad through the International Commission in order to unify the work criteria, make the utmost of the resources and to best channel both economic aid and aid in kind that arrived from different countries. Their support was excellent and they saved many lives.