Tesi: "GTEs" – Grafiati

1

Oulfarsi, Mostafa. "Contribution à l’amélioration de la fiabilité de modules thermoélectriques : développement de solutions matériaux alternatives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0228.

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La conversion d’énergie à partir de la chaleur perdue par effets thermoélectriques (effet Seebeck) est une nouvelle source d’énergie renouvelable potentielle. La technologie thermoélectrique (TE) est néanmoins limitée à des applications terrestres de niche du fait de son faible rendement (5-6 %), mais aussi à cause des défis technologiques à surmonter pour éviter une dégradation des générateurs TE (GTE) employés. Notre thèse s’inscrit dans cette problématique dans le cadre d'un programme de recherche soutenu par l’ANR (projet RELIATEG) incluant comme partenaires la société HotBlockOnBoard (HBOB), le CEA LITEN, le CIRIMAT et l'IJL. L'objectif est de fiabiliser les GTE à base de siliciures, Mg₂Si₁₋ₓSnₓ pour le type n et de MnSi₁₊ᵧ pour le type p, fabriqués par HBOB pour une utilisation à long terme au voisinage de 400-500°C. Notre rôle consiste principalement à comprendre les mécanismes conduisant à leur fragilisation, notamment en ce qui concerne les problèmes d'oxydation du matériau Mg₂Si₀,₆Sn₀,₄. Ceux-ci étant inévitables, nous nous sommes tournés vers la solution de trouver un revêtement protecteur et de tester la stabilité thermique sous air d’un matériau Mg₂Si₁₋ₓSnₓ, moins sensible. Après avoir établi une synthèse bibliographique traitant des notions de base de la TE, de l'état de l’art des matériaux TE et justifié le choix des matériaux utilisés par HBOB, nous présentons les diverses étapes de la fabrication des GTE et les techniques expérimentales utilisées pour caractériser la microstructure des matériaux TE et leur stabilité thermique. Les tests de performance réalisés sur des GTE à quatre jambes montrent que la puissance obtenue, mesurée jusqu'à 450°C, est reproductible pour les 25 modules testés. Elle est toutefois environ 25 % plus faible que celle que l'on pourrait atteindre avec un GTE parfait, comme le montre les simulations que nous avons réalisées à l'aide du logiciel Comsol MultiPhysics. Les tests de stabilité ont montré que les modules sont stables sous air à 250°C, durant 500 h ou sous 1000 cycles, et qu'ils commencent à se dégrader sous air dès 350°C par le biais d'un phénomène de peste lié à l'oxydation du matériau TE Mg₂Si₀,₆Sn₀,₄ du côté chaud du GTE. Sous vide, ce processus est ralenti mais la présence d'oxygène résiduel ne permet pas de totalement stabiliser le matériau. A 500°C sous air, la peste est observée dès 3 heures de test. Les tests d'oxydation menés sur les deux matériaux à teneur en Sn différente ont permis de montrer le rôle déterminant de l'étain sur les phénomènes d'oxydation. Un modèle expliquant le phénomène de peste a pu être développé grâce à l'analyse combinée des résultats obtenus par des mesures thermogravimétriques, microscopie électronique à balayage et diffraction des rayons X. En nous appuyant sur la bibliographie et sur les diagrammes de phases des différents systèmes, des revêtements protecteurs céramiques, siliciures métalliques, métaux et verres ont été étudiés. Plusieurs voies de dépôt ont été explorées : frittage par Spark Plasma Sintering, nickelage électrochimique, pack cémentation, dépôts par pulvérisation (slurry, PVD et spray). Les revêtements les plus prometteurs ont été obtenus avec un verre dont le CET est proche de celui du matériau de type n Energy conversion from waste heat through thermoelectric effects (Seebeck effect) is a potential new renewable energy source. The thermoelectric (TE) technology is nevertheless limited to niche terrestrial applications due to its low efficiency (5-6%), but also due to the technological challenges to be overcome to avoid a degradation of the TE generators (TEG). Our thesis is devoted to this problem within the framework of a research program supported by the ANR (RELIATEG project) including HotBlockOnBoard (HBOB), CEA LITEN, CIRIMAT and IJL as partners. The objective is to make reliable the TEG, manufactured by HBOB, based on silicides, Mg₂Si₁₋ₓSnₓ (n-type) and MnSi₁₊ᵧ (p-type), for long-term use in the vicinity of 400-500°C. Our main role is to understand the mechanisms leading to their embrittlement, particularly to the oxidation problems linked to the Mg₂Si₀,₆Sn₀,₄ material. As they are unavoidable, we turned to the solutions of finding a protective coating and/or testing the thermal stability under air of a Mg₂Si₁₋ₓSnₓ material, less sensitive to oxidation. After a bibliographical synthesis of the basic concepts of TE and of the state of the art of TE materials, the choice of materials used by HBOB have been justified. The various stages of TEG manufacturing and the experimental techniques used to characterize the microstructure of TE materials and their thermal stability are presented. The performance tests performed on TEGs show that the power obtained, measured up to 450°C, is reproducible for the 25 devices tested. However, it is about 25% lower than what one could achieve with a perfect TEG, as shown by the simulations we carried out using the Comsol MultiPhysics software. The stability tests showed that the devices are stable under air at 250°C, for 500 hours or under 1000 cycles, and that they begin to degrade under air at 350°C through a pesting phenomenon linked to the oxidation of Mg₂Si₀,₆Sn₀,₄. Under vacuum, this process is slowed down but the presence of residual oxygen does not completely stabilize the material. At 500°C under air, the pesting is observed from 3 hours of testing. The oxidation tests carried out on the two materials with different Sn content showed the significant role of tin on the oxidation phenomena. A model explaining the pesting phenomenon was developed by the combined analyses of results obtained by thermogravimetric measurements, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. On the basis of bibliography and phase diagrams of the differents systems, protective coatings based on ceramics, metallic silicides, metals and glasses have been studied. Several deposition methods were explored: sintering by Spark Plasma Sintering, electrochemical nickel plating, pack cementation, slurry, PVD and spray deposits. The most promising coatings were obtained with a glass whose CTE is close to that of the n-type material

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Bailey, Matthew James. "Structural Studies of the GTNS Complex." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522872.

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Koucký, Vít. "Strategická analýza společnosti GTS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73675.

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The key to success in the increasingly strong competition environment is sophisticated long-term strategic direction. This strategic analysis should be one of the tools for management of GTS to a long-term growth strategy.

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Saltin, Peter. "GTRS och dess funktioner i Nordic Battlegroup 2011." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-801.

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Denna uppsats behandlar den nya prototypen för radiosystem som tagits fram inom projektet GTRS. Systemet jämförs med det äldre taktiska radiosystemet Radio 180 för att få fram vad som egentligen skiljer mellan dessa. Därefter behandlas Nordic Battlegroup 2011, där det utreds vilka uppgifter förbandet skall klara av och några typfall baserat på uppgifterna. Uppbyggnad och funktion för förbandets sambandssystem beskrivs också där själva kommunikationsnätet från Sverige till missionsområde avhandlas. Även de olika radioapparaterna som nyttjas och deras användningsområde behandlas. Detta används senare i en analys där först radioapparaternas skillnader utreds, därefter analyseras vad införandet av detta nya radiosystem skulle innebära för förbandet Nordic Battlegroup 2011. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att även om GTRS erbjuder ett merflexibelt nät med högre dataöverföringskapacitet än Ra 180 så finns det fortfarande utvecklingspotential innan det når full duglighet. Detta beror på att övriga delar som skulle kunna dra nytta av den högre dataöverföringshastigheten ännu inte är anpassade till detta. Därför är Ra 180 med sin DART och längre räckvidd fortfarande ett gångbart system, även om GTRS möjligheter kommeratt öka i takt med att ny kringutrustning införs. This essay discusses the new prototype radio system developed by the project GTRS. This system is compared to the older tactical radiosystem Radio 180 to research what differences there are between the two. The Nordic Battlegroup 2011 is also presented, mainly which tasks the unit is supposed to beable to handle and some likely scenarios based on these tasks. The communications systems in the unit, from headquarters in Sweden and down to soldier level are presented complete with different radios used and what their capabilities are. After that, an analysis of the differences between the two radios is made which is followed by an analysis of what the introduction of GTRS could mean for the Nordic Battlegroup 2011. This analysis looks at both the technical and the tactical implications. The essay concludes that even though GTRS provides a more flexible net with higher bandwidth than Radio 180 there still is room for improvement before it can reach full usability. This is mainly because other parts of the system that could make use of the higher bandwidth are not yet adapted to this. That is why Radio 180 with the DART and its longer range of transmission still is capable system with the exception that the possibilities of GTRS will expand when new compatible peripherals.

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Zoubek, Katrin [Verfasser]. "Prozessevaluation einer kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Gruppentherapie bei Diabetes und Depression : Entwicklung und Validierung der Patienten- und Therapeuten- Gruppentherapiestundenbögen (GTS-P, GTS-T, GTS-TP) zur Vorhersage des Therapieerfolgs / Katrin Zoubek." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043251707/34.

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6

Haque, Syed E. "Efficient GTS Allocation Schemes for IEEE 802.15.4." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_theses/75.

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IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard defined for wireless sensor network applications with limited power and relaxed throughput needs. The devices transmit data during two periods: Contention Access Period (CAP) by accessing the channel using CSMA/CA and Contention Free Period (CFP), which consists of Guaranteed Time Slots (GTS) allocated to individual devices by the network coordinator. The GTS is used by devices for cyclic data transmission and the coordinator can allocate GTS to a maximum of only seven devices. In this work, we have proposed two algorithms for an efficient GTS allocation. The first algorithm is focused on improving the bandwidth utilization of devices, while the second algorithm uses traffic arrival information of devices to allow sharing of GTS slots between more than seven devices. The proposed schemes were tested through simulations and the results show that the new GTS allocation schemes perform better than the original IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

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Nothofer, Angela. "Cross-polar coupling in GTEM cells used for radiated emission measurements." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341840.

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8

Gustafsson, Joakim. "Hur utformar man framtidens transportsystem genom en användarcentrerad designprocess?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22015.

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Examensarbetet handlar om att utforska och utveckla det framtidsvisonära transportsystemet ”GTS Transportsystem” framtaget av GTS Stiftelsen. Detta med hjälp av frågeställningen: Hur ser framtidens GTS Transportsystem ut i ett användarcentrerat perspektiv? Inom en designprocess genomfördes ett omfattande researcharbete för att skapa en förståelse för vilka behov och krav som borde tillgodoses i det framtida transportsystemet. GTS studerades och analyserades för att få en djupare förståelse kring deras visioner, idéer, tekniska lösningar och hur väl genomtänkt de olika delarna var. Intervjuer med målgruppen människor med funktionsnedsättning, synliggjorde olika typer av problem som uppstår i dagens jämförbara transportsystem. Med hjälp av intervjudata och en analys kunde tre fiktiva personas skapas med tillhörande scenarier. En analys av ett framtida GTS scenario ledde till att problem kunde identifieras som sedan låg till grund för vidare arbete med framtagning av olika problemområden. Problemområdet som sedan valdes var stationer och hållplatser (i uppsatsen benämnd Terma). En idégenereringsfas ledde till nya idéer kring flöden, funktioner, gates och arkitektur. Det slutliga resultatet blev ett framtida Terma-koncept med en genomgående utformning för tillgänglighet, trygghet och innovation. I konceptet skapades en gate med fokus på säkerhet, en funktionell och öppen planlösning som förenklar resandet, samt en ny lösning kring kabinernas flöden runt och över byggnaden. Allt detta för att en framtida resa i GTS skall fungera säkert och smidigt. The research was conducted in order to contribute to the general body of knowledge regarding the prospective transport system GTS Transport System developed by GTS Foundation. This dissertation will explore and further develop the GTS system. This was achieved with the research question: How does the future GTS Transport System look in a user-centered design perspective? In a design process, a deep and comprehensive research laid the foundation in order to create an understanding of the needs and demands that would need to be fulfilled for the future transport system. The GTS Transport System was carefully studied and analyzed in order to reach a deeper understanding around its visions, ideas and technical solutions. Further it was studied in order to determine how well thought through the different feature where. Interviews were conducted with a target group of people having a disability; this disclosed certain problems with today’s transport systems. With the support of the data gathered and an analysis, three fictive personas where created with associated scenarios. An analysis of a future GTS scenario led to the discovery of certain problems and laid the foundation for further establishing areas in need of improvements. The areas that were chosen where stations and stopping places (in the dissertation called Terma). An idea-generating phase led to new ideas about flow, functions, gates and architecture. The results of the dissertation led to a concept about how the future transport Terma may be designed. With secure available and innovative gates, a well thought through layout that is available and safe for the people using the transport system. A new concept of flows where created which enabled the vessels to move around and over the building. This results in a smooth and safe travel experience.

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Wong, James C. "Use of the general transit feed specification (GTFS) in transit performance measurement." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50341.

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Until recently, transit data lacked a common data format that could be used to share and integrate information among multiple agencies. In 2005, however, Google worked with Tri-Met in Oregon to create the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), an open data format now used by all transit agencies that participate in Google Maps. GTFS feeds contain data for scheduled transit service including stop and route locations, schedules and fare information. The broad adoption of GTFS by transit agencies has made it a de facto standard. Those agencies using it are able to participate in a host of traveler services designed for GTFS, most notably transit trip planners. Still, analysts have not widely used GTFS as a data source for transit planning because of the newness of the technology. The objectives of this project are to demonstrate that GTFS feeds are an efficient data source for calculating key transit service metrics and to evaluate the validity of GTFS feeds as a data source. To demonstrate GTFS feeds’ analytic potential, the author created a tool called GTFS Reader, which imports GTFS feeds into a database using open-source products. GTFS Reader also includes a series of queries that calculate metrics like headways, route lengths and stop-spacing. To evaluate the validity of GTFS feeds, annual vehicle revenue miles and hours from the National Transit Database (NTD) are compared to the calculated values from agencies whose GTFS feeds are available. The key finding of this work is that well-formed GTFS feeds are an accurate representation of transit networks and that the method of aggregation presented in this research can be used to effectively and efficiently calculate metrics for transit agencies. The daily aggregation method is more accurate than the weekly aggregation method, both introduced in this thesis, but practical limitations on processing time favor the weekly method. The reliability of GTFS feed data for smaller agencies is less conclusive than that of larger agencies because of discrepancies found in smaller agencies when their GTFS-generated metrics were compared to those in the NTD. This research will be of particular interest to transit and policy analysts, researchers and transit planners.

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Zaharudin, Mohd Azlan. "The green technology financing scheme (GTFS) in Malaysia : revealing the competency trap." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39651/.

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This research aims to understand the transition of established entrepreneurial firms into sustainable entrepreneurship ventures in Malaysia using a competency based perspective. The research considers established entrepreneurial firms attempts to acquire green technology financing. By observing a green technology financing scheme (GTFS) a competency trap is identified that constrains established entrepreneurial firms, regardless of their excellent financing track record and previous business success in other ventures. Utilising Rasmussen et al.’s (2011, 2014) evolutionary entrepreneurial competency framework, the research examines how established entrepreneurial firms develop the entrepreneurial competencies to overcome this trap and acquire green technology financing. By comparing different established entrepreneurial firms during the process to acquire financing, the research examined the GTFS contextual influence on the deployment of competencies, revealing the multi-faceted nature of the competency trap. In order to acquire GTFS financing the research identified two sets of entrepreneurial necessary competencies; (i) opportunity refinement competencies (ii) resource acquisition competencies. However, development of these competencies is influenced by the established entrepreneurial firms’ paths and the competency trap. Four different pathways to address the competency trap are highlighted. This emphasizes the need for more contextual based research at multiple levels of analysis to understand established entrepreneurial firms’ transition into sustainable entrepreneurship ventures.

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Nova, Lobos Nelly Sofía. "Estudio de los requerimientos de factores generales de la transcripción (GTFs) y coactivadores en la transcripción dependiente de Homol D en Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147233.

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Seminario de Título entregado a la Universidad de Chile para optar al Título de Ingeniero en Biotecnología Molecular. The transcription process is initiated by the Core Promoter Elements (CPE), leading the formation of the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC) which reclutes the transcription proteins (General Transcription Factors, GTFs) and RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) that bind to the CPE. These GTFs are: TBP, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF and TFIIH in the case of promoter recognized by the RNA Pol II that synthesizes the mRNA molecule using DNA sequence as template. Among the CPE are the TATA box, the TFIIB-recognition Element (BRE), the Initiator (Inr), the Motif Ten Element (MTE), Downstream Promoter Element (DPE) and the Downstream Core Element (DCE) (Thomas y Chiang, 2006) Data collected during the laboratory experimental work suggest that the DNA sequence named Homol D is a universal CPE in S. pombe and that the genes containing this element are transcribed by the RNA Pol II, which is also the target of a new factor or protein complex that determined the initiation site of transcription. We aim to determine which GTFs are required for Homol D box dependent gene transcription, through in vitro transcription assays, inmunodepletion and Electrophoresis Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA). Here we show the analysis of the following specific antibodies for GTFs of interest (TBP, TAF1, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIH, TFIIF and the subunit of Srb4 mediator). xii Protein extract of S. pombe were used as GTFs source, while ribosomal K5 gene (that possess the Homol D box) were used as DNA template. To carry out transcription was used a purified RNA Pol II. The in vitro transcription and inmunodepletion experiments allowed us to observe that transcription does not occur when each transcription factor studied is depleted by using a specific antibody for each GTF. When using a promoter with an inverted Homol D as DNA template the same results were observed. When a rescue of the transcription reaction is performed by supplementing the depleted GTF after the inmunodepletion, the reaction occurred for both the normal and the inverted Homol D box. Therefore the studied GTFs, TBP, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIH and TFIIF are necessary for initiation of the transcription process in the K5 promoter which contains Homol D box. For the EMSA assays it was initially obtained a purified protein fraction with Homol D union and antibodies against each GTF to make an inmunodepletion of each GTFs and afterwards the reaction was incubated with P32γATP labeled probe. This assays allowed us to observe that the studied transcription factors are not the ones that recognize directly the Homol D box sequence. According with the work performed in this work, the GTFs TBP, TAF1, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIH, TFIIF and Srb4 are necessary for the formation of PIC but not for the recognition of the Homol D box in the K5 promoter, suggesting the existence of another factor/s o protein complex that recognizes the sequence of Homol D box. El proceso de la transcripción es iniciado por los Elementos del Núcleo del Promotor (Core Promoter Element, CPE), que dirigen la formación del Complejo de Preiniciación (Pre-Initiation Complex, PIC), el cual está compuesto por los Factores de Transcripción Generales (General Transcription Factors, GTFs) y la RNA Polimerasa II (RNA Pol II). TBP, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF y TFIIH corresponden a los GTFs que participan en la transcripción dirigida por promotores reconocidos por la RNA Pol II que sintetiza la molécula de mRNA a partir de una secuencia de DNA. Entre los CPE se encuentran la caja TATA, el elemento de reconocimiento de TFIIB (BRE), el Iniciador (Inr), el Motif Ten Element (MTE), el Downstream Promoter Element (DPE) y el Downstream Core Element (DCE) (Thomas y Chiang, 2006). Antecedentes recopilados durante el trabajo experimental de laboratorio sugieren que la secuencia de DNA denominada Homol D es un CPE universal en S. pombe y que los genes que poseen este elemento son transcritos por la RNA Pol II, la que además es blanco de un nuevo factor o complejo proteico que determina el sitio de inicio de la transcripción. Como objetivo de esta tesis se determinaron los requerimientos de GTFs necesarios para la transcripción de genes con promotores que poseen la caja Homol D, a través de ensayos de transcripción in vitro, inmunodepleción y geles de retardo (EMSA), en los cuales se utilizaron anticuerpos específicos para los distintos GTFs estudiados (TBP, TAF1, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIH, TFIIF y una subunidad del mediador Srb4). xiv Como fuente de GTFs se utilizaron extractos de proteínas del organismo S. pombe y como DNA molde fue utilizado el promotor del gen ribosomal K5 que posee la caja Homol D. Para llevar a cabo la transcripción se utilizó una RNA Pol II purificada. Los experimentos de transcripción in vitro e inmunodepleción, permitieron observar que la transcripción no ocurre al retirar cualquiera de los factores de transcripción por acción del anticuerpo específico para dicho GTFs. Además los ensayos usando como DNA molde un promotor con la caja Homol D invertida, permitieron observar los mismos resultados, es decir que la transcripción no ocurre al faltar alguno de los GTFs analizados en esta tesis. Al realizar un rescate de la reacción de transcripción, es decir, luego de hacer la inmunodepleción se suplementa el GTFs eliminado, se observó que la reacción ocurría, tanto para la caja Homol D normal como para la invertida, por lo tanto la presencia de todos los GTFs estudiados, TBP, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIH y TFIIF son necesarios para que se inicie el proceso de transcripción en el promotor K5 que posee la caja Homol D. Para los ensayos EMSA se utilizó extracto de proteínas totales que contenía la proteína con unión a Homol D y anticuerpos contra cada GTF, para realizar una inmunodepleción de ellos y luego se incubó con una sonda de DNA que contenía la caja Homol D marcada con P32γATP. Estos ensayos permitieron observar que los factores de transcripción estudiados no son los que reconocen de manera directa la secuencia de la caja Homol D, ya que a pesar de que ellos son retirados de la reacción se observa la aparición del complejo proteína/Homol D, reflejado como una banda en el film fotográfico. xv De acuerdo al trabajo realizado en este seminario de título, los GTFs TBP, TAF1, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIH, TFIIF y Srb4 son necesarios para la formación del PIC pero no para el reconocimiento de la caja Homol D en el promotor K5, sugiriendo que existiría otro factor o complejo proteico que reconoce la secuencia de la caja Homol D.

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Grüter, Steffen [Verfasser]. "Arc pancyclicity in multipartite tournaments & GTECS – an application in crystallography / Steffen Grüter." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067260919/34.

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Grüter, Steffen [Verfasser]. "Arc-pancyclicity in multipartite tournaments & GTECS – An application in crystallography / Steffen Grüter." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2015020110656.

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14

Neto, Mario Goncalves de Freitas. "Modelagem e análise de uma célula GTEM utilizando o método de elementos finitos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-95RFHE.

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The Gigahertz Transversal Electromagnetic Mode (GTEM) cell provides an environment where electronic equipment is illuminated by electromagnetic fields associated to plane waves in the free space. Hence, the GTEM cell is used in electromagnetic compatibility and/or interference testing (EMC/EMI), following the IEC 61000-4-20 directives. Due to the asymmetric rectangular coaxial shape, the input design and the cell termination the characteristic impedance of the system is 50 along the structure. The main objective of the GTEM is to obtain a uniform field area, with the maximum variation of 6 dB, where the equipment under test must be positioned. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the performance of a GTEM cell with and without load using the Finite Elements Method (FEM). In the empty cell the numerical results allow to define the test region where the electric field is uniform. When the cell is loaded with a dielectric sphere the scattered field is validated with the Mie theory. A célula Gigahertz Transverso Eletromagnético (GTEM) é um equipamento de teste onde dispositivos eletrônicos são submetidos a campos eletromagnéticos, como se fossem iluminados por ondas planas no espaço livre. Dessa maneira, as células GTEM é utilizada na realização de testes de compatibilidade ou interferência eletromagnética (EMC/EMI), seguindo a norma IEC 61000-4-20. Seu formato coaxial retangular assimétrico, junto com a entrada do campo e a terminação da célula, fixa uma impedância característica de 50 em todo sistema. Um dos objetivos na construção da célula GTEM, é a criação de uma região de campo uniforme, com variação máxima de 6 dB, onde o equipamento em teste é posicionado. O presente trabalho tem como foco, investigar o desempenho de uma célula GTEM vazia e carregada através de simulações computacionais utilizando o método dos elementos finitos (FEM). Como resultados foram apresentados, a uniformidade do campo elétrico através das suas componentes, para a célula vazia, bem como a perturbação da onda eletromagnética, quando inserida na célula um objeto dielétrico. A validação da GTEM carregada foi feita comparando os resultados da simulação com a teoria de Mie para uma esfera no espaço livre.

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Namgyal, Henry. "La Tradition de Padma gling pa dans la Vallée des nuages au Spiti." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INAL0011.

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Dans l’école des Tenants des anciennes traductions, les rNying ma pa-s, on trouve, en plus de la lignée de transmission orale dite longue (ring brgyud bka’ ma), une lignée de transmission courte des trésors (nye brgud gter ma). Par « trésors », on entend des textes qui auraient été cachés par Padmasambhava et ses disciples et qui, au moment où les circonstances l’exigent, sont redécouverts par des religieux prédestinés : les gter ston-s. Ceux-ci sont des milliers mais seuls certains d’entre eux, les cinq rois gter ston-s, font autorité pour authentifier un trésor et son découvreur. Le quatrième d’entre eux, Padma gling pa (1450-1521), naquit au Bhoutan où il œuvra et établit des centres religieux. Il étendit également sa sphère d’influence au Sud du Tibet où il fonda l’un de ses monastères principaux : Lha lung. Après sa mort, sa tradition spirituelle continua de se développer grâce à trois lignées d’incarnations. Bien loin de là, dans l’Ouest de l’Himalaya, la tradition rituelle de ce gter ston est encore aujourd’hui pratiquée dans la Vallée des nuages au Spiti. Jusqu’à présent, l’introduction de cette tradition, si éloignée de son lieu d’origine, reste mystérieuse. La présente étude vise, après avoir évoqué le cadre historique de la Vallée, à reconstituer dans un deuxième temps, grâce à des manuscrits que l’on croyait un temps perdus ainsi qu’à la tradition orale, l’histoire de cette tradition religieuse depuis son introduction jusqu’à nos jours. Dans un troisième temps, ce travail expose les pratiques et le calendrier rituel de la Vallée. Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée au Rituel des vivants (gSon chog), rituel incontournable des habitants de la Vallée In the school of the Followers of the old translations, the rNying ma pa-s, there is not only the Long lineage of the oral transmission (ring brgyud bka’ ma) but also the Short lineage of the treasures (nye brgyud gter ma). “Tresaures” are texts that were hidden by Padmasambhava and his disciples and discovered by predestined religious figures : the gter ston-s, when the circumstances so require. Those gter ston-s are thousands but only few of them, the five gter ston-s kings are recognized authority who can authentify a treasure and its discoverer. The fourth of them Padma gling pa (1450-1521), was born in Bhutan where he built several important religious complexes. During his life time, he extended his influence to the South of Tibet where he founded one of his main monasteries : Lha lung. After his death, his tradition continued to develop thanks to three incarnation lineages. On the western part of the Himalaya, in the Clouds Valley, in Spiti, the ritual tradition of this gter ston is nowadays still practiced. Until recently, the introduction of this ritual tradition far from its place of origin, remained quite a mystery. After an evocation of the historic context, the present study attempt, secondly, thanks to old manuscripts that were supposed to be lost and thanks to the oral tradition, to redraw the history of this religious tradition from its origin until now. Thirdly, this work exposes the practices and the religous agenda of the Valley. Finally, its last part focus on the Ritual of the living beings (gSon chog) which is a key ritual in the life of the inhabitants of the Valley

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16

Na, Che Woo. "Ieee 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks: Gts Scheduling and Service Differentiation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28841.

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Recently there has been a growing interest in the use of Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPAN) [1] driven by the large number of emerging applications such as home automation, health-care monitoring and environmental surveillance. To fulfill the needs for these emerging applications, IEEE has created a new standard called IEEE 802.15.4 for LR-WPAN, which has been widely accepted as the de facto standard for wireless sensor networks. Unlike IEEE 802.11 [2], which was designed for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), it focuses on short range wireless communications. The goal of the IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN is to support low data rate connectivity among wireless sensors with low complexity, cost and power consumption [3]. It specifies two types of network topologies, which are the beacon-enabled start network and the nonbeacon-enabled peer-to-peer network. For the beacon-enabled network, it defines the Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) to provide real-time guaranteed service for delay-sensitive applications. In the nonbeacon-enabled network the GTS is reserved time slots such that it is requested, allocated and scheduled to wireless sensors that need guaranteed service for delay-sensitive applications. Existing GTS scheduling algorithms include First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) [1], priority-based [4] and Earliest Deadline First (EDF) [5] methods. Such FCFS and priority-based scheduling methods have critical drawbacks in achieving real-time guarantees. Namely, they fail to satisfy the delay constraints of delay-sensitive transactions. Further, they lead to GTS scarcity and GTS underutilization. On the other hand, the EDF-based scheduling method provides delay guarantee while it does not support delay-sensitive applications where arrival of the first packet has a critical impact on the performance. To solve these problems, we design the optimal work-conserving GTS Allocation and Scheduling (GAS) algorithm that provides guarantee service for delay-sensitive applications in beacon-enabled networks. Not only does the GAS satisfy the delay constraints of transactions, but also it reduces GTS scarcity and GTS underutilization. Further, it supports delay-sensitive applications where arrival of the first packet has a critical impact on the performance. Through the extensive simulation results, we show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing scheduling methods. Our algorithm differs from the existing ones in that it is an on-line scheduling and allocation algorithm and allows transmissions of bursty and periodic transactions with delay constraints even when the network is overloaded. In the nonbeacon-enabled peer-to-peer network some operating scenarios for rate-sensitive applications arise when one considers wireless video surveillance and target detection applications for wireless sensor networks. To support such rate-sensitive applications in wireless sensor networks, we present a Multirate-based Service Differentiation (MSD) operating in the nonbeacon-enabled peer-to-peer network. Unlike existing priority-based service differentiation models, the MSD defines the independent Virtual Medium Access Controls (VMACs), each of which consists of a transmission queue and the Adaptive Backoff Window Control (ABWC). Since the VMACs serve multiple rate-sensitive flows, it is possible that more than one data frame is collided with each other when their backoff times expire simultaneously. To solve such a virtual collision in the virtual collision domain, we design the Virtual Collision Avoidance Control (VCAC). The ABWC component adjusts the backoff window to reflect the local network state in the local collision domain. The VCAC component prevents virtual collisions and preempts packets with the minimal cost in the virtual collision domain. By analyzing these algorithms, we prove that the ABWC component enables the achieved data rate to converge to the rate requirement and the VCAC component produces a virtual-collision-free schedule to avoid degradation of the achieved data rate. Through the simulation, we validate our analysis and show the MSD outperforms existing algorithms. Ph. D.

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Zellerhoff, Michael [Verfasser]. "Numerische Analyse der elektromagnetischen Kopplung zwischen einer GTEM-Zelle und einem Prüfobjekt / Michael Zellerhoff." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170529569/34.

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18

Ngu, Xavier. "An assessment of a GTEM cell as a test environment using measurements and simulations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10781/.

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The Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell was developed about 20 years ago and the applications using GTEM cells for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) measurements are continuously increasing. The research described in this Thesis proposes a new method for characterizing emissions from electrical appliances using a GTEM cell. The research adapts the method used in the Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) cell where the measurements are done by using a two-port system which includes a phase measurement. This is a restriction in GTEM cells because only one port exists and normally only the magnitude reading can be performed. This requires the development and application of new techniques, which allow the description of emitters in terms of equivalent electric and magnetic dipoles measured using a GTEM cell with phase measurement. A full field 3D Transmission Line Model (TLM) model of a GTEM cell is generated. Further simulations based on this model were performed to assess the behaviour of the emitters and when the GTEM cell is under actual working conditions. The model is also used to validate results obtained from measurements. The assumption that the dipole moments from a general emitter are in phase is also studied and evidence is presented to assess the validity of this assumption. The impact of the phase variations within an EUT towards the total radiated power estimated according to IEC 61000-4-20 is discussed and a technique to measure phase using a GTEM cell is introduced.

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Delga, Alice. "L'effecteur PopP2 de Ralstonia solanacearum cible GTE9 et GTE11, deux lecteurs épigénétiques d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30348.

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Les bactéries phytopathogènes produisent des effecteurs de type III qui sont des facteurs de virulence injectés dans la cellule hôte afin de moduler les défenses et ainsi favoriser l'infection. L'effecteur PopP2 de Ralstonia solanacearum possède une activité acétyl-transférase qui est perçue par la paire de protéines de résistance RRS1-R et RPS4 dans le noyau des cellules végétales. Cette étape de perception conduit à l'activation des réponses de défenses. GTE9 et GTE11, deux protéines à bromodomaine d'Arabidopsis thaliana, s'apparentent à des lecteurs épigénétiques ciblés par PopP2. Nos données démontrent que ces protéines GTEs (i) interagissent avec PopP2 dans le noyau des cellules végétales et (ii) sont acétylées en présence de l'effecteur. De plus, GTE9 et GTE11 se lient in vivo et in vitro à des histones H4, suggérant que PopP2 interfère avec des processus de remodelage de la chromatine Microbial pathogens infect host cells by delivering virulence factors (effectors) that interfere with defenses, thereby favouring infection. The Ralstonia solanacearum PopP2 effector displays an acetyltransferase activity perceived by the Arabidopsis immune receptor pair, RRS1-R with RPS4, in the plant nucleus. This recognition step leads to the activation of immunity. Two Arabidopsis bromodomain-containing proteins , called General Transcription factor with Extra-terminal domain 9 and 11 (GTE9 and GTE11), were identified as PopP2-interacting partners. GTE9 and GTE11 are considered as epigenetic readers. Our data demonstrate that these GTEs proteins (i) interact with PopP2 in the plant nucleus and (ii) are acetylated in presence of the effector. Moreover, bromodomains of GTE9 and GTE11 bind in vivo and in vitro to Histone H4. Together, these data suggest that PopP2, through the targeting of GTE9 and GTE11, likely interfere with chromatin remodeling processes to affect ETS and/or ETI-related processes

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Moberg, Sofia. "West, East or South, which Railway in Hudiksvall is Preferable? : A Predictive Study of Future Climate Scenarios from an Accessibility Perspective." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184535.

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An expansion of the railway, East Coast Line is essential in order to ensure transportation of passenger and goods back and forth to Northern Sweden. The preliminary studies of the planned expansion to a double track have identified vulnerabilities linked to how our climate changes. Because of these risks and vulnerabilities, the railway station in Hudiksvall needs to be relocated or the Current station needs to be adapted to potential future climate scenarios. Furthermore, social sustainability and the aspect of accessibility is also a vital perspective to consider during the development of railway infrastructure. This study compares the three different station locations from an accessibility perspective and from different climate scenarios through Network Analyst in ArcGIS Pro. To visualize future climate scenarios, two RCP-scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways) are considered, which is RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5. Additionally, the GTFS specification in ArcGIS Pro is used to model public transit to these railway stations in an accessibility perspective. Because one strategy when developing the East Coast Line is to increase the active transportation in comparison to car transportation. Results from this study indicates that the Current station, which is located in a coastal area will be worst affected of potential future climate scenarios from an accessibility perspective. Other findings are that vulnerable groups in the society, such as low-income earners and elderly will be most affected, if the railway station remains in the current location. The results from the performed Service area analysis and Location-allocation analysis advocates the Eastern station as a location for the new railway station. En expansion av Ostkustbanan är viktigt för att kunna säkerställa transport av passagerare och gods till och från norra Sverige. Förstudierna av den planerade expansionen till ett dubbelspår har identifierat sårbarheter kopplat till hur vårt klimat förändras. Som en följd av dessa risker och sårbarheter behöver järnvägsstationen i Hudiksvall flyttas. Alternativt behöver den nuvarande klimatanpassas. Detta ställer krav på att ta hänsyn till den sociala hållbarheten och tillgängligheten för befolkningen i Hudiksvall. Denna studie ämnar att jämför de tre olika stationslägena ur ett tillgänglighetsperspektiv samt utifrån olika klimatscenarier i ArcGIS Pro. För att visualisera framtida klimatscenarier beaktas två RCP-scenarier, det vill säga representativa koncentrationsvägar, vilket är RCP4.5 och RCP8.5. Dessutom används GTFS-specifikationen i ArcGIS Pro för att modellera kollektivtrafik till dessa järnvägsstationer ur ett tillgänglighetsperspektiv, då ett mål med utvecklingen av Ostkustbanan är att utöka andelen av personer som väljer aktiv transport i jämförelse med biltransporter. Resultatet av denna studie visar att den nuvarande stationen, som är placerad i närheten av Hudiksvalls kust, kommer att vara hårdast drabbad av potentiella framtida klimatscenarier ur ett tillgänglighetsperspektiv. Vidare visar studien på att låginkomsttagare och äldre kommer att drabbas hårdast om järnvägsstationen ligger kvar på den nuvarande platsen. Resultatet från de utförda Service area analyserna och Location-allocation analyserna, visar att det östra alternativet är det alternativ som kommer att vara minst påverkad av ett framtida klimat från ett tillgänglighetsperspektiv.

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Wang, Yin Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A study of open payment fare systems : system design, fare engine algorithm and GTFS extension." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90074.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-91). This thesis describes the design and implementation of the key parts of an open payment system that supports mobile phone ticketing for the Long Island Railroad (LIRR), a part of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). While many public transit agencies across the world are still using traditional fare systems, open payment system can help reduce lifecycle costs for transit agencies while making public transit service more convenient to passengers. One of the keys to the implementation of an open payment fare system is to infer trips and compute fares from a series of taps on gates and fareboxes by an open payment device, either a bankcard or a mobile phone. A trip construction algorithm based on a finite state machine is proposed to automatically group tap events from a single user into trip segments according to the MTA's fare rules and send them to a fare engine for fare calculation. The trip construction algorithm (implemented in the trip server) can handle bus, subway and railroad tap events in the MTA's system with fraud detection and exception handling. The fare engine adapts a label-correcting shortest path algorithm to find the chosen paths for each trip segment and to calculate the fare based on the LIRR's fare structure, including a number of configuration parameters such as minimum fare, minimum transfers and minimum travel time. The shortest path algorithm runs on a directed graph that is capable of modeling LIRR's complex service and transfer restrictions. Recognizing the limitations of system-specific fare engine design, this thesis also proposes extensions to the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), and develops a generic fare engine design that can be shared across multiple transit systems. These extended designs are studied and tested on the LIRR and Transport for London (TfL) networks. The proposed design appears to accommodate the fare policies of many transit systems; eight systems are briefly reviewed. by Yin Wang. S.M. in Transportation

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Yalaoui, Ali. "Modélisation électromagnétique des discontinuités uni-axiales : application à l'étude des circulateurs planaires et de la cellule GTEM." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7597/1/yalaoui.pdf.

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La méthode variationnelle multimodale (MVM) est une méthode intégrale de modélisation électromagnétque très efficace pour analyser les discontinuités uni-axiales. Cette méthode est basée sur l'identification du champs électromagnétique de part et d'autre de la discontinuité associée à la définition du coulage entre modes via l'utilisation de fonctions d'essai. Ceci lui procure de très bonnes performances notamment en rapidité et précision. L'objectif de cette thèse c'est d'adapter l'utilisation de la MVM en association avec d'autres méthodes telles que la BEM ou la TRM au traitement de circuits pésentant des discontinuités uni-axiales peu conventionnelles à travers deux applications assez différentes. La première consistait en l'étude du comportement des circulateurs planaires en technologie micro-ruban à température cryogénique. La deuxièmeapplication, consistait à élaborer un modèle électromagnétique de la cellule GTEM.

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Wessel, Nathan. "Discovering the Space-Time Dimensions of Schedule Padding and Delay from GTFS and Real-time Transit Data." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1445342602.

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Yalaoui, Ali Tao Junwu. "Modélisation électromagnétique des discontinuités uni-axiales application à l'étude des circulateurs planaires et de la cellule GTEM /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000495.

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Boord, Martin J. "The cult of the wrathful deity Vajrakila in the Northern treasures tradition of Tibet : (Byang-gter phur-ba)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420714.

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Hussein, Jamal A. "PROV-GTS : a template-based PROV graph transformation system for obscuring provenance confidential information." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/417985/.

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Provenance is a record that describes the people, institutions, entities, and activities involved in producing, influencing, or delivering a piece of data or a thing. Provenance can be used to trace the source of ingredients in food industry, record the intermediate and final results of scientific workflows, and follow the origin of online posts and news. Data provenance becomes a significant metadata in validating the origin of information and asserting its quality. It has been adopted in many significant domains for different purposes, for example, validating experimental results in scientific workflow systems, improving health services in healthcare, trustworthiness of data from sensor networks, and managing access control systems. In particular, the provenance of information is crucial in deciding whether information is to be trusted. In order to establish trust and confirm the quality and originality using provenance information, it is important to share provenance among collaborators in scientific workow systems or publicly over open environments such as the Web. PROV is a recent W3C specification for sharing provenance over the Web. However, sharing provenance may expose confidential information such as the medical history of a patient, the identity of an agent, and the bank account details of an individual. It is therefore crucial for the sensitive and confidential information of provenance data to be obscured to enable trustworthiness prior to sharing provenance in open environments such as the Web. This research work describes PROV-GTS, a provenance graph transformation system, whose principled definition is based on PROV properties, and which seeks to preserve graph integrity by avoiding false independencies and false dependencies while obscuring restricted provenance information. The system is formally established as a template based framework and formalised using category theory concepts, such as functors, diagrams,and natural transformation. PROV-GTS is shown to preserve graph connectivity, to be terminating and to be confluent with deterministic and consistent rule applications. The performance evaluation based on real-world provenance graphs demonstrates a high connectivity preservation with minimum graph reduction.

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Costa, Rafael Soares. "Análise dos stakeholders do GTPS (Grupo de Trabalho da Pecuária Sustentável) : problemas enfrentados para a implantação da pecuária sustentável." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/16522.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-graduação Agronegócios, 2014. Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-16T17:07:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RafaelSoaresCosta.pdf: 1993400 bytes, checksum: d277dc46ef37549e2e2ac8096e97d64e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Tania Milca Carvalho Malheiros(tania@bce.unb.br) on 2014-10-16T18:57:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RafaelSoaresCosta.pdf: 1993400 bytes, checksum: d277dc46ef37549e2e2ac8096e97d64e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-16T18:57:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RafaelSoaresCosta.pdf: 1993400 bytes, checksum: d277dc46ef37549e2e2ac8096e97d64e (MD5) No últimos anos, o consumo de carne bovina vem sendo modificado por meio de mudanças dos padrões alimentares, ocasionados pelo acréscimo de renda e pela preocupação com meio ambiente, saúde, e bem estar social. Estes fatores levaram a cadeia de pecuária de corte bovina a rever seus modelos, com o objetivo de se adaptar aos padrões do desenvolvimento sustentável. Entretanto, este tipo de desenvolvimento só faz sentido se for implantado por todos segmentos da cadeia de pecuária de corte bovina - do produtor ao consumidor -, uma difícil tarefa, permeada por diversas barreiras a serem solucionadas. O objetivo desse trabalho é aplicar no GTPS - Grupo de Trabalho da Pecuária Sustentável - o modelo de identificação de stakeholders proposto originalmente por Mitchel, Agle e Wood (1997). Este modelo propõe que a caracterização de stakeholders baseado na combinação de três atributos: poder, legitimidade e urgência. O estudo pode ser caracterizado como uma pesquisa exploratória, com foco na categorização dos stakeholders do GTPS por meio do critério da saliência, que pode influenciar as decisões tomadas pelo grupo acerca do desenvolvimento sustentável na bovinocultura. Para tanto, foi analisada também a importância dada aos três pilares da sustentabilidade (social, econômico e ecológico), e também foram identificadas as principais barreiras da cadeia da pecuária de corte bovina e seus respectivos segmentos. Adotou-se a análise quali-quantitativa dos dados primários, obtidos por meio de reuniões e eventos promovidos, e da aplicação de um questionário junto aos executivos representantes das organizações membros do GTPS. Os dados secundários foram obtidos por meio de referências bibliográficas referentes às principais demandas e soluções para a sustentabilidade do setor em análise. Este trabalho visa a contribuir para a fomentação de estratégias para implantação da pecuária sustentável, por meio da categorização dos stakeholders, e análise de suas respectivas saliências sobre demandas e decisões tomadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável na bovinocultura. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT In the past years, the consume of cattle meat has been modified by changes on nourishment standards, resulted by income increase and environment, health, and social well-being awareness. Such factors has led the beef cattle chain to revise its models in order to adapt to the sustainable development standards. Nevertheless, this kind of development only makes sense if it is implanted by each and every branch of the beef cattle chain –from the producer to the consumer –which is a challenging task, pervaded by many obstacles that must be overcame. The aim of this work is to apply on the GTPS –Brazilian Roundtable for Sustainable Livestock –the stakeholdersidentification model originally proposed by Mitchel, Angle and Wood (1997). This model proposes that the characterization of the stakeholders is based on the combination of three features: power, legitimacy and urgency. The study can be regarded as being an exploratory research, focusing the categorization of the GTPS stakeholdersthrough the salience, that may have influence on the decisions made by the group about the sustainable development in cattle breeding. In this manner, the importance given to the three bases of sustainability (social, economic and ecologic) and the identification of the main obstacles in the beef cattle chain and its respective branches, has also been analyzed. A quality-quantitative analysis of the primary data was carried out, which was obtained through meetings and promoted events and the application of a questionnaire answered by the executives representing the member organizations of WGSB. The secondary data wereobtained through bibliographic references related to the principal demands and solutions for sustainability in the analyzed sector. This work aims to contribute to the fomentation of strategies for the implantation of sustainable beef cattle through a categorization of the stakeholdersand, its respective salience over demands and decision making in the direction of sustainable development in beef cattle.

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Touchard, Christelle. "Recherche de GTLs et choix de cibles stratégiques pour l'amélioration de la tolérance aux basses températures chez le maïs." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1620.

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La tolérance au froid est un caractère complexe lié à des modifications au niveau écophysiologique et métabolique. L'objectif de ce travail est d'identifier les zones chromosomiques clés impliquées dans la tolérance aux basses températures à partir d'une étude sur une population de backcross avancé obtenue à partir d'un parent tropical d'altitude dans le fond génétique d'un parent corné. Une approche sans a priori repose sur la mise en évidence des zones chromosomiques impliquées dans les variations de biomasse en réponse au froid ainsi que sur les origines de ces variations: mise en place des feuilles, photosynthèse et métabolismes carboné et azoté. Une approche avec a priori est basée sur l'hypothèse que le glutathion, molécule antioxydante, serait une molécule clé dans la tolérance aux basses températures. Grâce à ces deux approches, nous concluons que la photosynthèse semble jouer un rôle primordial mais que le rôle du glutathion reste limité dans notre contexte génétique et pour les scénarios climatiques testés Cold tolerance is a complex mechanism linked to ecophysiological and physiological changes. The aim of this work was to identify key chromosomal regions involved in low temperature tolerance. This work was based on a population resulting from the advanced back-cross with a highland tropical inbred within a flint background. A first approach was based on the detection of chromosomal regions involved in biomass changes in response to cold and their origin: canopy development, photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. A second approach was based on the hypothesis that an antioxidant, the glutathione, bas a key role in low temperature tolerance. Combining these two approaches, we conclude that photosynthesis seems to play a key rote when the glutathione one is limited in our genetic background and for the climatic conditions tested

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Hugon, Pascale Sa skya paṇḍita Kun dga' rgyal mtshan. "Trésors du raisonnement : Sa skya Paṇḍita et ses prédécesseurs tibétains sur les modes de fonctionnement de la pensée et le fondement de l'inférence : édition et traduction annotée du quatrième chapitre et d'une section du dixième chapitre du "Tshad ma rigs pa'i gter" /." Wien : Arbeitskreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien - Universität Wien, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783902501080.

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Araujo, Humberto Xavier de. "Projeto e implementação de câmara GTEM - giga hertz transverse electromagnetic para testes de compatibilidade eletromagnética de circuitos e sistemas eletrônicos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260963.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Kretly Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T12:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_HumbertoXavierde_D.pdf: 7050651 bytes, checksum: 1d22c38822d1b7ff3ee74974b2d874b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a análise detalhada, simulações numéricas completas e os procedimentos para o projeto e a implementação de uma câmara GTEM -GigaHertz Transverse Electromagnetic- para análise de pré-conformidade em circuitos e sistemas eletrônicos. O sistema construído é capaz de realizar testes de EMC - Electromagnetic Compatibility, tanto de interferência - EMI quanto de susceptibilidade - EMS, na faixa de freqüência de 500 MHz - 18 GHz. O projeto apresenta uma inovação ao introduzir estruturas metamateriais na câmara tornando-a mais flexível na determinação da freqüência e níveis de RF e Microondas de teste. Os detalhes do projeto, simulações, a tecnologia de fabricação e medidas de validação da GTEM são descritos neste trabalho Abstract: In this work it is shown a detailed analysis, complete numerical simulations and the guidelines for the design and fabrication of a GTEM - GigaHertz Transverse Electromagnetic chamber, for pre-compliance tests of integrated circuits and electronic boards. With the built structure electromagnetic tests - EMC, including electromagnetic interference - EMI and immunity becomes feasible, on 500 MHz - 18 GHz frequency range. Besides that, an innovative concept is shown with the use of metamaterial technology applied to the GTEM chamber in order to make it more flexible in terms of frequency range. The design, simulation and fabrication strategy are clearly described along throughout this work Doutorado Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

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31

Goeta, Samuel. "Instaurer des données, instaurer des publics : une enquête sociologique dans les coulisses de l'open data." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0045/document.

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Alors que plus de cinquante pays dans le monde ont entrepris une démarche d’ouverture des données publiques, la thèse enquête sur l’émergence et la mise en oeuvre des politiques d’open data. Elle repose sur l’analyse de sources publiques et sur une enquête ethnographique conduite dans sept collectivités locales et institutions françaises. Revenant sur six moments de définition de grands « principes » de l’open data et leur traduction en politique publique par une institution française, Etalab, ce travail montre comment la catégorisation par l’open data a porté l’attention sur les données, en particulier sous leur forme « brute », considérées comme une ressource inexploitée, le « nouveau pétrole » gisant sous les organisations. L’enquête montre que le processus de l’ouverture débute généralement par une phase d’identification marquée par des explorations progressives et incertaines. Elle permet de comprendre que l’identification constitue un geste d’instauration qui transforme progressivement les fichiers de gestion de l’administration en données. Leur mise en circulation provoque des frictions : pour sortir des réseaux sociotechniques de l’organisation, les données doivent généralement passer à travers des circuits de validation et des chaînes de traitement. Par ailleurs, les données doivent souvent subir d’importantes transformations avant leur ouverture pour devenir intelligibles à la fois par les machines et par les humains. Cette thèse montre enfin que l’instauration concerne aussi les publics dont il est attendu qu’ils visualisent, inspectent et exploitent les données ouvertes. L’instauration des publics par des instruments très divers constitue un autre pan du travail invisible des politiques d’open data. Il ressort enfin de cette thèse que l’obligation à l’ouverture des données publiques, une suite possible des politiques d’open data, pose de manière saillante une question fondamentale « qu’est-ce qu’une donnée ? » Plutôt que de réduire la donnée à une catégorie relative, qui s’appliquerait à toutes sortes de matériaux informationnels, les cas étudiés montrent qu’elle est généralement attribuée dès lors que les données sont le point de départ de réseauxsociotechniques dédiés à leur circulation, leur exploitation et leur mise en visibilité As more than fifty countries have launched an open data policy, this doctoral dissertation investigates on the emergence and implementation of such policies. It is based on the analysis of public sources and an ethnographic inquiry conducted in seven French local authorities and institutions. By retracing six moments of definitions of the “open data principles” and their implementation by a French institution, Etalab, this work shows how open data has brought attention to data, particularly in their raw form, considered as an untapped resource, the “new oil” lying under the organisations. The inquiry shows that the process of opening generally begins by a phase of identification marked by progressive and uncertain explorations. It allows to understand that data are progressively instantiated from management files into data. Their circulation provoke frictions: to leave the sociotechnical network of organisations, data generally go through validation circuits and chains of treatment. Besides, data must often undergo important treatments before their opening in order to become intelligible by machines as well as humans. This thesis shows eventually that data publics are also instantiated as they are expected to visualize, inspect and process the data. Data publics are instantiated through various tools, which compose another area of the invisible work of open data projects. Finally, it appears from this work that the possible legal requirement to open data asks a fundamental question, “what is data?” Instead of reducing data to a relational category, which would apply to any informational material, studied cases show that they generally are applied when data are a starting point of sociotechnical networks dedicated to their circulation, their exploitation and their visibility

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32

Liden, Natalie. "A Trip Planner for the Itract System supporting real-time updates." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32460.

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Mobile applications and real-time data are excellent tools for rapidly sharing information. Such information may concern public transportation, such as time tables and traffic delays. This project has involved the development of a trip planner, which can subscribe to real-time data in order to inform the end user about the position of transit vehicles and trip updates. A trip planner is an application which, after having been given a start and a destination by the user, generates the possible trip between these two locations. The route is displayed upon a map, along with information of how the trip is travelled. The real-time data, which is pushed to the application, will inform the user if vehicles are delayed and if the trip needs to be updated due to a missed bus or train. The trip planner for Itract developed in this project is using the graphical interface and some necessary Java classes from the open source application Open Trip Planner. The new trip planner, developed in this project, is compatible with the API of Itract, has some additional functionality and can subscribe to real-time information. To subscribe to real-time information, a database called Redis has been set up in connection to Itract. Another database, known as MongoDB, is used for persistant storage. Itract

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33

Lima, Ana Carolinne Barata de. "As associações de interesse privado com foco na sustentabilidade : um estudo de caso sobre o grupo de trabalho da pecuária sustentável (GTPS)." Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2017. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/286.

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Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-05-30T18:43:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CAROLINNE_DEFESA.pdf: 1504150 bytes, checksum: f7fc69b9304fd74bdd31dce22d07b8b0 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-05-30T18:43:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CAROLINNE_DEFESA.pdf: 1504150 bytes, checksum: f7fc69b9304fd74bdd31dce22d07b8b0 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-06-05T11:28:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CAROLINNE_DEFESA.pdf: 1504150 bytes, checksum: f7fc69b9304fd74bdd31dce22d07b8b0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T11:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CAROLINNE_DEFESA.pdf: 1504150 bytes, checksum: f7fc69b9304fd74bdd31dce22d07b8b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 Faced with global challenges such as hunger and global warming, new demands have come to influence agricultural activities, among which is sustainability, which is a relevant dimension for Brazilian livestock activities and organizations in this industry to achieve market stability, they must adopt sustainable practices that meet institutional and stakeholder requirements. So, some AIPs have developed specific works focused on sustainability, which are passed on to their members who choose to adopt them in their products and processes, given the desire and need to rethink their impacts on society and the environment. This research seeks to analyze the role of AIPs in the adoption of sustainable practices in Brazilian livestock, from the single case with GTPS, a Vertical Association that acts specifically for this purpose, showing that its function goes beyond what the literature proposes. For this, this research follows the Single Case Study method, developed through the collection of data with semistructured interviews with specialists and secondary data with sustainability reports, which were analyze from the content analysis, with the support of the Atlas IT software. The main result of the study is that the role of AIPs such as GTPS is to coordinate the chain in favor of collective goods that go beyond the strategic ones, given that these assets surround sustainability and not only the interests of its members. In addition, it was possible to arrive at an analytical model based on the advance of theories of sustainability, institutional environment, strategy, private interest associations and willingness to adopt. This dissertation contributes to the deepening of the literature, as well as to show the possibility of replicating the practices that are use in livestock for other areas as important as global sustainable development. Diante dos desafios globais como fome e aquecimento global, novas demandas passaram a influenciar as atividades agrícolas, dentre elas está a sustentabilidade, que é uma dimensão relevante para as atividades da pecuária brasileira. E, para que as organizações atuantes neste setor consigam estabilidade nos mercados, elas precisam adotar práticas sustentáveis que atendam às exigências institucionais e dos stakeholders. Para isto, algumas AIPs têm desenvolvido trabalhos específicos voltados para a sustentabilidade, os quais são repassados aos seus membros que optam por adotá-los em seus produtos e processos, dado o desejo e a necessidade de repensar seus impactos à sociedade e ao meio ambiente. Neste cenário, esta pesquisa busca analisar o papel das AIPs na adoção de práticas sustentáveis na pecuária brasileira, a partir do caso único com o GTPS, uma Associação Vertical que age especificamente para este fim, mostrando que a sua função vai além do que a literatura propõe. Para isto, esta pesquisa segue o método de Estudo de Caso Único, desenvolvido por meio da coleta de dados com entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas e dados secundários com relatórios de sustentabilidade, os quais foram analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo, com suporte do software Atlas TI. O principal resultado do estudo é que o papel de AIPs como o GTPS é coordenar a cadeia em prol de bens coletivos que vão além dos estratégicos, haja vista que estes bens cercam a sustentabilidade e não apenas os interesses de seus membros. Além disso, foi possível chegar a um modelo analítico baseado no avanço das teorias de sustentabilidade, ambiente institucional, estratégia, associações de interesse privado e Willingness to Adopt (Disposição para Adotar). Esta dissertação consegue contribuir para o aprofundamento da literatura, bem como mostrar a possibilidade de se replicar as práticas que são utilizadas na pecuária para outras áreas tanto quanto importantes para o desenvolvimento sustentável global.

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34

Cheng, Liang. "IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol Study and Improvement." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_diss/25.

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IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard used for low rate personal area networks (PANs). It offers device level connectivity in applications with limited ower and relaxed throughput requirements. Devices with IEEE 802.15.4 technology can be used in many potential applications, such as home networking, industry/environments monitoring, healthcare equipments, etc, due to its extremely low power features. Although the superframe beacons play the key role in synchronizing channel access in IEEE 802.15.4, they are sources for energy inefficiency. This research focuses on exploring how to optimize the beacons, and designing novel schemes to distribute the information that are supposed to be delivered to a subset of PAN devices. In this work, an acknowledgement based scheme is proposed to reduce the energy consumption in the distribution of guaranteed time slot (GTS) descriptors. Based on the observation that the superframe beacon frame has global impact on all PAN devices, an energy-efficient channel reservation scheme is presented to deliver the information (GTS descriptors and pending addresses). In addition, the problem of channel underutilization is studied in the contention free period. To address the problem, a new GTS allocation scheme is proposed to improve the bandwidth utilization.

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35

Farzaneh, Forouhar. "Caractérisation d'éléments de circuits passifs et actifs à 100 GHz : application à la conception d'oscillateurs millimétriques à résonateurs diélectriques." Limoges, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIMO4005.

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La caractérisation et la modélisation des circuits aux ondes millimétriques et les propriétés non-linéaires des dipôles en réflexion sont présentées. Le fonctionnement des diodes Gunn millimétriques aux modes fondamental et harmonique est abordé. Un banc de mesure d'impédance complexe dans la bande 90-100 GHz est présenté avec lequel ont été notamment caractérisés des résonateurs diélectriques et des diodes Gunn InP. Des oscillateurs à résonateurs diélectriques ou en fineline ont été mis au point.

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Aljandal, Shahd Bader. "Packaging of Genetic Material by Gene Transfer Agents (GTAs) Produced by Marine Roseobacter Species and Their Effect on Stimulating Bacterial Growth." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7389.

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Horizontal gene transfer is one of the most important mechanisms for prokaryotic genome innovation and evolution. Gene Transfer Agents (GTAs) are phage-like particles that package small fragments of the genome of a GTA-producing bacterial cell. GTA chromosomal gene clusters usually contain 15-conserved open reading frames (ORFs) and are present in most of the sequenced marine alpha-proteobacteria genomes. Some marine strains have been shown to produce GTA particles that were biologically active in marine environment. GTA particles range in size, morphology and the amount of host DNA they package. To date, the characteristics of GTAs are largely based on observations of Rhodobacter capsulatus, a bacterial isolate from freshwater pond and soil samples. One of the main characteristics of the GTAs produced by R. capsulatus is random packaging of the genetic contents of the GTA-producing strain. However, there is no evidence that marine GTAs behave in a similar manner to those produced by R. capsulatus. This thesis focuses specifically on the GTAs produced by marine bacterial isolates, aiming to expand the available knowledge of how GTAs of marine bacterial strains contribute to HGT and how they affect the bacterial adaptation and fitness in the ocean. Here, the putative GTA particles produced by marine bacterial strains grown in artificial seawater media were examined to investigate the randomness of the DNA packaging and the biological effect of the GTA particles, specifically examines the effect of GTAs on stimulation of bacterial growth in vitro. To reach the desired outcome, first, the DNA packaged within GTA particles produced by Roseovarius nubinhibens (RnGTA), Ruegeria pomeroyi (RpGTA) and Roseobacter denitrificans (RdGTA) was sequenced to determine if random portions of the bacterial genomes are packaged, similar to results shown for R. capsulatus, or if certain areas of the genome are preferentially packaged (overrepresented). Further, purified active GTA particles derived from each of the three marine Roseobacter strains were tested to determine the effect of active GTA particles on bacterial growth compared to controls containing heat-inactivated GTA particles, induced prophages (where applicable) and buffer. In summary, the production of GTA particles produced by R. denitrificans was observed for the first time. Additionally, the results of sequencing, annotating and assembling the packaged DNA within GTAs from the marine Roseobacter strains that were studied here suggested that although there was a good representation of the whole genome packaged within the GTA particles, still there is significant enrichment (overrepresentation) of gene groups that could expand their metabolic capabilities. Also, in vitro, under nutrient replete conditions, GTA particles of R. nubinhibens (RnGTA) seemed restricted to having impact on growth to members of the same species. On the contrary, when seawater samples were treated with GTAs there was increase in viable cell counts. By closely examining the colony morphologies, there was a clear difference between the bacterial species that grew when seawater samples were treated with RpGTA and RdGTA compared to controls. The 16S rRNA identifications revealed that under the tested laboratory settings, some species belonging to phylum Flavobacterales are more responsive to active GTA treatment than others, causing microbial community shift in seawater samples. This study has expanded what is known about GTAs of marine origin, providing genetic and metabolic evidence that GTAs may stimulate microbial diversity and survival in the marine environment. Knowledge gained from this study will help us understand the role of GTAs and HGT mechanisms in the ocean, therefore advancing our knowledge about the evolution and interaction of marine microbes.

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37

Slach, Petr. "Pracoviště pro zkoušky odolnosti zařízení vůči silným vysokofrekvenčním elektromagnetickým polím." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218038.

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This thesis investigates into possibilities of a design of a workplace for device endurance experiments against strong high-frequency electromagnetic field. It deals with testing methods, describes advantages and disadvantages of such methods. It investigates possibiities of testing devices, possible magnitudes of fieldstrenght. One can find in the thesis a review of a way of testing using a high-intensity electromagnetic field. A concept of a construction of a stripline including a practical example is a part of the thesis.

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38

Steinmann, Andreas [Verfasser], Gunnar [Gutachter] Möllenhoff, and Dominik [Gutachter] Seybold. "Klinische und radiologische Ergebnisse der Behandlung mit Kurzschaftschenkelhalsendoprothesen vom Typ GTS / Andreas Steinmann ; Gutachter: Gunnar Möllenhoff, Dominik Seybold ; Medizinische Fakultät." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1180028147/34.

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39

Gaida, Peter. "Camps de travail sous Vichy : les "Groupes de Travailleurs Etrangers" (GTE) en France et en Afrique du Nord 1940-1944." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010714.

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A la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, des nombreux étrangers réfugiés en France sont incorporés par la Troisième République dans des «Compagnies de Travailleurs Etrangers » (CTE) et doivent contribuer à la défense nationale. Après la défaite, le régime de Vichy crée pour les réfugiés étrangers des «Groupes de Travailleurs Etrangers » (GTE). Ces GTE se révèlent, avec en moyenne 40 000 étrangers incorporés dans plus de cent groupes, l' expression d' une politique xénophobe, antisémite et anticommuniste. Cette politique est également appliquée en Afrique du Nord où les autorités de Vichy créent de camps de travail pour la construction d'un chemin de fer, le «Transsaharien». En zone occupée, les autorités allemandes reçoivent 35000 républicains espagnols des GTE. L'étude démontre qu'environ 100 000 étrangers ont connu un travail forcé en France, soit dans les GTE de Vichy en zone libre et en Afrique du Nord, soit dans les camps de l'Organisation Todt.

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Goëta, Samuel. "Instaurer des données, instaurer des publics : une enquête sociologique dans les coulisses de l'open data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0045.

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Alors que plus de cinquante pays dans le monde ont entrepris une démarche d’ouverture des données publiques, la thèse enquête sur l’émergence et la mise en oeuvre des politiques d’open data. Elle repose sur l’analyse de sources publiques et sur une enquête ethnographique conduite dans sept collectivités locales et institutions françaises. Revenant sur six moments de définition de grands « principes » de l’open data et leur traduction en politique publique par une institution française, Etalab, ce travail montre comment la catégorisation par l’open data a porté l’attention sur les données, en particulier sous leur forme « brute », considérées comme une ressource inexploitée, le « nouveau pétrole » gisant sous les organisations. L’enquête montre que le processus de l’ouverture débute généralement par une phase d’identification marquée par des explorations progressives et incertaines. Elle permet de comprendre que l’identification constitue un geste d’instauration qui transforme progressivement les fichiers de gestion de l’administration en données. Leur mise en circulation provoque des frictions : pour sortir des réseaux sociotechniques de l’organisation, les données doivent généralement passer à travers des circuits de validation et des chaînes de traitement. Par ailleurs, les données doivent souvent subir d’importantes transformations avant leur ouverture pour devenir intelligibles à la fois par les machines et par les humains. Cette thèse montre enfin que l’instauration concerne aussi les publics dont il est attendu qu’ils visualisent, inspectent et exploitent les données ouvertes. L’instauration des publics par des instruments très divers constitue un autre pan du travail invisible des politiques d’open data. Il ressort enfin de cette thèse que l’obligation à l’ouverture des données publiques, une suite possible des politiques d’open data, pose de manière saillante une question fondamentale « qu’est-ce qu’une donnée ? » Plutôt que de réduire la donnée à une catégorie relative, qui s’appliquerait à toutes sortes de matériaux informationnels, les cas étudiés montrent qu’elle est généralement attribuée dès lors que les données sont le point de départ de réseauxsociotechniques dédiés à leur circulation, leur exploitation et leur mise en visibilité As more than fifty countries have launched an open data policy, this doctoral dissertation investigates on the emergence and implementation of such policies. It is based on the analysis of public sources and an ethnographic inquiry conducted in seven French local authorities and institutions. By retracing six moments of definitions of the “open data principles” and their implementation by a French institution, Etalab, this work shows how open data has brought attention to data, particularly in their raw form, considered as an untapped resource, the “new oil” lying under the organisations. The inquiry shows that the process of opening generally begins by a phase of identification marked by progressive and uncertain explorations. It allows to understand that data are progressively instantiated from management files into data. Their circulation provoke frictions: to leave the sociotechnical network of organisations, data generally go through validation circuits and chains of treatment. Besides, data must often undergo important treatments before their opening in order to become intelligible by machines as well as humans. This thesis shows eventually that data publics are also instantiated as they are expected to visualize, inspect and process the data. Data publics are instantiated through various tools, which compose another area of the invisible work of open data projects. Finally, it appears from this work that the possible legal requirement to open data asks a fundamental question, “what is data?” Instead of reducing data to a relational category, which would apply to any informational material, studied cases show that they generally are applied when data are a starting point of sociotechnical networks dedicated to their circulation, their exploitation and their visibility

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41

Quarenghi, Pietro. "Micro-simulazione del trasporto pubblico su gomma per la rete di Bologna ed elaborazione di un insieme di linee orarie per TPER SpA." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Il seguente elaborato tratta della micro-simulazione, relativa al servizio di trasporto pubblico su gomma, per lo scenario della città di Bologna. E' stata compiuta una importazione dei file GTFS, ottenuti da TPER SpA, per poter ottenere la corretta georeferenziazione delle fermate, le linee degli autobus e le corse degli stessi. E' stata utilizzata la tecnica del map-matching al fine di ricostruire al meglio i percorsi degli autobus e della quale sono evidenziate sia la metodologia di utilizzo, che i conseguenti errori che si possono riscontrare nella stessa. I risultati sono stati ottenuti tramite lo studio di uno scenario secondario più ristretto, rappresentativo del rione di Corticella, che ha permesso di studiare il comportamento dei singoli autobus e il loro rispetto dei tempi di arrivo e di ripartenza dalle fermate. Le osservazioni e le conclusioni che si sono ottenute sono finalizzate alla realizzazione di un preciso funzionamento dello scenario principale di Bologna, corredato non solo dalla presenza di trasporto pubblico ma anche dalle altre categorie veicolari. E' infine descritta l'attività di tirocinio svolta presso TPER SpA e mirata all'elaborazione, per un'attività di gara, di 50 linee orarie per il servizio di trasporto pubblico per la zona di Roma Est. Sono esposte le attività lavorative svolte durante il periodo di tirocinio e le caratteristiche di M.A.I.O.R., il software utilizzato per raggiungere l'obiettivo finale.

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42

Lokajíček, Miloš. "Modernizace veřejné pozemní dopravy s využitím technologií 21. století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203861.

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The thesis deals with the benefits of modern technologies to public land transport, an area which has not been notably impacted by modern technologies to this day. The work anal-yses both the way modern technologies can help transport companies, and also which tech-nologies in particular can bring something new to the conservative sector. The specific ob-jectives of the thesis are the analysis of D2D systems key components, benefits of Yield Management to the transport industry and implementation of carriers into the Bileto plat-form.

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Deroche, Marc-Henri. "Praj̃nāraśmi ('Phreng po gter Shes rab 'od zer, Tibet, 1518-1584) : vie, oeuvre, et contributions à la tradition ancienne ("Rnying ma") et au mouvement non-partisan ("Ris med")." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE5017.

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Prajñāraśmi fut l’auteur de la classification des « Huit grands chars des lignées de la pratique» (Sgrub brgyud shing rta chen po brgyad) rendue célèbre par le mouvement non-partisan (ris med). Il eut un parcours éclectique exceptionnel au sein des différents ordres bouddhiques tibétains, à l’heure même où le Tibet connaissait guerres civiles et conflits sectaires. Également révélateur (gter ston), il fonda le monastère rnying ma de Dpal ri theg chen gling dans la vallée de ’Phyong rgyas et fit une révision et édition majeure du « Padma thang yig ». Monastère aujourd’hui oublié, Dpal ri forma le précédent de la grande renaissance rnying ma sous le règne du Ve Dalai Lama. Rdo rje brag, Smin grol gling et Dpal ri constituaient la triade des grands monastères rnying ma du Tibet central (Rdor smin dpal gsum). ’Jigs med gling pa né et formé à Dpal ri, y reçut la première révélation du « Klong chen snying thig ». L’œuvre et l’héritage de Prajñāraśmi révèlent une continuité étroite entre la vitalité de l’école rnying ma et l’éclectisme bouddhique au Tibet du XVIe au XIXe siècle Prajñāraśmi was the author of the classification of the “Eight great chariots of the practice lineages” (Sgrub brgyud shing rta chen po brgyad) widely known through the nonsectarian (ris med) movement. He had an exceptionally eclectic itinerary within the different Buddhist orders when Tibet suffered from civil wars and sectarian conflicts. As a revealer (gter ston), he founded the Rnying ma monastery of Dpal ri theg chen gling in the ’Phyong rgyas valley and made a major revision and edition of the “Padma thang yig”. The now forgotten Dpal ri monastery formed a precedent for the great Rnying ma renaissance that occurred during the reign of the Vth Dalai Lama. Rdo rje brag, Sming grol gling and Dpal ri formed the triad of central Tibet’s greatest Rnying ma monasteries (Rdor smin dpal gsum). Furthermore, ’Jigs med gling pa, born and trained in Dpal ri, received the first revelation of the “Klong chen snying thig” also in Dpal ri. The works and legacy of Prajñāraśmi reveal the close continuity between the vitality of the Rnying ma tradition and Buddhist eclecticism in Tibet from the 16th to the 19th century

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Čijauskaitė, Kristina. "Cinko ir selenito jonų įtaka redukuoto glutationo koncentracijai ir lipidų peroksidacijai kadmiu paveiktų laboratorinių pelių kepenyse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_215121-90540.

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Buvo nustatyta, kad redukuoto glutationo koncentraciją pelių kepenyse kadmis padidino po 8 val. 35 proc., o po 14 dienų sumažino 35 proc. Po 8 val., tiek cinkas, tiek selenas taip pat padidino redukuoto glutationo koncentraciją, atitinkamai, 27 proc. ir 17 proc. Įvertinant malondialdehido koncentraciją pelių kepenyse, buvo nustatyta, kad kadmis padidino malondialdehido koncentraciją po 8, 24 val. ir 14 dienų, atitinkamai, 336 proc., 218 proc. ir 182 proc. Veikiant cinkui ir selenui, malondialdehido koncentracija pelių kepenyse padidėjo po 24 val. ir 14 dienų, atitinkamai, 325 proc. ir 437 proc., o po 14 dienų, atitinkamai, 162 proc. ir 288 proc. Taigi, cinkas pajėgus apsaugoti redukuotą glutationą nuo oksidacijos tik 8 val., o po ilgesnio laiko redukuotas glutationas išeikvojamas. Po 8 ir 24 val. tiek cinkas, tiek selenas pelių kepenyse geba apsaugoti lipidus nuo peroksidacijos, o po 14 dienų redukuotą glutationą nuo oksidacijos ir lipidus nuo peroksidacijos apsaugo tik žaliosios arbatos ekstraktas. It was determined, that after 8 h cadmium increased glutathione concentration by 35 % while after 14 days decreased by 35 %. After 8 h both zinc and selenium also increased reduced glutathione concentration, respectively, 27 % and 17 %. Evaluating malondialdehyde concentration in mice liver, it was established, that cadmium increased malondialdehyde concentration after 8, 24 h and 14 days, respectively, 336 %, 218 % and 182 %. When mice liver were affected with zinc and selenium, malondialdehyde concentration increased after 24 h, respectively, 325 % and 437 % and after 14 days, respectively, 162 % and 288 %. To sum up, zinc can protect reduced glutathione from oxidation in mice liver just for 8 h, and after a longer period reduced glutathione is depleted. After 8, 24 h and 14 days both, zinc and selenium are eager to protect liver from lipid peroxidation and after 14 days reduced glutathione from oxidation. Lipids from peroxidation process can protect only green tea extract.

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Fors, Johansson Christoffer. "Arrival Time Predictions for Buses using Recurrent Neural Networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Artificiell intelligens och integrerade datorsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165133.

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In this thesis, two different types of bus passengers are identified. These two types, namely current passengers and passengers-to-be have different needs in terms of arrival time predictions. A set of machine learning models based on recurrent neural networks and long short-term memory units were developed to meet these needs. Furthermore, bus data from the public transport in Östergötland county, Sweden, were collected and used for training new machine learning models. These new models are compared with the current prediction system that is used today to provide passengers with arrival time information. The models proposed in this thesis uses a sequence of time steps as input and the observed arrival time as output. Each input time step contains information about the current state such as the time of arrival, the departure time from thevery first stop and the current position in Cartesian coordinates. The targeted value for each input is the arrival time at the next time step. To predict the rest of the trip, the prediction for the next step is simply used as input in the next time step. The result shows that the proposed models can improve the mean absolute error per stop between 7.2% to 40.9% compared to the system used today on all eight routes tested. Furthermore, the choice of loss function introduces models thatcan meet the identified passengers need by trading average prediction accuracy for a certainty that predictions do not overestimate or underestimate the target time in approximately 95% of the cases.

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Hall, Amelia J. E. "Revelations of a modern mystic : the life and legacy of Kun Bzang Bde Chen Gling Pa 1928-2006." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:87c510cd-7fec-4366-b9d3-27561eb8317d.

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This study traces the development of Tibetan 'treasure' texts and practices in contemporary times via the life-story and scriptural revelations of the Tibetan 'treasure revealer' (gter ston) Kun bzang bde chen gling pa (1928-2006). It examines how his revelations (gter ma) rooted in the historic spirituality of Tibet, continue and adapt into the twenty first century. The study is important in order to understand the ways this Asian religious concept develops and coalesces in North America. With the dramatic advances in communication through digital technology, it examines how gter ma texts and practices reach a modern audience. Also discussed are the implications of centuries old debates surrounding Buddhist lineage, transmission and ‘authenticity’ as well as concepts such as liberty, equality and authority. All of which are culture-specific constructions that differ radically when seen from a variety of perspectives. The main conclusion drawn from this research is that as a Western Vajrayāna ‘tradition’ emerges and intersects with older Tibetan forms, both must attempt to find a middle path between their differing applications and interpretations if they are to avoid drifting into an arena of extensive commercialisation, dilution and distortion.

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Cavanna, A. E. "Development and validation of a disease-specific scale for the assessment of quality of life in patients with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome : the GTS-QOL." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/20207/.

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Background. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by multiple motor and phonic tics and associated behavioural problems, with a serious impact on the health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) of patients. However, little is known on the perception of HR-QOL by patients with GTS, and no patient reported HR-QOL measures have been proposed for this population. Aim. The objective of this study is the development and validation of a new scale for the quantitative assessment of HR-QOL in patients with GTS. Methods. A pool of 40 potential scale items was generated based on interviews with 120 GTS outpatients, literature review, and consultation with experts. These items were administered, in the form of a questionnaire, to a sample of 192 patients attending the Tourette Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, along with standardised clinical scales. Validated psychometric methods were used to develop a rating scale satisfying standard criteria for reliability and validity. Results. Response data analysis and item reduction methods led to a final 27-item GTS-specific HR-QOL scale (GTS-QOL) with four subscales, addressing the psychological, physical, obsessional, and cognitive domains, respectively. The psychometric properties of the GTS-QOL were further tested in a second sample of 136 subjects recruited through the UK-Tourette Syndrome Association. The GTS-QOL demonstrated satisfactory scaling assumptions and acceptability; both internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were high (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.8 and intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.8); validity was supported by interscale correlations (range 0.5-0.7), repeated factor analysis, and correlation patterns with other rating scales and clinical variables. Conclusion. The GTS-QOL is proposed as a new disease-specific patient-reported scale for the measurement of HR-QOL in patients with GTS, taking into account the complexity of the clinical picture of GTS.

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Dias, Felipe Ferreira. "Contribuições ao estudo de implantação de pedágio urbano em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-16022016-103221/.

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A Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) sofre de sérios problemas de congestionamento, assim como muitas outras cidades de grande porte. Uma possível solução, proposta por pesquisadores de transportes, economia e ciências ambientais, é a implantação de um sistema de congestion charging, chamada no Brasil de pedágio urbano. Um dos objetivos do presente trabalho foi estabelecer os conceitos relacionados a este assunto e ilustrar as principais questões relacionadas à sua implantação. Espera-se que este trabalho possa auxiliar o desenvolvimento de estudos de avaliação da viabilidade e de impactos de sistemas propostos de congestion charging. Para atingir este objetivo, toca-se em diversos assuntos, como a definição de congestionamento e as formas de medi-lo, a base conceitual e teórica dos sistemas de congestion charging e seus diversos esquemas de diferenciação. São expostas também as medidas de mitigação de congestionamento que já foram implantadas na RMSP, quais foram os estudos já desenvolvidos considerando este tipo de política para a RMSP, e casos em que sistemas de congestion charging já foi implantado. Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se também um modelo de escolha discreta a partir dos dados da Pesquisa Origem e Destino 2007 do METRÔ, onde pessoas deveriam escolher entre \"Transporte Coletivo\" e \"Transporte Público\". Este modelo foi utilizado para avaliar o potencial de impacto na divisão modal e de arrecadação de um congestion charge aplicado ao centro expandido de São Paulo. Adverte-se, porém, que os resultados obtidos são meramente ilustrativos. Mostra-se, também, que é possível avaliar a capacidade ociosa do sistema de transporte coletivo a partir dos dados disponíveis de bilhetagem e de GPS dos ônibus. Este processo é exemplificado através do cálculo de capacidade de uma única viagem de um único ônibus, dada a dificuldade de automatização deste processo para abranger toda a frota. The São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) suffers from severe traffic congestion, as do many other large-scale urban areas around the world. A possible solution to this issue, which has been suggested by transportation, economics and environmental researchers, is the implementation of a congestion charging system. One of the objectives of this project is to establish clear concepts and shed light on the main issues regarding these systems by means of a comprehensive literary review. It is expected that this project may help the development of in-depth studies carried in order to evaluate the viability and impacts of congestion charging proposals. In order to achieve this goal, many subjects are addressed, such as the definition of congestion, how its measured, the theoretical backgrounds that support congestion charging schemes, their different degrees of differentiation, which policies were enacted in order to reduce traffic congestion in São Paulo, what considerations and studies have already been developed for Brazil and São Paulo regarding these systems and where have these systems been successfully installed. Later chapters deal with another goal of this project: estimating how a congestion charging system would affect SPMR. This was achieved through a multinomial logit model, where decision-makers choose between \"Public Transportation\" and \"Private Automobile\". The results presented at this phase are merely indicative of certain tendencies and should not be considered final. This project also attempts to show that given the available Automated Fare Collection (AFC) data and Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) data, it is possible to estimate the current public transportation system\'s unused capacity. The author shows this by calculating the capacity of one bus trip using these data, but also explains the difficulties of expanding this analysis to the whole of SPMR\'s public transportation system.

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Reed, Landon T. "Real-time transit passenger information: a case study in standards development." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50218.

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As the transportation sector fully integrates information technology, transit agencies face decisions that expose them to new technologies, relationships and risks. Accompanying a rise in transit-related web and mobile applications, a set of competing real-time transit data standards from both public and private organizations have emerged. The purpose of this research is to understand the standard-setting processes for these data standards and the forces that move the transit industry towards the widespread adoption of a data standard. This project will analyze through case studies and interviews with members of standard-setting organizations the development of three real-time transit data standards: (1) the development of the General Transit Feed Specification Realtime (GTFS-realtime), (2) the Service Interface for Real Time Information (SIRI), and (3) Transit Communications Interface Profiles (TCIP). The expected outcome of this research is an assessment of federal policy on standards development as well as an analysis of current and future trends in this sector—both technical and institutional. The results will inform federal transit policy and future action in standards-setting and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) requirements, identifying the potential catalysts that will increase the effectiveness of federal- and agency-level programs.

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McIntosh, Cecilia A. "Structure and Function of Flavonoid Glucosyltransferases: Using a Specific Grapefruit Enzyme as a Model." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/355.

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Glucosyltransferases (GTs) are enzymes that enable transfer of glucose from an activated donor (UDP-glucose) to the acceptor substrates. A flavonol specific glucosyltransferase cloned from Citrus paradisi has strict substrate and regiospecificity (Cp3OGT). The amino acid sequence of Cp3OGT was aligned with a purported anthocyanin GT from Clitorea ternatea and a GT from Vitis vinifera that can glucosylate both flavonols and anthocyanidins. Using homology modeling to identify candidate regions followed by site directed mutagenesis, three double mutations of Cp3OGT were made. Biochemical analysis of the three mutant proteins was performed. S20G+T21S protein retained activity similar to the wildtype (WT- Kmapp-80 µM; Vmax = 16.5 pkat/µg, Mutant- Kmapp-83 µM; Vmax -11 pkat/µg) but the mutant was more thermostable compared to the WT and this mutation broadened its substrate acceptance to include the flavanone, naringenin. S290C+S319A mutant protein retained 40% activity relative to wildtype, had an optimum pH shift, but had no change in substrate specificity (Kmapp-18 µM; Vmax-0.5 pkat/µg). H154Y+Q87I protein was inactive with every class of flavonoid tested. Product identification revealed that the S20G+T21S mutant protein widened the substrate and regio-specificity of CP3OGT. Docking analysis revealed that H154 and Q87 could be involved in orienting the ligand molecules within the acceptor binding site. H363, S20, and S150 were also found to make close contact with the 7-OH, 4-OH and 3’-OH groups, respectively.

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