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1
Gudelj, Jasenka, e Petar Strunje. "Palladio i Dioklecijanova palača: renesansni arhitektonski crteži splitskog sklopa". Ars Adriatica, n. 5 (1 gennaio 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyses the drawings of Diocletian’s Palace at Split which had belonged to the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio and which represent the only surviving Renaissance drawings of the most important late antique architectural structure on the east Adriatic coast. Today, they are housed at the Royal Institute of British Architects in London and in the Devonshire collection, Chatsworth. A detailed analysis of the drawing technique, the paper, the handwriting and the style of the drawings, have confirmed the opinion of the scholars who argued that the ground-plan of the emperor’s mausoleum was drawn by an unknown artistand that Palladio added his sketches at a later point; the drawing of the mausoleum’s portal was also made by the same artist. Both drawings were most probably produced in Vicenza during the last quarter of the sixteenthcentury. The ground-plan of the palace itself was drawn by Palladio on the basis of an earlier source. It is likely that a version of the palace ground-plan whichhad served as a model to Palladio remained at Split and that the drawings published by Daniele Farlati in the eighteenth century relied on it rather than on those produced by Johann Fischer von Erlach, as it was argued until now.
2
Gudelj, Jasenka, e Petar Strunje. "Palladio i Dioklecijanova palača: renesansni arhitektonski crteži splitskog sklopa". Ars Adriatica, n. 5 (1 gennaio 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.935.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyses the drawings of Diocletian’s Palace at Split which had belonged to the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio and which represent the only surviving Renaissance drawings of the most important late antique architectural structure on the east Adriatic coast. Today, they are housed at the Royal Institute of British Architects in London and in the Devonshire collection, Chatsworth. A detailed analysis of the drawing technique, the paper, the handwriting and the style of the drawings, have confirmed the opinion of the scholars who argued that the ground-plan of the emperor’s mausoleum was drawn by an unknown artist and that Palladio added his sketches at a later point; the drawing of the mausoleum’s portal was also made by the same artist. Both drawings were most probably produced in Vicenza during the last quarter of the sixteenth century. The ground-plan of the palace itself was drawn by Palladio on the basis of an earlier source. It is likely that a version of the palace ground-plan which had served as a model to Palladio remained at Split and that the drawings published by Daniele Farlati in the eighteenth century relied on it rather than on those produced by Johann Fischer von Erlach, as it was argued until now.
3
Shevchenko, G. G., L. A. Shchenyavskaya e M. Ya Bryn. "Ground laser scanning of the flyover through the railway for the purposes of its reconstruction". BRIСS Transport 2, n. 4 (25 dicembre 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2023.4.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents the possibility of obtaining geometric parameters of an flyover passing through a railway using ground–based laser scanning technology using modern equipment Leica Scan Station C10. The practical significance of using the chosen method lies in the fastest and most convenient scanning of the object, reducing production costs and, of course, high accuracy of the spatial data obtained necessary for the reconstruction of the flyover. A study of the use of ground-based laser scanning technology to obtain spatial data of the flyover was conducted, as a result of which the advantages of the chosen method were revealed. Also, based on the data obtained, a comprehensive three-dimensional model and two-dimensional drawings were prepared, such as the facade of the flyover, its plan and drawings of transverse profiles. Thanks to the compiled drawings and models of the bridge structure passing through the railway, the design work on the reconstruction of the facility has become much easier and more efficient. The presented experience confirms the need to introduce modern technologies, namely ground-based laser scanning in survey activities in order to develop and detail design solutions for the reconstruction of flyovers.
4
Gao, Chutian, Ming Guo, Zexin Fu, Dengke Li, Xian Ren, Mengxi Sun, Yuquan Zhou e Peng Cheng. "Representative Construction Engineering Drawings Combining SLAM and Ground-Based LiDAR". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2112, n. 1 (1 novembre 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2112/1/012017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Obtaining architectural engineering drawings is a crucial aspect of upgrading and repairing structures. Traditional elevation measuring is ineffective and results in a poor rate of restoration. The current building elevation measurement solutions based on 3D scanning technology all obtain building 3D point cloud data from a single type of laser scanner. These two methods can’t get both indoor and outdoor scenes at the same time. This paper presents a scanning strategy that combines SLAM with Ground-based LiDAR to solve this problem. The point cloud data for the building’s indoor and outdoor scenes are obtained independently, and the Ground-based LiDAR point cloud data is registered locally using the iterative closest point(ICP) algorithm. The SLAM point clouds and the Ground-based LiDAR point clouds are then registered as a whole to develop an overall model of the building using point constrained error equations. For various reasons, the building can be trimmed into a planar point cloud model depending on the application. Finally, engineering drawings for the construction of the building can be drawn. The method’s viability was demonstrated by using it in a 3D scanning project of a scenic site in Beijing. This technology improves model information interpretability, scanning efficiency, and provides powerful data assistance for building rehabilitation and repair. It is extremely important in the disciplines of urban planning, rehabilitation, and historic preservation. After performing a more optimal preprocessing, more than 90% classification accuracy was achieved across 18 low-power consumer devices for scenarios in which the in-band features-to-noise ratio (FNR) was very poor.
5
Hudson, Anna. "figure ground: the paintings and drawings of Ivan Eyre (review)". University of Toronto Quarterly 76, n. 1 (2007): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2007.0117.
Testo completo
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Wilson, David J. "Desert Ground Drawings in the Lower Santa Valley, North Coast of Peru". American Antiquity 53, n. 4 (ottobre 1988): 794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
New data are presented on prehispanic ground drawings discovered and mapped during the 1979-1980 settlement-pattern research in the Santa Valley region, north coast of Peru. Among the drawings, which appear to date to the Early Suchimancillo/Gallinazo time period (ca. B.C./A.D. to A.D. 200), are a number of naturalistic figures-including humans, sierra-related llamas and condors, and a jungle-related (possible) cayman. These figures, and other lines of evidence such as rock-walled corral enclosures, suggest the existence of a strong ideological focus on sierra-related animals that probably reinforced intensive coast-sierra socioeconomic relations involving the use of llama pack trains.
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Park, Jin-Ho, e Lionel March. "Space architecture: Schindler's 1930 Braxton-Shore project". Architectural Research Quarterly 7, n. 1 (marzo 2003): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503001982.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rudolph Michael Schindler (1887–1953) designed a beach house for Henry Braxton and Viola Brothers Shore in 1930. The house was to have been sited on Ocean Front Walk, Venice, Los Angeles [1]. It was never built, but remains a paper project. In the architectural drawings archives at University of California, Santa Barbara, there are both sketch plans and detailed plans for four levels: the ground floor, the main floor, the balcony floor and the roof level. There are drawings for each of the four elevations as well as sections. Constructional details are provided on five sheets. All told there are 13 extant drawings. In his signature upper case, Schindler typed a brief written description of the house [Table 1].
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Vaníček, Ivan, Jan Pruška e Daniel Jirásko. "BIM – AN APPLICATION IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING". Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 29 (20 gennaio 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.29.0025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BIM model represents a significant step forward within the frame of the overall process of construction. This new approach goes from the assumption that up to date praxis, which is represented by different sets of 2D or 3D drawings of drawings, technical reports and calculations does not cover all problems of the above mentioned overall process of construction. Basic principles of BIM will be discussed, not only from the view of 3D models of the structure design. The utilization of the BIM model during life time structure expectancy will be stressed - from the initial phase (investigation, design) via the phase of structure execution, maintenance and ending with structure demolition at the end of life time expectancy. Specificity of the geotechnical engineering is in this entire process fundamental, as each construction is in the interaction with ground. 3D model of the ground (geotechnical model) is therefore one of the basic individual parametric elements from which BIM model consist. Ground model is time dependant as geological profile and geotechnical properties are refinement during each phase of ground investigation as well during geotechnical structure construction. Final 3D Ground model together with 3D model of geotechnical structure represents a first significant step of the overall BIM model. In the case of underground or earth structures such output can be primordial element of the BIM model with parametric elements around it. Finally some other possibilities or practical applications are mentioned.
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Massey, Ian. "Keith Vaughan: Figure and Ground: Drawings, Prints and Photographsedited by Colin Cruise". Visual Culture in Britain 15, n. 2 (4 maggio 2014): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14714787.2014.928150.
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Yarygin, Sergey, e Nikolay Ilderyakov. "Petroglyphs of “Eastern” Appearance in the Kairakkol Mountains and the Aksu River Valley". Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, n. 1 (giugno 2022): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the publication of new monuments of rock art in the Kairakkol mountains and the Aksu river valley, located in the Aksu district of the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Geographically, the mountains are part of the Dzhungar Alatau system and are located in the eastern Semirechye. A description of three engravings and a group of three clusters of geometric signs is given. The drawings were discovered during exploration work in the vicinity of the Late Pazyryk burial ground of Tausamaly in 2020 and 2021 in the western spurs of the mountain Kairakkol, rocky outcrops of the Suuk plateau, and the mountain valley of the Aksu river. As a result of the area examination, it was possible to record a large number of petroglyphs dating back from the Bronze Age to the ethnographic time. Much of it definitely dates back to the early Iron Age and the Middle Ages. A large group of tamgas and tamga-like signs was found near the burial ground. Several petroglyphs stand out clearly among other petroglyphs, which have pictorial analogies in southern Siberia, eastern regions of Central Asia, and China. The list includes an anthropomorphic figure with a complex hairstyle or in a complex headdress, a rider about a two-horse, and a dragon. They are adjoined by three drawings, including geometric figures (simple lines, circular signs), knockouts of various types and shapes, holes, images of animals, and, in one case, a rider. They form complex compositions of ideogrammatic nature. A comparative historical analysis of the drawings shows the cultural ties of their creators with the nomads of Altai, the Minusinsk Basin, and, possibly, with the tribes of Northern China. The drawings are tentatively dated to the end of the 1st millennium BC or the border of two eras.
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Bork, Robert. "Plan B and the Geometry of Façade Design at Strasbourg Cathedral, 1250-1350". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 64, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2005): 442–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068200.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A remarkable series of medieval drawings in Strasbourg documents the emergence of the local cathedral workshop as a major center of Gothic design around 1300. The so-called Plans A and B, in particular, figure prominently in the literature on Gothic architecture, but the formalistic methods usually brought to bear on the drawings leave many questions unresolved. This article uses geometrical analysis to show how the proportions of both drawings resulted from the compass-based Gothic design process. This discussion reveals a striking difference between the essentially planar Plan A and the more three-dimensionally conceived Plan B, in which the octagonal plan of the intended spire played a crucial generating role. Geometrical analysis of the complete façade block, meanwhile, shows that Plans A and B continued to influence the façade builders in the fourteenth century, despite the introduction of a new ground plan shortly before the beginning of construction in 1277.
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Hardukiewicz-Chojnowska, Joanna. "Storytelling in Satirical Drawings". Anglica Wratislaviensia 58 (13 novembre 2020): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.58.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2012 Jonathan Gottshall published a book entitled The Storytelling Animal. How Stories Make Us Human, in which he claims that what distinguishes man from other animals is that people have minds that are able to create stories. Moreover, Gottshall (106) mentions an experiment conducted in the 1940s by Heider and Simmel, whose results show that “if you give people random, unpatterned information, they have a very limited ability not to weave it into a story”. While in the aforementioned experiment the stimuli that triggered stories consisted of geometric figures, in the present article attention shall be paid to satirical drawings. They will be discussed with reference to selected mechanisms derived from cognitive linguistics that are applied in satirical drawings in order to activate the stories needed to interpret the given drawing. The paper is divided into two parts, one of which includes a brief theoretical overview of storytelling, and the second containing a description of selected mechanisms, i.e. metaphors, conceptual blending, and figure and ground distinction, that trigger the story-like interpretation of cartoons. Satirical drawings will be perceived here as examples of contemporary multimodal texts whose interpretation and creation involve the application of the storytelling properties of the human brain. References to both verbal and non-verbal aspects of cartoons will demonstrate that the cognitive mechanisms discussed here exceed the boundaries of verbal language.
13
Evans, R. J. W. "Culture and Anarchy in the Empire, 1540–1680". Central European History 18, n. 1 (marzo 1985): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900016885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire 1540–1680 must have appeared to the untutored eye as a fairly miscellaneous exhibition of drawings, themselves a very miscellaneous genre. Perhaps their only common ground lies in that even more ineffable geographical expression: the Holy Roman Empire. Yet for all the accidental quality of its provenance, the show possessed a certain logic. Let us note two crude facts about it: firstly the threefold and almost equal division between religious and classical subjects and a third group of “modern” topics, landscape and genre—what might be called the new “inquisitive eye”; secondly the clear focus on the years around 1600 and the area of southern Germany and Bohemia. To both of these aspects I shall return in due course.
14
Piątek, Marcin, e Jolanta Cabała. "On the occurrence of Sistotrema confluens (Stereales) in Poland". Acta Mycologica 37, n. 1-2 (20 agosto 2014): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2002.004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The new Polish rccord of <i>Sistotrema confluens</i> Pers.: Fr. provides the back-ground to outlining the morphology (with line drawings of microscopie characters), taxonomy and site conditions of this largely neglected polypore in Poland. The new record of the fungus is an 13. in the country but the first one documented by voucher specimens.
15
Campbell, J. S. "A Code for Reducing Figure-Ground Ambiguities in Tactile Graphics". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 91, n. 2 (marzo 1997): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9709100210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article describes a code that could facilitate the interpretation of tactile outline graphics by reducing potential ambiguities in figure-ground, slope, and curvature. An experiment tested the ability of six blind adults to learn the code quickly, locate and identify all symbols tactilely, and use the code to match embossed drawings to complex models that were designed to present line-referent ambiguities. All the subjects learned the code in less than two hours and successfully matched coded graphics to targeted objects.
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Park, Sungsoo, e Hyeoncheol Kim. "3DPlanNet: Generating 3D Models from 2D Floor Plan Images Using Ensemble Methods". Electronics 10, n. 22 (9 novembre 2021): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222729.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research on converting 2D raster drawings into 3D vector data has a long history in the field of pattern recognition. Prior to the achievement of machine learning, existing studies were based on heuristics and rules. In recent years, there have been several studies employing deep learning, but a great effort was required to secure a large amount of data for learning. In this study, to overcome these limitations, we used 3DPlanNet Ensemble methods incorporating rule-based heuristic methods to learn with only a small amount of data (30 floor plan images). Experimentally, this method produced a wall accuracy of more than 95% and an object accuracy similar to that of a previous study using a large amount of learning data. In addition, 2D drawings without dimension information were converted into ground truth sizes with an accuracy of 97% or more, and structural data in the form of 3D models in which layers were divided for each object, such as walls, doors, windows, and rooms, were created. Using the 3DPlanNet Ensemble proposed in this study, we generated 110,000 3D vector data with a wall accuracy of 95% or more from 2D raster drawings end to end.
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Jovanović, D., e D. Oreni. "DRAWINGS FOR THE REUSE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY GREENHOUSES IN THE GARDEN OF VILLA CICOGNA MOZZONI". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-2-2023 (24 giugno 2023): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-2-2023-783-2023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. The nineteenth-century greenhouses in the garden of Villa Cicogna Mozzoni are abandoned and dilapidated. Three greenhouses investigated for the research named A, B and C are positioned one above the other on the hill of the garden. They are historical examples of iron and glass structures with masonry walls leaning against the ground. They have undergone numerous modifications over time, as evidenced by archival documents. To create a preservation project for their reuse, bibliographical research was first collected. Secondly, direct and indirect surveys were carried out. The technical drawings were produced on a 1:50 scale using point clouds, orthophotos, sketches and direct measurements. Given the nature of the glass material of which these buildings are predominantly made, it was necessary to process the data obtained with the laser scanner and clean created noise points. Seemingly simple structures, greenhouses are complex buildings that require careful studies of humidity, temperature, irrigation, light and materials. For the presentation of different systems in the greenhouses, colour-coded thematical drawings were created. Detailed drawings on a 1:20 scale examine the iron fixtures and manual mechanical system of the windows. Other characteristics were presented in the drawings, such as internal and external movements and communications between greenhouses. The survey and documentation were done to serve for the reuse project which aims to bring back the shine to these greenhouses so that they can be revitalised for botanical and educational activities.
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LIU, KEKE, XIANG XU, YONGHONG XIAO, HAIQIANG YIN e XIANJIN PENG. "Six new species of Otacilia from southern China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae)". Zootaxa 4585, n. 3 (15 aprile 2019): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Six new ground sac spider species of the family Phrurolithidae were collected from southern China: Otacilia ailan sp. nov. (♀), O. daweishan sp. nov. (♂, ♀), O. fabiformis sp. nov. (♂, ♀) and O. jiandao sp. nov. (♀) from Hunan Province; and O. nonggang sp. nov. (♂, ♀) and O. yinae sp. nov. (♂) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. All species are described and illustrated with photographs and line drawings.
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Fachreza Alyazid Athar Nugraha e Ryan Faza Prasetyo. "WASTE MATERIAL RATIO ANALYSIS OF REBAR USING THE BIM METHOD IN CONSTRUCTION DESIGN AND BUILD". International Journal on Livable Space 9, n. 1 (27 maggio 2024): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v9i1.19920.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Construction of the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Parking Building project is conducted by using a design-build procurement system. During its implementation, 36 changes were made to the working drawings for the ground structure. This was due to the existing ground conditions and changes in space allocation at the client’s request. Objectives: This research aims to compare the waste of reinforcement materials that can occur between conventional methods and BIM methods, particularly in the design work. Methodology and results: In order to be able to calculate the volume of iron material using BIM, working drawing data was collected. In addition, an interview was conducted with the contractor to obtain detailed information on the revised working drawings. The BIM method of calculating the volume of material is carried out using the supporting software Autodesk Revit. Conclusion, Significance, and implications: The results showed that the waste material ratio value of the BIM method was higher than the conventional method with the results in the conventional method is 4.83% and in the BIM method is 6.58%. These results contribute to the development of material waste evaluation, especially in the type of design project. However, previous research that has been conducted focuses more on the type of construction project only.
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Musdinar, I., e R. A. Ardli. "Performance evaluation of sub ground passive cooling system with Ecotech software simulation (Case study: Pasio Christi Church at Cibunut, Kuningan, West Java)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 878, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/878/1/012006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The church in Cibunut, Kuningan, West Java has implemented a sub ground passive cooling system in its renovated building in 2018. This sub ground passive cooling system has not been widely applied in tropical regions, however the church is trying to implement it. This system is supported by making air wells and flowing cold air through distribution pipes into the room. Because not many people have implemented this system, performance evaluation through an ecotect software simulation is used to determine the success of the system in cooling the room. The research was carried out with the following steps: (i) Data collection in the form of CAD drawings of Cibunut Church building, (ii) Simulation using ecotect software, and (iii) Analysis of simulation results with thermal comfort standards in the tropics. The results of this study are conclusions from the results of simulations and analyzes, as an illustration in applying of the sub ground passive cooling system. This research helps illustrate the difference between buildings that have not applied sub ground passive cooling and buildings that have applied sub ground passive cooling.
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El-Noshokaty, Shady. "Rat Diaries". ARTMargins 3, n. 2 (giugno 2014): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00082.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rat Diaries is a series of drawings that attempts to map the intensity of everyday life in Egypt intertwined with intuitive visual and verbal comments on art practice. The drawings are multi-layered juxtapositions of various forms and contrasting types of lines that move from controlled shapes to seemingly uncontrolled scribbling, from figures to abstract shapes. What this layering achieves is a proposition of form that is ultimately unattainable. With all their pretension to ground the subject within the given coordinates of experiential reality, El-Noshokaty's maps refuse to communicate daily life as objectively mapable. The grid that is supposed to provide a support structure for the map and accommodate the given spatio-temporal coordinates is overcome by an intricacy of lines. These lines cover the grid with a labyrinthine maze and refuse to communicate an experience. But the lines are not as out of control or accidental as they might seem. While reflecting emotional content, they are also critically operational “devices” in a sense that they render the tyranny of the grid and its silent objectivity obsolete. The drawings that are accumulations of traces from experiential reality (emotions, everyday impressions, banal listing of events) crystalize reality in forms that no longer refer back to their original context.
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Zhang, Jie, e Bo Zhang. "The Application of Computer Software Microsoft Office Word in Sports Drawings". Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (febbraio 2014): 2253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2253.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper the author introduced the application of Word drawing function in sports drawing, the function and skills of common drawing tools, and solved the stubborn problems in writing teaching plan and class by drawing ground device, queue type, teaching organization, and sports human body in practical examples. In this way, the study difficulty level was reduced, the time spent in mastering actions was shortened, the teaching effect and quality was greatly promoted, the application of computers in sports teaching was propagated, and the teaching patterns of sports drawings were enriched.
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Anna, Váraljai. "Lechner Ödön rajzai a szegedi városházához". Művészettörténeti Értesítő 69, n. 2 (30 marzo 2021): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/080.2020.00014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper is about the set of drawings and documents by Ödön Lechner and Gyula Pártos for the Town-hall of Szeged dated to 1881–1883 (Hungarian National Archives, Csongrád-Csanád County Archives, Szeged [MNL CSML], Collection of Building Plans and Documents of the Municipality of Szeged, marked Lecher Ödön, Pártos Gyula: A Szegedi Városházhoz készített tervek, rajzok és iratok, [Plans, drawings and documents for the Szeged Town-hall], XV.2b. 45. d.-49.d). The elaborated theme includes ground-plans, rosette, baluster and skylight plans, detail plans of staircase and main cornice, plan of the roof of the main staircase, 37 drawings of ornamental sculpture, window pillars, window frames and rail chains, painter’s stencils signed by Ödön Lechner, two façade versions, tower detail, details of the main portal, drawings of the vault around the clock, of the ornaments of room doors and cornice elements. The building logbooks, list of submissions to the competition with code-names and the contracts signed with the building contractors are also valuable sources.In addition to eighty drawings of diverse sizes and techniques, the collection includes the construction documents, accounts, correspondence, building logbooks, planning competition calls, and a colour plan for the tiling of the Szeged Town-hall now in the Architectural Collection of the Kiscelli Museum of the Budapest History Museum (inv.no. 117). I evaluate the drawings both within the conception of an architectural work and also as separate graphic sheets, and try to describe their background in terms of the history of architecture, art and ideas.I am led to conclude that the Szeged Town-hall was the first project to manifest Lechner’s ambition to lay the groundworks of a national architecture based on the more abstracted and universal basic forms of folk art but keeping abreast of European tendencies. The drawings are invaluable in that they add more information to the chronology of Lechner’s artistic career and lend stress to the fact that folklore and local history researches, the intellectual approach, the synthesis of local and international achievements, a thorough knowledge of the history of ceramics, the redefinition of traditions played at least as important roles in creating the concept of a building as individual intention and creative imagination.The paper was supported by the Ernő Kállai Art Historical Research Grant.
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Vigh, László Gergely, Gábor Schnierer, Judit Buchmüller, Ákos Pohl, Bence Turányi, László Kiss, Lyne St-Georges e Louis Dussault. "Conceptual Design of an Aluminium Bridge in Alma, QC". Key Engineering Materials 710 (settembre 2016): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.383.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The City Council of Alma, Quebec, Canada intends to erect a new footbridge celebrating the 150-year anniversary of the city. Functioning as communal and cultural ground, an island will be built on the 100 m wide River Petite Décharge hosting a pedestrian area with pathways plants and artistic installations, being a symbolic landmark. The bridge has to provide connection between both the river sides and the island. Original and aesthetic design ideas for the bridge structure are searched. In the first phase of our work, preliminary study proposing 10 alternatives for the bridge was completed. The city has been selected three alternatives for further studies: double-arch classic bridge, classic cable stayed bridge with single pylon, artistic/industrial truss bridge with three lane decks. In the second phase of the work, we prepared the general preliminary design calculations, technical drawings, perspective drawings for the three selected versions. Common factor in all variants is the need and intent to apply advanced, state-of-the-art aluminium technology. The paper describes the evolution of the conceptual design of the bridge.
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Döpper, Stephanie. "Ground stone tools from the copper production site Al-Khashbah, Sultanate of Oman". Journal of Lithic Studies 7, n. 3 (15 dicembre 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.3082.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Archaeological research at Al-Khashbah, Sultanate of Oman, conducted by the University of Tübingen, revealed a large Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BCE) site. During the intensive surface survey and excavations, several ground stone tools were found. Most of them came from the vicinity of monumental stone and mud-brick structures, so-called towers, and are clearly connected to copper-processing waste such as slag, furnace fragments and prills, i.e., droplets of molten copper. Therefore, it is assumed that these ground stone tools were used within the operational procedures of copper-processing. Interestingly, only the monumental towers from the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE, i.e., the Hafit period, feature larger quantities of ground stone tools as well as copper processing waste. Towers from the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE, i.e., the Umm an-Nar period, have none. Within the scope of this paper, the distribution of the different types of ground stone tools in Al-Khashbah as well as their find context will be presented. They are illustrated with drawings generated from 3D models created using digital photography processed with the software Agisoft Photoscan. Comparisons with other 3rd millennium BCE sites in Eastern Arabia show that there as well, copper-processing remains are often associated with ground stone tools. The overall variety of types seems to be rather homogeneous in the region.
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Pinna, Baingio, e Katia Deiana. "The Syntax Organization of Shape and Color and the Laws of Coloration in Vision, Art and Biology". Art & Perception 3, n. 3 (2015): 319–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-00002034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this work we demonstrate that next to figure–ground segregation and perceptual grouping, as proposed by Gestalt psychologists, there is a further and more complex kind of organization related to the way object attributes like shape and color are organized to create a visual object. More particularly, through new logical and phenomenal implications, we explore the complexity of the phenomenal coloration and the syntactic relation between shape and color. Moreover, we extract the main laws ruling their phenomenal logic and organization. Finally, we present new conditions and a new paradigm based on the drawings and paintings made spontaneously by children of different ages in a drawing/painting task. Using this paradigm, it is assumed that the way children organize shape and color in their drawings and paintings is related to the way the visual system perceives their syntactic relation. The results show that, under the conditions studied, shape and color are organized as juxtaposed and in sequential order with the shape becoming hierarchically the core reference for the color. These results suggest a visual syntactic organization as a new kind of object formation process useful for understanding the language of vision and the implications for art and biology.
27
Bradley, Richard, Felipe Criado Boado e Ramón Fábregas Valcarce. "Rock art and the prehistoric landscape of Galicia: the results of field survey 1992–1994". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 61 (1995): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper discusses the relationship between the earlier prehistoric pattern of settlement in Atlantic Europe and the creation of rock art. It investigates the organisation of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age landscape of north-west Spain using the evidence provided by the distribution, siting, and composition of rock carvings. It presents the results of field survey in three sample areas extending from the centre to the outer edge of their distribution. Although these drawings cannot be interpreted as illustrations of daily life, they may have helped to define rights to particular resources in an area which experienced abrupt changes of ground conditions over the course of the year.
28
Heginbottom, J. Alan. "Permafrost mapping: a review". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 26, n. 4 (dicembre 2002): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133302pp355ra.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Permafrost maps have developed over the last century from small line drawings showing the outer limits of the areas within which perennially frozen ground was known or supposed to exist, to large scale, multi-sheet, multi-faceted, complex earth-science documents. These show, in considerable detail, the estimated distribution of frozen ground, in terms of its spatial continuity, thickness, ground temperature and ground ice content. Other related geo-environmental information is commonly included along with the permafrost attributes. The key geocryological issues in permafrost mapping comprise definition, purpose, classification, data acquisition, and data storage and processing. The principal cartographic issues relate to map design, legend development and map production. The recent development of geographic information software (GIS) suitable for use on a desk-top computer allows the geocryologist to undertake many map compilation and production tasks directly. GIS software also allows the map compiler or map user to manipulate the data, layer by layer, and so create specialized maps for specific purposes. Computer storage and processing of permafrost data allows large volumes of data to be handled and, when combined with modelling techniques, allows these large volumes of data to be used in the compilation of maps. Integration of modelling techniques with GIS is a powerful tool for assessing the response of permafrost to a changing climate. Other research directions are noted.
29
Sarah Tengku Amran, Tengku, Mohamad Ridzuan Ahmad, Amer Hazreq Haron, Noor Azreen Masenwat, Ismail Mustapha, Mohd Fajri Osman, Noryana Abd Razak et al. "Underground utility inspection using ground penetrating radar". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1308, n. 1 (1 maggio 2024): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Underground utility refers to any below-ground line, installation, or structure used by a service or utility provider. Underground utility inspection is a process of examining the designated area that needs to be inspected in detail. The purpose of the inspection is to ensure that the underground utility is in good condition and to check for any faults. By using the ground penetrating radar (GPR), the technology can capture images below the surface of the ground using radio waves. The various data through previous references are used to discuss and analyse the capability of GPR for underground utility inspection to ensure its gives the best performance for the inspection. GPR technology has become an essential tool for locating buried utilities and preventing damage and accidents during construction projects. This paper explores various advancements in GPR technology, including data processing methods and scanning techniques, to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of underground utility mapping. The research presented in this paper highlights the abilities of GPR to inspect underground utilities. The GPR data used in this project was collected from the evaluation and verification facility (EVF) in the Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The accuracy of these predicted positions was validated from GPR data and compared with as-built drawings from the contractor. The alternative analysis approaches that could be applied to improve the GPR accuracy when the optimum conditions are not met are also discussed.
30
Koespiadi, Koespiadi, F. Rooslan Edy Santosa e Debby Hendika Putra. "Building Structure Design Of Simple Rent House (Rusunawa) Tower A In Surabaya With Srpmk And Shearwall". ADRI International Journal of Civil Engineering 6, n. 1 (7 gennaio 2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/aijce.v6i1.17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Building of Simple Rent House Tower A was designed in Nagrak Flats, Cilincing, North Jakarta with an exixting area of 812,5 m2 with a total of 16 floors, which was redesigned with land data for area of Gunung Anyar, Surabaya, with an area of 578,5 m2 with a total of 11 floors. From the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data, it was found that the Flat Building was built on soft ground conditions (SE Site Class), with risk category II and including Seismic Design Category D. The calculation of the flat building structure uses a dual system structure, namely with special moment-bearing frame system and shearwall which refers to SNI 03-1726-2012 (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2012) and SNI 1726-2019 (Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2020a) : Earthquake Resistance Planning Procedures for Building and Non Building Structures. Earthquake load planning for the design of the flats building uses dynamic response analysis. Non-earthquake loading refers to SNI 03-1727-2013 (Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2013a) and SNI 1727-2018 (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2020): Minimum Design Load and Related Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures. Secondary structure of the flats building, namely the floor and roof plate and stairs, while the primary structure includes beam, column, and beam-column joint that support the secondary structure. Shear wall is used to resist shifting of buildings when an earthquake accurs. The lower structure consists of the pile foundation, pilecap, tie beam. The flats building structure is a reinforced concrete structure which calculations refer to SNI 03-2847-2013 (Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2013b) and SNI 2847-2019 (Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2020b) : Requirement for Structural Concrete for Buildings and Explanations. Calculation of the structure of the flats building uses SAP2000 and the result of this calculation are in the form of engineering drawings consisting of architectural drawings and structural drawings presented using AUTOCAD.
31
Bowen, Tracey, e M. Max Evans. "What does knowledge look like? Interpreting diagrams as contemporary hieroglyphics". Visual Communication 18, n. 4 (20 maggio 2018): 475–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357218775127.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A significant challenge in interpreting and analyzing graphic representations is to understand the many reference points a graphically depicted object may have across its producer’s personal and cultural experiences. An individual’s exposure to socially constructed representations drives his or her propensity to use specific shared graphic objects, especially when attempting to articulate complex or abstract concepts. This multidisciplinary research study focuses on interpreting graphic representation types and analyzing the graphic objects individuals use to depict the abstract concept of knowledge. A sample of 833 individuals aged 5–65 participated in the study by constructing a drawing to answer the question, ‘What does knowledge look like?’. Engelhardt’s Language of Graphics (2002) graphic representation taxonomy was used to identify grouping and linking diagrams in the drawings. Next, graphic objects were coded and categorized within the drawings to identify the common representations, shared symbols, and non-depictive elements used to group and link. Using drawings fitting Engelhardt’s grouping and linking graphic representation types, and Tversky’s theories for constructing meaning through diagrams, this article examines how study participants combine and arrange common graphic objects to depict the concept of ‘knowledge’. The results illustrate that individuals organize and arrange common graphic objects into groupings to communicate taxonomies or hierarchies based on spatial proximity; or connect and link them together using glyphs (e.g. arrows, dotted or straight lines) to communicate causal relationships. The findings also demonstrate how individuals employ common socially constructed graphic representations (or objects) as a visual communication tool and, through the exercise of drawing, as a tool for meaning or sense making. The graphic objects possess a shared meaning that the participants have seen circulating within their culture. The common ground that emerges from sharing graphic objects suggests a form of contemporary hieroglyphics that communicates meaning both inside and outside the community.
32
S. Miramini, M. Sofi, A. Aseem, A. Baluwala, Lihai Zhang, Priyan Mendis e Colin Duffield. "Health Assessment of a Pedestrian Bridge Deck using Ground Penetrating Radar". Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 18, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.182261.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Scanning concrete structures using ground penetrating radars (GPR) continues to be one of the most efficient methods for defect (i.e. crack, void and delamination) detection within concrete structures as well as detection of reinforcing bars damage due to corrosion. The aim of this study was to assess the structural health of a 45-year old pedestrian bridge deck. To achieve this, a number of experiments using a GPR system were conducted on a strong concrete floor with known construction drawings to detect cover depth and rebar orientations. After validating the GPR results through the experiments, the GPR system was used for nondestructive assessment of the pedestrian bridge deck. From the scanned results, the location and orientation of the reinforcing bar were established. In addition, the diameters of the bars was estimated by measuring the thickness of the hyperbola curves in the B-scans. The scanned output shows no signs of corrosion of reinforcement or damage of concrete in the form of delamination or cracking.
33
SOKOLOV, IGOR M. "Four new species of the genus Anillinus Casey (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anillini) from Alabama, U.S.A., with a revised key to the Alabama species". Zootaxa 4808, n. 3 (3 luglio 2020): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Four new species of anilline ground beetles are described from Alabama. Two species from Jackson County, Anillinus clinei new species, and Anillinus folkertsioides new species, are troglobitic and litter species, respectively. Anillinus hildebrandti new species, is a troglobitic species from a cave in Morgan County. Anillinus humicolus new species, from Jefferson County is supposedly an endogean species. All new species are illustrated with images and drawings; a distribution map and a modified key to the Alabama species are provided. With these new discoveries, the known fauna of Anillinus of Alabama now includes twelve species. Species compositions of Anillinus based on habitat preferences of taxa satisfactorily explain the variations in total species numbers and number of endemics among Alabama and other eastern American states.
34
Whitley, James, Kieran O'Conor e Howard Mason. "Praisos III: a report on the architectural survey undertaken in 1992". Annual of the British School at Athens 90 (novembre 1995): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400016270.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This is a report of an architectural survey of the site of Praisos in E. Crete, undertaken in 1992. A plan of ancient and modern features was produced, which included remains surviving above ground such as ancient walls, rockcuttings, cut blocks, and spolia, together with more detailed plans of features and concentrations of features. This documentation has been supplemented with photographs, elevation drawings, and descriptions of selected features, especially rock-cuttings. Rock-cut features, common on many Cretan sites, have rarely been described in detail or discussed properly; the article seeks to remedy this state of affairs to some extent. The remains seem to date to the Minoan, archaic, and late classical–hellenistic periods, particularly the last. Some historical conclusions are drawn.
35
Van De Wetering, Ernst. "Verdwenen tekeningen en het gebruik van afwisbare tekenplankjes en 'tafeletten'". Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 105, n. 4 (1991): 210–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501791x00128.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIt is a recognized fact that the majority of the many drawings produced in the 16th and 17th centuries have been lost. It is quite likely that a great deal of these lost drawings were the work of aspiring artists, done for practice during their training. Written sources, so-called 'Tekenboeken' and pictures of studios give us some idea of what such drawing exercises looked like. Series of eyes, noses, mouths, hands and feet, etc. served as preliminary exercices. Although these were recognized as very difficult assignments, their great advantage was that a single glance, even that of the young draughtsman himself, could establish whether the task had been done well, because 'mistakes are generally evident and can be seen and judged by everybody: for who is so dull and blind as not to notice whether someone has a deformed face, a twisted hand or a crooked foot?' (note 8). One duly wonders at the total absence of such drawings in Gerard Ter Borch senior's large collection of work by his sons Gerard junior, Harmen and Mozes. Apparently Ter Borch père was more selective than assumed by Alison Kettering in her introduction to the catalogue of the Ter Borch estate. Of the earliest drawings done by the young pupils in their first years, he seems to have concentrated on preserving drawings done from life and the young artists' own invention. As for drawings after prints, only copies of complete compositions were apparently worth saving. One could surmise that such practice drawings were executed on carriers which could be erased or re-used in some other way. The making of such carriers from box or palm wood and also from parchment is described in Cennino Cennini's 'Il Libro dell'Arte' (ca. 1400). The replaceable primer that was applied to such carriers consisted of ground white bone-ash mixed with saliva. According to Cennini, parchment 'tavolette' were also used by merchants to do their calculations on. The use of such parchment tablets is moreover confirmed by an early 16th-century recipe from Bavaria. The question arises as to whether erasable carriers were only used by beginners, as Cennini's text suggests, or by fully developed artists as well. This might provide a possible explanation for the total or virtually total absence of drawings in the oeuvres of some artists. Another question is how long this type of carrier remained in use. Research was sidetracked by the frequent occurrence of young artists drawing on blocklike boards or planks, notably on title-pages of 17th-century books of drawing models. In 16th-century iconography such boards appear to indicate the term 'usus' or 'practice'. They also refer to a Pliny text according to which drawing on boxwood boards was a fixed item in the education of well-born Greek children. The depiction of young draughtsmen with such drawing boards may therefore not represent actual studio practice but allude to the aspired high status of drawing and of the art of painting in general. The very nature of erasable carriers means that traces of them are rare. Those boards that have survived (Meder had published a number) are not acknowledged as such apart from the wax tablets intended for re-use in Classical Antiquity, and in the Middle Ages too. There are sporadic references in written sources. Karel van Mander, for instance, uses the term 'Tafelet' twice, the first time in connection with Albrecht Dürer who - significantly in this context is said to have portrayed Joachim Patinier on a slate (the ideal erasable carrier) 'or a tafelet'. Van Mander subsequently mentions a 'tafelet' in his biography of Goltzius, who was asked to do a portrait on a 'tafelet' in preparation for a print. The very strong likelihood that the term 'tafelet' was used to indicate a carrier suitable for re-use is endorsed by a recipe by Theodore de Mayerne (ca. 1630), who suggests two ways of making a 'tablet à papier' for writing on with a metal stylus: strong and well glued paper is spread with a paste of ground bone-ash, not mixed with saliva this time but with a weak gum solution. To prepare the tablet for re-use it could be cleaned with a wet brush. When the paper had suffered too much from this repeated treatment, it could be varnished, according to de Mayerne, after which it could be written on again with a pen, washed off again etc. Although de Mayerne recommends this 'tablet à papier' for practising writing, no distinction was made between carriers for writing and drawing (cf. Cennini above). We shall probably never know to what extent erasable carriers were used, but the foregoing remarks may shed a fresh light on a group of works of art, drawings with silver or other metal styluses on prepared parchment or paper. Instead of resorting to one of the highly specialized and expensive drawing methods which are often cited, for example in connection with Rembrandt's portrait of Saskia in Berlin with silver stylus on prepared parchment, such drawings may have been done on tablets which were not intended to be preserved. Goltzius' portraits with metal stylus as a rule were executed as drawings which served solely as the basis for a print. From a text in P. C. Hooft's Warenar (1616) we learn, that a 'tafelet' or 'taflet' was a booklet used as a scrap book and habitually carried in the pocket. A few of such booklets have survived. One is a booklet with fourteen prepared paper pages which belonged to Adriaen van der Wcrff. In it, writing with a silver stylus, he kept a record of the number of days he spent on his paintings. The first four pages of the book were prepared for re-use. The traces of earlier inscriptions can still be vaguely discerned under the new layer of primer. A second tafelet - originally containing twelve pages - was identified in the collection of the Rijksprentenkabinet (note 41). It was used around 1590 by a young painter who practised in it by copying fragments of prints.
36
Budiastra, I. N., C. G. I. Partha, I. G. N. Janardana e I. W. A. Wijaya. "Graphic Monitoring on Test of Rocket Launch Payload". Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 1, n. 2 (11 settembre 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2017.v01.i02.p01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aviation technology and space is one of the leading technology for developed countries, especially in the form of rocket technology and charge. The countries that are capable of mastering these technologies will be respected by countries all over the world. Indonesia as the island nation with large and extensive maritime should have independence in the mastery of the technology of the rocket and payload. Therefore, continuous efforts are required to achieve independence, including through enhancing the sense of love of aviation technology and space technology, particularly at early stages the rocket and payload. Graphic Monitoring Test Rocket Launch Payload Attitude is the attitude of remote monitoring launch vehicle through the computer screen (display) continuously (real-time) data obtained from sensors-sensors that are mounted on the rocket's payload. 3D point (x, y, z) must be expressed as a graph visualization perspective drawings of rockets with the appropriate direction. The radar conducted computer GS (Ground Segment) or Ground Control Station (GCS. The result of the attitude of the Rocket Test launch Payloads have been able to communicate with the 3D data sending (x, y, and z) in real-time to the Ground segment. Wireless communication uses radio telemetry frequency 433 MHz, power of 100 mW, the distance range obtained in this study a maximum of 500 Meters in the air, without a hitch.
37
Partha, C. G. I., I. N. Budiastra, A. A. N. Amrita e I. M. Suartika. "Remote Sensing Systems At The Rocket's Payload Test". Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 2, n. 2 (18 dicembre 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2018.v02.i02.p05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aviation technology and space is one of the leading technology for developed countries, especially in the form of rocket technology and payload. Countries that are capable of mastering these technologies will be respected by countries all over the world. Indonesia as the island nation and the State's large and extensive maritime already should have independence in the mastery of the technology of the rocket and payload. Therefore, continuous efforts are required to achieve independence, including through enhancing aviation technology and space technology, particularly at early stages the rocket and payload. Remote Sensing Systems At the rocket's Payload was Test remote monitoring system image capture and the attitude of the launch payload through the computer screen (display) continuously (real-time) data obtained from sensors that are mounted on the rocket's payload. 3D point (x, y, z) must be expressed as a graph visualization perspective drawings of rockets with the appropriate direction. The radar conducted computer GS (Ground Segment) or Ground Control Station (GCS). The result of the attitude of the Rocket Test launch Payloads have been able to do the communication data transmission of images and data for 3D (x, y, and z) in real-time to the Ground segment. Wireless communication uses radio telemetry frequency 433 MHz, power of 100 mW, the distance range obtained in this study a maximum of 1000 meter in conditions in the air and without obstruction.
38
Valgma, Ingo. "MAPPING POTENTIAL AREAS OF GROUND SUBSIDENCE IN ESTONIAN UNDERGROUND OIL SHALE MINING DISTRICT". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (20 giugno 1999): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr1999vol1.1869.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Northeast part of Estonia has been subject to oil shale mining since 1916. Oil shale as main source for power industry in Estonia is mined in amount of 12 million tonnes per year. The underground production rate is about 6 million tonnes of the mineral annually. Currently three open casts and six underground mines are operating, hi past 6 underground oil shale mines have been closed. Totally 979 million tonnes of rock, including oil shale has been mined underground. Today, about 305 km2 area has 512 million m3 abandoned mine workings in the depth of 10 to 70 m below the surface. The problem is influence of underground mining and mine workings on ground subsistence and ground- and surface water regime.Mapping of potential areas of ground subsidence started in the Mining Institute of Tallinn Technical University with Maplnfo Professional. GIS is used because of need for locating the tunnels in current geographic situation. As database for digitizing and scanning, available mine maps and drawings are used. Fieldwork is included for recognizing collapse areas in nature. For further analyses, Maphlnfo features and additionally, Vertical Mapper are used.In future groundwater problems will be included in the study. The study is partially supported by Tallinn Technical University by purchasing software Maplhifo. Estonian Mapping Centre has supported the study with making available to use base map of Estonia for reference.
39
Kinnicutt, Patrick, Herbert Einstein e Carlos Noack. "Three-Dimensional Stratigraphic Characterization for Geotechnical Exploration". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1526, n. 1 (gennaio 1996): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152600124.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In current geotechnical engineering practice, soil or rock stratigraphy is usually obtained from borehole data. Interpolation between boreholes is performed by projecting borehole data on a cross-sectional plane, either by hand drawings or by using CAD or GIS software, then manually interpolating between the boreholes. This methodology for obtaining the geology of a site does not truly represent the three-dimensional nature of the data, and it does not capture the uncertainties in the interpolation. This study describes NOMAD, a three-dimensional ground profiler developed for education and research that runs on the UNIX platform. The focus is on features available in NOMAD for visualizing uncertainties, creating ground profiles from site data, and updating the model with new subjective and objective data. One such feature, which will be described in detail, is the ability to modify a cross section of the site and have this modification automatically propagated to the site model and other cross sections, allowing users to visualize how changes in one cross section affect other cross sections. Also discussed is a model incorporated in NOMAD for creating ground profiles from borehole data. This model makes use of Indicator CoKriging and Bayesian Updating for modeling both the subjective and objective information about a site, taking into account the true three-dimensional nature of the data.
40
Licht, Meg. ""I Ragionamenti"-Visualizing St. Peter's". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44, n. 2 (1 maggio 1985): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thirteen architectural drawings by four architects-Bramante, Baldassare Peruzzi, Giuliano da Sangallo, and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger-all dating from the period between early 1505 to 18 April 1506, all except one in the Gabinetto dei Disegni e Stampe of the Uffizi, and all connected with the earliest proposals for the new St. Peter's, are examined to establish their authorship and date and the exact sequence in which they were executed. Beyond that, the chronological alignment of the drawings enables us to follow the process of visualizing and creating a building of an unprecedented type and an extraordinary scale. The ground plans of several small-scale prototypes-such as the Audience Hall of the Piazza d'Oro at Hadrian's Villa, the Oratorio of Santa Croce (a tiny 2nd- or 5th-century structure that stood near the Lateran Baptistery until the end of the 16th century), and the 9th-century San Satiro in Milan-are combined with elements of larger-scale prototypes such as San Lorenzo in Milan and the cathedrals of Milan, Pavia, and Florence in the search for a plan and elevation that are both spacious and structurally sound, that sum up both Roman architectural achievement and the heightened unities of Renaissance church design. The main concern in most of these drawings is the delineation of the crossing, the baldacchino formed by the great piers and the dome they support, protecting the tomb of St. Peter and the altar of the Early Christian church. Although in nearly every drawing some attention is paid to the outer perimeters of the building and its internal spatial divisions, many of those decisions are left in suspense, particularly the question of whether the building is to be centralized or longitudinal. Bramante's main concern was to establish the scale of the crossing, the size and shape of the piers and their distance from each other. This nucleus, constructed up through the pendentive level during his lifetime, set the scale for everything that was to follow. In the absence of a definitive plan attributable to the Bramante/Peruzzi team, the pier designs of Uff. 529 A verso and of f. 1466 verso of the Rothschild drawing book, and the interior of the crossing as it appears in the perspective drawing Uff. 2 A, are the best evidence of Bramante's permanent contribution. The drawings considered here trace the experiments with shape and scale that led to the establishment of these elements.
41
Stepkin, Vitaly Victorovich. "Cult caves building on the territory of European Russia". Samara Journal of Science 7, n. 4 (30 novembre 2018): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201874214.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper deals with cult caves building on the territory of European Russia. The author draws attention to the fact that the process primarily depended on the nature of rock formation where the caves were constructed. In a softer and loose ground the walls and the ceiling were strengthened by armour stone or bricks after taking up the rocks. There was no need in additional fastening of hard rocky ground. The waling was done according to the beds and rock jointing. An adze, a spade, a crowbar as well as other metal tools were used. Construction works proceeded both during the daytime and at night. The space was lighted with candles. The work was organized by the community formed during the cave construction with an active support of the local population. Drawings and plans of venerated underground holy places in Christian pilgrimage centres could be used for construction works. In case of making the cave construction official a professional architect could be invited, the example of it could be Belogorskaya cave which is the longest one in Russia. Intensity of work depended on the age and gender characteristics of the employed and official authorities.
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Samuel, Mark. "The Fifteenth-Century Garner at Leadenhall, London". Antiquaries Journal 69, n. 1 (marzo 1989): 119–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500043444.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Excavation and observations from 1984–6 on the Leadenhall Court site in the City of London revealed elements of the fifteenth-century market building known as ‘The Leadenhall’. The truncated foundations were located in various areas of the site; 177 medieval moulded stones were found reused in later cellar walls; and a fragment of the west wall survived to its full height of 11.17m encased between Victorian buildings. The recording and subsequent study of these features, together with a reassessment of such plans and drawings of the building as have survived, established the ground plan of the quadrangle and chapel, and made possible a complete reconstruction of the north range of this important civic building. The methodology used in the reconstructions is described with particular emphasis upon the analysis of the moulded stones. In conclusion, both the design of the structure and the documentary sources are studied to show how it may have been intended to function.The arcaded ground floor functioned as part of a common market, while the upper floors were intended to be a granary. For convenience, however, this dual-purpose building is referred to as the ‘garner’ throughout the text.
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Delegou, Ekaterini T., Georgia Mourgi, Elisavet Tsilimantou, Charalabos Ioannidis e Antonia Moropoulou. "A Multidisciplinary Approach for Historic Buildings Diagnosis: The Case Study of the Kaisariani Monastery". Heritage 2, n. 2 (20 aprile 2019): 1211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2020079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this work, a multi-disciplinary approach regarding diagnostic study processes is presented, using as an example the Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery in Attica, Greece. Kaisariani Monastery is considered one of the most important Byzantine architectural complexes in Greece. The Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery was built during the middle Byzantine period, and has undergone many reconstructions during the centuries. It is a semi-complex, four-columned, cross-in-square church, with a cloisonné masonry. The suggested diagnostic processes included the creation of multidisciplinary thematic maps in Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment, which incorporated: (a) data of historical and architectural documentation; (b) data of geometric documentation; and (c) data of building materials characterization and decay diagnosis. The historical and general architectural data were acquired by thorough bibliographical/archival research. Geometric documentation data were acquired by three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner for the creation of the Catholicon section drawings, whereas image based photogrammetric techniques were utilized for the creation of a 3D textured model, from which orthoimages and architectural drawings of the Catholicon façades were developed. In parallel, characterization of building materials and identification of decay patterns took place after the onsite application of the nondestructive techniques of digital microscopy, infrared thermography and ground penetrating radar. These vast array kinds of data were elaborated and integrated into the architectural drawings, developing thematic maps that record and represent the current preservation state of the monument, a concerning major construction phases, the most important conservation intervention projects, building materials and decay. Furthermore, data quantification regarding the extent of building materials and decay at each monument’s façade took place. Therefore, correlation and better understanding of the environmental impact on building materials according to façade orientation and historical data, e.g., construction phases, was accomplished. In conclusion, the presented processes are multidisciplinary tasks that require collaboration among architects, surveyor engineers and materials scientists/engineers. They are also prerequisites for the planning and application of compatible and efficient conservation/restoration interventions, for the ultimate goal of the sustainable protection of a monument.
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Lan, Yun Jennifer, Andreas Stavridis, Insung Kim, Guillermo Diaz-Fanas, Jon Heintz, Laura Hernández-Bassal, Esteban Anzola et al. "ATC Mw7.1 Puebla-Morelos earthquake reconnaissance observations: Structural observations and instrumentation". Earthquake Spectra 36, n. 2_suppl (dicembre 2020): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020977520.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
After the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake, the Applied Technology Council (ATC) funded a mission to Mexico City to collect structural, geotechnical, seismological, and damage information on concrete structures. The collected data set includes 70 reinforced concrete buildings and contains photos, design drawings, ground motion records, ambient vibration data, and reconnaissance observations, where available. This article presents the most important structural observations and instrumentation findings. The data show that, in buildings with a flexible lateral system, the unreinforced masonry infill walls resisted substantial load and prevented more severe damage to the structural system. Many previously retrofitted buildings failed in locally unreinforced areas, because retrofits did not comprehensively strengthen all weaknesses in the building. Significant damage was also observed in buildings with weak story irregularities and buildings founded on weak soil.
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Doricchi, Fabrizio, Chiara Incoccia e Gaspare Galati. "Influence of Figure-Ground Contrast on the Implicit and Explicit Processing of Line Drawings in Patients with Left Unilateral Neglect". Cognitive Neuropsychology 14, n. 4 (giugno 1997): 573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026432997381484.
Testo completo
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Carson, Linda, Nadine Quehl, Inara Aliev e James Danckert. "Angle-Based Drawing Accuracy Analysis and Mental Models of Three-Dimensional Space". Art & Perception 2, n. 1-2 (2014): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-00002019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Drawing from a still-life is a complex visuomotor task. Nevertheless, experts depict three-dimensional subjects convincingly with two-dimensional images. Studies of drawing have historically relied on human critics’ judgement of the drawings, the professional reputations and self-reported experience of the drawers. To extend that work, we developed an objective measurement of the accuracy of a perspective drawing, based on a comparison of the drawing with a ground truth photograph of the subject taken from the same viewpoint. If we measure the angles at intersecting edges in the drawings we can calculate both local errors and each person’s mean percentage magnitude error across angles in the still life. This gives a continuous objective measure of drawing accuracy that correlates well with years of art experience. Drawing expertise may depend to some extent on more accurate internal models of 3D space. To explore this possibility we had adults with a range of drawing experience draw a still life. Participants also made perceptual judgements of still lifes, both from direct observation and from an imagined side view. A conventional mental rotation task failed to differentiate drawing expertise. However, those who drew angles more accurately were also significantly better judges of slant, i.e., the pitch of edges in the still life. Those with the most drawing experience were significantly better judges of spatial extent, i.e., which landmarks were leftmost, rightmost, nearest, farthest etc. The ability to visualize in three dimensions the orientation and relationships of components of a still life predicts drawing accuracy and expertise.
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Mandal, Sayan, Samit Biswas, Amit Kumar Das e Bhabatosh Chanda. "Land Map Image Dataset: Ground-Truth And Classification Using Visual And Textural Features". Image Processing & Communications 19, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2014): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipc-2015-0024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Research on document image analysis is actively pursued in the last few decades and services like OCR, vectorization of drawings/graphics and various types of form processing are very common. Handwritten documents, old historical documents and documents captured through camera are now being the subjects of active research. However, another very important type of paper document, namely the map document image processing research suffers due to the inherent complexities of the map document and also for nonavailability of benchmark public data-sets. This paper presents a new data-set, namely, the Land Map Image Database (LMIDb) that consists of a variety of land maps images (446 images at present and growing; scanned at 200/300 dpi in TIF format) and the corresponding ground-truth. Using semiautomatic tools non-text part of the images are deleted and the text-only ground-truth is also kept in the database. This paper also presents a classification strategy for map images using which the maps in the database are automatically classified into Political (Po), Physical (Ph), Resource (R) and Topographic (T) maps. The automatic classification of maps help indexing of the images in LMIDb for archival and easy retrieval of the right maps to get the appropriate geographical information. Classification accuracy is also tested on the proposed data-set and the result is encouraging.
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Roark, Ryan. "“Stonehenge in the Mind” and “Stonehenge on the Ground”:". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 77, n. 3 (1 settembre 2018): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2018.77.3.285.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Stone-Heng Restored (1655), Inigo Jones, the father of English neoclassicism, used drawings, histories, and questionable logic to argue that Stonehenge was built by the ancient Romans and that it originally exhibited perfect Platonic geometries. This argument was never given much credence, but by 1725 the subject matter and the architect had received enough attention that two book-length responses (a challenge and a defense) were published, and both were then republished in a single volume alongside Jones's original text. While most Jones scholars have neglected this work because of its logical and historical shortcomings, Ryan Roark argues in “Stonehenge in the Mind” and “Stonehenge on the Ground”: Reader, Viewer, and Object in Inigo Jones's Stone-Heng Restored (1655) that it was in fact exemplary of what made Jones, for many, a protomodern architect and scholar. Rather than viewing Jones's book as an earnest attempt to prove a historical inaccuracy, Roark considers it as an exercise in formal analysis, one that set the precedent for the contemporary pedagogical trend of using geometric simplifications of existing structures as a first step in new design. Jones's idiosyncratic reading of Stonehenge belied the idea that such analysis could be anything but intensely reliant on the subjectivity of both architect and viewer.
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Bouchard, Frédéric, Julie Sansoulet, Michael Fritz, Julie Malenfant-Lepage, Alexandre Nieuwendam, Michel Paquette, Ashley C. A. Rudy et al. "“Frozen-Ground Cartoons”: Permafrost comics as an innovative tool for polar outreach, education, and engagement". Polar Record 54, n. 5-6 (settembre 2018): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247418000633.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractPermafrost occupies 20 million square kilometres of Earth’s high-latitude and high-altitude landscapes. These regions are sensitive to climate change and human activities; hence, permafrost research is of considerable scientific and societal importance. However, the results of this research are generally not known by the general public. Communicating scientific concepts is an increasingly important task in the research world. Different ways to engage learners and incorporate narratives in teaching materials exist, yet they are generally underused. Here we report on an international scientific outreach project called “Frozen-Ground Cartoons”, which aims at making permafrost science accessible and fun for students, teachers, and parents through the creation of comic strips. We present the context in which the project was initiated, as well as recent education and outreach activities. The future phases of the project primarily involve a series of augmented reality materials, such as maps, photos, videos, and 3D drawings. With this project we aim to foster understanding of permafrost research among broader audiences, inspire future permafrost researchers, and raise public and science community awareness of polar science, education, outreach, and engagement.
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Parisi, Luca, Amir Zaernia, Renfei Ma e Mansour Youseffi. "Ηyper-sinh-Convolutional Neural Network for Early Detection of Parkinson’s Disease from Spiral Drawings". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER RESEARCH 9 (31 marzo 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232018.2021.9.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Modern developments in the state-of-the-art open-source activation functions for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have broadened the selection of benchmark activations for Deep Learning (DL)-aided classification. Nevertheless, achieving discrimination of non-linear input image data in CNN is still not straightforward and it is unclear how such novel activation functions can have translational applications with tangible impact. hyper-sinh, made freely available in TensorFlow and Keras, was demonstrated as a benchmark activation function on five (N=5) datasets in its ground-breaking paper. Measuring the value from deploying this activation in a specific application is pivotal to supply the required evidence of its performance on real-life supervised DL-based image classification tasks. In this study, a CNN was for the first time combined with hypersinh to aid early detection of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) from discriminating pathophysiological patterns extracted from spiral drawings. Thus, the hyper-sinh activation was deployed to maximise the separability of the input features from spiral drawings via automated pattern recognition. We demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of hyper-sinh-CNN to aid early diagnosis of PD, evaluated against other gold standard activation functions, including the recent Quantum ReLU (QReLU) and the modified Quantum ReLU (m-QReLU) that solved the ‘dying ReLU’ problem for the first time in the literature of DL. Two (N=2) benchmark datasets from the database of the Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University in Brazil, scaled to be in 28 by 28 pixels as the MNIST benchmark data, were used to discriminate between input image patterns of 158 subjects (53 healthy controls and 105 patients with PD) from spirals drawn on graphics tablets. Overtraining was avoided via early stopping and the models were developed and tested in TensorFlow and Keras (Python 3.6). The supervised model (hyper-sinh-CNN) could detect early Parkinson’s Disease with 81% and 91% classification accuracy from the two datasets respectively (F1-scores: 73% and 91% correspondingly). Furthermore, the model achieved high sensitivity (81% and 91%). Thus, this study validates the application of hyper-sinh to aid real-life supervised DL-based image classification, in particular early diagnosis of PD from spiral drawings.