Tesi sul tema "Greffés du cœur"
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Maltais, Caroline. "Étude exploratoire du processus de prise de décision, à travers des facteurs qui l'influencent, chez les personnes ayant opté pour la transplantation cardiaque". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28865/28865.pdf.
Testo completoIn the contemporary society, the scientific discoveries and the arrival of the technologies brought an important increase of the possibilities of treatments. This complicated the decision-making for the patient in the choice of a treatment. The main objective of this study was to investigate the process of decision-making, through the factors which influence it, with cardiac insufficient persons having opted for a heart transplant. This study leans on the model of Joane Noone because it identifies contextual factors (environmental and personal) connected with this process. The methodology articulates around a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was made by means of semi-structured interviews. The study was realized with eight persons suffering from cardiac insufficiency and having opted for the transplantation. The results demonstrate that the condition of health is the main factor of the decision-making in a choice of the heart transplant. It can take two forms, that is a reduced quality of life (connected with the evolution of the disease) or a physical state favorable to the success of the surgery. We also note that the "choice" of the non-choice is an important element of the decision. Finally, the results of this study will contribute to a better knowledge of factors connected with the decision-making and will allow to support better the patients in their choices, so reflecting their preferences and their values.
Abdallah, Ali Nachaat. "Cytokynes et rejet de greffe de cœur et de moelle : suivi biologique de cytokines plasmatiques, implication de variations du gène du TNF-alpha dans le risque de rejet sévère de greffe cardiaque". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28440.
Testo completoAmong the elements of the cytokine cascade occuring with a heart-graft rejection or developing when there are major bone marrow transplantation related complications (TRC), tumor necrosis alpha (TNF) alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are highly implicated. We studied 186 patients who undervent a bone marrow transplantation (106 autografted and 80 allografted). They were investigated for retrospective plasma TNF alpha, IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2 R)levels in order to appreciate their possible implication in TRC development. The cytokine evolution was followed in the three periods : pre-graft, post-graft first quater, post-graft second quater. High levels of sIL-2-R and especially of IL-6 were noted in patients developing TRC or suffering from graft-versus host disease acute (GVHA) or chronic (GVHC). . TNF alpha showed no link between GVHA or TRC, but was associated with extensive GVHD. In a cohort of 142 patients, we analysed blood specimens contemporary with the histological biopsy. Significant differences of plasma interleukin-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF alpha levels appeared between patients without severe rejection. By studying weekly blood samples of a group of 27 patients from the day of the transplantation, it was possible to emphasize a specific TNF alpha increase in the severe rejection risk while it was not possible to demontrate the significance due to the too small number of our patient sample. The individual variabuility of TNF gene (extragenic polymorphisms, microsatellites, promotor sequence) was studied by restriction analysis and direct sequencing which demonstrated some interesting relations with TNF alpha production, especially a significant difference appearing for some TNFa microsatellites according to rejection gravity
Magne, Julien. "Traitement chirurgical des valvulopathies mitrales : impacts hemodynamique, fonctionnel et clinique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20133.
Testo completoKoenig, Marie. "Le rétablissement dans la schizophrénie : l'expérience des sujets au cœur d'un nouveau paradigme évolutif". Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/181612569#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the clinical and theoretical aspects of recovery in schizophrenia. Several lines of evidence from recent studies suggest that a majority of patient diagnosed with schizophrenia achieve full or partial recovery during life time. This progress is characterized by a decrease of the deficits observed in this disorder (remission, clinical recovery), but also – even specifically – changes in self-experience of the disease (self-experience recovery). Our study examines, from epistemological, psychopathological, as well as therapeutic point of view, the convergent and divergent points between these different progressive aspects. Hetero and auto-evaluation clinical scaling performed on 26 subjects with schizophrenia showed a divergence in the recovering progress between the symptomatic remission, the functional remission and the self-experience recovery. This result supports the originality of the self-experience approach of recovery. The core of our study is to highlight individual life experience from these 26 subjects using interviews. Following descriptive analysis of the interviews we are proposing a dynamic model of the recovery in three psychological processes: consciousness of the disorder, acceptance of the disorder and self-recognition. The concept of “narrative identity” seems to articulate these different components and self-experience recovery is understood as the process that redefines the historical meaning of the self. The theoretical and clinical implications of our results will be discussed below as well as the paradigmatic statute of the self-experience recovery in the field of mental health
Poquet, Marie-Noëlle. "Interleukine 2 et transplantation cœur-poumons, dosage du récepteur soluble de l'interleukine 2 dans le lavage bronchio-alvéolaire et dans le sang chez les transplantés pulmonaires et cardio-pulmonaires". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23118.
Testo completoStauff, Nicolas. "Etude conceptuelle d’un cœur de quatrième génération, refroidi au sodium, à combustible de type carbure". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112284.
Testo completoCompared with earlier plant designs (Phénix, Super-Phénix, EFR), GEN IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor requires improved economics while meeting safety and non-proliferation criteria. Mixed Oxide (U-Pu)O2 fuels are considered as the reference fuels due to their important and satisfactory feedback experience. However, innovative carbide (U-Pu)C fuels can be considered as serious competitors for a prospective SFR fleet since carbide-fueled SFRs can offer another type of optimization which might overtake on some aspects the oxide fuel technology. The goal of this thesis is to reveal the potentials of carbide by designing an optimum carbide-fueled SFR with competitive features and a naturally safe behavior during transients. For a French nuclear fleet, a 1500 MW(e) break-even core is considered.To do so, a multi-physic approach was developed taking into account neutronics, fuel thermo-mechanics and thermal-hydraulic at a pre-design stage. Simplified modeling with the calculation of global neutronic feedback coefficients and a quasi-static evaluation was developed to estimate the behavior of a core during overpower transients, loss of flow and/or loss of heat removal transients. The breakthrough of this approach is to provide the designer with an overall view of the iterative process, emphasizing the well-suited innovations and the most efficient directions that can improve the SFR design project.This methodology was used to design a core that benefits from the favorable features of carbide fuels. The core developed is a large carbide-fueled SFR with high power density, low fissile inventory, break-even capability and forgiving behaviors during the unscrammed transients studied that should prevent using expensive mitigate systems. However, the core-peak burnup is unlikely to significantly exceed 100 MWd/kg because of the large swelling of the carbide fuel leading to quick pellet-clad mechanical interaction and the low creep capacity of carbide. Moderate linear power fuel pins require both a large initial sodium-bonded gap, delaying the fuel clad mechanical interaction, and a clad able to accommodate it by its high irradiation creep capacity.Irradiated carbide fuel performances predicted for an industrial SFR design are lower than the one obtained in the FBTR reactor irradiations, where 155 MWd/kg was obtained. This difference was studied and partly explained by the lower flux of experimental reactor delaying the embrittlement criterion. Innovative designs are now being considered to enhance the carbide-fueled pins burnup performance of industrial cores. The first innovative design uses a buffer technology to induce a delay in getting to the fuel clad mechanical interaction. The second innovative design is a core using high plutonium content so as to optimize the fluence over burnup ratio. Preliminary results show that a burnup higher than 100 MWd/kg can be reached.As a conclusion, this global approach has proven to be efficient in revealing the benefits gained using carbide fuel in a SFR. An optimum SFR core was designed exhibiting economic competitiveness while having inherent behavior during transient and reaching high burnup performance
Arnoud, Françoise. "Intérêt de la glutathion-S-transférase alpha lors de l'hépatite chronique à transaminases normales et lors du suivi de greffe hépatique". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P052.
Testo completoMedouda, Sabrina. "Écrire, penser, panser ? : Véronique Tadjo et Tanella Boni ou l’écriture féminine au cœur de la violence". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20121/document.
Testo completoThrough this study, a theoretical essay on literary devices at the heart of writing violence in sub-Saharan Africa in the twenty-first century will be proposed. The objective of this work will be to determine if the existence of a feminine literary device emerging in response to a violent context is conceivable. The highlight of this study will be to demonstrate how the literary device is interacting with the violent device by introducing both order and disorder, beyond the generic borders. This research focuses on six works written between 2000 and 2010. Tanella Boni, writer and philosopher, will be honored through the study of two novels: "Curfew" (2005) and "Negroes n ' will never go to heaven" (2006). To these two fictions will be grafted his poetic opus "Everyday Hope" (2002). We will compare these works with two fiction and a poetic collection of Veronique Tadjo: "The shadow of Imana: Travels to the end of Rwanda" (2000) and "Far from my father" (2010) and "Midway" (2000)
Kearney, Michèle. "L'impact du diabète gestationnel sur le profil de risque cardiométabolique des enfants exposés pendant leur période fœtale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30328.
Testo completoGestational diabetes increases the risk of pregnancy and delivery adverse outcomes. Moreover, individuals exposed in utero may be at higher risk of developing health problems such as type 2 diabetes. Many studies aim to investigate the association between gestational diabetes exposure and increased adiposity during childhood, adolescence or adulthood. However, a majority of these studies used the body mass index as an adiposity measure. Other methods that estimate adipose tissue quantity and distribution with more accuracy could provide measures that are better associated with cardiometabolic risk and therefore, could help to better understand the impact of gestational diabetes exposure on health. In this context, this project aimed to study the association between prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes and cardiometabolic risk profile in children. More specifically, the aim of the study was to compare body composition and body fat distribution of children aged between three to twelve years old who had been exposed and non-exposed to gestational diabetes and to investigate if these adiposity measures were associated with glycemic profile. Results reveal an increased fat mass proportion and a more centralized body fat distribution in children born from a mother who experienced a diabetic pregnancy. Moreover, alterations observed in the body composition of children were associated with a detrimental glycemic profile. There is a need for more studies to understand when and how these cardiometabolic alterations are developing and to investigate if it is possible to prevent their emergence and later evolution into obesity or type 2 diabetes in the longer term.
Jacob, Aglaée. "Indice glycémique, charge glycémique et profil de risque cardiovasculaire". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19335.
Testo completoMarchand, Geneviève B. "Impact du taux de stéroïdes circulants sur la distribution du tissu adipeux et les altérations métaboliques chez la femme". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31428.
Testo completoThe physiopathology of obesity is a complex phenomenon resulting in many metabolic complications like type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Adipose tissue depots from various locations are morphologically heterogeneous and a preferential accumulation in the visceral area is more closely associated with metabolic disorders than subcutaneous fat accumulation. The sex dimorphism observed in human body fat distribution supports important role for sex hormones in this phenomenon. The goal of this master thesis was to elucidate the relation between plasma steroid hormone levels, adipose tissue distribution and cardiometabolic risk variables in women. First, we studied the relation between circulating estrogens and adiposity as well as metabolic parameters in menopausal women. We observed positive associations between estrogens and metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance, but these associations were explained by the concomitant variation of total body fat mass. Second, we investigated the associations between androgens, their metabolites and precursors, with adipose tissue distribution and function in premenopausal women. We observed that many androstanes were negatively related with total adiposity. Moreover, some steroids, especially pregnenolone were negatively associated with markers of adipose tissue dysfunction. Together, ours results point toward the importance of adipose tissue in the regulation of circulating sex hormones.
Garneau, Véronique. "Biomarqueurs de l'exposition à la diète". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27660/27660.pdf.
Testo completoRiverin, Mélissa. "Effet de l'alimentation méditerranéenne sur le profil de risque cardiovasculaire chez l'homme et la femme". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26852/26852.pdf.
Testo completoScol, Florent. "Amplification et transport fibré d’impulsions énergétiques pour les pilotes des installations laser de puissance". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10129/document.
Testo completoCompactness, stability and beam quality are some benefits of fiber lasers. In large scale laser facilities, those systems are already used to generate and amplify pulses but are limited to the nanojoule range. The goal of this thesis consists in building a millijoule range system satisfying large scale laser facility requirements. Amplification and beam delivery systems have been considered. In the first case, an all-fiber MOPA has been realized. Using a 32 µm mode field diameter tapered fiber, we amplified 10 ns pulses up to 500 µJ with excellent temporal, spectral and spatial properties. In a second step, we consider the fiber beam delivery of those pulses over 15 m. In order to minimize nonlinear effects, hollow-core fibers have been used. This way, thanks to a 21 µm mode field diameter fiber, 30 kW peak power nanosecond pulses have been delivered over 15 m with negligible temporal and spectral distortions. In addition of amplification and beam delivery, we also considered technological building blocks which could be used to modified actual fiber seeder architecture. Chirped laser diode has been used to generate pulses and allowed us to finally obtained 1,25 mJ with our MOPA system. Fiber spatial beam shaping has also been performed in the 100 µJ range thanks to a microstructured, single-mode, polarization maintaining fiber which delivers a coherent top-hat beam. Finally, this work confirms the great potential of fiber systems for high energy amplification and beam delivery for the next generation of large scale laser facilities seeder
Faucher, Geneviève. "Étude de la composante génétique de l'état inflammatoire associé à l'obésité". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27311/27311.pdf.
Testo completoRancourt-Bouchard, Maryka. "Impacts de la consommation de produits laitiers faibles et riches en gras sur la tension artérielle et autres facteurs de risque cardiométabolique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33493.
Testo completoCardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide and hypertension is a major risk factor. Healthy eating plays a key role in blood pressure (BP) management. Data from observational studies suggest that consumption of dairy products, particularly those low in fat, is associated with lower BP and lower risk of developing hypertension. However, the results of clinical studies suggest a neutral effect of dairyproductconsumption on office BP. The controlled feeding study conducted as part of this memoiraimed to evaluate the effect of milk and cheese consumption on daytime ambulatory BP and other cardiometabolic risk factors. In a cross-over design, 55 participants were randomly assigned to a sequence of 3 experimental isoenergetic diets of 6 weeks each : 1) a control dairy-freediet; 2) a diet comprising 3 portions of 1% low-fat milk; and 3) a diet comprising 1 portion of cheddar cheese (31% fat) naturally enriched in -aminobutyric acid. Both ambulatory and clinical BP values were similar after each diet. In subjects with baseline ambulatory diastolic BP below the median, the milk diet significantly decreased the daytime ambulatory diastolic BP by 2 mmHg compared with the control diet. These results suggest that short-term milk and cheese consumption has an overall neutral effect on BP.
Blouin, Mélissa. "Gain pondéral et antipsychotiques de seconde génération : comportements alimentaires et risque cardiovasculaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25285/25285.pdf.
Testo completoVallières, Maggie. "Profil hormonal, dysfonctions sexuelles et facteurs de risque de maladie cardiovasculaire chez des patients traités par des antipsychotiques de seconde génération". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25108/25108.pdf.
Testo completoScol, Florent. "Amplification et transport fibré d’impulsions énergétiques pour les pilotes des installations laser de puissance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10129.
Testo completoCompactness, stability and beam quality are some benefits of fiber lasers. In large scale laser facilities, those systems are already used to generate and amplify pulses but are limited to the nanojoule range. The goal of this thesis consists in building a millijoule range system satisfying large scale laser facility requirements. Amplification and beam delivery systems have been considered. In the first case, an all-fiber MOPA has been realized. Using a 32 µm mode field diameter tapered fiber, we amplified 10 ns pulses up to 500 µJ with excellent temporal, spectral and spatial properties. In a second step, we consider the fiber beam delivery of those pulses over 15 m. In order to minimize nonlinear effects, hollow-core fibers have been used. This way, thanks to a 21 µm mode field diameter fiber, 30 kW peak power nanosecond pulses have been delivered over 15 m with negligible temporal and spectral distortions. In addition of amplification and beam delivery, we also considered technological building blocks which could be used to modified actual fiber seeder architecture. Chirped laser diode has been used to generate pulses and allowed us to finally obtained 1,25 mJ with our MOPA system. Fiber spatial beam shaping has also been performed in the 100 µJ range thanks to a microstructured, single-mode, polarization maintaining fiber which delivers a coherent top-hat beam. Finally, this work confirms the great potential of fiber systems for high energy amplification and beam delivery for the next generation of large scale laser facilities seeder