Tesi sul tema "Gravure par couche atomique"
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Antoun, Gaëlle. "Cryo-gravure de couches atomiques par plasma : mécanismes et procédés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3067.
Testo completoThis PhD was conducted at GREMI in collaboration with Tokyo Electron Ltd, that has also financed the project. The purpose of this study was to develop a new Atomic Layer Etching (ALE) process at cryogenic temperature for silicon-based materials etching.Cryo-ALE consists on etching one to few monolayers after decreasing the substrate temperature. The first step of this process is the injection of liquid nitrogen to cool the chuck and cool the wafer by injecting He at its backside to ensure the thermal conductivity. Once the wafer temperature has been stabilized, reactive species are injected in gas phase in order to physisorb on the cooled surfaces. As the reactor walls are kept at room temperature, no adsorption occurs on it. The third step is to pump or purge the chamber by Argon in order to remove all the surplus of the reactive gas that did not physisorb. An argon plasma with bias is then started in order to bring enough energy by the ions to make modify the surface of the sample and etch one to few monolayers of the substrate. This step is self-limited, as once all the modified surface is removed, no more etching occurs.To conduct this study, an ICP cryogenic research reactor has been used. On it an in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometer was coupled to monitor the thickness variation in real time, and an Electrostatic Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer was used to analyze the species present in reactor chamber during the process and know more about the mechanisms.Quasi in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy has also been performed at the laboratory IMN for surface analysis at low temperature.The main advantage of this process based on the physisorption of reactive species, is that it enables to limit reactor walls contamination and hence prevent process drifts.In parallel, a second process was developed at cryogenic temperatures but where the modification step was performed in plasma phase. This second process enabled to achieve high selectivity between Si3N4 over Si and SiO2
Pezeril, Maxime. "Développement d'un procédé de gravure par plasma pour les transistors de puissance à base de matériaux III-V". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT049.
Testo completoIn power electronics industry, Gallium Nitride (GaN) is a promising material by his properties, especially the wide gap and high voltage working. The devices, called HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistors), are based on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure property : the Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The manufacturing of power devices inlcudes several critical steps when the GaN is degraded. This thesis works focused on the plasma induced damages and present several processes to reduce these degradations.We first studied the impact of mask used for patterning with a Cl-based Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) process followed by Atomic Layer Etching (ALE). XPS, AFM and SEM gate profile analysis highlighted degradation mechanisms involving the masks. The comparison between resist mask and dielectric masks, called hard masks, have shown 2 types of passivation. The first one is a polymer deposition on the sidewalls of the gate during resist mask etching. The second one is thin layer deposition on the sidewalls and the bottom of the gate during silicon oxide mask etching. This passivation, slowing the ALE down, has been avoided by ion bombardment energy modification.Considering the first results, we tried several alternative plasma etching processes. The nature of the species used has been clearly identified as a strong factor of degradation, especially HBr. Furthermore, the modification of the bias voltage for the Cl-based process confirms that ion bombardment energy is the main factor of GaN degradation. The use of bias-pulsed processes shows promising results.Finally, the last works focused on MOS (GaN/Al2O3/Ni/Au capacity performances analysis following plasma etching conditions. The Capacity-Voltage C(V) characterizations put emphasis on the add of clean steps between GaN plasma etching and alumine Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) : in situ O2 dry strip (without bias voltage) and HCL wet strip before furnace loading
Rollier, Anne-Sophie Collard Dominique Buchaillot Lionel. "Technologies microsystèmes avancées pour le fonctionnement de dispositifs en milieu liquide et les applications nanométriques". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1036.
Testo completoN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3891. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
HEHN, Michel. "ELABORATION, ETUDE DES PROPRIETES STRUCTURALES ET MAGNETIQUES DE COUCHES ET RESEAUX DE PLOTS SUBMICRONIQUES A BASE DE COBALT". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002760.
Testo completoXU, XIANG ZHEN. "Les mecanismes de croissance de films de bi#2sr#2cuo#x deposes sequentiellement couche atomique par couche atomique". Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066278.
Testo completoRollier, Anne-Sophie. "Technologies microsystèmes avancées pour le fonctionnement de dispositifs en milieu liquide et les applications nanométriques". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128689.
Testo completoL'innovation réside dans l'intégration d'un actionnement propre directement sur le capteur, pour diminuer la quantité de fluide déplacé par rapport à un actionnement déporté d'une sonde classique, et d'une pointe effilée par un nanotube de carbone, pour atteindre une résolution latérale inférieure au nm.
La recherche de la compréhension des phénomènes physiques entrant en jeu a conduit à une modélisation analytique complète du comportement dynamique du levier en milieu liquide. Cette modélisation, intégrant les phénomènes de dissipation intrinsèque à la structure et ceux dus au milieu liquide, permet d'optimiser les paramètres géométriques du capteur conduisant aux meilleures performances en terme de fréquence de résonance (>MHz) et de coefficient de qualité (>10). Des leviers aux dimensions optimales pour un actionnement en milieu liquide ont ainsi été fabriqués par technique de micro-usinage de surface et de volume. Deux voies technologiques ont été envisagées : l'actionnement électrostatique et l'actionnement piézoélectrique qui, au vue de l'étude bibliographique, sont les deux principes d'actionnement les plus adaptés à la détection de force en milieu liquide.
La résolution latérale nanométrique a été obtenue en intégrant à l'extrémité du levier une pointe à apex très effilée. Une première méthode a consisté à utiliser la croissance localisée d'un unique nanotube de carbone dans le prolongement de la pointe. Cette étape a été rendue possible par une collaboration intensive avec le LEPES et plus particulièrement avec Anne-Marie Bonnot où une statistique de greffage de nanotubes de carbone a été réalisée sur des champs de pointe à géométrie variable pour contrôler, entre autre, la longueur des tubes obtenus à l'apex des pointes en silicium. Le procédé de dépôt des nanotubes de carbone étant réalisé à haute température (>800°C), il n'est donc compatible qu'avec une technologie de fabrication haute tempérautre comme c'est le cas de l'actionnement électrostatique (1100°C). Une autre méthode est donc utilisée pour effiler les pointes en silicium des leviers piézoélectriques à technologie froide (<650°C). La pointe est fabriquée avant le dépôt des couches de PZT qui réalisent l'actionnement et un apex nanométrique est obtenu par cycles d'oxydation-désoxydation.
Ainsi les leviers actifs ont pu être caractérisés dans l'air et dans l'eau par vibrométrie laser puis par AFM, les leviers comportant un support aux dimensions entièrement compatibles avec les AFM commerciaux. Les effets d'électrolyse et d'écrantage du potentiel des électrodes, inhérents au milieu liquide d'actionnement, ont été d'autre part étudiés.
Cette étude pluridisciplinaire en collaboration avec le LEPES (nanotube de carbone) et le CPMOH (caractérisations AFM des pointes à nanotubes) a permis de fabriquer une nouvelle génération de sondes actives AFM adaptées au milieu liquide.
Soriano, casero Robert. "Etude de la gravure du SiN contrôlée a l'échelle atomique par implantation d'O2 suivi de gravure ultra-sélective SiO2/SiN en plasma déporté NF3/NH3". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT003/document.
Testo completoSince the beginning of microelectronics, the industry has continuously developed new plasma etching technologies to reduce the size of devices while reducing the cost of manufacturing and increase the performance of integrated circuits. Today, transistors such as 22nm FDSOI or 10nm FinFET must be engraved with sub-nanometric precision and without damaging the underlayment on more than one atomic layer. To achieve this, new technologies are developing, including the Smart Etch. This two-step technology involves modifying the surface of the material under the action of a plasma and then removing selectively the modified material from the unmodified material. The aim of this thesis is to study the feasibility of replacing the He and H2 plasmas used in the Smart Etch by O2 plasmas. The interest is the oxidation of the material, that it is a real chemical modification, allowing latter the selective elimination by RPS. Moreover, unlike He / H2 plasma, the O2 plasma does not damage the reactor walls and releases much less impurities into the plasma. Firstly, we studied the gaseous mixtures NF3 / H2 and NF3 / NH3 used in the step of RPS remove. Thouse studies were done through VUV absorption spectroscopy and UV emission. We have demonstrated the creation of HF in both mixtures and we have indirectly highlighted the creation of NH4F (this species plays a key role in the formation of salts) from NH3 and HF. In addition we observed the presence of F and H which are responsible for the etching of SiO2 and SiN when H2
Melo, Sánchez Claudia de. "Croissance sélective de Cu2O et Cu métallique par dépôt par couche atomique sur ZnO et leur application en optoélectronique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0040.
Testo completoIn this work we present the results on the selective growth of Cu2O and metallic Cu by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on ZnO, Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and α-Al2O3 substrates. It was possible to tune the deposited material (Cu or Cu2O) by controlling the deposition temperature, and the substrate conductivity/density of donor defects. An area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) process was demonstrated on a patterned bi-layer structure composed of low-conductive ZnO, and highly-conductive AZO regions. Furthermore, the AS-ALD allows the fabrication of Cu2O/ZnO/AZO/Cu-back-electrode nanojunctions, as confirmed by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The mechanism behind the temperature and spatial selectivities is discussed. In a second part of this thesis, Cu nanoparticles (NP) were deposited by ALD on ZnO thin films. The Cu NP exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance, tunable from the visible to the near-infrared regions, as confirmed by spectroscopic ellipsometry. An enhanced visible photo-response was observed in the Cu NP/ZnO device thanks to the hot-electron generation at the surface of the plasmonic Cu NP and transfer into the conduction band of ZnO. Finally, semi-transparent Cu2O/ZnO heterojunctions were fabricated by ALD and reactive magnetron sputtering. The heterojunctions present a stable self-powered photo-response under 1 Sun illumination, fast response times and high transparency in the visible region, which is promising for all-oxide transparent electronics, photodetection and photovoltaics
Vital, Alexane. "Elaboration de masques nano poreux de polymères et gravure profonde du silicium". Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2011/document.
Testo completoIn microelectronics, current techniques for supercapacitors manufacturing requires the development of nanostructured patterns with high specific surface. We are interested in an emerging alternative approach to conventional 'top-down' fabrication techniques based on blends of homopolymers. Indeed, two polymers with different chemistries in thin films can lead to phase separation with cylindrical domains of sub-micrometer size. A cryogenic plasma through these masks can produce nanostructuration with a high specific surface. The work of this thesis focused on the realization of thin films and on the understanding of the mechanisms to obtain the final morphology. A study on solvent deposition and exposure was led to determine their influence on the morphologies. The parameters influencing the size of the domains are then studied. Domains of less than 100 nm were obtained. Finally, the study of an alternative method of deposition by dip-coating enabled to obtain a variety of morphologies in one step and for the same solution. This work was then directed towards the realization of structured surfaces by plasma etching of the silicon through this masks. Two methods were used, adapted and optimized to achieve deep etched without default. The process StiGer aniso allows to obtain this and with better repeatability. Another axis is developed. It is focused on the optimization of the selectivity by modifying the nature of the mask. We succeed in obtaining a selectivity of 70: 1 with a mask of poly(styrene) stained by Ru
Hazim, Mostafa. "Mesures des sections efficaces d'ionisations de la couche K induites par des protons de haute énergie pour une large plage de numéro atomique". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4100/document.
Testo completoThe knowledge of the K-Shell ionization cross sections is necessary to perform quantitative analyzes with the high energy PIXE method (HEPIXE) as well as to validate theoretical models like the the ECPSSR model. Currently, experimental data available are scarce.Within this context, an experimental campaign has been conducted at the ARRONAX cyclotron with the aim of measuring these cross-sections in a wide energy range (from 30 MeV to 68 MeV) and for a wide range of atoms. In order to obtain the most precise measurements, all the parameters of the experimental devices necessary for these measurements, such as energy efficiencies and geometry of the detector, the beam and the targets, have been characterized accurately A special care has been made to select the most accurate physical parameters from the literature data, like the K-shell fluorescence yields and the X-rays emission rates. Finally, a low-energy experiment (6 MeV/u) was performed and the results are in good agreement with the bibliographic data validating our approach and our tools. This experiment also allows to link our data to the existing experimental data.A coherent and reliable set of new cross section data has been measured. The values given by the ECPSSR model in our energy range show a difference of less than 10% for heavy atoms and less than 20% for light atoms. Taking into account the relativistic effect of the projectile, model RECPSSR, reduces this difference especially for heavy elements
Masse, de la Huerta César Arturo. "Développement de la technique dépôt par couche atomique spatiale (SALD) pour la fabrication de couches minces type P d'oxyde de cuivre (I) conductrices". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI067.
Testo completoTo successfully design the instrumentation needed for new manufacturing technologies with nanoscale precision, the design methodology must take into account many different topics related to chemistry, physics, mechanics, electronics and automation, working together to achieve the desired goal. In this thesis, this design methodology has been implemented with a large number of tools and approaches to successfully optimize a nanofabrication method called spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) in order to deposit thin films. a potentially useful material as a component of non-silicon solar energy devices, photoelectrochemical water separators and transparent thin-film electronic components, among others: cuprous oxide (Cu2O).With respect to manufacturing technology and mechatronics design, SALD is a promising manufacturing technique that enables the fabrication of thin films with nanoscale precision and the ability to control their mechanical, electrical and crystallographic properties. In addition, the SALD approach used in this thesis and in the Laboratoire des Matèriaux et du Génie Physique(LMGP) works in the open air (without a repository) and is therefore potentially an industry-compatible approach to film Thin homogeneous high-area manufacturing with high throughput. In addition, SALD can be used under conditions that make it compatible with flexible substrates and roll-to-roll approaches (R2R). Finally, SALD offers flexibility on the deposit process so that it can be adjusted to obtain different properties on films manufactured with a minimum of instrumentation modification.Using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations, the fluid mechanics phenomena that occur during the deposition process in the SALD system were analyzed for different reactor configurations. The influence on the properties of the film was studied and a validation with experimental deposits was carried out. Then, using the knowledge and guidance obtained with CFD simulations, and to reduce the cost and complexity of modifying certain mechanical components of the system, a workflow that includes computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing additive (also called 3D printing) printing) was set up at the LMGP for the manufacture of one of the main components of the LMGP SALD system: the deposit head. Here, it is the first time that such an innovative manufacturing technique has been applied to thin-film nanofabrication processes, offering many potential applications in the field. In this thesis, such a workflow is presented and explained, along with learned guidelines and discovered limitations also presented.Finally, thin layers of Cu2O have been successfully deposited with the SALD method. Cu2O is one of the few materials with promising electronic properties as a p-type transparent semiconductor. Here, Cu2O films made using the LMGP SALD system are reported and their p-type conductivity and crystallography are analyzed.The results of this work provide initial guidance for the industrial design of a high throughput manufacturing system based on SALD technology optimized for each desired material. This design approach also makes this work useful for increasing the amount of SALD compatible materials, as well as for further developing the SALD methodology in innovative materials and device manufacturing processes
Guymont, Olivier. "Mise au point et caractérisation d'une source d'oxygène atomique : application au dépôt de couches minces supraconducteurs à haute température critique obtenues par pulvérisation cathodique". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10317.
Testo completoVallat, Rémi. "Dépôts sélectifs d'oxydes de Titane et de Tantale par ajout d'un plasma de gravure dans un procédé PEALD pour application aux mémoires résistives". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT073/document.
Testo completoAt advanced nodes, lithography starts to dominate the wafer cost (EUV, managing multiple mask passes per layer and pattern placement error….). Therefore, complementary techniques are needed to continue extreme scaling and extend Moore’s law. Selective deposition and etching is one of them because they can be used to increase and enhance patterning capabilities at very low cost. From all the different deposition processes, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is maybe the most suitable technique to develop a selective process due to its very good coverage property and its high surface sensitivity. This process is called Area Selective Deposition and is a selective deposition process for bottom-up construction It is usually based on a specific surface activation or deactivation treatment in order to activate or limit / inhibit chemical reactions with the ALD precursor / reactant. This surface modifications are usually obtained by using seed layer (activation) or organic groups such as Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAM) (deactivation). Another pathway for selective area deposition with ALD is to take advantage of the inherent substrate-dependent growth initiation: this is inherent selectivity based on difference of nucleation delay. In this thesis, we have proposed a new ASD process of thin oxide by combining atomic layer deposition and etching step (super-cycle) for a 3D Vertical RAM integration. This allows the selective growth of a thin oxide on a metal substrate without deposition on an insulator and/or a semi-conductor substrate(s). The etching step is achieved by NF3 addition in an oxygen plasma every n cycles of the PEALD process allowing (1) to etch the oxide layer on Si and/or SiO2 surface while keeping few nanometers of oxide on TiN substrate and (2) to passivate this two surfaces and to add a new incubation time on Si or SiO2 substrates. We used this process for the deposition of two oxides that are currently under study for non-volatile resistive memories applications: Ta2O5 and TiO2. The intention for memory application is to realize a crosspoint memory in Back-End level from a pattern area or a trench area without the photolithography step
Colonna, Stefano. "Etude par absorption X de super-réseaux supraconducteurs et couches minces métalliques". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10118.
Testo completoKierren, Bertrand. "Étude des propriétés électroniques et magnétiques du cérium dans les interfaces Ce/Fe par des techniques spectroscopiques haute énergie". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10017.
Testo completoDupre, de baubigny Julien. "Etude de nanoménisques par AFM et MEB : hydrodynamique de la couche visqueuse, élasticité de l'interface et dynamique de la ligne de contact". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0032/document.
Testo completoThe recent development of nanofluidic raises many issues about laws and characteristic lengths governing hydrodynamics and wetting at the nanometer scale. To address this issue, we used advanced microscopy techniques to probe the liquid/air interface with unconventional tips. The oscillating frequency modulation mode (FM-AFM) of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) gives independent access to the force applied by the liquid during an approach-withdrawal ramp, and to the conservative and dissipative components of the tip-meniscus interaction. Additional experiments conducted by electron microscopy (SEM) helped visualizing the shape of nanomeniscus to measure the resulting capillary force.The viscous layer set in motion by the oscillation of the tip is studied first. The friction coefficient and the added mass are measured by AFM-FM as a function of the viscosity of the liquid and of the excitation frequency. A model based on a classical description reflects quantitatively all experimental results enabling an evaluation of the velocity field caused by the nanoprobe.The developed methods also served to study the properties of the liquid interface. Nanomeniscus profile is modeled and validated through SEM observations. The stiffness measured experimentally by FM-AFM and described theoretically shows a logarithmic dependence with the lateral extension of the meniscus.Preliminary results are also obtained with carbon tips on which the contact line slides, giving access to the energy dissipation in the nanomeniscus and at the contact line, as well as to the anchoring of single defaults, an open issue of wetting physics.This study demonstrates that FM-AFM and SEM are relevant tools to probe quantitatively the properties of liquids at the nanoscale, opening the way for systematic studies on wetting at the nanoscale
CHOLLET, FREDERIC. "Epitaxie à basse température de couches silicium et Si(1-x)Gex : étude par microscopie à force atomique". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10183.
Testo completoValero, Anthony. "Fonctionnalisation d’électrodes de silicium nanostructuré par couches nanométriques de diélectrique par ALD : une protection active versatile pour des micro-supercondensateurs ultra-stables en milieux aqueux". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GREAI006.pdf.
Testo completoIn recent years, significant attention has been paid to the development of micro-devices as innovative energy storage solutions. For instance micro-sensor networks such as sensors actuators or implantable medical devices require power densities and cyclability that are several orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional Lithium-Ion batteries. For such applications, Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), a developing novel class of micro/nanoscale power source are rising alternatives, and their integration “on-chip” could allow significant innovations to emerge.1 Therefore, a great deal of attention has been focused on MSCs, for which large series of nanostructured active materials have been developed. Following this trend, we have demonstrated through comprehensive investigations the interest of silicon nanostructures grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) as electrodes materials for MSCs using ionic liquid electrolytes. The fine morphological tuning of the nanostructure allowed by the bottom-up approach enables specific designs of electrode architectures, with a considerable leeway compared to other techniques. Such latitude allows optimising porosity and ionic and electronic pathways while keeping robust mechanical and thermal performances, depending on the target application. Nanostructures such as SiNWs and SiNTrs have displayed excellent electrochemical performances being stable over more than 1 million cycles of galvanostatic charge/discharge under a 4 V wide electrochemical windows in EMITFSI ionic liquid, with large power densities of 10 mW.cm-2 and good capacitance values of 0.5 mF.cm-2 at high current density of 0.5 mA.cm-2. However a major silicon weakness which was still hindering its use with aqueous electrolytes is the native uncontrolled growth of silica when subjected to ambient atmosphere. In this thesis we have developed and investigated a highly conformal passivation coating of a nanometric high-k dielectric layer of Al2O3 based on the rising Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technique. ALD has proven to allow a nanometric thickness control of the deposited layer while being highly conformal and covering. Moreover, as discusses in this manuscript the protective alumina layer enables the use of aqueous electrolytes for nanostructured Si based MSCs, which significantly increases the specific power of the devices up to 200 mW.cm-2 at 0.5 mA.cm-2 while keeping the capacitance performances at 0.5 mF.cm-2. Furthermore the system is remarkably able to retain 99% of its initial capacitance after 2 billion galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at high current density of 0.5 mA.cm-2 in an aqueous electrolyte of Na2SO4. In this manuscript we have also performed a comprehensive electrical study of the alumina/silicon interface which demonstrates that such nanometric layer of dielectric is not fully resistive as assumed by most the electrochemist but rather able to conduct electricity through tunnelling effect dependant on the thickness. Eventually we have used this conductive and protective layer to strengthen a pseudocapacitive conductive polymer which is electrochemically active in aqueous electrolytes. A promising composite material is described and realised by a simple drop-cast method of a PEDOT-PSS film onto silicon nanowires. The device exhibited promising performances with a specific energy of 2 Wh.kg-1 and a power density of 300 W.kg-1 at a current density of 1 A.g-1. The MSCs was able to retain 80% its initial capacitance after 500,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles at 0.5 A.g-1. The last part of the thesis describes the collaboration sets with a Norvegian company, ELKEM SILICON MATERIALS, which has lead to the rethinking of our silicon nanostructure growing process and the large increase of the production capacity
Mahieu-Williame, Laurent. "Etude expérimentale d'effets linéaires et non-linéaires sur des nanostructures par microscopie optique en champ proche". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066561.
Testo completoBarbet, Sophie. "Étude par microscopie à champ proche de matériaux III-N pour émetteurs électroniques planaires". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10014/document.
Testo completoThe purpose of the thesis is to study GaN materials and devices with an atomic force microscopy in Kelvin Force Mode. The contact potential difference between a metal tip and a semiconducting material depends on the work function difference between the materials, the concentration of dopants, and the density of acceptor or donor surface states. KFM techniques provide this information at the nano- or micrometer scale. ln a first step, we have developed KFM measurement procedures on commercial microscopes in order to extract fully quantitative measurements of surface potentials. We have evidenced instrumental capacitive cross talks, for example between the electrostatic excitation and the microscope photodiode, which act as parasitic terms in the measurement of surface potentials, and need to be properly taken into account in order to get reliable measurements of contact potential differences. ln a second step we have studied the electrical properties of GaN surfaces, this material being of strong interest for power electronic applications such as electron emitters. To get a potential reference for KFM measurements, ohmic contacts on n and p-type GaN have been achieved. The KFM characterization of the layers shows surface-state induced band-bending at the oxidized GaN surface. From the values of surface potentials, we calculate the density of charge and estimate the density of surface states. We finally study the effects of surface treatments on n-GaN-MIS structures, as weIl as different types of passivation used in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Jaren, Sophie. "Étude de TbFe2 épitaxié par dépot laser pulsé : des couches minces aux nanostructures magnétiques". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10064.
Testo completoDesportes, Antoine. "Développement de techniques de mesures optiques pour qualifier les installations de type plasmatron : Application à des mesures de catalycité". Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES049.
Testo completoThis study deals with gas surface interaction between air plasma and heat shield. This phenomena take place during atmospheric re-entry of a space shuttle. This particular situation is reproduced in IPWT, the inductive plasma wind tunnel at CORIA. The aerodynamics characteristics and radiative properties of the air plasma flow have been measured. So, the cartographies of velocities and temperatures have been deduced. The final aim is to have a better understanding of the energy transfer to the wall (phenomenon called catalycity). Then, we have studied by Raman spectroscopy the boundary layer above a copper wall (fully catalytic)in a stagnation point configuration. Density and temperatures profiles of N2 have been carried out. The infrared emission of a SiC sample has been analysed. Its optical behaviour is the same than the silica oxide (its protection layer). The effective recombination coefficient of the OREX materials have been deduced thanks to the IPM method
Čustović, Irma. "De l’auto-assemblage supramoléculaire à la synthèse sur surface : études par microscopie à champ proche". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD044.
Testo completoAbstract : This thesis deals with investigation, by means of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in ultra-high vacuum and Atomic Force Microscopy at ambient conditions, of supramolecular networks based on molecular self-assembly on different kinds of surfaces, such as: Au(111), Si(111)-B and HOPG, as well as investigation of on-surface synthesis of covalently bonded nanostructures. The first chapter presents state-of-the art of noncovalent molecule-molecule interactions that govern supramolecular self-assembling and methods to obtain covalently bonded self-asselblies on surfaces. The second chapter presents theoretical concepts and experimental setups, procedures for preparing clean surfaces, probes and molecular deposition in ultra-high vacuum system and ambient conditions, respecitvely.The third chapter is dedicated to results obtained by STM in UHV system and comparing investigation of supramolecular self-assembling of dipolar LdipCC molecules on Au(111) and Si(111)-B surfaces. Due to suitbale balance between contemplating choice of underlaying substrate and molecule-molecule interactions, LdipCC molecules self-assembled into extended and periodical supramolecular networks on both surfaces. On Au(111) surface, LdipCC molecules formed extended, porous supramolecular network which is govern by molecule-molecule interactions while on n Si(111)-B surface, LdipCC molecules self-assembled into homogenious, extended parallel alingment of molecular dipoles due to significant role of molecule-surface interactions. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the results obtained in ambient conditions which are monitored by AFM Peak Force Tapping mode. Two alkylated molecules, one bearing ethylene moieties and another possesing epoxied moiety, self-assembled into two-dimensional networks on HOPG surface. Ethylene based supramolecular network was exposed the thermal procedure while epoxy based supramolecular network was exposed to UV-light exposure. The proposed mechanisms based on analysis of topography and adhesion AFM images suggest that thermally induced on-surface cycloaddition reaction and UV-light initiated polymerization occurred on HOPG surface. In such a way, two-dimensional self-assembled networks on HOPG surface were converted into covalently bonded supramolecular self-assemblies
Souharce, Grégoire. "Génération de surface nanostructurées par le contrôle des interactions aux interfaces". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845841.
Testo completoDubreuil, Nicolas. "Etude de films mixtes d'acide gras et d'enzyme élaborés par la technique de Langmuir-Blodgett". Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES049.
Testo completoSchnaffnit, Catherine. "Elaboration de couches minces de nitrure de bore par voie chimique assistée par plasma R. F. à partir de BCl3/N2/H2/Ar : étude du procédé et des propriétés physico-chimiques du matériau". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0125.
Testo completoBruynooghe, Stéphane. "Étude de l'élaboration par voie sol-gel de structures guidantes SiO2/Si pour applications en optique intégrée". Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0166.
Testo completoPascarelli, Sakura. "Étude EXAFS d'alliages semiconducteurs épitaxiés par détection du rayonnement X de fluorescence". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10131.
Testo completoRoland, Thibault. "Microscopie par Plasmons de Surface Localisés : un outil d'imagerie optique non intrusif pouvant couvrir les échelles du nanomètre au micromètre en biologie". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441957.
Testo completoHartmann, Jean-Michel. "Epitaxie par jets moléculaires alternés d'hétérostructures CdTe/Mn(Mg)Te : application à la réalisation de super-réseaux verticaux". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10204.
Testo completoColaço, Élodie. "Design and characterization of biomimetic biomineralized nanomaterials". Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2529.
Testo completoThe design of a composite based on collagen and hydroxyapatite crystals attractes a great interest in materials science and biomedical research particularly for bone tissue applications. The objective is to synthesize, at the nanoscale, a biomaterial from these two components in a controlled conditions in order to modulate its physicochemical, structural and mechanical properties. This thesis project highlights the role of collagen in the mineralization mechanism with the aim of developing a biomimetic biomineralized nanomaterial. To this end, several strategies have been suggested: (i) assembly of collagen with preformed hydroxyapatite crystals, (ii) mineralization of hydroxyapatite by enzymatic catalysis (iii) elaboration of mineralized enzyme-based multilayers by the "layer-by-layer" strategy to form a nanofilm or nanotube in the presence of collagen or not. The characterization of the various mineralized nanostructured materials obtained is performed by several physicochemical techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), turbiscan, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) and light scattering measurement (DLS)
El, Hajjam Khalil. "Ingénierie de jonctions tunnel pour améliorer les performances du transistor mono-électronique métallique". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8508.
Testo completoAbstract: Today, several technological barriers and physical limitations arise against the miniaturization of the CMOS: leakage current, short channel effects, hot carrier effect and the reliability of the gate oxide. The single electron transistor (SET) is one of the emerging components most capable of replacing CMOS technology or provide it with complementary technology. The work of this thesis deals with the improvement of the electrical characteristics of the single electron transistor by optimizing its tunnel junctions. This optimization initially starts with a study of conduction modes through the tunnel junction. It concludes with the development of an optimized tunnel junction based on a stack of dielectric materials (mainly Al[subscript 2]O[subscript 3], H[florin]O[subscript 2] and TiO[subscript 2]), having different properties in terms of barrier heights and relative permittivities. This document, therefore, presents the theoretical formulation of the SET’s requirements and of its tunnel junctions, the development of appropriate simulation tools - based on the transmission matrix model- for the simulation of the SET tunnel junctions current, the identification of tunnel junctions optimization strategies from the simulations results and finally the experimental study and technological integration of the optimized tunnel junctions into the metallic SET fabrication process using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. This work allowed to démonstrate the significance of SET tunnel junctions engineering in order to increase its operating current while reducing leakage and improving its operation at higher temperatures.
Corneci, Magdalena Carla. "Fonctionnement tribologique des articulations synoviales pathologiques : Rôle des interfaces phospholipidiques". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0083.
Testo completoIn order to improve the effectiveness of joint diseases’ treatments, given their complexity and magnitude, recent studies have highlighted the role of lipid assemblies associated with the discontinuous structure of the synovial fluid (SF) in the tribological performance of joint operation. Thus, an ex vivo tribological model (AM Sfarghiu, PhD thesis, 2006) providing a "basic pattern" for joint biolubrification was developed. It consists of the stack of phospholipidic interfaces and aqueous layers. Using this model, the objective of this work was to study the evolution of phospholipidic interfaces of SF within pathological state. Therefore, a nano-bio-tribological methodology combining biochemical, physicochemical, nano-mechanical and tribological analysis was used. The results of these analyses show: the influence of even small rubbing surfaces’ roughness characteristics of early stage illness and that of phospholipidic interfaces’ properties (related to their composition change) on the mechanical strength, changes in friction and in situ degradation of lipidic assemblies of pathological SF. The tribological operation is highlighted by enzymes’ associated with diseases. Thus, joint operation depends on the mechanical strength of phospholipidic interfaces and to obtain very low friction coefficients, velocity accommodation must be done at the level of hydration layers surrounding ions in the aqueous solution. These results would therefore allow better understanding of the evolution of phospholipidic interfaces in joint diseases and of the proper cause/consequence sequence responsible for a joint disease in order to develop more effective, targeted and non prosthetic treatments
Cunge, Gilles. "Diagnostics optiques et électriques dans les plasmas : application à l'étude des interactions plasma-surface pour la micro-électronique". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10104.
Testo completoThiault, Jérôme. "Étude par microscopie à force atomique en trois dimensions de l'évolution de la rugosité de bord de ligne lors de la fabrication d'une grille de transistor MOS". Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321961.
Testo completoAvec les techniques actuelles de fabrication et pour des longueurs de grille de transistor inférieures à 30nm, les variations moyennes de la longueur de grille, appelées rugosité de bord, entraînent des fluctuations électriques dans le transistor inacceptables pour le bon fonctionnement des futures générations de dispositifs. Il convient donc de contrôler ce paramètre afin de le réduire. Pour réussir ce défi technologique, il est essentiel de le mesurer avec précision afin, par la suite, de comprendre ses origines et son évolution après chaque étape technologique de fabrication.
Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la mesure la rugosité de bord, à l'aide d'un nouvel équipement de métrologie : le microscope à force atomique en trois dimensions. Nous avons évalué les capacités de cet outil et déterminé un protocole de mesure de la rugosité de bord, qui nous a permis ensuite d'étudier ses origines et d'étudier son évolution lors des différentes étapes technologiques de fabrication d'une grille de transistors MOS. Nous avons remarqué que la formation de la rugosité de bord est un problème complexe qui fait intervenir de nombreux facteurs fortement liés entre eux. Par la suite, nous montrons que le bombardement ionique d'un procédé de gravure plasma est responsable de la diminution de la rugosité de bord de la résine. Nous avons également mis en évidence que la rugosité de bord du masque avant la gravure de la grille est un paramètre clé pour le contrôle de la rugosité de la grille finale.