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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Grain Nutrition"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 28 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Grain Nutrition"

Šhivra, J., R. Hojčuš, and M. Zima. "The interaction of mineral nutrition and water supply in the process of winter wheat production." Acta Agrobotanica 35, no. 2 (2013): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1982.020.

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In pot experiments performed in 1972-1976 with winter wheat variety 'Ilyichovka' grown at three levels of increasing mineral nutrition and at different levels of water supply (70% and 40% of maximal water capacity) an interaction was observed between mineral nutrition and water availability on the yield and some physiological characteristics of the plants. Water stress during heading stage reduced nearly by one half the grain yield per plant, mostly by decreasing the number of completely filled grains. The quicker leaf senescence and grain number reduction as well as the total grain yield due to water stress differed between the nutritional levels. The relations between leaf surface area and grain yields were nearly linear in treatments with optimal water supply, but were markedly changed by water stress.

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Slavin, Joanne L., David Jacobs, and Len Marquart. "Grain Processing and Nutrition." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 21, no. 1 (January 2001): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20013891081683.

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Slavin, Joanne L., David Jacobs, and Len Marquart. "Grain Processing and Nutrition." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 40, no. 4 (July 2000): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408690091189176.

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Williams, Brock A., and M. J. Patricia Mazier. "Knowledge, Perceptions, and Consumption of Whole Grains: Among University Students." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 74, no. 2 (July 2013): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/74.2.2013.92.

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Purpose: Differences in knowledge, perceptions, and consumption of whole grains were compared between students who had taken an introductory university nutrition course and those who had not. Methods: The sample consisted of two groups: 109 students who had completed a nutrition course and 61 who had not. The two samples were drawn from second-year nursing students and students in second-year psychology courses, respectively. All students completed a 25-item questionnaire. Chi-square tests were used to identify associations between completion of a nutrition course and responses. Results: Nutrition education students had more knowledge of whole grain recommendations, of whole grains available in stores, and of whole grains as a factor in disease risk reduction (p<0.05). In contrast, non-nutrition education students had more knowledge of whole grain health claims, reported a greater preference for the taste of whole grains, and had a greater than mean intake of whole grain cereals (p<0.05). Conclusions: This prelimary study indicates that completion of an introductory nutrition course has a greater influence on positive perceptions of whole grains than on students’ consumption frequency or knowledge of whole grains. Further study may provide more information on nutrition education and whole grains.

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Dhliwayo, Tafadzwa Christine, Loveness Kuziwa Nyanga, Prosper Chopera, Tonderayi Mathew Matsungo, and Cathrine Chidewe. "A review of traditional grain-based complementary foods for children aged 6-23 months in selected African countries." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 6, no. 14 (October 8, 2022): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.6.14.115-125.

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Background: Wheat and maize flour still represent the bulk ingredient in complementary foods. There is an increasing interest in traditional cereal grain-based products due to their positive health effects. The positive health benefits include; more protein and fiber content than modern grains and most are naturally gluten-free. Aims: To identify available traditional grain-based complementary food options used for children aged 6-23months in Africa, including the effects of various processing techniques on the nutritional value of the food products. Material and Methods: We searched SciELO, Google Scholar, AGORA, JSTOR, MedLine, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online, and PubMed databases for the following (a) studies on the formulation of homemade or commercialized traditional grain-based complementary feeding porridges, (b) studies where traditional grains such as sorghum, finger millet, guinea millet, and pearl millet were used as the main ingredient. In addition, we evaluated the food processing techniques used, the resultant nutritional quality, and the acceptability of the product. Results: Thirteen eligible studies were identified. Traditional grains used frequently as complementary foods for children aged 6-23 months in Africa were pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor. L), and finger millet (Eleusine coracana). The most common techniques to improve the nutrition content of the foods were: fermentation, germination, and addition of legumes. Additionally, minor investigations have been carried out on effectiveness of these porridges in reducing malnutrition prevalence in this age group. Conclusions: In overall more studies are required with the focus on investigating the development of novel strategies to improve the nutritional profiles, safety, and acceptability of traditional grain-based complementary foods. Furthermore, their effectiveness to improve nutrition status of children needs to be investigated. Keywords: Complementary food, Infants, Traditional Grains, Africa.

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Dudar, I., O. Lytvyn, S. Pavkovych, H. Korpita, and О. Kozliuk. "YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY DEPENDING ON MINERAL NUTRITION." Bulletin of Lviv National Environmental University: Agronomy, no. 26 (December 20, 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2022.26.072.

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The article presents the results of studies of the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter barley in the Western Forest-Steppe. It has been found that grain yield depends on providing plants with mineral nutrients throughout the growing season. The results of scientific research on the influence of mineral nutrition on seed germination, plant survival during the growing season, grain yield and structure of winter barley cultivated on gray podzolic soils in the Western Forest-Steppe are described. The authors of the research studied different doses of mineral fertilizers: 1) without fertilizers (control); 2) N30Р30К30; 3) N60Р60К60; 4) N90Р90К90. A decrease in field germination by 1.1–2.3 %, with an increase in the level of mineral nutrition was determined. The positive effect of mineral fertilization on the survival of winter barley has been proved. The lowest level of plant survival was in the areas without fertilizers, and the highest – under application of mineral fertilizers in the norm N90Р90К90. The positive effect of fertilization on the number of productive stems, the weight of grain from the ear and the number of grains in the ear was demonstrated. A positive correlation was established between fertilizer and the number of grains in the ear (r = 0.96) and fertilizer and grain weight from the ear (r = 0.77). It was found that the studied rates of fertilizers were effective for the nutritional regime of winter barley agrocenosis in the Western Forest-Steppe. The optimal dose of fertilizers which ensures maximum grain yield was determined. Application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (Р90К90) for plowing and nitrogen (N30+30+30) in three steps: during the restoration of spring vegetation, in the phase of tube emergence and earing provided a significant increase in yield as compared to control (without fertilizers) and options N30Р30К30 and N60Р60К60.

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Peng, Bo, Qing-Xi Zhang, Xia-Yu Tian, Yan-Fang Sun, Xin-Hua Huang, Rui-Hua Pang, Quan-Xiu Wang, et al. "Influencing Factors of Grain Nutritional Quality and its Genetic Improvement Strategy in Rice." Journal of Biotechnology Research, no. 71 (November 19, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jbr.71.1.11.

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Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, and about half of the world’s population uses it as the main food source. China’s annual rice output accounts for about 34% of the world’s annual rice output, ranking first in the world, thus China is known as the "Rice Kingdom". Rice has high nutritional value, providing the human body with 35% of the total energy intake and about 28% of the required protein. Therefore, the nutritional value of rice is directly related to human nutrition and health. In this paper, the three aspects of rice nutrition and human health, factors affecting rice nutritional quality and genetic improvement of nutritional quality of rice are reviewed. The new challenges of rice nutrition quality were analyzed, and the prospect of improving rice nutritional quality was prospected. The results provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement of rice nutrition quality and cultivation of new high-quality rice varieties in the future.

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Stathers, Tanya E., Sarah E. J. Arnold, Corinne J. Rumney, and Clare Hopson. "Measuring the nutritional cost of insect infestation of stored maize and cowpea." Food Security 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-019-00997-w.

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AbstractOur understanding and prevention of postharvest losses are critical if we are to feed a growing global population. Insect infestation-related losses of stored commodities are typically considered only in terms of quantitative, physical weight loss. Insect infestation affects the nutritional value and some nutritional components are impacted more severely than others. We infested maize and cowpea grain with commonly occurring stored product insect pests, and mapped infestation levels against nutritional composition over a 4-to-6 month storage period to analyse how insect infestation relates to different macro- and micro-nutrient contents. Insect infestation decreased the carbohydrate content of the stored grains, causing a relative increase in the proportion of protein and fibre in the remaining grain, and moisture content also increased. Sitophilus zeamais preferentially fed in the floury endosperm of maize, resulting in more carbohydrate loss relative to protein loss. Conversely, Prostephanus truncatus consumed the germ and endosperm, disproportionately reducing the fat, protein, iron and zinc grain contents. Nutrients are distributed more homogenously within cowpea than in maize grains, but Callosobruchus maculatus infestation increased the relative protein, fat, iron and zinc to carbohydrate ratios. This indicates how the nutrient content of insect-infested stored grain depends upon the grain type, the infesting insect, and the infestation level. Insect infestation therefore has consequences for human nutrition beyond those of grain weight loss. Using data collected on the changing nutritional composition of grain over time, with and without insect infestation, we modelled the associations between infestation and nutritional quality to predict estimated nutritional losses that could be associated with consumption of insect-infested stored maize and cowpea.

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Rahayu, Sri Ratna, Duwi Sulistiani, Ari Yuniastuti, and Aufiena Nur Ayu Merzistya. ""Gizi COVID-19 Bagi Remaja" Application as A COVID-19 Prevention." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 17, no. 1 (July 24, 2021): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v17i1.26843.

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Adolescents are a vulnerable group in fulfilling nutrition for body defence as an effort to prevent COVID-19. Nutrition education is needed for adolescents to increase their knowledge of nutrition consumption. One of the models to improve nutrition knowledge used the Android-based smartphone nutrition application model. This research aimed to design and develop a nutrition android application model to increase adolescents' nutritional knowledge in the prevention of COVID-19. The method used Research Development with four stages: the analysis stage, the design stage, the development stage, and the testing stage. This research produced the "Gizi COVID-19 Bagi Remaja" as a nutrition application android-based with 3 main menus, namely BMI and calories checking, nutrition info, and COVID-19 info.Â The N-Grain test results show that this application effectively increases nutritional knowledge in 10 high school-adolescents (N-Grain=88.21%). The Android-based â€œGizi COVID-19 Remajaâ€ application is expected to be a comprehensive media for adolescents nutrition education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia to prevent the transmission of COVID-19.

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Stupar, Vladanka, Aleksandar Paunovic, Milomirka Madic, and Desimir Knezevic. "Influence of genotype and nitrogen nutrition on grain size variability in spring malting barley." Genetika 49, no. 3 (2017): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1703095s.

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Grain size is an important quality parameter of malting barley, which depends on genotypes, environmental factors and their interactions. Also, grain size is governed by the efficiency of assimilation and translocation of mineral nutrients (mainly nitrogen) during grain endosperm development, which affects grain yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability in the percentage of three different grain size classes: class I (thickness ?2.5 mm), class II (2.2-2.5 mm) and class III (<2.2 mm) in spring malting barley genotypes ('Novosadski 448', 'Novosadski 456', 'Dunavac' and 'Jadran'). The experiment was conducted during three years (2012-2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications at different rates of nitrogen fertilization (N1=45, N2=75, N3=105 and N4=135 kg ha-1). The presence of different grain sizes in barley cultivars in all N fertilization treatments after harvest was investigated. The proportion of the three grain classes was dependent upon year, cultivar and nitrogen fertilization rate. The highest percentage of class I grains was recorded in 'Novosadski 456', and that of class II and class III grains in 'Dunavac'. The percentage of class I grains increased significantly with increasing nitrogen rates up to 75 kg ha-1, stagnated at 105 kg ha-1, and decreased significantly as the nitrogen level was further increased to 135 kg ha-1. Class II and class III grain contents decreased at nitrogen rates up to 105 kg ha-1, but increased significantly at 135 kg ha-1. The best response to favorable environmental conditions and the highest percentage of class I grain in all years were recorded in ?Novosadski 456?. The most favorable effect on grain size in the studied spring malting barley genotypes was exhibited by the nitrogen rate of 75 kg ha-1.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Grain Nutrition"

Dovi, Koya Ange Pamela. "Whole grain sorghum and whole grain cowpea biscuits as a complementary food for improved child nutrition." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43320.

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Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) among children remains a huge burden in Africa. Due to poverty, such children rely on the same starchy staples, such as sorghum, consumed in the household, as both their source of energy and protein. However, sorghum has a low protein quality, particularly with respect to the indispensable amino acid lysine and also protein digestibility. Local pulses such as cowpea are important vehicles to address PEM. Biscuits are favoured as means of fortification because they are palatable, nutrient-dense, in ready-to-eat form and have a long shelf-life. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate the effect of fortifying whole grain sorghum with whole grain cowpea on the nutritional quality, instrumental, sensory characteristics and consumer evaluation of the biscuits. Composite biscuits were produced from two types of whole grain sorghums, white tan-plant, non-tannin (WTP) and red non-tannin (RNT) composited with whole grain cowpea at 60:40 ratio. These were compared with commercial economic wheat biscuits. Sorghum-cowpea biscuits had 50-60% higher protein content than 100% sorghum biscuits but were the same as that of wheat biscuits. The mineral content of sorghum-cowpea biscuits was 27-29% and 37% higher than that of 100% sorghum and wheat biscuits, respectively. The pepsin in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of the sorghum-cowpea biscuits was 71-81% higher than that of 100% biscuits due to inclusion of the more digestible cowpea globulin proteins. However, the average pepsin IVPD of the sorghum and sorghum-cowpea biscuits was 211% and 76% lower than that of wheat biscuits, respectively. There was no trypsin inhibitor activity in the sorghum-cowpea biscuits due to the dilution of the trypsin inhibitors in cowpea. The total phenolic content of the sorghum-cowpea biscuits was 30-45% and 70% higher than that of 100% sorghum and wheat biscuits, respectively. Sorghum-cowpea biscuits were stronger than 100% sorghum biscuits due to water soluble-globulin proteins from cowpea. Correspondence analysis (CA) revealed that 64% of the variation in terms of texture and flavour of the biscuits was due to type of cereal (sorghum or wheat) and 23% was due to the presence of cowpea in biscuits, respectively. Standard wheat biscuits were the most liked. However, using cluster analysis, individual overall liking of consumers varied and four different clusters of consumers with similar liking of the biscuits were identified. Two clusters with substantial percentage of consumers (41%) liked the sorghum-cowpea biscuits. These findings suggest that sorghum-cowpea composite biscuits could well serve as an acceptable high quality protein-rich complementary food to alleviate PEM, and generate income for smallholder farmers in rural areas of Africa where sorghum and cowpea are produced and consumed as staples. Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. lk2014 Food Science MSc Unrestricted

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Zaugg, Ned. "Alfalfa Hay Quality and Dairy Nutrition." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200535.

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Alfalfa may be harvested and used as green feed, pellets, haylage, cubes, hays or matured for seed. The value of the product is determined in part by the yield, costs of production, demand and end usage. The high nutrient composition makes this feed a major component of balanced rations. However, its quality is highly variable from production through harvest, storage and feeding.

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Baurhoo, Neerusha. "Canadian pearl millet: a potential alternative grain to corn in broiler production." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97236.

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Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of partially or totally replacing corn with pearl millet (PM) in broiler diets, alone or in combination with exogenous enzymes, on growth performance, ileal dry matter (DM), CP and amino acid digestibility, and intestinal digesta viscosity, morphological development and microbial populations. In experiment 1, dietary treatments included: a standard corn-soybean meal diet and one in which corn was replaced with 25, 50, 75 or 100% PM. In experiment 2, dietary treatments were: 1) a standard corn-soybean meal diet; 2) a PM-soybean meal diet; 3) diet 1 + exogenous enzymes; and 4) diet 2 + exogenous enzymes. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. PM diets contained less soybean meal because PM grains were richer in CP and amino acids than corn. Total replacement of corn with PM significantly improved (P < 0.05) growth and feed conversion. However, there were no additional benefits due to enzyme supplementation. Feeding broilers PM diets did not have any detrimental effects on digesta viscosity, villus height, villus width and villus surface area of the jejunum. On the contrary, in experiment 2, villi were longer (P < 0.05) in PM-fed birds than those fed corn diets with or without enzymes. Intestinal loads of E. coli were not altered by any of the dietary treatments. But, in experiment 2, both PM diets, with or without enzymes, significantly increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacilli loads. In both studies, DM, CP and amino acids digestibility were similar between corn and PM diets. However, enzyme supplementation to corn or PM diets increased (P < 0.05) DM and CP digestibility. Amino acid digestibility was increased (P < 0.05) only in birds fed the corn diet containing enzymes in comparison with those fed the corn diet without enzymes. In conclusion, total replacement of corn with PM in broiler diets caused significant improvements in growth parameters, and Lactobacilli populations and villus development of the intestines. Additionally, enzyme supplementation to PM diets increased intestinal DM and CP digestibility. Deux études ont été entreprises pour étudier les effets de replacer le maïs par le millet perlé (MP), soit partiellement ou totalement, dans des régimes du poulet de chair, sans ou en combinaison avec des enzymes exogènes sur la croissance, la digestibilité de la matière sèche, protéines brut (CP) et acides aminé dans l'iléon, la viscosité intestinale, et le développement morphologique et les populations bactériennes dans l'intestin. Dans l'expérience 1, les traitements diététiques étaient: un régime standard de maïs-soja, et la même diète dans laquelle le maïs a été remplacé par le MP à 25, 50, 75 ou 100%. Dans l'expérience 2, les traitements diététiques comprenait: 1) un régime de maïs-soja; 2) un régime de MP-soja; 3) le régime 1+enzymes; et 4) le régime 2+enzymes. Tous les régimes avaient la même teneur en azotes et calories. Les régimes de MP contenaient moins de soja parce que les graines de MP étaient plus riches en CP et acides aminés que le maïs. En remplaçant le maïs totalement par le MP a permis d'améliorée (P < 0.05) la croissance et indice de conversion alimentaire. Toutefois, l'utilisation des enzymes n'avait aucun bénéfice. Les régimes de MP n'avaient aucun effet néfaste sur la viscosité intestinale et la longueur, largeur ou superficie du villus dans le jéjunum. Au contraire, dans l'étude 2, les villus étaient plus longs (P < 0.05) chez les poulets consommant les régimes du MP que celles nourrit avec les diètes de maïs contenant des enzymes ou pas. Les concentrations d'E.coli étaient semblables parmi tous les traitements diététiques. Par contre, dans l'expérience 2, les deux régimes de MP, avec ou sans enzymes, ont augmenté (P < 0.05) les concentrations de lactobacilles. Dans les deux études, la digestibilité de la matière sèche, CP et acides aminés étaient semblables entre les régimes de maïs et MP. Cependant, l'ajout des enzymes dans les régimes de maïs et MP avait améliorée (P < 0.05) la digestibilité de la matière sèche et de CP. La digestibilité d'acides aminés été élevée (P < 0.05) seulement entre les oiseaux alimentés des régimes de maïs contenant des enzymes ou pas. En conclusion, un remplacement total du maïs par le MP dans la moulée du poulet de chair a causé une amélioration dans les paramètres de croissance, et les populations de lactobacilles et le développement de villus dans l'intestin. En plus, l'ajout des enzymes dans les régimes de MP a permis d'augmenter la digestibilité intestinale de la matière sèche et de CP.

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Delgado-Elorduy, Agustin 1965. "Splanchnic and mammary nitrogen metabolism by dairy cows fed differently-processed sorghum and corn grain." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282499.

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Objectives were to determine net uptake or release of α-amino N (AAN), ammonia N (NH₃N) and urea N (UN) across portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver, splanchnic (PDV + liver) and mammary tissues of lactating cows fed differently processed sorghum or corn. Cows were fitted with catheters in blood vessels (artery and portal, hepatic and mammary vein), and received in a switchback design TMR containing 40% dry-rolled (DR; 643 g/L or 50 lb/bu) or steam-flaked (SF; 360 g/L or 28 lb/bu) sorghum (Exp. 1), and steam-rolled (SR; 489 g/L or 38 lb/bu) or SF corn (Exp. 2). Neither daily intake of DM and nutrients nor milk yield and efficiency of milk production were altered by feeding processed sorghum or corn. Milk fat yield was lowered (P=.03) by SF vs. DR sorghum; SF vs SR of corn tended to increase (P=.07) concentration but not yield of milk protein. Blood flows in portal (1988 ± 109 L/h) and hepatic vein (2368 ± 215 L/h) were not altered by diets. Steam-flaked vs. DR sorghum tended (P=.18) to increase UN cycling (162 vs. 95 g/d), and reduced (P≤.09) absorption of AAN (223 vs. 269 g/d) and NH3N (257 vs. 318 g/d) by PDV. Flaking vs. rolling of sorghum increased (P≤.07) estimated uptake (83 vs. 67 g/d) and extraction ratio (14.5 vs. 11.1%) of AAN by mammary tissues. Net uptake and release of AAN and NH3N across splanchnic tissues of cows were not altered by corn processing; however, SF vs. SR corn increased (P=.08) UN cycling to PDV by 143% (212 vs. 87 g/d). Steam-flaked vs SR corn increased (P≤.02) estimated uptake (88 vs. 61 g/d) and extraction ratio (14.7 vs. 11.0%) of AAN by mammary tissues. It is concluded that feeding of steam-flaked sorghum or corn compared to dry-rolled sorghum or steam-rolled corn improves N utilization of dairy cows by increasing urea transfer to the gut and uptake of amino acid by the mammary gland.

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Godfrey, David Daniel. "The impact of Nutrition on the Development, Composition and Breadmaking Quality of Wheat Grain." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503886.

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Ruiz, Raquel Gema. "A study of saponins in legumes of importance to both human and animal nutrition." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307783.

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Silva, e. Oliveira Jackson. "Effect of sorghum grain processing on the performance and metabolism of lactating dairy cows." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185713.

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Experiments were conducted to compare the effect of processing grain sorghum either by dry rolling or steam flaking on the performance and metabolism of high producing dairy cow. In an 80 d trial, following a 14 d pretrial for covariance adjustments, 36 Holstein cows divided in 4 groups were fed a total mixed ration (37 forage:63 concentrate) prepared with one of the following four grains: Steam-rolled corn (CORN), dry-rolled sorghum (DRS), steam-flaked sorghum (SFS) and an equal mixture of DRS and SFS (MIX). Grain comprised 42.2% of diet DM. In the last 14 d of the experimental period a digestibility trial was conducted. There was no difference (PS < .05) in milk, FCM or milk fat production across treatments. Because cows on SFS consumed less DM (P < .05) than those on MIX, the gross efficiency of FCM production was higher, (P < .05) for SFS. Other treatments were intermediate for DM intake and FCM efficiency. Milk protein percentage and production were higher (P < .05) for SFS compared to DRS, while lactose and SNF were higher (P < .05) for SFS compared to DRS, while lactose and SNF percentages were the highest (P < .05) for SFS compared to other diets. Apparent digestibility of starch from SFS was the highest (P < .01) and that from DRS was the lowest while apparent digestibility of the fiber components and of CP were lower (P < .05) for SFS compared to DRS. Improvement in FCM efficiency and milk protein production was probably due to increased starch degradability. In a second experiment, the same diets used in the lactation trial were fed to 4 duodenally cannulated cows in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Total tract digestibility of starch was higher (P < .05) for SFS than MIX and DRS diets and tended to be more digested in the rumen than starch from other diets. Cows fed SFS also tended to more efficiently convert dietary CP digested in the rumen to BCP and to have higher BCP flow to the duodenum. Cows on the SFS diet had highest (P < .01) fecal pH, tended to have the lowest amount of fecal protein and the highest apparent digestion of N.

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Eck, Thomas Peter. "Effect of sorghum grain flake density on site and extent of digestion in feedlot steers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185684.

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Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of sorghum grain flake density on site and extent of nutrient digestion in beef steers. Sorghum grain was steam-flaked to densities of .41, .36, .31 and .26 kg/L. Diet digestibility was determined during the growing and finishing periods of a feedlot performance trial with dietary grain levels of 50 and 80%, respectively. Starch digestion was increased from 92 to 98%, and from 98 to 99%, on growing and finishing diets, respectively, in response to decreased flake density. Digestion of dry matter and energy was increased in growing diets but decreased in finishing diets as flake density in the diets decreased. Fiber digestion was not influenced in growing diets but decreased in finishing diets. In an experiment using cannulated steers fed diets with 50% grain, flow of starch at the duodenum was reduced 50% (466 vs 232 g/d) as flake density was decreased from .41 to .26 kg/L. Starch digestion was increased in each segment of the digestive tract with the greatest response occurring in the rumen (83 vs 92%, for .41 and .26 kg/L, respectively). In another experiment using cannulated steers fed 80% grain diets, starch flow from the rumen was also reduced by 50% (694 vs 371 g/d) by decreasing flake density from .41 to .36 kg/I. Starch digestion was improved throughout the digestive tract. Ruminal, intestinal and total tract starch digestion was comparable when grain was flaked to .36 kg/s or less. In conclusion, flaking of sorghum grain over a range of flake densities primarily affected starch digestion. As flake density in the diet decreased, starch digestion increased in all three studies. The largest differences among treatments in ruminal, intestinal and total tract digestion occurred between the .41 and .36 kg/L treatments. Starch digestion was similar when sorghum grain was flaked to .36, .31 or .26 kg/L. Response pattern for protein digestion followed that for starch digestibility. Effect of flake density on digestion of other nutrients was not consistent among the three experiments.

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Ramesh, Sunita. "Molecular mechanism of zinc uptake and regulation in cereals." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr1724.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 174-204. "This work provides a starting point for understanding the molecular mechanisms of zinc uptake and the regulation of zinc transport in cereals. Zinc efficient cereals would yield more on soild with low zinc and could potentially result in increased zinc content grain."

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Lamar, Kathryn C. "Effects Of Dietary Potassium Carbonate And Fat Concentration in High Distiller Grain Diets Fed To Dairy Cows." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374228532.

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Libri sul tema "Grain Nutrition"

Schuh, Mari C. The grain group. Mankato, Minn: Pebble Books, 2006.

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Grains. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2015.

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Borgert-Spaniol, Megan. Grains group. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2012.

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Schaefer, Lola M. Cereales. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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Schaefer, Lola M. Grains. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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Dickmann, Nancy. Grains. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2012.

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Dickmann, Nancy. Grains. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2011.

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Schaefer, Lola M. Grains. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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Mo.) ARS Feed (and Food) Grain Nutrient Composition Workshop (1992 Saint Louis. ARS Feed (and Food) Grain Nutrient Composition Workshop: St. Louis, Missouri, May 4-6, 1992. United States]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1992.

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Hudak, Heather C. Grain products. Calgary: Weigl, 2009.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Grain Nutrition"

Prom-u-thai, C., and B. Rerkasem. "Grain iron concentration in Thai rice germplasm." In Plant Nutrition, 350–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_169.

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Bityutskii, N., S. Magnitski, I. Lapshina, E. Lukina, A. Soloviova, and V. Patsevitch. "Distribution of micronutrients in maize grain and their mobilisation during germination." In Plant Nutrition, 218–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_105.

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Lotfollahi, M., and M. J. Malakouti. "The effect of split nitrogen application on grain protein concentration of wheat." In Plant Nutrition, 340–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_164.

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Simic, D., I. Brkic, V. Kovacevic, and I. Kadar. "Inheritance of sulfur status in grain of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes." In Plant Nutrition, 78–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_37.

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Berecz, K. "Grain yield and quality of winter wheat varieties as affected by different nutrient supply." In Plant Nutrition, 342–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_165.

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Singh, Narpinder, Amritpal Kaur, and Khetan Shevkani. "Maize: Grain Structure, Composition, Milling, and Starch Characteristics." In Maize: Nutrition Dynamics and Novel Uses, 65–76. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1623-0_5.

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González Ponce, R., M. L. Salas, and A. Lamela. "Nitrate reductase activity, grain yield and grain protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by nitrogen fertilization under semi-arid conditions." In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 561–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_93.

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Debreczeni, K., and T. Kismányoky. "Effect of increasing N and P application rates on grain yield of winter wheat in long-term fertilization experiments." In Plant Nutrition, 818–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_398.

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Dobermann, A., and K. G. Cassman. "Challenges for sustaining productivity gains and environmental quality in intensive grain production systems of Asia and the United States." In Plant Nutrition, 966–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_470.

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Rerkasem, B., R. Netsangtip, S. Lordkaew, and C. Cheng. "Grain Set Failure in Boron Deficient Wheat." In Plant Nutrition — from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice, 401–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1880-4_82.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Grain Nutrition"

Chizhikova, S. S., and K. K. Olkhovaya. "VARIABILITY OF NEW RICE VARIETIES VELES, EZHIK AND SIGNAL GROWN IN KRASNOARMEYSKY DISTRICT, KRASNODAR REGION BY TECHNOLOGICAL GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.577-579.

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The article presents the results of evaluation of new rice varieties Veles, Ezhik and Signal on technological grain quality traits. The effect of various doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the main traits of quality indicators is analyzed. It was found that with an increase in the dose of nitrogen nutrition (Background + N30), the mass is 1000 absolutely grains, fracturing, and head rice content decreased or remained unchanged, the filminess increased or remained unchanged. To determine the variability of rice varieties by grain quality traits, depending on the level of nitrogen nutrition, variability and average values of quality traits were calculated. Variety Ezhik has shown itself as the best variety in terms of grain quality based on low variability in terms of grain quality traits.

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Reutina, Anna Vasilevna, Tamara Evgenevna Kuznetsova, Vladimir Vladimirovich Nesterenko, Nikolai Viktorovich Serkin, and Natal'ia Aleksandrovna Veretel'nikova. "Economic importance and production of oats: an overview." In II International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-557920.

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Oats are the most important food and grain feed crop in Russia. At present, with the development of animal husbandry and the food industry, the demand for oat grain has increased, which can be used both for feed and food purposes. Its grain contains from 10 to 17% protein, starch - 36.1% fat - 4.7%, ash - 3.2, sugar - 2.35, vitamins B1, B2. Oat grain is highly nutritious: 1 kilogram of oat grain corresponds to one feed unit containing 85-92 grams of digestible protein. Oatmeal is well absorbed by the body of animals, therefore it is used for fattening young animals. Recently, oats have become increasingly important as a food crop and are used to obtain food for healthy, dietary and sports nutrition. In the second half of the 20th century, there was a decrease in acreage, which led to a significant drop in oat production.

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Novak, S. O., E. V. Boyarkin, and V. A. Agafonov. "The yield of grain crops depending on the mineral nutrition and various preparations for foliar top dressing." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-133.

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The article presents research data on the effect of various preparations for foliar dressing and the background of mineral nutrition on the yield of spring grain crops on gray forest soils of Predbaikalia.

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Ishmuratov, Halyaf. "FEEDING OF GRAIN OF CEREALS TREATED WITH HEAT AND UREA TO NEW COWS." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-115-12.

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In the preserved grain, urea, when subjected to hydrolysis, secretes am-MIAC, protecting it from self-heating and spoilage, and the other part of it goes to ammonium compounds, thereby increasing the protein nutrition of the grain. Processing of grain with urea contributed to a decrease in the concentration of protein, both soluble — by 3.24%, and cleavable-by 4.01%, compared with the control. The cost of processing 1 ton of grain with urea is 1.72 times cheaper than conventional drying. The profitability of milk production increased by 26.62%.

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Augspole, Ingrida, Anda Linina, Anda Rutenberga-Ava, Agrita Svarta, and Vija Strazdina. "Effect of organic and conventional production systems on the winter wheat grain quality." In 13th Baltic Conference on Food Science and Technology “FOOD. NUTRITION. WELL-BEING”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Food Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/foodbalt.2019.041.

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Kumeyko, T. B., and N. G. Tumanian. "VARIABILITY OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING WITH LOW AMYLOSE CONTENT ON TECHNOLOGICAL GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS IN CONNECTION WITH THE NITROGEN NUTRITION LEVEL IN VEGETATION CONDITIONS IN ABINSKY DISTRICT, KRASNODAR REGION." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.355-358.

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The article studies the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties of Russian breeding Rapan, Flagman, Olimp, Azov, Patriot in the yield of 2017-2019 grown in the Abinsky district, Krasnodar region. Purpose of the research was to study the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties with a low amylose content. Rice varieties were evaluated by mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains, filminess, vitreousity, and fracture when grown with different doses of nitrogen fertilizers N60, N120. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen to N120, "the mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains", "vitreousity", "fracture" remained unchanged or the "filminess" changed. The pattern of changes in grain quality traits may indicate an intensive type of varieties Rapan and Olimp.

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Shen, Y. Z., R. Abeynayakea, T. Ran, L. Y. Chen, and W. Z. Yang. "Effects of protease and protease dose applied in protein extraction on nutritional value of brewer’s spent grain residue." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_35.

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Papulova, E. Y., and K. K. Olkhovaya. "CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLING YIELD OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING GROWN IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF NITROGEN NUTRITION IN THE ABINSKIY DISTRICT OF THE KRASNODAR REGION." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.68-70.

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The work shows that application of increased doses of nitrogen does not significantly affect the total milling yield and affects the head rice content. The ambiguous nature of the variability of the grain quality of rice varieties under conditions of different doses of nitrogen fertilizers confirms the need for further studies of the varietal reaction to the level of nitrogen nutrition, based on it - the development of rice cultivation technology modes in order to obtain rice yield with high grain quality.

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Obitsu, T., Y. Kurokawa, T. Sugino, and F. Terada. "Effect of feeding rice grain silage with wood kraft pulp on milk production and enteric methane production in dairy cows." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_21.

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Djalovic, Ivica, Vuk Radojevic, Vojislav Mihailovic, Sanja Vasiljevic, and Bojan Mitrovic. "GENOTIPSKI ODGOVOR NS HIBRIDA KUKURUZA NA POVEĆANU GUSTINU USEVA." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. Agronomski fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.011dj.

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Maize density is an important factor in cultivation which has significant effect on growth parameters. Newer hybrids have greater grain yield at higher plant densities than older hybrids. Differences in grain yield between older and newer maize hybrids were shown to be a function of plant population density. Optimum plant density for maximum grain yield per unit area may differ from hybrid to hybrid on account of significant interactions between hybrids and densities. Modern hybrids have shown tendencies to withstand higher levels of stress (i.e.- low N, high plant densities), which allow them to better sustain suitable photosynthetic rates, appropriate assimilate supplies, and maintain plant growth rates attributable to enhanced mineral nutrition and water use efficiency.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Grain Nutrition"

Caulfield, Laura E., Wendy L. Bennett, Susan M. Gross, Kristen M. Hurley, S. Michelle Ogunwole, Maya Venkataramani, Jennifer L. Lerman, Allen Zhang, Ritu Sharma, and Eric B. Bass. Maternal and Child Outcomes Associated With the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer253.

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Objectives. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) aims to safeguard the health of low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant and postpartum women and children less than 5 years old. This systematic review evaluates whether participation in WIC is associated with nutrition and health outcomes for women, infants, and children, and whether the associations vary by duration of participation or across subgroups. Because of major revisions to the WIC food package in 2009, we prioritized studies published since 2009 and included studies comparing outcomes before and after the 2009 food package change. Data sources. Using electronic publication databases, we conducted a literature search from January 2009 to September 2021 and a targeted search for selected outcomes from January 2000 to September 2021. Review methods. Paired team members independently screened search results, serially abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) using standard methods for observational studies. Results. We included 82 quantitative observational studies and 16 qualitative studies, with 49 studies comparing outcomes of WIC participants with WIC-eligible non-participants. WIC prenatal participation was associated with lower risk of three outcomes: preterm delivery (moderate SOE), low birth weight (moderate SOE), and infant mortality (moderate SOE). Prenatal WIC participation was associated with better maternal diet quality (low SOE), lower risk of inadequate gestational weight gain (low SOE), lower alcohol use in pregnancy (low SOE), and no difference in smoking (low SOE). Maternal WIC participation was associated with increased child preventive care and immunizations (each low SOE), and higher cognitive scores for children (low SOE). Child WIC participation was associated with better diet quality (moderate SOE), and greater intakes of 100 percent fruit juice, whole grain cereals, and age-appropriate milk (moderate SOE). Household WIC participation was associated with greater purchasing of healthy food groups (moderate SOE). Maternal WIC participation was not associated with breastfeeding initiation (moderate SOE). The evidence was insufficient for other outcomes related to maternal health and child growth. The evidence generally was insufficient on how WIC participation affects outcomes across subgroups. Conclusions. Maternal WIC participation was associated with improved birth outcomes, lower infant mortality, and better child cognitive development. WIC participation was associated with purchasing healthier foods and with improved diets for pregnant women and children. More research is needed on maternal health outcomes; food security; child growth, development, and academic achievement; and effectiveness of WIC in all segments of the eligible population.

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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, Ann Blechl, and Phillip San Miguel. Validation of a candidate gene for increased grain protein content in wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695857.bard.

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High Grain Protein Content (GPC) of wheat is important for improved nutritional value and industrial quality. However, selection for this trait is limited by our poor understanding of the genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain. A gene with a large effect on GPC was detected on the short arm of chromosome 6B in a Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides accession from Israel (DIC, hereafter). During the previous BARD project we constructed a half-million clones Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library of tetraploid wheat including the high GPC allele from DIC and mapped the GPC-B1 locus within a 0.3-cM interval. Our long-term goal is to provide a better understanding of the genes controlling grain protein content in wheat. The specific objectives of the current project were to: (1) complete the positional cloning of the GPC-B1 candidate gene; (2) characterize the allelic variation and (3) expression profile of the candidate gene; and (4) validate this gene by using a transgenic RNAi approach to reduce the GPC transcript levels. To achieve these goals we constructed a 245-kb physical map of the GPC-B1 region. Tetraploid and hexaploid wheat lines carrying this 245-kb DIC segment showed delayed senescence and increased GPC and grain micronutrients. The complete sequencing of this region revealed five genes. A high-resolution genetic map, based on approximately 9,000 gametes and new molecular markers enabled us to delimit the GPC-B1 locus to a 7.4-kb region. Complete linkage of the 7.4-kb region with earlier senescence and increase in GPC, Zn, and Fe concentrations in the grain suggested that GPC-B1 is a single gene with multiple pleiotropic effects. The annotation of this 7.4-kb region identified a single gene, encoding a NAC transcription factor, designated as NAM-B1. Allelic variation studies demonstrated that the ancestral wild wheat allele encodes a functional NAC transcription factor whereas modern wheat varieties carry a non-functional NAM-B1 allele. Quantitative PCR showed that transcript levels for the multiple NAMhomologues were low in flag leaves prior to anthesis, after which their levels increased significantly towards grain maturity. Reduction in RNA levels of the multiple NAMhomologues by RNA interference delayed senescence by over three weeks and reduced wheat grain protein, Zn, and Fe content by over 30%. In the transgenic RNAi plants, residual N, Zn and Fe in the dry leaves was significantly higher than in the control plants, confirming a more efficient nutrient remobilization in the presence of higher levels of GPC. The multiple pleiotropic effects of NAM genes suggest a central role for these genes as transcriptional regulators of multiple processes during leaf senescence, including nutrient remobilization to the developing grain. The cloning of GPC-B1 provides a direct link between the regulation of senescence and nutrient remobilization and an entry point to characterize the genes regulating these two processes. This may contribute to their more efficient manipulation in crops and translate into food with enhanced nutritional value. The characterization of the GPC-B1 gene will have a significant impact on wheat production in many regions of the world and will open the door for the identification of additional genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain.

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Woldeyohanes, Tesfaye, Karl Hughes, Kai Mausch, and Judith Oduol. Adoption of improved grains legumes and dryland cereals crop varieties: A synthesis of evidence. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21022.pdf.

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Like other crop improvement programs, a key prerequisite for the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (CRP GLDC) to generate large-scale impact is large-scale adoption. Hence, evidencing the breadth and depth of such adoption is both of intrinsic interest and important for estimating downstream impacts, such as improved food and nutritional security, income, resilience, and soil health. While various GLDC adoption studies have been undertaken, a recent effort to systematically review these studies and synthesize the results is lacking. We undertook such a review, identifying 69 studies and 35 independent country crop combinations (CCCs). To generate aggregated and updated estimates of GLDC improved varietal adoption, we devised and applied a procedure to estimate national cropping areas under such varieties and, in turn, the number of adopting households. Estimates derived from household surveys and expert opinion solicitation are treated with higher and lower levels of confidence, respectively. As of 2019, we estimate from higher confidence studies that improved GLDC crops were cultivated on 15.37 million hectares of land by 17.64 million households in CRP GLDC’s 13 priority countries. With the inclusion of lower confidence studies, these numbers increase to 32 and 44.64 million, respectively. We are further confident that the program exceeded its adoption target of 8.9 million newly adopting households from 2011, particularly when likely spillovers vis-à-vis non-surveyed areas, non-priority countries, and non-priority crops in priority countries are considered.

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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, and Ann Blechl. Positional cloning of a gene responsible for high grain protein content in tetraploid wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695875.bard.

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High Grain Protein Content (GPC) is a desirable trait in breadmaking and pasta wheat varieties because of its positive effects on quality and nutritional value. However, selection for GPC is limited by our poor understanding of the genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes controlling GPC in wheat. The specific objectives of this project were: a) to develop a high-density genetic map of the GPC gene in tetraploid wheat, b) to construct a T. turgidum Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library, c) to construct a physical map of the GPC gene and identify a candidate for the GPC gene. A gene with a large effect on GPC was detected in Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides and was previously mapped in the short arm of chromosome 6B. To define better the position of the Gpc-B1 locus we developed homozygous recombinant lines with recombination events within the QTL region. Except for the 30-cM region of the QTL these RSLs were isogenic for the rest of the genome minimizing the genetic variability. To minimize the environmental variability the RSLs were characterized using 10 replications in field experiments organized in a Randomized Complete Block Design, which were repeated three times. Using this strategy, we were able to map this QTL as a single Mendelian locus (Gpc-B1) on a 2.6-cM region flanked by RFLP markers Xcdo365 and Xucw67. All three experiments showed that the lines carrying the DIC allele had an average absolute increase in GPC of 14 g/kg. Using the RFLP flanking markers, we established the microcolinearity between a 2.l-cM region including the Gpc-B1 gene in wheat chromosome 6BS and a 350-kb region on rice chromosome 2. Rice genes from this region were used to screen the Triticeae EST collection, and these ESTs were used to saturate the Gpc-B1 region with molecular markers. With these new markers we were able to map the Gpc-B1 locus within a 0.3-cM region flanked by PCR markers Xucw83 and Xucw71. These flanking markers defined a 36-kb colinear region with rice, including one gene that is a potential candidate for the Gpc-B1 gene. To develop a physical map of the Gpc-B1 region in wheat we first constructed a BAC library of tetraploid wheat, from RSL#65 including the high Gpc-B1 allele. We generated half- million clones with an average size of l3l-kb (5.1 X genome equivalents for each of the two genomes). This coverage provides a 99.4% probability of recovering any gene from durum wheat. We used the Gpc-BI flanking markers to screen this BAC library and then completed the physical map by chromosome walking. The physical map included two overlapping BACs covering a region of approximately 250-kb, including two flanking markers and the Gpc-B1 gene. Efforts are underway to sequence these two BACs to determine if additional wheat genes are present in this region. Weare also developing new RSLs to further dissect this region. We developed PCR markers for flanking loci Xucw79andXucw71 to facilitate the introgression of this gene in commercial varieties by marker assisted selection (httQ://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/ orotocols/HGPC/index.hlm). Using these markers we introgressed the Gpc-B1 gene in numerous pasta and common wheat breeding lines.

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Grasso, Diego Ignacio, Ana Castillo, Fausto Castillo, and Carmen Castro Blandón. Casos de uso de blockchain en las cadenas de valor agropecuarias América Latina y el Caribe. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004500.

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Desde BID Lab creemos que el uso de soluciones tecnológicas en la agricultura y las cadenas de valor agropecuaria ayudarán a reducir las brechas de productividad de forma más sostenible, apoyar a los productores a diseñar estrategias frente a las crisis climáticas; asegurar la inclusión de los pequeños y medianos productores, que representan el 80% del universo de productores de América Latina y el Caribe; y apoyar el acceso a alimentos nutritivos de la población más vulnerables de nuestra región. Mucho se habla y se ha escrito de la tecnología blockchain y su potencial uso en el sector agropecuario. Esta publicación tiene por objetivo contribuir a la agenda de conocimiento vinculados al uso de esta nueva tecnología, a través de casos concretos que permitan un análisis crítico al lector. Los casos analizados de América Latina y el Caribe confirman el potencial de la tecnología en materia de identidad, trazabilidad y finanzas. Al mismo tiempo revelan grandes desafíos para su adopción, acceso a nuevas fuentes de financiación y generación de ingresos. Es esperable que la evolución de la tecnología y del marco regulatorio favorezcan la innovación y permitan tanto la consolidación de estos proyectos como el surgimiento de nuevos tipos de soluciones, transformándose en una gran oportunidad para promover la inclusión de pequeños productores y medianos productores a través de la innovación por parte de los actores privados, públicos y sociedad civil.

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