Tesi sul tema "Government spending policy"
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1
Yilmaz, Sakir Devrim. "Productive government spending fiscal policy and growth". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499867.
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2
Van, der Hilst Alan. "The institutional and political determinants of supplemental spending legislation /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7451.
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3
Trani, Brett. "Crises, consensus, and conviction : the core executive and the institutionalisation of British efficiency reforms". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225335.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the aftermath of the 2008 economic recession, governments across the globe were forced to confront a difficult reality: growth and spending would need to be revised dramatically downward while central government systems would have to be made more efficient. In the United Kingdom specifically, the 2010 general election became a referendum on how quickly and severely to implement austerity policies the likes of which had not been seen for generations. Why did the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition choose austerity when other alternatives, such as a public sector stimulus package, were also available? To answer this question this research seeks to understand how and why political actors in the United Kingdom respond to economic and political crises through the implementation of specific efficiency reforms. This is accomplished through two specific steps: the establishment of an analytical framework to better understand the dynamics of efficiency reforms and an in-depth study of the historical development of efficiency reforms from the early twentieth century through the present. A historical institutionalist theoretical foundation is employed in order to understand the evolution of ideas throughout this time span. A thorough understanding of institutional effects, including aspects of lock-in effects and process tracing, are essential components of understanding why powerful political actors choose certain efficiency reforms over others. Ultimately, this research is meant as a first step towards a greater understanding of efficiency in government. Previous research has examined specific reforms in relative isolation without the benefit of historical context. By systematically tracing the evolution of efficiency reforms across different eras a more complete understanding of policies and political actors is established. Further research, including comparative studies across political systems and the incorporation of quantitative date, is discussed in the conclusion.
4
McGovern, Robert F. "Federal Deficit Spending and Partisanship: An Economic Analysis". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1197410777.
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5
Haug, Alfred A. ""Ricardian equivalence or debt illusion : empirical studies"". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267621324.
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6
Pitt, Brian A. "Social welfare and the public opinion of government spending moving beyond the self-interest - symbolic politics dichotomy /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 79 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597633361&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Olds, Eric H. "Net State and Local Government Expenditure: A Better Link between Expenditure and the Tax Burden?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OldsEH2007.pdf.
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Lee, Tung-hao. "Optimal public debt policy under uncertainty : a new classical approach /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726702499746.
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9
Li, Yuen-yee Angel. "Trading funds : an analysis of developments and results /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508344.
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10
Kim, Jae-Hoon. "An empirical analysis on the relationship between public capital and aggregate output : case of Korea 1970-2001 /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418039.
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Iqbal, Kazi. "Essays on intergenerational allocation of public spending, growth and optimal taxation /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7435.
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Phillips, Justin H. "The political economy of state tax policy : the effects of electoral outcomes, market competition, and political institutions /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3191999.
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13
Ko, Myeong Chul. "The Effects of Community Quality of Life on Local Policy Decisions". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28673.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There have been extensive debates on the factors that influence local policy decisions. Although many researchers have contributed to uncovering various influences such as political, economic, institutional, and demographic factors on local policy decisions, however, the concept of QoL rarely has used in extant literature. Local government spending is likely to be affected by citizen demands for achieving community well-being. Additionally, given that different policy functions variably affect local circumstances, the impact of QoL on local policy decisions will depend on the policy area. Hence, this study examined the relationship between QoL and local budgetary decisions based on Petersonâ s (1981) policy scheme of, three distinct policy arenas (developmental, allocational, and redistributive policy). In examining the relationship of QoL and city spending across policy functions, I also considered economic, political, institutional, and demographic factors, derived from various theoretical perspectives on local policy decisions.
The relative influences of community QoL as well as other factors on local policy decisions were estimated by two-stage least squares regression analysis (2SLS) for developmental spending and by ordinary least squares (OLS) for allocational and redistributive spending. To measure community QoL, this study used 89,066 completed surveys from 167 communities in the United States for 2002-2008 are used. QoL appeared as a critical factor influencing local government expenditures in the three policy areas. The impact of QoL on local spending in the three areas differed depending on city income levels; city income levels then moderated local policy decisions.
These findings suggest that local policy priorities adjusted in accordance with economic growth. Allocational policy functions also should be thought to be functions of cities geared toward giving them a competitive edge over other cities by meeting evolved citizen preferences for city amenities. These findings also point to distinct patterns of political activities in each policy arena. Given that community QoL reflects adjusted citizensâ demands, I contend that community QoL can contribute to performance management by providing additional public information and a complementary performance indicator.Ph. D.
14
Li, Yuen-yee Angel, e 李婉兒. "Trading funds: an analysis of developments and results". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965015.
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15
Haug, Alfred A. (. "Ricardian equivalence or debt illusion : empirical studies /". Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1267621324.
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16
Al-Mazrouei, Saleh Jathlan. "Cutting governments spending: An analysis of the budget cuts within the Federal Government of the United States and the United Arab Emirates". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1963.
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This paper gives an overview of the historical changes in the budgets of the U.S. and U.A.E.; discusses the nature of national government spending and outlines how and why government budgets in both countries have changed ove time.
17
Myrick, Darrell Royster. "The effect of the voting franchise on public policy decision making and provincial government spending for HIV/AIDS". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05272008-173701/.
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Nåbo, Axel, e Oscar Wahlgren. "The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Inflation : A panel data analysis on government spending and the price level". Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53086.
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Townsend, Jacqueline Michelle. "Managerial reforms within the United States government". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2881.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research project examines Presidential and Congressional attempts to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the United States government. It describes prior reform efforts and then focuses on President George W. Bush's management agenda.
20
Chen, Dongjin. "Legacies and Incentives:Explaining Variation in Local Healthcare Expenditure Variation in Post-Mao China". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1343052167.
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21
Yang, Weonho. "Macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy". Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7629.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The interest in the use of fiscal policy as an effective economic policy tool has been revived recently, since the global recession of 2008 hit the world. In spite of a large empirical literature, there remains substantial uncertainty about the size and even the direction of the effects of discretionary fiscal policy. This thesis seeks to investigate the macroeconomic effects of discretionary fiscal policy in the short term, highlighting several methodologies for identifying discretionary fiscal policy. In Chapters 2 and 3, we suggest a new instrument based on the narrative approach for identifying exogenous government spending shocks: natural disaster damages and the subsequent government emergency spending. While applying our methodology to the Korean and the U.S data, we find that our instrument is not only powerful but also superior to military build-ups used by most of the literature. The relief expenditure in the wake of natural disaster has several advantages such as the similarity in scope to general government activity and the easy applicability beyond the U.S. compared to military build-ups. In the analysis of Korean fiscal policy, using our narrative method and the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model, we find that government spending shocks increase GDP, consumption, and real wage, which is in line with the New Keynesian model. We also find that the timing is crucial in identifying government spending shocks due to the anticipation effects of fiscal policy. Furthermore, while analyzing the U.S. fiscal policy both at the state as well as national level, we estimate two kinds of non-defense spending multipliers: federal (1.4~1.7) and state (1.5~2.5), which exceed the defense spending multiplier obtained in the literature using military building-ups. In Chapter 4, in regard to the study of effects of fiscal adjustment, we develop the approach based on changes in cyclically adjusted primary balance (CAPB) by including fluctuations of asset price in the CAPB measure and allowing for individual country heterogeneity in the definition of fiscal adjustment. Using our new CAPB in 20 OECD countries, we find that fiscal adjustments have contractionary effects on economic activity in the short term, which is consistent with the result based on the narrative approach. Nevertheless, our results suggest that fiscal adjustments that rely predominantly on spending cuts are less contractionary than those involving tax increases.
22
Mdlazi, David Thembalikayise Francis. "An appropriate financial management and budgeting system to support transition in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51590.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study is devoted to the determination of an appropriate financial management and budgeting system to support a transforming South Africa. Given the challenges and opportunities presented by the new political dispensation, both locally and abroad, the evolution of financial management and budgeting systems is analysed. Specifically, elements of each budgetary system that stood the test of time to the present, are studied. International case studies of countries that have undergone (or are undergoing) the transformation process successfully, or otherwise, are fully discussed to serve as invaluable lessons and experience for South Africa on its quest for a smooth and swift transformation, to prevent it from ending up as just another unsuccessful transformation. This then serves as a broad foundation for an appropriate financial management and budgeting system which is proactive in the transformation process. South Africa will not reinvent the wheel. Unlike other countries that waited for transformation problems to fall upon them, the South African financial management and budgeting system manipulates the financial management policies. It achieves this by broadly defining the objectives to be achieved through prioritisation and reprioritisation, formulate clear strategies for shortterm, medium-term and long-term plans, goals, processes, functions and activities. It applies all the positive elements of input-orientated systems, activity/ performance measuring systems, objective/goal-orientated system, medium term expenditure framework and multi-year budgets studied and drawn from lessons and experience of other countries. South Africa's appropriate financial management and budgeting system is a broad crosswalk model vacillating between all systems from a broad definition of objectives, goals, processes and activities ending up with a strong financial management tool.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dié studie word gewy aan die daarstelling van 'n Geskikte Finansiële Bestuur en Begrotingstelsel om 'n veranderende Suid-Afrika te ondersteun. Teen die agtergrond van die uitdagings daargestel deur die nuwe politieke bestel word die revolusie van finansiële bestuur- en begrotingstelsels plaaslik en in die buiteland ontleed en in perspektief geplaas. Meer spesifiek is die elemente van elke begrotingstelsel wat die toets van die tyd deurstaan het, bestudeer. Internasionale studies van lande wat die veranderingsproses suksesvol ondergaan het (of tans daarmee besig is), of andersins, word volledig bespreek om as 'n onskatbare les en ondervinding vir Suid-Afrika in sy soektog na 'n gladde en vinnige transformasie te dien en om te verhoed dat dit op net nog 'n onsuksesvolle transformasie uitloop. Dit dien dan as 'n breë grondslag vir 'n Geskikte Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsel wat proaktief in die Suid-Afrikaanse transformasieproses is. Suid-Afrika sal nie die wiel kan heruitvind nie. Anders as in ander lande wat op transformasieprobleme gewag het om hulle te tref, kan die Suid- Afrikaanse Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsels finansiële bestuursbeleid pro-aktief ondersteun. Dit word bewerkstellig deur 'n omvattende bepaling van die mikpunte wat bereik moet word deur priorisering en herpriorisering van planne, doelwitte, prosesse, funksies en aktiwiteite op die kort, medium en lang termyn. Dit is moontlik indien al die positiewe elemente van verskillende finansiële bestuur- en begrotingsteiseis, soos bestudeer in en geleer uit ander lande se ondervindings toegepas word. Suid-Afrika se Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsel behels 'n breë omvattende model wat put uit al die stelsels wat 'n bepaling van doelstellings, mikpunte, prosesse en aktiwiteite bevat ten einde te eindig met 'n sterk Finansiële Bestuurswerktuig.
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Lombo, Nomachule. "Assessment of government spending austerity measures in on-site school support for curriculum delivery: a case of Idutywa Education District". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2038.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The view of on-site school support for curriculum delivery is shared by most countries and its effects have been felt by schools. There is fear that the Austerity Measures will negate the outcomes of the action taken by the teams that visit the schools. The reviewed literature is more biased towards the Austerity Measures in the whole government sector rather than in a department or an institution like the Education District in Idutywa. Even though the effects of Austerity Measures have been researched all over the world based on a specific country, there is deficiency of such literature done in the institution like the department of Education Districts. The researcher intends contributing to the filling of this gap by this study. The researcher therefore carried out a focused study of the effect of Department’s Austerity Measures on on-site school curriculum support in Idutywa Education District. It is also imperative to know how the teachers are affected by these departmental Austerity Measures, hence the interviews were carried out with the school personnel in addition to the District Professional staff. The District is characterised by poor performance in both Annual National Assessment (ANA) and the final National Senior Certificate results. The findings revealed that the implementation of AM have contributed to, amongst other things, the following issues: The inadequate on-site school support for curriculum delivery; The shortage of resources that includes teachers and vehicles; and ultimately the learner underperformance The researcher expect that the recommendation made will be embraced and be factored through, during the planning process of the Eastern Cape Department of Basic Education in order to improve learner performance.
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Emler, Jay Scott. "How to fund homeland security without federal dollars : state and local funding of homeland security initiatives in light of decreased support by the federal government /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FEmler.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security And Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 3, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Also available in print.
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Menendez, Gonzalez Irene. "The politics of compensation under trade : openness, economic geography and spending". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7974d14a-b88d-46a3-99aa-553dc85a9192.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the conditions under which democratically elected policymakers are more likely to provide policies that compensate individuals that lose from international trade. It develops and empirically tests a theoretical framework of compensation in open economies that accounts for differences in the degree to which governments benefit losers from trade. It first develops a theory of preference formation based on economic geography, and then argues that electoral and legislative institutions jointly condition the supply of compensation. The theoretical analysis provides three sets of observable implications evaluated using micro- and macro-level data in Europe and Latin America. First, exposure to international competition increases demand for policy that compensates for the costs of trade, but this effect is more pronounced among those individuals in economically specialised and uncompetitive contexts where reemployment in the event of a shock is difficult. Second, policymakers in proportional electoral systems face weak incentives to target trade losers in geographically concentrated and uncompetitive regions. In contrast, majoritarian institutions generate incentives to increase compensation when trade losers are geographically concentrated. Another implication is that under some conditions, the presence of a strong upper house that represents regional interests dampens the provision of compensation, and the relative effect of electoral rules. The empirical implications of the argument are tested using a multi-method research strategy that combines cross-national and case study analyses and draws on quantitative and qualitative techniques. Chapter 3 tests the micro-level implications of the model using survey data for European regions over 2002-2006. The findings indicate that regional economic specialization and regional competitiveness jointly condition the impact of trade on preferences for compensation. Chapter 4 systematically tests the extent to which the geographical concentration of trade losers conditions the effect of electoral institutions on levels of compensation. It uses panel data from 14 European countries from 1980 to 2010. The findings indicate that where trade losers are concentrated, lower district magnitude leads to more compensation. Chapters 5 and 6 conduct case studies of compensation in Spain and Argentina, both countries that underwent deep liberalisation and offer significant variation at the regional and institutional level. Chapter 5 explores preferences over compensation in selected regions in Spain and Argentina, and shows that regional specialisation and competitiveness were important in shaping levels of support for compensation. Chapter 6 examines the role of electoral institutions and legislative veto bargaining in shaping the politics of compensation in Spain and Argentina.
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Endegnanew, Yehenew Gualu. "Essays on Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries and Microstates". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120545.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Els efectes i el paper de la Política Fiscal en els països en vies de desenvolupament i els microestats contínua sent una branca relativament poc explorada en la literatura especialitzada. Aquesta tesi és un intent de contribuir en tres àrees importants de la literatura sobre Política Fiscal: els efectes a curt termini de la Política Fiscal i el comportament dins del cicle econòmic de la Política Fiscal en els països en vies de desenvolupament i, finalment, la relació entre la Política Fiscal i la Balança per Compte Corrent en els microestats.
La primera part de la tesi tracta d'avaluar els efectes dels xocs de despesa pública sobre l'economia dels països en vies de desenvolupament. Aquesta tesi utilitza una nova metodologia basada en el Model SVAR (Structural Vector Autoregression) on la identificació es realitzada a través de restriccions en el signe. L'esquema d'identificació assumeix que els xocs de despesa pública són els únics que augmenten la despesa pública, la producció, el dèficit i els ingressos fiscals dins el període d'impacte.
La tècnica mencionada anteriorment es aplicada utilitzant dades de 9 països diferents. Els resultats mostren que un augment de la despesa pública conduirà a un creixement de la producció i del consum a curt termini, una immediata deterioració de les exportacions netes i a una apreciació, que pot ser no significativa, de la taxa de canvi. A més a més, els multiplicadors fiscals indiquen ser més grans que u per a tots els països menys un, durant el període d'impacte. Aquest resultats indica que un estímul fiscal pot tenir efectes d'expansió sobre la producció i el consum. De totes maneres, aquests efectes semblen ser de curt termini.
En la segona part de la tesi es considera el tema de la Política Fiscal pro-cíclica en els països en vies de desenvolupament. En la literatura existeixen dues possibles explicacions per aquest fenomen. Una d'elles senyala que la Política Fiscal pro-cíclica és conseqüència de la falta d'integració fiscal amb la resta del món que pateixen els països en vies de desenvolupament mentre l'altre responsabilitza la capacitat institucional d'aquests països.
En aquesta tesi s'analitza, tenint en compte els diferents estats del cicle econòmic, la importància de l'obertura financera i la qualitat de les institucions per determinar l'habilitat dels països de dur a terme Política Fiscal contra-cíclica. Aquest anàlisi es duu a terme mitjançant un model de regressió multiplicativa de planell amb termes interactius i dades de 109 països. L'anàlisi mostra que durant períodes de bonança la qualitat de les institucions juga un paper determinant en el cicle de la Política Fiscal, mentre que durant períodes de recessió son tant la integració fiscal com la qualitat de les institucions els factors claus en determinar la capacitat dels països d'emprar polítiques contra-cícliques.
La tercera i última part de la tesi, escrita conjuntament amb Charles Amo-Yartey i Therese Turner Jones, examina la relació empírica entre Política Fiscal i la Balança per Compte Corrent en microestats (aquells amb una població inferior a 2 milions d'habitants entre 1970 i 2009). Donat el fet que els microestats estan caracteritzats per condicions especials com ara la reduïda dimensió del mercat domèstic i de recursos de base, gran grau d'obertura i un sector públic normalment gran, els resultats de la Política Fiscal poden ser diferents dels d'altres tipus d'economies.
En aquesta parts, s'utilitza un Model PVAR (Panel Vector Autoregression) per tal d'estimar l'efecte de la Política Fiscal en la Balança per Compte Corrent dels microestats. Resumint, els resultats indiquen que el dèbil efecte dels preus fa l'ajust fiscal força més difícil en els microestats.Fiscal policy in the context of developing countries remains a relatively under explored area in the literature. This thesis is an attempt to address three important areas in the literature on fiscal policy in developing countries, namely, the short-run effects of fiscal policy, the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy, and the link between fiscal policy and the current account. The first part of the thesis assesses the effects of government spending shocks on the economy of developing countries. I use a recent Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) technique where identification is achieved via sign restrictions. The identification scheme applies the restrictions that government spending shocks are the only shocks that raise government spending, output, deficit and tax revenue in the impact period. I gather data on 9 countries and employ the above outlined technique. The results show that an increase in government spending would lead to a short-lived expansion of output and consumption, an immediate deterioration of net exports, and an appreciation or no effect on exchange rates. Moreover, the calculated output multipliers give values that are greater than one for all but one country in the impact period. The results suggest a fiscal stimulus could have expansionary effects on output and consumption, however these effects would be short-lived. In the second part of the thesis, I consider the issue of procyclicality of fiscal policy in developing countries. In the literature, there exist two competing plausible explanations. One espouses the view that procyclical fiscal policy is a result of lack of financial integration with the world economy while the other view attributes it to weak institutions within the country. I analyze, by taking into consideration the different states of the economy, the role of financial openness and quality of institutions on the ability of countries to conduct counter-cyclical fiscal policy. I develop a multiplicative panel regression model with interactive terms and use data from 109 countries. The analysis shows during good times the quality of institutions has a dominant role to play in the cyclicality of fiscal policy, and during bad times both financial integration and institutions are important in the ability of countries to run counter-cyclical fiscal policy. The third and last part of the thesis, coauthored with Charles Amo-Yartey and Therese Turner Jones, examines the empirical link between fiscal policy and the current account focusing on microstates. Microstates are defined as countries with a population of less than 2 million between 1970 and 2009. Due to microstates being characterized by special features such as small size of domestic markets, small domestic resource base, high degree of openness and large size of the public sector, among others, findings from other countries may not be applicable to such states. In this part, panel regression and Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) are employed to estimate the impact of fiscal policy on the current account in microstates. Overall, the results suggest that the weak relative price effect makes fiscal adjustment much more difficult in microstates.
27
Kagundu, Paul. "The Quality of Governance, Composition of Public Expenditures, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07192006-184035/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Jorge L. Martinez-Vazquez, committee chair; James R. Alm, Roy W. Bahl, Mary Beth Walker, Neven T. Valev, Martin F. Grace, committee members. Electronic text (150 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewedAug. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-148).
28
Ndaleni, Phumla. "Enhancing financial accountability in the acquisition of goods and services : the case of the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Safety and Liaison". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020657.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Supply Chain Management is an aspect of the procurement process which focuses on addressing the needs of both the service provider and the end user. It has a constitutional status which enables it to contribute towards addressing past discriminatory practices. It assists in correcting the imbalances of the past in the procurement of goods and services for government. Section 217(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) specifies that procurement must be fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost effective. Accountability is the most critical element in improving financial management in the public sector. The objective of the study was to highlight the need for accountability in Public Finance Management. Additionally, it was intended to assess the respective roles of the various processes involved in the acquisition of goods and services with the goal of enhancing accountability in the Eastern Cape Department of Safety and Liaison in Bhisho. The study was conducted at the Head Office of the Supply Chain Management Section and the district offices with officials who are responsible for the procurement of goods and services. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a survey was conducted using the qualitative method to ensure greater understanding and reliability. Convenience sampling was applied as it allowed the researcher to select the sample that was convenient. Moreover, it made it easier to reach the available participants. Data was gathered by means of face-to-face interviews for the Head Office respondents and telephonic interviews for the respondents of the district offices. The study concluded with recommendations emanating from the research findings that are meant to assist in improving accountability in Supply Chain Management within the Eastern Cape Department of Safety and Liaison.
29
Klyvienė, Violeta. "Macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141010_115047-23680.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The object of this dissertation is the evaluation of the effectiveness of fiscal policy as stabilizing tools in the Baltic countries. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effects of tax and fiscal policies on such Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian macroeconomic variables as gross domestic product, employment, foreign direct investment and interest rates. Structural Vector Auto Regressive mode (SVAR) has been employed for the analysis. Results of the research suggest that tax shocks may have different effects in different countries: labour tax increases adversely affect output and employment in all economies. It is only Lithuania where indirect tax increases negatively affect output while in Latvia and Estonia indirect tax shocks effects are positive. Persistent results of the negative corporate income tax effects on macroeconomic variables were obtained only in Lithuania as well, results in Latvia and Estonia vary depending on the SVAR variable composition. The results show that the increase in government spending leads to GDP, employment and foreign direct investment decline in Estonia and Lithuania, while in Latvia the negative impact is less significant. On the other hand, public investment has a positive impact on macroeconomic variables in all three economies. Interest rates are relatively insensitive to fiscal shocks in all Baltic countries, and this may be explained by the high degree of economic openness and dependence on global market fluctuations.Disertacijoje tiriama fiskalinės politikos įtaka Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos makroekonominiam stabilumui. Disertacijos tikslas – nustatyti Baltijos šalių mokesčių ir fiskalinės politikos įtaką ekonominiams procesams ir kiekybiškai įvertinti fiskalinės politikos priemonių poveikį makroekonominiams rodikliams. Šiame darbe buvo tirti svarbiausių fiskalinės politikos priemonių – pagrindinių mokesčių, valdžios sektoriaus investicijų ir visų išlaidų poveikis BVP, užimtiesiems, investicijoms ir palūkanų normoms. Pasitelkus vieną populiariausių fiskalinės politikos efektams tirti taikomų metodų – struktūrinius vektorinius autoregresinius modelius (SVAR) – buvo prieita prie tokių išvadų: skirtingų mokesčių šokai nevienodai veikia Baltijos šalių makroekonominius rodiklius. Darbo mokesčių didinimas neigiamai veikia BVP ir užimtumą visose ekonomikose; bet netiesioginių mokesčių didinimas teigiamai veikia BVP Latvijoje ir Estijoje, ir tik Lietuvoje poveikis yra neigiamas. Tik Lietuvoje buvo gauti stabilūs rezultatai apie neigiamą pelno mokesčių poveikį ekonomikai. Latvijoje ir Estijoje poveikio efektai varijuoja priklausomai nuo SVAR modelio kintamųjų sudėties. Rezultatai rodo, kad valdžios sektoriaus išlaidų didinimas lemia BVP, užimtumo ir tiesioginių investicijų mažėjimą Lietuvoje ir Estijoje. Latvijoje neigiama poveikio įtaka yra mažiau reikšminga. Kita vertus, valdžios sektoriaus investicijos turi teigiamą poveikį ekonomikos procesams visose trijose ekonomikose. Palūkanų normos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
30
Arnett, Sarah B. "Fiscal Stress in the U.S. States: An Analysis of Measures and Responses". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/38.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fiscal stress is an important and recurring problem that states face. Research to date on state fiscal stress involves, predominantly, cross-sectional and case study analyses and does not address the effectiveness of state responses. Many of these studies use different definitions and measures of fiscal stress compounding the difficulty of comparing fiscal stress findings. The present research effort adds to the fiscal stress literature by (1) clarifying the meaning of fiscal stress in the state context, (2) developing a measure of fiscal stress that operationalizes this meaning and is comparable across units, and 3) using this measure analyzes patterns in and the effectiveness of state responses. Fiscal stress is measured using four indexes: budget, cash, long-run, service-level. Eleven financial indicators, calculated using data from state Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (CAFRs), are used to create these indexes for all fifty states for the years 2002-2009. Descriptive analysis compares state fiscal stress levels (grouped into low, moderate, and high fiscal stress by cluster analysis) to state economic growth rates, state responses, and institutional factors yielding several findings. First, states do not use an incremental or punctuated equilibrium strategy in responding to fiscal stress; nor do their responses follow the pattern predicted by Cutback Management theory. Second, institutional factors affect both the levels of fiscal stress and state responses to fiscal stress. Regression analysis supports and extends these findings. First, short-term responses of expenditure cuts, tax increases, and rainy day fund use do not affect state fiscal stress levels. Second, these responses have long-term effects on fiscal stress levels. A major implication of this research is that there is very little states can do in the short-term to reduce fiscal stress. However, by balancing expenditures and revenues states can set themselves up to weather the next economic downturn with lower levels of fiscal stress.
31
Guo, Hai. "Setting Discretionary Fiscal Policy within the Limits of Budgetary Institutions: Evidence from American State Governments". Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24738.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Willoughby, Katherine; Committee Member: Eger, Robert; Committee Member: Kingsley, Gordon; Committee Member: Sjoquist, David; Committee Member: Wallace, Sally.
32
Arnett, Sarah. "Fiscal stress in the U.S. states: an analysis of measures and responses". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42860.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fiscal stress is an important and recurring problem that states face. Research to date on state fiscal stress involves, predominantly, cross-sectional and case study analyses and does not address the effectiveness of state responses. Many of these studies use different definitions and measures of fiscal stress compounding the difficulty of comparing fiscal stress findings. The present research effort adds to the fiscal stress literature by (1) clarifying the meaning of fiscal stress in the state context, (2) developing a measure of fiscal stress that operationalizes this meaning and is comparable across units, and 3) using this measure analyzes patterns in and the effectiveness of state responses. Fiscal stress is measured using four indexes: budget, cash, long-run, service-level. Eleven financial indicators, calculated using data from state Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (CAFRs), are used to create these indexes for all fifty states for the years 2002-2009. Descriptive analysis compares state fiscal stress levels (grouped into low, moderate, and high fiscal stress by cluster analysis) to state economic growth rates, state responses, and institutional factors yielding several findings. First, states do not use an incremental or punctuated equilibrium strategy in responding to fiscal stress; nor do their responses follow the pattern predicted by Cutback Management theory. Second, institutional factors affect both the levels of fiscal stress and state responses to fiscal stress. Regression analysis supports and extends these findings. First, short-term responses of expenditure cuts, tax increases, and rainy day fund use do not affect state fiscal stress levels. Second, these responses have long-term effects on fiscal stress levels. A major implication of this research is that there is very little states can do in the short-term to reduce fiscal stress. However, by balancing expenditures and revenues states can set themselves up to weather the next economic downturn with lower levels of fiscal stress.
33
Shayanewako, V. B. "The impact of foreign debt on economic growth in South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015140.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study analyses the economic impact between foreign debt and economic growth in South Africa. By fitting a production function model to annual data for the period 1980-2011, the study examines the dynamic effect of debt service, capital stock and labour force on the economic growth of the country. By following Cunningham (1993), it has identified the long-run and short-run causal relationships among the included variables. The results indicate that the debt servicing burden has a negative effect on the productivity of labour and capital, and thereby affect economic growth adversely. The results also illustrate that the debt service ratio tends to negatively affect GDP and the rate of economic growth in the long-run, which, in turn, reduces the ability of the country to service its debt. Similarly, the estimated error correction term shows the existence of a significant long-run causal relationship among the specified variables. Overall, the results suggest the existence of short-run and long-run causal relationships running from debt service to GDP.
34
Rampedi, Leshabe Samuel. "A critical analysis of the macro-economic policies in post apartheid South Africa and the resultant effects on budgetary provisions for development in the Limpopo Province,with specific reference to roads infrastructural provision". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2065.
Testo completo
35
Ndhleve, Simbarashe. "Agricultural public spending, growth and poverty linkage hypotheses in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/493.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The adoption of the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG1) of reducing the rate of poverty to half of the 1990-level by 2015, the advent of democracy in South Africa, among other things, have raised concerns over the potential role of the agricultural sector. There is a belief that the sector has the capacity to successfully reduce poverty among the rural masses and contribute to addressing the problem of inequality in South Africa. In line with that thinking, South Africa‘s agricultural sector has attracted considerable fiscal policy interest. For instance, South Africa‘s statistics show that public investments in agricultural development programmes have been growing. In spite of this, rural poverty is still a major concern on an overall basis. However, this might not be the case in the Eastern Cape Province and the situation might be different for each district municipality. This study assesses the linkages between public agricultural investment, agricultural growth and poverty reduction in the Eastern Cape Province. The study also addresses the question whether Eastern Cape Province is on course to meet several regional development targets. The study also aims to provide an estimate of the amount of agricultural investment required to attain the agricultural productivity growth rate which is sufficient to meet MDG1. The study reviewed the various theories of public spending, linkages between public investment and agricultural growth and how these components affect the incidence of poverty. The conventional wisdom that public expenditure in agriculture positively affects economic growth and this growth consequently reduces poverty was noted. The reviews also revealed that in many developing countries, the current level of public agricultural investment needs to be increased significantly for countries to meet the MDG1. This study employed the decomposition technique and growth elasticity of poverty concept to estimate the response of poverty to its key determinants. The size of public spending, prioritization of public spending and the intensity in the use of public funds emerged as important in increasing agricultural production. The relationship between government investment in agriculture and agricultural GDP shows iv that public funds were largely behind the province‘s success in increasing agricultural production throughout the period from 1990s to 2010. Agricultural spending went to sustainable resource management, administrative functions and then farmer support programme. Exceptional growth in the size of spending was recorded in respect to agricultural economic function, structured agricultural training, sustainable resource management and veterinary services. Overall output from the agricultural sector fluctuated, and the sector contributed less than 5 per cent to the total provincial GDP. Correlations between growth in agricultural sector and changes in the incidence of poverty in Eastern Cape show that during the period 1995 to 2000, increases in the agricultural GDP per capita may have failed to benefit the poor as poverty increased in all the reported cases.–However, for the period between 2005 and 2010, the situation was different and it was observed that increases in agricultural GDP per capita and were associated with reduction in the incidence of poverty. Growth elasticity of poverty (GEP) estimates reveal that agricultural GDP per capita was more important in reducing poverty in 5 out of the 7 district municipalities. Non-agricultural GDP per capita was only important in two district municipalities. It emerged that most of the district municipalities are not in a position to meet any of the regional set goals. This situation is largely attributable to the province‘s failure to boost agricultural production which is an outcome of low and inefficient public expenditure management, inconsistent and misaligned policies and failure to fully embrace the concept of pro-poor growth. Varied provisional estimates for the required agricultural growth rate and the increase in public spending on agriculture required in order to reach MDG1 were calculated for each district municipalities. All the district municipalities of Eastern Cape will need to increase public investment in agriculture for them to achieve MDG1.
36
Klyvienė, Violeta. "Fiskalinės politikos įtaka Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos makroekonominiam stabilumui". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141010_115036-65090.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Disertacijoje tiriama fiskalinės politikos įtaka Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos makroekonominiam stabilumui. Disertacijos tikslas – nustatyti Baltijos šalių mokesčių ir fiskalinės politikos įtaką ekonominiams procesams ir kiekybiškai įvertinti fiskalinės politikos priemonių poveikį makroekonominiams rodikliams. Šiame darbe buvo tirti svarbiausių fiskalinės politikos priemonių – pagrindinių mokesčių, valdžios sektoriaus investicijų ir visų išlaidų poveikis BVP, užimtiesiems, investicijoms ir palūkanų normoms.
Pasitelkus vieną populiariausių fiskalinės politikos efektams tirti taikomų metodų – struktūrinius vektorinius autoregresinius modelius (SVAR) – buvo prieita prie tokių išvadų: skirtingų mokesčių šokai nevienodai veikia Baltijos šalių makroekonominius rodiklius. Darbo mokesčių didinimas neigiamai veikia BVP ir užimtumą visose ekonomikose; bet netiesioginių mokesčių didinimas teigiamai veikia BVP Latvijoje ir Estijoje, ir tik Lietuvoje poveikis yra neigiamas. Tik Lietuvoje buvo gauti stabilūs rezultatai apie neigiamą pelno mokesčių poveikį ekonomikai. Latvijoje ir Estijoje poveikio efektai varijuoja priklausomai nuo SVAR modelio kintamųjų sudėties. Rezultatai rodo, kad valdžios sektoriaus išlaidų didinimas lemia BVP, užimtumo ir tiesioginių investicijų mažėjimą Lietuvoje ir Estijoje. Latvijoje neigiama poveikio įtaka yra mažiau reikšminga. Kita vertus, valdžios sektoriaus investicijos turi teigiamą poveikį ekonomikos procesams visose trijose ekonomikose. Palūkanų normos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The object of this dissertation is the evaluation of the effectiveness of fiscal policy as stabilizing tools in the Baltic countries. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effects of tax and fiscal policies on such Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian macroeconomic variables as gross domestic product, employment, foreign direct investment and interest rates. Structural Vector Auto Regressive model (SVAR) has been employed for the analysis. Results of the research suggest that tax shocks may have different effects in different countries: labour tax increases adversely affect output and employment in all economies. It is only Lithuania where indirect tax increases negatively affect output while in Latvia and Estonia indirect tax shocks effects are positive. Persistent results of the negative corporate income tax effects on macroeconomic variables were obtained only in Lithuania as well, results in Latvia and Estonia vary depending on the SVAR variable composition. The results show that the increase in government spending leads to GDP, employment and foreign direct investment decline in Estonia and Lithuania, while in Latvia the negative impact is less significant. On the other hand, government investment has a positive impact on macroeconomic variables in all three economies. Interest rates are relatively insensitive to fiscal shocks in all Baltic countries, and this may be explained by the high degree of economic openness and dependence on global market fluctuations.
37
Mangwanya, Maonei Gladys. "An assessment of the budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health to ensure effective and efficient health care service delivery". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2061.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The National Department of Health is the executive department of the South African government which is assigned to the national health issues of the country. This research was however aimed specifically on the budgeting process within the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health. This was provisioned by assessing the significance of the budgeting system and its correlation to efficient and effective healthcare service delivery. The aim of the research was to highlight on how policies have an effect on the budgeting system at the provincial level, considering the provincial health department is responsible for the provision of publicly funded health services. This research assessed the budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health in an attempt to propagate effective and efficient health service delivery for the general citizenry. This was a qualitative study design which harnessed the merits of secondary data as the main code of the research design which enabled the comprehension of the budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health. Data was analysed using thematic analysis to examine the distinctive themes and sub-themes identified from within the reviewed literature. The Eastern Cape Province is succumbing to insufficient funding at provincial level and this has a clear-cut reflection on the administration of services within respective departments, particularly the Health Department. This is despite the fact that the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 promotes the objectives of good financial management aimed at maximizing service delivery through the effective use of the limited resources. Resultantly it was fundamental to comprehend on the issues underpinning the scope of budget reporting as well as budget accountability and the effect it has on service delivery in the Eastern Cape Department of Health. Recommendations were thus given based on the discussed and derived themes to ensure that there is an appropriate budgeting system to ensure efficient and effective provision of health care services in the Eastern Cape Department of Health.
38
Křeček, Štěpán. "Komparace vývoje veřejných rozpočtů v jednotlivých politických cyklech od vzniku České republiky do roku 2015". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206634.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper provides a comprehensive overview of public budgets in the Czech Republic, focusing on government budgets. The thesis compares the development of fiscal policies in distinct political cycles in the modern era of the Czech Republic. This allows for the analysis of the influence of the fiscal policies on the development of distinct macroeconomic indicators which then makes possible the evaluation of the success of different approaches to budget making. The preparation of public budgets is a periodical activity which happens at all levels of public governance. Therefore, the paper thoroughly analyzes preceding budgets and attempts to reveal the errors make by our governments. A deductive method is used with these analyses and their comparisons to make the foundation for general principles which can be used for the improvement of the budget planning in the Czech Republic.
39
Sawadogo, Pegdéwendé Nestor. "Fiscal policy and financing for development in developing countries". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse se pose la question de savoir comment la politique budgétaire pourrait être utilisée à des fins de financement du développement. Elle identifie et explore les canaux par lesquels les pays en développement peuvent efficacement mobiliser les ressources (internes et externes) pour le financement du développement. Pour cela, nous conduisons des recherches axées sur les politiques économiques (en utilisant des outils statistiques et économétriques appropriés) et nous formulons des recommandations de politiques économiques aux pays en développement. La première partie de cette thèse s’intéresse à la question de la mobilisation des ressources externes dans les pays en développement (Chapitre 1 et Chapitre 2). Dans le Chapitre 1, nous analysons les effets des dépenses publiques sur les spreads de taux dans les pays émergents. Nous montrons que les pays en développement pourraient avoir un meilleur accès aux marchés financiers internationaux en augmentant leurs investissements publics et en réduisant leurs dépenses courantes. Plus précisément, les dépenses en capital humain (éducation et santé) et autres infrastructures publiques réduisent considérablement les spreads de taux. Ils devraient également améliorer la qualité de la gouvernance puisque les marchés financiers récompensent les pays bien gouvernés à travers de meilleures conditions d'emprunt. Nous examinons, dans le Chapitre 2, la force des règles de politiques budgétaires en termes d’amélioration de l’accès des marchés financiers internationaux par les pays en développement. Nous trouvons que l’adoption de règles budgétaires réduit les taux d’intérêts sur la détention des obligations d’Etat souverains et par conséquent améliore l’accès aux marchés financiers. Nous expliquons ce résultat par le canal de la crédibilité de la politique budgétaire : les gouvernements crédibles sont récompensés sur les marchés financiers internationaux par de faibles taux d’intérêt et des notations élevées des dettes souveraines. Nos résultats prouvent que l’adoption et la bonne mise en œuvre des règles de politiques budgétaires constitue un moyen substantiel pour les décideurs publics d’améliorer l’accès des pays en développement aux marchés financiers internationaux. La deuxième partie de cette thèse se focalise sur ce que les pays en développement pourraient faire pour améliorer la mobilisation des ressources internes (Chapitre 3 et Chapitre 4). En effet, nous explorons la relation entre l’adoption des règles budgétaires et la réduction des inégalités de revenus (Chapitre 3) et nous trouvons que l’adoption des règles budgétaires réduit les inégalités de revenus. Ces pays pourront financer leur développement de façon soutenable (à travers la réduction des inégalités) en adoptant des règles budgétaires. En outre, nous évaluons les effets de la lutte contre les flux financiers illicites sur la mobilisation de recettes fiscales (Chapitre 4). Nous révélons que les pays qui respectent les Recommandations du Groupe d’Action Financière (GAFI) en matière de lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent et le financement du terrorisme (pays coopératifs) enregistrent des montants de recettes fiscales plus élevés comparativement aux pays qui ne respectent pas ces Recommandations (pays non coopératifs). Par conséquent, les pays en développement pourront mobiliser plus de recettes fiscales en mettant en œuvre des politiques visant à empêcher les flux financiers illicites. Par ailleurs, ils doivent mettre en place de bonnes institutionsThe central question of this thesis is how fiscal policy could be used for development finance purposes. Indeed, we identify and investigate pathways through which developing states can mobilize resources to improve sustainable development. For this purpose, we conduct policy-oriented researches (using suitable statistical and econometrical tools) and provide advices for developing countries. The first part of the dissertation addresses the issue of external resources mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 1 and Chapter 2). In Chapter 1, we investigate the effects of public expenditures on sovereign bond spreads in emerging market countries. We show that developing countries could have a better access to international financial market by supporting public investment and reducing current spending. Specifically, spending on human capital (education and health) and other public infrastructures significantly reduce bond spreads. They should also improve the quality of governance since financial markets award well-governed countries with better borrowing conditions. We examine, in Chapter 2, the strength of fiscal rules in terms of improving financial markets access for developing countries. We find that the adoption of fiscal rules reduces sovereign bond spreads and consequently improve financial market access. Indeed, this result is explained by the credibility of fiscal policy channel: more credible governments are rewarded in the international financial markets with low sovereign bond spreads and high sovereign debt ratings. Our findings confirm that the adoption and sound implementation of fiscal rules is an instrument for policy makers to improve developing countries’ financial market access. The second part of the dissertation focuses on what developing countries could do to improve internal resources mobilization (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4). As a matter of fact, we explore the relationship between fiscal rules and inequality (Chapter 3) and find that fiscal rules adoption contributes to reduce inequality in developing countries. The policy implication is that developing countries could finance their development in a sustainable way (via the reduction of inequalities) by adopting fiscal rules. Moreover, we assess the effects of combating illicit financial flows on domestic tax revenue mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 4). We highlight that countries which cooperate with international standards for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) are more able to mobilize tax revenue than countries which do not cooperate. Consequently, developing countries could mobilize more domestic tax revenue by implementing policies to curtail illicit financial flows. They should establish sound institutions
40
Winning, Renata da Silva. "Psicanálise e uso de drogas: articulações com a Redução de Danos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21240.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The relation of the human being with drugs has not always been protected by the State. Since the nineteenth century, paradigmatic changes have occurred in relation to drugs that culminated in the creation of specific policies to problems related to its consumption. The theoretical study developed here brought articulations between the psychoanalytic clinic and the harm reduction strategy by analysing its implantation in the Unified Health System (SUS). From that point, it was made a dialogue between the psychoanalytic propositions concerning the drug compulsive use phenomenon and its treatment as well as possible approximations with the harm reduction logic. We have debated, throughout this study, in which ways the discursive turns formalized by Jacques Lacan accompanied the historical, political and economic changes involving the use of drugs; we analysed the proposal of harm reduction; developed questions that guide psychoanalytic clinic; illustrated the divergences between the treatment direction within the institutional context concerning the harm reduction and abstinence simultaneously to the pre-condition and treatment aim. By presenting a logic that considers the autonomy, the bond and the general life context as the motto of its actions, disregarding the idea that drugs is the main problem to be treated and making abstinence more flexible as an ideal of cure. The strategies of harm reduction favor articulations with the psychoanalytic work, that, in turn, contributes to the particularity of the listening clinic and intervention from the subject of the unconscious
A relação do ser humano com as drogas nem sempre foi atividade tutelada pelo Estado. A partir do século XIX ocorreram mudanças paradigmáticas em relação às drogas que culminaram na criação de políticas específicas para problemas relacionados ao seu consumo. O estudo teórico aqui desenvolvido trouxe articulações entre a clínica psicanalítica e a estratégia de redução de danos por meio da análise de sua implantação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A partir daí foi traçado um diálogo entre as proposições psicanalíticas acerca do fenômeno do uso compulsivo de drogas e de seu tratamento bem como suas possíveis aproximações com a lógica de redução de danos. Discutimos, ao longo deste estudo, de que maneira os giros discursivos formalizados por Jacques Lacan acompanham as mudanças históricas, políticas e econômicas envolvendo o uso de drogas; analisamos a proposta de redução de danos; desenvolvemos questões que norteiam a clínica psicanalítica; ilustramos as divergências entre a direção do tratamento em contexto institucional no que se refere à redução de danos em simultaneidade às propostas de abstinência como precondição e meta do tratamento. Ao apresentar uma lógica que considera a autonomia, o vínculo e o contexto geral de vida como mote de suas ações – descaracterizando-se da ideia de que a droga é o principal problema a ser tratado e flexibilizando, portanto, a exigência da abstinência enquanto ideal de cura –; as estratégias de redução de danos ora perscrutadas permitem articulações com o trabalho psicanalítico que, por sua vez, tem a contribuir com a particularidade de sua clínica de escuta e de intervenção a partir do sujeito do inconsciente
41
Borsi, Mihály Tamás. "Essays on Empirical Macroeconomics". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/51005.
Testo completo
42
Grüniger, German. "Nachfragemacht des Staats im Kartellrecht /". Basel [u.a.] : Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/374663009.pdf.
Testo completo
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Traore, Mohamed. "Fiscal policy, income inequality and inclusive growth in developing countries". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD001/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La question du développement inclusif dans les pays en développement est au cœur de cette thèse. Cette dernière s'articule autour de quatre chapitres sur les questions de politique fiscale et les questions liées à la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 1 explore comment la politique fiscale de l’Etat affecte l'inclusivité de la croissance dans les pays en développement. Nous observons que la politique fiscale affecte la croissance inclusive de manière significative si et seulement si les pays ont de fortes qualités institutionnelles. En outre, notre résultat montre qu'il existe un seuil optimal au-delà duquel toute augmentation du taux d'imposition négativement la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 2 examine les effets des composantes des dépenses publiques sur l'équité et la croissance dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, notamment s'il est possible de concevoir des dépenses publiques en vue de promouvoir une société plus équitable sans sacrifier la croissance économique. Notre étude a permis de montrer que l’investissement en infrastructure a contribué à une croissance plus inclusive en Afrique subsaharienne que d'autres dépenses publiques. Ces résultats suggèrent que des programmes temporaires et bien ciblés devraient être mis en place pour aider ceux qui sont laissés pour compte par le processus de croissance. Le chapitre 3 cherche à savoir si les problèmes d’inégalités de revenus se sont posés ou non dans les périodes d'ajustement budgétaire en Côte d'Ivoire au cours de la période 1980-2014. Nos résultats montrent une amélioration de la performance de croissance après les épisodes de consolidation budgétaire, mais aussi des diminutions de l'écart de revenu dans les périodes suivantes les années d’ajustements budgétaires. Enfin, le chapitre 4 évalue la crédibilité des prévisions budgétaires et leurs effets sur le bien-être social dans les pays de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA. Nous sommes aboutis aux résultats que l'inefficacité des prévisions budgétaires se produit dans la plupart des cas parce que les erreurs de prévisions sont proportionnelles à la prévision elle-même, mais aussi parce que les erreurs passées sont répétées dans le temps. En outre, une partie des erreurs de prévision des recettes peut s'expliquer par des chocs aléatoires survenus dans l'économie. Par conséquent, ces erreurs dans les prévisions de revenus considérées comme des chocs de politique budgétaire ont un effet négatif sur la croissance inclusiveThe issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub-sub Saharan African economies than others government spending. These results suggest that temporary and well-targeted programs should be implemented to help those being left out by the growth process. The Chapter 3 investigates whether income inequality matters in the periods of fiscal adjustments in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1980-2014. The results show an improvement in growth performance after fiscal consolidations episodes, but also income gap decreases in the periods ahead fiscal adjustments. Lastly, Chapter 4 assesses the credibility of fiscal forecasts and their social effects in CEMAC and WAEMU countries. We obtain evidence that the inefficiency of fiscal forecast occurs in most time because the forecast deviation is proportional to the forecast itself, but also because the past errors are repeated in the present. Furthermore, a part of revenue forecast errors can be explained by random shocks to the economy. Therefore, these errors in revenue forecast considered as fiscal policy shocks has a detrimental effect on inclusive growth
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Espuelas, Barroso Sergio. "Desigualdad, democracia y estado del bienestar: un análisis comparativo de los determinantes del gasto social en España (1850-2005)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En este trabajo se construido una serie de gasto social en España, entre 1850 y 2005, que ha permitido obtener una visión de largo plazo sobre la evolución de la política social y situar la experiencia española en el contexto internacional. A partir de esta nueva serie y de la información disponible internacionalmente sobre otros países, se ha analizado econométricamente el impacto de la desigualdad sobre la política social en sus etapas iniciales, esto es en el periodo comprendido entre 1880 y 1933. A continuación se ha analizado el impacto de las dictaduras sobre la política social en los países de la Europa occidental en el periodo comprendido entre 1950 y 1980. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, al contrario de lo que se podría pensar inicialmente, la desigualdad tuvo un impacto negativo sobre las etapas iniciales del desarrollo de la política social. Ello sugiere que los países con más desigualdad se encontraban en una especie de trampa de la desigualdad, en el sentido de que elevados niveles de desigualdad inicial se vieron reforzados por políticas menos redistributivas. En lo que se refiere al impacto de las dictaduras, los resultados indican que, al contrario de lo que se desprende de algunos trabajos recientes, los gobiernos no democráticos tuvieron un impacto negativo sobre los niveles de gasto social y además financiaron la política social de forma menos redistributiva, fundamentalmente vía contribuciones sociales que no implicaban redistribución vía impuestos.
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Moratta, Nelson Granados. "A participação das transferências intergovernamentais no crescimento econômico dos municípios: um estudo no estado de Santa Catarina". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1156.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este estudo tem por objetivo principal identificar a (in) dependência orçamentária em relação às transferências intergovernamentais dos Municípios com até 10.000 habitantes no Estado de Santa Catarina e seu reflexo para o crescimento econômico. Como objetivos secundários este trabalho tem a finalidade de estudar o funcionamento do Estado Brasileiro a partir do seu federalismo fiscal, mensurar a relação entre as transferências intergovernamentais e a arrecadação total e própria dos Municípios, analisar a evolução da participação das transferências intergovernamentais na arrecadação municipal com a variação dos respectivos Produtos Internos Brutos (PIBs). Com o intuito de subsidiar a compreensão do tema é realizada uma explicação sobre o Estado e Administração Pública. Em seguida é analisada a Política Pública como instrumento para a materialização do Estado, sendo também elaborada uma explanação sobre tópicos de Finanças Públicas, incluindo o Orçamento Público e, por fim, o crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico. A relevância do estudo reside no fato de que pequenos Municípios têm problemas na arrecadação própria e tendo como imprescindíveis à sua “sobrevivência” as transferências intergovernamentais. A razão entre esses dois tipos de recursos influi no crescimento econômico. Dessa forma, deseja-se demonstrar a essencialidade das transferências intergovernamentais para os pequenos Municípios. Como método de pesquisa tem-se a descritiva, com o uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para subsidiar o marco referencial teórico. Como resultado ficou demonstrada a dependência com as transferências e que, na média da amostra, no período de 2008 a 2012, teve representatividade acima de 89%, exceto para o ano de 2010 quando esse valor corresponde a 76,38%, sendo a União a principal origem dessas transferências. Em relação à evolução do PIB, no período da pesquisa, foi de -11%. O resultado final é que a dependência dos Municípios em relação às transferências intergovernamentais não influencia o crescimento econômico.The present study primarily aims at identifying budget (in) dependence concerning inter- governmental transfers and their effect on the economic growth of municipalities having up to 10,000 inhabitants in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. As secondary objectives, it aims at: studying the Brazilian State operational method from its fiscal federalism point of view through measuring the relationship between inter-governmental transfers and municipality total tax collection: and, analyzing inter-governmental transfer participations in the municipality tax collection, also considering their respective Gross Domestic Product (GDP) variations. To help understanding the subject at issue, we provide explanations of the State and Public Administration performances, Public Finances, Public Budget, economic growth and development. The study relevance lies in the fact that small municipalities have tax collection problems and inter-governmental transfers are vital for their survival. The total amount deriving from both resources greatly affects economic growth, thus we intend to show that inter-governmental transfers are essential to small municipalities. The research methodology is descriptive, bibliographic and documental focusing on the theoretical referential landmark. According to the research sample average, results show that municipalities depend on transfers, mainly from the Federal Government, that represented over 89% between 2008 and 2012, except for 2010 when they were equivalent to 76.38%. GDP during our research period was -11% showing that dependence on inter-governmental transfers does not affect the municipality economic growth.
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Lucas, D. Pulane. "Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs.
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"Composition of government spending, capital accumulation, and welfare". 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890821.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ho Wai-yee.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-53).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract (English) --- p.i
Abstract (Chinese) --- p.ii
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
Table of contents --- p.iv
Chapter Chapter1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.8
Chapter Chapter2
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9
Chapter 2.2 --- The Model --- p.9
Chapter 2.3 --- Effects of government expenditure --- p.11
Chapter 2.4 --- Summary
Chapter Chapter3
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- The Model --- p.16
Chapter 3.3 --- The capital mobile case --- p.21
Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.25
Chapter Chapter4
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.27
Chapter 4.2 --- The Model --- p.27
Chapter 4.3 --- Dynamics --- p.33
Chapter 4.4 --- Current Account Balance --- p.35
Chapter 4.5 --- Comparative Statics --- p.36
Chapter 4.6 --- Welfare --- p.38
Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.41
Chapter Chapter5
Conclusion --- p.43
Appendix --- p.46
Reference --- p.52
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Mlilo, Mthokozisi. "The economics of government spending: an institutional approach". Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29827.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
in the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences. 27 March 2019This thesis investigates the role of institutional quality on the impact of government expenditure on economic performance. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction of the thesis. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are empirical chapters examining the role of institutions on the relationship between government expenditure and various indicators of economic performance. Chapter 5 concludes by giving policy recommendations. In chapter 1 we provide a background, motivation, objectives, hypothesis to be tested, gaps in the literature, contributions of the study and the main findings. In chapter 2 we explore how institutional quality affects the government spending-output growth nexus. We estimate a modified growth accounting model found in Hansson and Henrekson (1994) and control for institutional quality by employing panel regression techniques on a panel of 71 countries over a period 1970-2015. Our main estimation technique, 3SLS with seemingly unrelated errors, is able to control for endogeneity and cross equation correlation. We find that the institutional quality variable has a mitigating effect on the relationship between government expenditure and output growth however, government expenditure generally has a negative and detrimental effect on output growth. This suggests that better institutional quality offsets the adverse effects of government expenditure. As such, there is a need to come up with policies that strengthen institutional quality and enhance the effectiveness of government expenditure programs. Chapter 3 we examine the role of institutions on the optimal size of the government. The quadratic method of Armey (1995) and Scully (1994) method are employed on the country (time series regression) and group (panel data regression) estimations. Furthermore, we use the Hansen (1999) panel threshold regression technique to determine the presence of an optimal size and the values thereof. We ascertain that the majority of countries do have a significant optimal size of government. However, we note that the optimal size of government varies across countries and regions. Despite the presence of a non-linear relationship between government expenditure and output growth, there seems to be a marked difference between the size of government across levels of development and institutional arrangements. Countries with better institutions and higher levels of development seem to have a lower optimal level of government size. Perhaps, better institutions and higher levels of development help mitigate the adverse effects of government expenditure on output growth through the minimisation of the scope and scale of government activities, i.e., government size. Chapter 4 investigates the Twin Deficits Hypothesis (TWDH) and the role of institutional quality on a sample of 48 countries for the period 1995-2013. Using the national income accounting decomposition and the approaches in Feldstein and Horioka (1980) and Fidrmuc (2003) we investigate the role of institutional quality and capital mobility on the current account deficits and the government budget deficits (i.e., TWDH) nexus. We apply OLS, fixed effects, random effects regressions and panel cointegration techniques in our analysis. The results from the panel cointegration tests show that a long run relationship exists between the current account balance, investment and the government budget balance. The results reveal that current account deficits are mainly driven by private investment flows. However, we only find support for the Twin Deficits Hypothesis in a sample of developed countries and higher institutional quality countries. The results imply that governments of these countries enjoy financing from international sources and can easily finance their budget deficits without siphoning domestic savings away from investment. This result is unsurprising considering that capital seems to flow towards areas with perceived less risk. This suggests that current account deficits in developing countries are as a result of private agents’ decisions and not driven by government budget deficits.
PH2020
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"The growth of public sector in Hong Kong". Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886170.
Testo completo
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MÜLLER, Gernot J. "Policy transmission in DSGE and VAR models". Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Defence date: 28 October 2005Examining board: Prof. Lawrence Christiano, Northwesten University ; Prof. Giancarlo Corsetti, Co-Supervisor, EUI ; Prof. Rafael Doménech, Universitat de València ; Prof. Roberto Perotti, Supervisor, Università Bocconi
First made available online 7 September 2016