Bibliografie tematiche / Government spending policy

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Government spending policy"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Government spending policy"

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Surya, Tata, Fery Andrianus e Neng Kamarni. "Pengeluaran Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Riau: Pendekatan Spasial". Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23, n. 3 (30 ottobre 2023): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i3.4368.

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Traditional determinants of government spending include income, grants, demographic and political factors. But a government's spending policy can also be influenced by its neighboring governments' spending policies. This study uses Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) spatial econometrics to observe the existence of strategic interactions in District/City Government spending in the Riau Province for the 2011-2019 period. The research results show that there is a strategic interaction in government spending.
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Barrell, Ray, e Simon Kirby. "Fiscal Policy and Government Spending". National Institute Economic Review 214 (ottobre 2010): F61—F66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950110389772.

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In June the Coalition Government produced a budget that aimed to reduce the government deficit quickly. The plan was based mainly on cuts in current expenditure and reductions in transfers to individuals. There are four possible reasons for reducing the deficit, and all have been used to justify the policy. The first reason might be that the cost of borrowing is currently too high, and the second could be that if deficits persist the markets could lose confidence and the cost of borrowing would rise. The third reason might be that we have to reduce the debt stock in order that we prepare for the next crisis, whilst the fourth, and perhaps most persuasive in the long run, is that it is unfair to borrow so much and therefore reduce the consumption of future generations. If either of the first two had merit there would be a case for swift consolidation, whilst if the third or fourth predominate, we should not be in any rush to act until output is nearer full capacity.
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Riak PhD, Gabriel Alier, e Dut Bol Ayuel Bill. "THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INITIATIVE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE". IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 8, n. 11 (5 novembre 2022): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/sshr.v8i11.5375.

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Financial initiative, government policy related to taxation and public spending. Fiscal policy and monetary policy, which is concerned with money supply, are the two most important components of a government's overall economic policy, and governments use them in an attempt to maintain economic growth, high employment, and low inflation.J. Nogueira Martins (2009) Financial policy can be either expansionary or contractionary. It is expansionary or loose when taxation is reduced or public spending is increased with the aim of stimulating total spending in the economy, known as aggregate demand. Expansionary policy might occur when a government feels its economy is not growing fast enough or unemployment is too high. By increasing spending or cutting taxes, the government leaves individuals and businesses with more money to purchase goods or invest in new equipment. When individuals or firms increase their purchases, they raise demand, which requires additional production, creating jobs and generating more spending. The result is higher employment and a growing economy.
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Troug, Haytem. "Monetary policy with non-separable government spending". Journal of Applied Economics 23, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2020): 426–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2020.1793281.

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Clemens, Jeffrey, e Stephen Miran. "Fiscal Policy Multipliers on Subnational Government Spending". American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, n. 2 (1 maggio 2012): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.2.46.

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Balanced budget requirements lead to substantial pro-cyclicality in state government spending, with the stringency of a state's rules driving the pace at which it must adjust to shocks. We show that fiscal institutions can generate natural experiments in deficit-financed spending that are informative regarding fiscal stabilization policy. Alternative sources of variation in subnational fiscal policy often implicitly involve “windfall” financing, which precludes any effect of future debt or taxation on current consumption and investment. Consistent with a role for these “Ricardian” effects, our estimates are smaller than those in related studies, implying an on-impact multiplier below 1. (JEL C51, E32, E62, H72)
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Anshasy, Amany A. El. "Oil Revenues, Government Spending Policy, and Growth". Public Finance and Management 12, n. 2 (giugno 2012): 120–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397211201200202.

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This study argues that government spending composition determines how oil abundance ultimately impacts growth. Using dynamic panel-data GMM and PMG techniques on a panel of oil exporters, we find that the negative growth effect of oil price volatility is channeled through fiscal policy. In particular, revenue windfalls may impede growth through at least three channels: (i) weakening the domestic tax base, (ii) lowering the social return on new public capital, and (iii) intensifying political spending pressures resulting from the accumulation of surpluses. The main policy implication for oil-exporting countries is that it is imperative to use strict fiscal rules, backed by the appropriate political incentives, to insulate public spending from oil cycles. Investing the surplus (in sovereign wealth funds) or retiring public debt amid oil windfalls would alleviate competitive rent-seeking pressures and enhance the social gains from revenue booms.
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Kopańska, Agnieszka. "Partial Fiscal Decentralization and Local Government Spending Policy". e-Finanse 14, n. 3 (1 settembre 2018): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2018-0017.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze how limits in revenue and spending autonomy of sub-sovereign governments influence their decisions. Revenue and spending autonomy indicators for Polish towns were established and used in analysis on school education expenditures during 2003–2016. The influence of limits on revenue autonomy on municipal spending has been extensively addressed in both theoretical and empirical literature. However, studies related to spending autonomy are rare. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that when limits exist in spending autonomy, more decentralized tasks are crowded out by regulated obligations. That is why the spending autonomy analysis is important to evaluate the equity between local units and the adequacy of local revenues to decentralized expenditures.The basic principle of local finance is that there should be an adequate relationship between the financial resources available to a local authority and the tasks it performs. However, in practice, the assessment of whether this has been achieved is very difficult. Often, only problems with the solvency of local governments indicate that we are dealing with a poorly constructed system of local finances. The expenditure autonomy indicator proposed in this article is a tool that provides a way to indicate problems with the adequacy of revenues before such anextreme situation occurs.
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Afrizal, Raden Muhammad, e Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik. "Examining Flypaper Effect in Indonesia: Evidence After Transferring Urban-Rural Land and Building Tax to Locals Government". Jurnal Bina Praja 14, n. 3 (dicembre 2022): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.465-478.

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In order to increase the tax power of local governments, the central government implemented a major reform in 2010 by transferring the Urban-Country Land and Buildings Tax (PBB-P2) to local governments. Although the tax contributes a significant portion of local government revenues, the spending behavior of local governments is questionable, and it is unclear whether public spending has been increased. This study examines the effect of strengthening PBB-P2 policy on increasing local revenue (PAD) and its impact on regional spending patterns, specifically whether there are still flypapers after policy reform. Applying a fixed-effects panel data method to Indonesian local governments from 2005 to 2020, we found that strengthening PBB-P2 policy had a significant positive impact on PAD. The positive effect was found to be significant one year (year +1) after policy implementation in each region, including for the province, district, and city, with the issuance of regional ordinances related to PBB-P2. Interestingly, the significant increase in PAD impacted regional spending patterns. Thus, the flypaper effect phenomenon did not exist from 2005 to 2020. This implies that the central government can selectively empower local governments to levy appropriate local taxes and user fees. This can be done by providing new local tax sources, restructuring tax types, simplifying usage fee types, and harmonizing regional government regulations with the central government.
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Attia Mohamed Omran, Emad, e Yuriy Bilan. "The impact of fiscal policy on female labor force participation in Egypt". Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, n. 4 (14 novembre 2023): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.28.

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There is no doubt that women play a vital role in all aspects of economic activities around the globe. However, despite the great efforts that governments have made over the past three decades to increase women’s integration into the labor market, their participation is still relatively low compared to men. On the other hand, economic literature argues that the government can use fiscal policy tools such as tax revenue and spending to decrease gender inequality in the labor market. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of government spending and tax revenue shocks on the female labor force participation rate (the share of women in the total labor force) in Egypt. Annual time-series data were collected from the Central Bank of Egypt and the World Bank from 1990 to 2021, where the vector autoregressive (VAR) model and impulse response functions have been used. The results suggest that government spending and tax revenue shocks increase gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, female labor force participation, and inflation. Results validated the research hypotheses and showed that a one standard deviation shock to either government spending or tax revenue has a positive impact on female labor force participation. Therefore, the study recommends that using an expansionary fiscal policy may increase the accessibility of Egyptian women to the labor market.
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Habib Ahmed, Habib Ahmed. "Fiscal Policy and Deficit Financing: Islamic Perspectives". journal of king Abdulaziz University Islamic Economics 32, n. 1 (6 gennaio 2019): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/islec.32-1.5.

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Using deficit financing by increasing borrowing at lower interest rates has the potential to increase debt to levels that are not sustainable and can create further economic problems in the longer term. To understand the Islamic perspective on deficit financing, two features of government spending need to be recognized. First, government spending can be distinguished as current and capital expenditures. Second, the objectives of fiscal policy and government spending can be viewed as redistribution of income, expenditures to provide government services, provision of public goods that markets fail to provide, and providing infrastructure that enhance the productive capacities in the economies. While current spending should be covered by zakāh (distributive role) and taxes (providing government services and public goods), capital expenditures on infrastructure can be funded by issuing ṣukūk. During recessions, the government can use counter-cyclical spending of zakāh and tax revenues to increase current spending and issue ṣukūk to raise funds for investments to enlarge capital expenditures in infrastructure projects. This approach of moving the economy out of recession puts a limit on excessive debt by linking the funds raised with the real economy and helps increase the productive capacity in the longer term by filling the infrastructure gaps.
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Tesi sul tema "Government spending policy"

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Yilmaz, Sakir Devrim. "Productive government spending fiscal policy and growth". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499867.

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Van, der Hilst Alan. "The institutional and political determinants of supplemental spending legislation /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7451.

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Trani, Brett. "Crises, consensus, and conviction : the core executive and the institutionalisation of British efficiency reforms". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225335.

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In the aftermath of the 2008 economic recession, governments across the globe were forced to confront a difficult reality: growth and spending would need to be revised dramatically downward while central government systems would have to be made more efficient. In the United Kingdom specifically, the 2010 general election became a referendum on how quickly and severely to implement austerity policies the likes of which had not been seen for generations. Why did the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition choose austerity when other alternatives, such as a public sector stimulus package, were also available? To answer this question this research seeks to understand how and why political actors in the United Kingdom respond to economic and political crises through the implementation of specific efficiency reforms. This is accomplished through two specific steps: the establishment of an analytical framework to better understand the dynamics of efficiency reforms and an in-depth study of the historical development of efficiency reforms from the early twentieth century through the present. A historical institutionalist theoretical foundation is employed in order to understand the evolution of ideas throughout this time span. A thorough understanding of institutional effects, including aspects of lock-in effects and process tracing, are essential components of understanding why powerful political actors choose certain efficiency reforms over others. Ultimately, this research is meant as a first step towards a greater understanding of efficiency in government. Previous research has examined specific reforms in relative isolation without the benefit of historical context. By systematically tracing the evolution of efficiency reforms across different eras a more complete understanding of policies and political actors is established. Further research, including comparative studies across political systems and the incorporation of quantitative date, is discussed in the conclusion.
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McGovern, Robert F. "Federal Deficit Spending and Partisanship: An Economic Analysis". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1197410777.

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Haug, Alfred A. ""Ricardian equivalence or debt illusion : empirical studies"". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267621324.

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Pitt, Brian A. "Social welfare and the public opinion of government spending moving beyond the self-interest - symbolic politics dichotomy /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 79 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597633361&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Olds, Eric H. "Net State and Local Government Expenditure: A Better Link between Expenditure and the Tax Burden?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OldsEH2007.pdf.

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Lee, Tung-hao. "Optimal public debt policy under uncertainty : a new classical approach /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726702499746.

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Li, Yuen-yee Angel. "Trading funds : an analysis of developments and results /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508344.

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Kim, Jae-Hoon. "An empirical analysis on the relationship between public capital and aggregate output : case of Korea 1970-2001 /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418039.

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Libri sul tema "Government spending policy"

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Mitchell, Young, a cura di. Government spending. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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Horry, Isabella. Government spending facts. Vancouver, Canada: Fraser Institute, 1991.

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Merino, Noël. Government spending. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012.

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Lubov, Andrea. Taxes and government spending. Minneapolis, Minn: Lerner Publications Co., 1990.

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New York (State). Legislature. Legislative Commission on Public-Private Cooperation, a cura di. Federal spending has been controlled better than state spending. Albany, N.Y: New York State Legislative Commission on Public-Private Cooperation, 1990.

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Ganelli, Giovanni. The international effects of government spending composition. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Dept., 2005.

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Casper, Dale E. Government spending policy: A world view, 1983-1988. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1988.

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Treasury, Great Britain, a cura di. Fiscal policy: Current and capital spending. [London, England]: HM Treasury, 1998.

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Roberton, Williams, e United States. Congressional Budget Office., a cura di. Reducing entitlement spending. Washington, D.C: The Congress of the United States, Congressional Budget Office, 1994.

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Kop, Yaakov. Government social spending in the 1980s. Jerusalem: The Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel, 1988.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Government spending policy"

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Afxentiou, Panos, e Apostolos Serletis. "Convergence in Government Spending". In Macroeconomic Policy in the Canadian Economy, 67–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1017-8_5.

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Tuljapurkar, Shripad, e Clark Burdick. "Population Forecasts, Fiscal Policy, and Risk". In Government Spending on the Elderly, 249–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230591448_10.

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Niemira, Michael P. "Government Spending, Taxation, and Fiscal Policy". In Practical Macroeconomics for Non-Economists, 278–306. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003391050-12.

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Ali, Hamid Eltgani, e Omong Mark Donald. "Government Spending Priorities in Uganda". In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 2956–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2436.

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Ali, Hamid Eltgani, e Omong Mark Donald. "Government Spending Priorities in Uganda". In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2435-1.

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Ali, Hamid Eltgani, e Omong Mark Donald. "Government Spending Priorities in Uganda". In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 6034–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_2435.

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Gumata, Nombulelo, e Eliphas Ndou. "Does Government Spending Transmit Inflation to GDP Growth?" In Labour Market and Fiscal Policy Adjustments to Shocks, 461–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66520-7_32.

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Ng, Yew-Kwang. "Implications for Public Policy". In Happiness—Concept, Measurement and Promotion, 145–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4972-8_14.

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AbstractThe failure of higher private consumption to increase happiness significantly due to environmental disruption, relative competition, adaptation, our materialistic bias, etc. are relevant for public policy, especially in making higher public spending in the right areas like environmental protection, research, poverty elimination, etc. more welfare-improving than a ‘big society, small government’. Some soft paternalistic measures such as nudging people to save adequately for old age may also be needed in the widespread presence of imperfect rationality and foresight.
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Cedro, Marco, Eleonor Kristoffersson, Teresa Pontón Aricha e Lidija Živković. "Gender Equitable Taxation". In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 375–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_11.

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AbstractFrom Adam Smith’s 1776 classic “The Wealth of Nations” until modern times, the principle of fairness has remained one of the crucial principles on which tax systems are to be based. However, even modern tax and budgetary systems are far from being gender equitable. This chapter provides an analysis of the ways in which taxation, as well as the subsequent spending of resources collected therewith, influence gender equality within a household, at the workplace and within the broader economy. This analysis should enable the reader to utilise the gender equality principle as a framework for re-evaluating the applicable national and international sources of tax law, as well as public expenditure management on various levels of the government. This chapter will show why gender equality should become a priority for governments when creating their fiscal policy and executing their budgets.
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DiFilippo, Anthony. "Military Spending and Government High-Technology Policy: A Comparative Analysis of the US, West Germany, Japan and Great Britain". In Towards a Peace Economy in the United States, 3–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12105-2_1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Government spending policy"

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Azhykulova, Asel. "Efficient and Effective Public Spending for Sustainable Economic Growth". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01384.

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Nowadays, governments are more careful with the use of resources and attempt to be efficient and effective to achieve sustainable economic development. This paper contrasts the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending of developed and developing countries in current conditions and their impact on economic growth. The author analyses efficiency and effectiveness measures of public spending applied by prominent cross-country empirical studies. The critical success factors for the effective performance of government through World Bank indicator of government effectiveness highlights the role of effective public budget policy. In addition, the Public Sector Performance Index and Public Sector Efficiency Index introduced by Vito Tanzi and other measures of Livio di Matteo, Konstantinos Angelopoulos are examined. Based on these approaches the author proposes several suggestions for the current condition of public budget policies of Central Asian countries and ways of improving the effectiveness and efficiency levels of their public sector. The author argues that the assumption that developing countries are less efficient than developed countries are based on several efficiency variations: the size of government expenditure, a government budget composition, aid dependency, and weak institutions. What is more, findings suggest that countries with relatively small governments that use resources more efficiently tend to achieve higher levels of economic growth that is not always the case for all developed countries. These findings have important implications for assessing the government performance on economic growth.
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Csápai, Ádám. "Analyzing the Interactions of Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy Using a DSGE Model". In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.63-72.

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The principal aim of this paper is to estimate a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with monetary and fiscal policy and analyze the interaction of these policies in Hungary. In the paper we present the model in a log-linearized form. We combine both calibration and Bayesian estimation to obtain parameter values of the model. We find that the model is suitable for impulse response analysis, so we estimate the impulse response functions of the model. We examine how five endogenous variables – namely output, inflation, the nominal interest rate, government spending and government revenue – react to non-systematic shocks to the nominal interest rate, government spending and government revenue. The plotted impulse response functions allow us to study how monetary and fiscal policy interacts in a small open economy. In some cases we find that restrictive fiscal policy is accompanied by expansive monetary policy, while in other cases the policy responses to shocks are coordinated. We conclude that our results are in accordance with economic theory.
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Çetintaş, Hakan, e Damira Baigonushova. "Testing the Relationship Between Government Spending and Revenue: Case of Kyrgyzstan". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01473.

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Sound fiscal policy is very important to promote price stability and sustainable growth in real economy. Thus, understanding the relationship between government spending and revenue is also essential to evaluate how to address fiscal imbalances. So, the focus of this research is to investigate the relationship between government revenue and spending in Kyrgyzstan. For this purpose, we have used an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), also Variance Decomposition approach and found that these two data are cointegrated. Findings support “the tax- spend hypothesis” for fiscal discipline in Kyrgyzstan over the period of 1995-2014. In other words, according to the results, increase in real government revenue results in even higher public expenditure.
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Ketners, Karlis. "Spending review as essential part of public sector budgeting: Latvian experience". In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.011.

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One of the modern trends in public sector budget governance is evaluation of allocation of the resources, re-allocation of budget resources to achieve political goals and ensure sustainable financing for different public needs. This study is the first analysis of Latvian experience of public spending reviews in 2016 – 2019, characterises present patterns and proposes changes for future spending reviews. In general, the Ministry of Finance is conducting public spending review as quite technocratic exercises – an opportunity to make sure that existing public institutions’ budgets are being spent as efficiently as possible and conduct decision making on the civil service level. However, involvement of political level is a possibility to ensure that public spending objectives are met and the allocation of public resources reflects policy goals. The main task of the paper is to analyse the Latvian experience of regular public spending reviews and generalize recommendations for other countries and future development of the spending reviews. It can be concluded that increasing prioritization of budgetary spending and its relation with economic development can be supported by spending reviews as a mechanism to increase government spending in priority policy areas and to ensure reallocation of resources for underfinanced budget programmes through improvement of the efficiency of expenditures. Recommendations on improvement of the spending review process and possible changes to the budget law legislation are worked out.
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Tören, Evrim, e Mehmet Balcılar. "Fiscal Policy Shocks and the Dynamics of Asset Prices in Turkey". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01285.

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Asset markets and the asset prices affect financial institutions, consumers, producers and policy makers while they are making decisions. There is an important relationship not only between the financial market and banking system but also between the housing market and the credit market. Therefore, the study analyzes the impact of fiscal policy on asset prices by using beyasian vector autoregressive models. The sample data has been gathered from the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The aim is to demonstrate the effects of fiscal policy shocks on stock prices and housing prices. The data covers the period between 1988:Q1 and 2014:Q2. Overall, the results confirm that the spending shocks coming from fiscal policy have a greater influence on the stock prices. In addition, the government revenue shocks are more influential on the house prices compared to the stock prices in Turkey.
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Rashid, Intan Maizura Abd, Wan Ahmad Fauzi Wan Husain, Irza Hanie Abu Samah, Suraiya Ibrahim, Hariri Hamzah e Mohammad Harith Amlus. "The initial fiscal policy response to Covid-19 in Malaysia: The impact of government spending on healthcare sector using dynamic panel data system GMM estimation analysis". In ADVANCES IN FRACTURE AND DAMAGE MECHANICS XX. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127925.

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7

Ariningrum, Hardini, Harmani Harun, Murni Indah Sari e Eka Nur Rahmawati. "INDONESIA IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY AND HEALTH FOR THE COMMUNITY IN THE NEW NORMAL ERA". In International Conference on Public Health and Medical Sciences. Goodwood Conferences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/icophmeds.v1i1.23.

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This study aims to analyze the role of the Indonesian government in handling Covid19 in the health and economy of the Indonesian people under the new normal. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, using research results, references and online news sources that are directly related to this research. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the world, and Indonesia is one of them. Indonesia is fighting Covid-19 by modifying its regional isolation (lockdown) policy into large-scale social restrictions (PSBB), which are applied locally based on the severity of the province, district, or city. In addition, along with the increasing number of cases of the new variant of the COVID-19 virus from July 26 to August 2, 2021, the Indonesian government has begun to continue its policies to eradicate the corona virus and implement restrictions on community activities (PPKM). PPKM is extended for each blood differently. For regions, especially Lampung, it was extended from 10 to 23 August 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic requires the government to formulate extraordinary policies. Addressing health problems, protecting the public through social security and protecting business policies are the top priorities. Budget reallocation, reorientation of activities and adjustment of mandatory spending are the main ways the government provides funds to respond to the needs of COVID-19. On the other hand, pseudo growth also refers to the challenges that the economy may face in the second half of 2021, due to the implementation of emergency PPKM and level 4 caused by the Delta variant.
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8

Egamberdiev, Bekhzod, e Dilshod Zoirov. "Effect of Migration on Household and Left Behind Family Members: Case of Kyrgyzstan". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02202.

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More than billion international and internal migrations around the world as well as the relationship between migrant and its family members have been one of the most discussed policy questions for several years. Main purpose of the paper is to examine the impact of labor migration on household, in order to address arising social problems due to the migration of family member. To find the impact, it was used secondary data named "Life in Kyrgyzstan" which is research based, open access and multi-topic longitudinal survey of households in Kyrgyzstan. It includes more than 3000 households which were recorded from 2010 to 2013. The result of the research is: there is a positive impact of remittances on child education, while negative on nonfood spending. Also housing condition is directly related with migration and significant impact can be seen in terms of facilities and type of household. Based on findings, it was provided some policy recommendations to simplicity of the social and other issues in the household of migrant's. One of the recommendations is: The Government of Kyrgyzstan should pay high attention on keeping citizens inside the country and should consider about shifting its policies which encourage labor migration, instead it should pay more attention on development of small and medium enterprise supporting method, which actually helps to create several number of job positions.
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Geambazu, Serin. ""Yeni Instanbul": the expansion of a global city". In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mwhr1573.

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The spread of neo-liberal political and economic ideology and the proliferation of global capital have created new opportunities and challenges for cities everywhere (Sassen 2012). Within the urban planning discourse, it is generally assumed that globalization leads to the same type of transformations and urban development trends everywhere in the world. However, it cannot create a certain prototype for spatial development or a new spatial order for cities. Rather, it gives a variety of spatial patterns, also called "global urban forms". Recently, these forms have identified themselves spatially within a series of "mega-projects", their intensity being felt in today's global cities, North-American and West-European, but with a domino effect, especially in the cities situated at the periphery of these capitalist economies. Total global megaproject spending is assessed at USD 6-9 trillion annually, or 8 percent of total global GDP, which denotes the biggest investment boom in human history. Never has systematic and valid knowledge about mega projects therefore been more important to inform policy, practice, and public debate in this highly costly area of business and government. It is argued that the conventional way of managing mega projects has reached a "tension point," where tradition is challenged and reform is emerging (Flyvbjerg, 2011). These kind of projects often take place within fragmented and entrepreneurial forms of governance (Harvey 1989; Healey 1997; Gordon 1997a, 1997b; Feldman 1999; Feinstein 2001; Granath 2005; Butler 2007) represented by public-private partnerships, in a societal environment of increased capital mobility and inter-urban competition (Malone 1996). Hence, it is argued, that mega projects have been examples of new governance styles and policy targets, but also object of intensive local planning debates and conflicts based on different actors (authorities, planners, residents, environmental groups, developers, etc.) holding an equal number of views (Hoyle, 2002) which are often difficult to reconcile. Strongly linked to the 2023 Vision of Turkey, the 3rd airport, Istanbul Airport is one of the mega projects that will bring Turkey among top 10 economically powerful countries. Istanbul Airport distinguishes itself from a myriad of other build-operate-transfer projects by its governance dynamics and planning process. The study employs discourse analysis through which extracts lesson from the decision-making process that will inform planners in Istanbul and beyond.
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Pekar, Viktor. "Mining for Signals of Future Consumer Expenditure on Twitter and Google Trends". In CARMA 2018 - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2018.2018.8337.

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Consumer expenditure constitutes the largest component of Gross Domestic Product in developed countries, and forecasts of consumer spending are therefore an important tool that governments and central bank use in their policy-making. In this paper we examine methods to forecast consumer spending from user-generated content, such as search engine queries and social media data, which hold the promise to produce forecasts much more efficiently than traditional surveys. Specifically, the aim of the paper is to study the relative utility of evidence about purchase intentions found in Google Trends versus those found in Twitter posts, for the problem of forecasting consumer expenditure. Our main findings are that, firstly, the Google Trends indicators and indicators extracted from Twitter are both beneficial for the forecasts: adding them as exogenous variables into regression model produces improvements on the pure AR baseline, consistently across all the forecast horizons. Secondly, we find that the Google Trends variables seem to be more useful predictors than the semantic variables extracted from Twitter posts, the differences in performance are significant, but not very large.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Government spending policy"

1

Eslava, Marcela. The Political Economy of Fiscal Policy: Survey. Inter-American Development Bank, ottobre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011281.

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This paper surveys the recent literature on the political economy of fiscal policy, in particular the accumulation of government debt. The authors examine three possible determinants of fiscal balances: opportunistic behavior by policymakers, heterogeneous fiscal preferences of either voters or politicians, and budget institutions. The focus is on the contributions of the last 10 years and emphasize findings related to developing countries. Included is original empirical evidence along with a recent body of literature on the fiscal preferences of voters, which, interestingly, seems to suggest that voters do not favor high-spending governments.
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Durand-Lasserve, Olivier, e Fatih Karanfil. Fiscal Policy in Oil and Gas-Exporting Economies: Good Times, Bad Times and Ugly Times. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, luglio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp11.

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Revenues from oil and gas exports represent an important source of government budgets in some emerging countries. At the same time, these revenues fluctuate considerably due to changing global economic conditions and energy prices. Economic theory prescribes that governments should try to stabilize their economies by saving windfall oil and gas revenues and spending them in periods of price downturns. However, oil- and gas-exporting countries often run procyclical policies, that is, they increase spending during windfall periods and reduce it in the event of a shortfall, which may result in severe recessions. Understanding what drives the response of fiscal policy to oil and gas revenue shocks is important as it helps to explain what makes the economies of commodity exporters more or less vulnerable to commodity price shocks, and how they can adjust to price volatility and to the long-term energy transition.
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Ardanaz, Martín, Evelyne Hübscher, Philip Keefer e Thomas Sattler. Why Do Voters Support Procyclical Fiscal Policies? Experimental Evidence from Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, aprile 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004817.

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Governments often pursue procyclical fiscal policies, even though they reduce voter welfare. Is this because voters actually prefer procyclical policies? The analysis in this paper exploits the first individual-level evidence from an original survey of 12,000 respondents in 8 countries across Latin America. Prior research links support for procyclical policy to imperfect voter information but does not explore voter knowledge of the composition of public spending increases and cuts in response to positive and negative shocks. We present experimental evidence that less informed individuals are more supportive of procyclical policy. Previous work also explores how trust in politicians influences fiscal policy preferences. We find that those who distrust politicians support acyclical fiscal policies: they are skeptical that they will benefit from higher government spending after positive shocks and be spared the costs of spending cuts after negative shocks. Finally, the evidence supports untested assumptions about voter patience and risk aversion. Patient respondents care more about the future costs of procyclical policy and risk-averse respondents about its higher volatility; support for acyclical policy is correspondingly higher among both groups.
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4

Cooper, Julian. Russia's Military Expenditure During Its War Against Ukraine. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, giugno 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/uvux1392.

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Russia’s total military expenditure has increased since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, but not dramatically. Despite difficulty in accessing information on budget spending, total budgeted military spending in 2023 can be estimated at 6648 billion roubles. This represents 4.4 per cent of forecast Russian gross domestic product. While military spending in early 2023 seemed to accelerate beyond the budgeted amount, the rate of spending can be shown to be similar to that in early 2022 and does not suggest any unusual surge. The Russian government is attempting to restrain spending on the war to minimize the domestic impact and enable the pursuit of policy goals set before the invasion. The Russian economy can afford this level of spending notwithstanding severe sanctions, while leaving open the possibility of increased war-related funding if the government considers it necessary in the future.
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Laarman, Jan G. Government Policies Affecting Forests in Latin America: An Agenda for Discussion. Inter-American Development Bank, gennaio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011615.

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This paper identifies policy issues that affect the extent, distribution, and condition of forests in Latin America. Forest management policies are only one element in the framework; policies related to agricultural development and land tenure can have potentially negative consequences for forests. Mineral exploration, hydroelectric reservoirs, highway projects, and urban expansion also have impacts on forest conversion. Finally, macroeconomic policies affect forests through their impact on investment, public spending, foreign trade, and other economic variables that have consequences for land use. Examples of the Bank's lending for forests as integrated with agricultural structural adjustment loans (AGSALs) in Honduras, Nicaragua, and Peru are presented.
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Stein, Ernesto H., Mariano Tommasi e Carlos Scartascini. Political Institutions, State Capabilities and Public Policy: International Evidence. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010903.

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This paper introduces preliminary evidence from a cross-country database of policy characteristics and potential uses of that database. While most databases have emphasized either the content of policies (e.g., size of government deficits) or countries formal institutions (e.g., political regime, electoral system), the variables in this database reflect the policymaking capabilities of different polities. The paper attempts to explain these policy characteristics as depending on the workings of political institutions, using a logic emphasizing intertemporal political compromise. The paper also contrasts this logic with alternatives such as the veto players approach. The paper concludes by suggesting the use of these policy characteristics or state capabilities as explanatory variables for the effectiveness of public spending in various social areas.
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Dime, Roselle, Juzhong Zhuang e Edimon Ginting. Estimating Fiscal Multipliers in Selected Asian Economies. Asian Development Bank, agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210309-2.

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The surge of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has driven countries worldwide to launch substantial stimulus packages to support economic recovery. This paper estimates effects of fiscal measures on output using data from 2000 to 2019 for a panel of nine developing Asian economies and a vector autoregression model. Results show that (i) the 4-quarter and 8-quarter cumulative fiscal multipliers for general government spending range between 0.73 and 0.88 in baselines, in line with recent estimates for developed countries but larger than those for developing countries; (ii) government spending is more effective than tax cuts in boosting the economy; and (iii) an accommodative monetary policy regime can make fiscal measures more effective.
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Ifan, Guto, e Ed Gareth Poole. The Welsh Tax Base: Risks and Opportunities after Fiscal Devolution. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, luglio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20180702.

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Under the new Fiscal Framework and devolution of some tax powers, from April 2019, the Welsh Government and local authorities will control nearly £5 billion of tax revenues, equivalent to roughly 30 per cent of their combined current spending. In this report we have worked with the Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University to examine the key characteristics of the Welsh tax base, the risks and opportunities to the Welsh tax base after fiscal devolution, and some of the implications for Welsh Government policy. It concludes that tax policy reform should be pursued in an integrated way, with all devolved and local taxes considered in the round. It also highlights that given the influence that wider policy areas like education and housing have on the economy, there are cross-departmental challenges for the Welsh Government to ensure it successfully manages the increased risk inherent to fiscal devolution.
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Heresi, Rodrigo. From Macroeconomic Stability to Welfare: Optimizing Fiscal Rules in Commodity-Dependent Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005197.

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I study the welfare and macroeconomic implications of simple and implementable fiscal policy rules in commodity-dependent economies, where a large share of output, exports, and government revenues depend on exogenous and volatile commodity prices. Using a multisector New Keynesian model estimated for the Chilean economy, we find that the welfare-maximizing fiscal policy involves an actively countercyclical response to the tax revenue cycle and a mildly procyclical response to the commodity revenue cycle. Compared to a benchmark acyclical policy, the optimized rule minimizes GDP growth volatility while delivering welfare gains of 0.6% of lifetime consumption to non-Ricardian (financially constrained) households. Government consumption and especially public investment are particularly helpful in stabilizing GDP, while targeted social transfers are essential to smooth the consumption of financially constrained households. Implementing the optimized rule requires moderate additional volatility (fiscal activism) in government spending and public debt.
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Bonvecchi, Alejandro. The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Latin America: The Case of Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, maggio 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010935.

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This paper investigates the political economy of fiscal reform activism in Argentina since the late 1980s. Between 1988 and 2008, tax legislation was changed 83 times, fiscal federal rules 14 times, and budgetary institutions sixteen times. Tax and budgetary reforms moved from centralizing revenue sources and spending authority in the federal government to mild decentralization lately. Fiscal federal rules combined centralization of revenues and management in the federal government with short-term compensations for the provinces. This paper contends that reform activism can be explained by the recurrence of economic and policy shocks while reform patterns may be accounted for as consequences of the decreasing political integration of national parties in a polity whose decisionmaking rules encourage the formation of oversized coalitions. The decrease in political integration weakened the national party leaderships ability to coordinate intergovernmental bargaining, and strengthened the local bosses and factions needed to form oversized coalitions.
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