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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Government accountability – australia"
1
Game, Chantal S., Lisa M. Cullen e Alistair M. Brown. "Accountability and financial statement presentation of early Western Australian banks, 1837–1880". Accounting History 23, n. 4 (1 aprile 2018): 555–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373218759972.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study uses legal origin theory to consider the influence of the British imperial government on financial statement presentation of early Western Australian banks. Accountability and patterns of financial presentation were explored through an examination of 192 quarterly returns and three annual returns for the Bank of Western Australia, Western Australian Bank and National Bank of Australia over the years 1837–1880. Findings from the study suggest the banks demonstrated a willingness to prepare forms of Western-narrow and Western-broad accounts. Early Western Australian banks consistently prepared timely financial statements to keep stakeholders informed of the banks’ quarterly returns. Despite the harsh economic conditions, Western Australian banks appeared to keep pace with the changing legal, political and fiscal accountability reforms carried out by the colonial government during this early settlement period of Western Australia.
2
Lau, Katherine A., Torsten Theis, Alexa M. Kaufer, Joanna L. Gray e William D. Rawlinson. "A decade of RCPAQAP Biosecurity improving testing for biological threats in Australia". Microbiology Australia 41, n. 3 (2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma20039.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Biosecurity is a term broadly applied to the protection, control and accountability of biological agents and toxins to minimise the risk of their introduction through natural, unintentional (accidents) or deliberate processes. Biosecurity protection involves the engagement of all stakeholders including government, public health networks, industry, and scientific community. While the Commonwealth Government primarily manages biosecurity, it is also a shared responsibility with State and Territory governments. Rapid, accurate diagnosis is essential to informing all levels of response to biosecurity threats. External quality assurance (EQA) through proficiency testing (PT) is an indispensable tool to allow assessment of laboratory performance. This ensures laboratory capability and capacity are in a constant state of readiness to effectively detect biological threats and reduce the impact and transmission of disease. Since 2009, the Royal College of Pathologists Australasia Quality Assurance Program (RCPAQAP) has been contracted by the Australian Government Department of Health to establish a proficiency testing program (PTP) for the detection of biological threat agents. Starting out as a PTP for the detection of Bacillus anthracis, RCPAQAP Biosecurity has undergone significant transformation, thereby building and enhancing laboratory preparedness. Alterations in the program have been in line with the changing landscape of biosecurity and other emerging infectious diseases across Australia, and worldwide.
3
Barut, Meropy, Jean Raar e Mohammad I. Azim. "Biodiversity and local government: a reporting and accountability perspective". Managerial Auditing Journal 31, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2016): 197–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-08-2014-1082.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to illuminate the disclosure of biodiversity material contained in the reported information of 151 local government authorities (LGAs) in New South Wales, Australia. The introduction of the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (an international treaty to sustain the rich diversity of life on earth) has made the issue of fauna management and monitoring, and the associated requirement for cost-effective information, much more important. As local communities are best placed to make decisions about the protection of their local environments, the content in external reports and other disclosures allows stakeholders to gauge how accountable LGAs are regarding the conservation of biodiversity within their geographical jurisdiction. Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis was used to analyze the disclosures of these LGAs. Findings – The results reveal marked differences in the reporting of biodiversity issues. In fact, LGAs in the state of New South Wales (Australia) have been, at best, lukewarm in their disclosure of strategic information relating to biodiversity, particularly in their strategic goals and plans. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the academic literature on biodiversity reporting by investigating existing reporting practices and providing evidence that a universally adopted framework for biodiversity reporting and reporting of local native fauna is required. In particular, the impacts of these practices need to be properly understood for LGAs to provide accountability to their stakeholders.
4
Ahyaruddin, Muhammad, Mohd Nor Hakimin Bin Yusoff, Siti Afiqah Binti Zainuddin e Agustiawan Agustiawan. "Research trend on accountability and government performance: A bibliometric analysis approach". Journal of Accounting and Investment 24, n. 3 (21 novembre 2023): 974–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jai.v24i3.20307.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research aims: This research aims to analyze the trends, map the conceptual structure, and present the picture of research direction on accountability and government performance topics.Design/Methodology/Approach: A bibliometric analysis was used to obtain a structured overview and the research trend on accountability and government performance domains. The authors used the Scopus database from 1983 to 2022 and got 214 published documents, which were then analyzed with VOSviewer software and “Scopus Analyze Search Results.”Research findings: This study uncovered a significant increasing trend in the number of publications on accountability and government performance research, from two documents in 1985 to eighteen documents in 2022. The USA is the most productive country publishing on accountability and government performance research, followed by the United Kingdom, Indonesia, China, Australia, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, and Italy. The keywords that can be used for further research related to accountability and government performance are e-government, transparency, local government, governance approach, performance management, and corruption.Theoretical contribution/Originality: Based on the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that analyses the research trend on accountability and government performance with the use of bibliometric analysis. In addition, for exploring and analyzing large volumes of scientific research, the use of bibliometric analysis is a popular and rigorous method.Practitioner/Policy implication: The use of bibliometric analysis is essential to identify research gaps and look for themes or terms and become a potential direction to explore the relationship of each term.
5
Holly, Gabrielle. "Challenges to Australia's Offshore Detention Regime and the Limits of Strategic Tort Litigation". German Law Journal 21, n. 3 (aprile 2020): 549–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.26.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractAustralia's offshore detention regime has been the subject of numerous attempts to seek accountability for harm caused to detainees using legal and other avenues in Australia. This Article examines recent strategic litigation actions against the Australian government and the corporate contractors engaged in offshore detention, including: Kamasaee v. Commonwealth; AUB19 v. Commonwealth; and actions seeking injunctions requiring the Australian government to airlift detainees to Australia for medical treatment. While these actions have vindicated the rights of those in offshore detention in specific ways, and in some instances facilitated compensation for harms caused while in detention, none have proved capable of challenging the underlying basis of the offshore detention regime, nor of providing a foreseeable end to the detention, whether by facilitating credible prospects for resettlement, or by other means. The Article provides an account of the achievements and limitations of these claims and concludes that although certain features of the Australian jurisdiction make it possible to pursue transnational claims, and thus potentially provide remedy for those who have suffered wrongs in Australia's offshore detention regime, such claims need to be pursued with the utmost care and with careful consideration of the complexities of the Australian political and legal environment.
6
Stuart, Katharine. "Methods, methodology and madness". Records Management Journal 27, n. 2 (17 luglio 2017): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-05-2017-0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose This paper aims to present findings from a recent study examining current records management as fit for digital government in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on findings from the first phase of research for a postdoctoral degree. This research was collected through an online quantitative survey of government records management professionals in Australia. The survey’s purpose was to understand whether the profession has kept pace with advances in, and expectations of, digital government. Building on the findings of the survey, this paper explores the concepts of methodology and methods and applies them to current digital records management in the Australian Government. Methodology for Australian Government digital records management is contained in the 2015 Digital Continuity 2020 policy. However, measuring method proved more difficult. The researcher supplemented data published by the National Archives of Australia and the Department of Finance with data from her own research to measure the validity of methods by examining suitability of current requirements. Findings Australian Government records management professionals overwhelmingly feel requirements, organisational culture and behaviour form a barrier to implementing successful records management programs. This paper finds that the Australian Government is buying ten times more digital storage per year than the sum of all of the digital Australian Government records known. This suggests perhaps not all records are recognised. While there will always be more storage than records, the ratio should not be so inflated. Further problems are found with requirements for records management being seen as mostly paper-based and too resource intensive to be of use. This research, combined with a contemporary literature review, shows that there is an imbalance with the current methodology and methods and asks the question: Has a methodology (Digital Continuity 2020) been created without suitable and known methods being in place? Research limitations/implications The method for collecting survey data was based on self-reporting, which can lead to limitations in that the population sample may exaggerate their response or demonstrate bias. However, responses to the survey were common enough to eliminate bias. The study is based on the Australian Government; however, findings may translate to other governments. This paper presents findings from the first phase of research of a postdoctoral degree. Not all findings are presented, only those relevant to the topic. Originality/value As the Australian Government moves to become a true digital government, records management is still required to ensure accountability of government actions and decisions. However, while the government transitions to digital, and information stores continue to grow, the question of whether records management has kept up with the rapid pace of digital information flow and expansion does not need to be asked. Instead, the time has come to ask, “What can we do to keep up?”
7
Brevini, Benedetta. "Metadata Laws, Journalism and Resistance in Australia". Media and Communication 5, n. 1 (22 marzo 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v5i1.810.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The intelligence leaks from Edward Snowden in 2013 unveiled the sophistication and extent of data collection by the United States’ National Security Agency and major global digital firms prompting domestic and international debates about the balance between security and privacy, openness and enclosure, accountability and secrecy. It is difficult not to see a clear connection with the Snowden leaks in the sharp acceleration of new national security legislations in Australia, a long term member of the Five Eyes Alliance. In October 2015, the Australian federal government passed controversial laws that require telecommunications companies to retain the metadata of their customers for a period of two years. The new acts pose serious threats for the profession of journalism as they enable government agencies to easily identify and pursue journalists’ sources. Bulk data collections of this type of information deter future whistleblowers from approaching journalists, making the performance of the latter’s democratic role a challenge. After situating this debate within the scholarly literature at the intersection between surveillance studies and communication studies, this article discusses the political context in which journalists are operating and working in Australia; assesses how metadata laws have affected journalism practices and addresses the possibility for resistance.
8
Haque, Shamima, e Muhammad Azizul Islam. "Stakeholder pressures on corporate climate change-related accountability and disclosures: Australian evidence". Business and Politics 17, n. 2 (agosto 2015): 355–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369525800001674.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study investigates stakeholder pressures on corporate climate change-related accountability and disclosure practices in Australia. While existing scholarship investigates stakeholder pressures on companies to discharge their broader accountability through general social and environmental disclosures, there is a lack of research investigating whether and how stakeholder pressures emerge to influence accountability and disclosure practices related to climate change. We surveyed various stakeholder groups to understand their concerns about climate change-related corporate accountability and disclosure practices. We present three primary findings: first, while NGOs and the media have some influence, institutional investors and government bodies (regulators) are perceived to be the most powerful stakeholders in generating climate change-related concern and coercive pressure on corporations to be accountable. Second, corporate climate change-related disclosures, as documented through the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), are positively associated with such perceived coercive pressures. Lastly, we find a positive correlation between the level of media attention to climate change and Australian corporate responses to the CDP. Our results indicate that corporations will not disclose climate change information until pressured by non-financial stakeholders. This suggests a larger role for non-financial actors than previously theorized, with several policy implications.
9
Siriwardhane, Pavithra, e Dennis Taylor. "Perceived accountability for local government infrastructure assets: the influence of stakeholders". Pacific Accounting Review 29, n. 4 (6 novembre 2017): 551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-11-2016-0110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of stakeholder salience and the degree of emphasis placed on accountability dimensions for infrastructure assets (IFAs) as perceived by mayors and chief executive officers (CEOs) of local government authorities (LGAs). Comparisons are drawn between the salience accorded to two broad stakeholder groups at the public level and at the government level. Design/methodology/approach Perceptions of mayors and CEOs are examined through a mail questionnaire survey administered among LGAs in Australia. Findings Overall accountability for IFAs by the LGAs is influenced by the salience accorded to the demands and needs of public stakeholders (PSs) but not the salience accorded to government stakeholders (GS). It is evident that public and managerial accountabilities are impacted by PS salience, whereas political accountability is impacted by the salience of GS. Thus, it emphasises that the establishment and implementation of policies, processes and systems that render transparency and responsiveness to the public, as well as service quality and the disclosure of performance measures, are positively affected by the salience accorded to PS groups. Research limitations/implications The results of the study may be affected by the inherent weaknesses associated with mail surveys. Practical implications Accountability of LGAs for IFAs to GS needs enhancement, specifically stronger policy incentives. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature, providing evidence on how mayors and CEOs of LGAs perceive the salience of different stakeholders of IFAs and its impact on the perceived accountability.
10
Lavoie, Josée G., e Judith Dwyer. "Implementing Indigenous community control in health care: lessons from Canada". Australian Health Review 40, n. 4 (2016): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14101.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective Over past decades, Australian and Canadian Indigenous primary healthcare policies have focused on supporting community controlled Indigenous health organisations. After more than 20 years of sustained effort, over 89% of eligible communities in Canada are currently engaged in the planning, management and provision of community controlled health services. In Australia, policy commitment to community control has also been in place for more than 25 years, but implementation has been complicated by unrealistic timelines, underdeveloped change management processes, inflexible funding agreements and distrust. This paper discusses the lessons from the Canadian experience to inform the continuing efforts to achieve the implementation of community control in Australia. Methods We reviewed Canadian policy and evaluation grey literature documents, and assessed lessons and recommendations for relevance to the Australian context. Results Our analysis yielded three broad lessons. First, implementing community control takes time. It took Canada 20 years to achieve 89% implementation. To succeed, Australia will need to make a firm long term commitment to this objective. Second, implementing community control is complex. Communities require adequate resources to support change management. And third, accountability frameworks must be tailored to the Indigenous primary health care context to be meaningful. Conclusions We conclude that although the Canadian experience is based on a different context, the processes and tools created to implement community control in Canada can help inform the Australian context. What is known about the topic? Although Australia has promoted Indigenous control over primary healthcare (PHC) services, implementation remains incomplete. Enduring barriers to the transfer of PHC services to community control have not been addressed in the largely sporadic attention to this challenge to date, despite significant recent efforts in some jurisdictions. What does this paper add? The Canadian experience indicates that transferring PHC from government to community ownership requires sustained commitment, adequate resourcing of the change process and the development of a meaningful accountability framework tailored to the sector. What are the implications for practitioners? Policy makers in Australia will need to attend to reform in contractual arrangements (towards pooled or bundled funding), adopt a long-term vision for transfer and find ways to harmonise the roles of federal and state governments. The arrangements achieved in some communities in the Australian Coordinated Care Trials (and still in place) provide a model.
Tesi sul tema "Government accountability – australia"
1
Mucciarone, Maria Anna. "Accountability and performance measurement in Australian and Malaysian government departments". Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/328.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the late 1980s, government agencies in many countries commenced the implementation of public sector management reforms in an effort to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. Many of these reforms arose as a result of demands placed on governments for improved use of public funds. These reforms, which have been wide ranging, have involved important improvements in the methods in which public sector agencies collect and report information related to accountability, particularly in the area of performance measurement. This study seeks to add to the literature on public sector accountability and performance measurement by undertaking a comparative cross-country study involving Australia and Malaysia, a developed and a developing country. Each of these countries have adopted, in varying degrees, reforms to their public sector reporting mechanisms as a result of major demands for changes to public sector funding, accountability and reporting methods. Within the study, a multiple theory approach is undertaken which uses aspects of both agency theory and institutional theory to provide a more informed understanding of the impact specific influential parties have on the level of disclosure and dissemination of accountability related information. This study examines the impact of agency and institutional related variables on the extent and frequency of the disclosure and dissemination of performance measurement information by Australian and Malaysian government departments.The major sources of data for this study comprise firstly, an analysis of the 2003/2004 annual reports of Australian and Malaysian government departments, secondly semi-structured interviews with senior finance officers of selected government departments and thirdly, a questionnaire survey forwarded to senior finance officers of all government departments in Australia and Malaysia. The findings of the content analysis and interviews concerning performance indicator disclosure by Australian Federal government departments show that cost and effectiveness performance indicators are the most disclosed indicator. For Malaysian Federal government departments, results and quantity performance indicators are the most disclosed indicators. For Australia, performance dissemination happens most often on a monthly basis whilst for Malaysia this occurs more regularly on an annual basis. In relation to performance indicator dissemination, Australian government departments are making increased use of the web to disseminate performance indicators whilst the main method of dissemination for Malaysia is their availability upon request. The major questionnaire was prepared using the annual report content analysis and interviews as a base and it was sent to the senior financer officers of all Australian and Malaysian Government Departments. The questionnaire resulted in a 37.1% response rate for Australia and a 21.7% response rate for Malaysian departments. The questionnaire was used as the base to test the influence of agency theory-related variables and institutional theory-related variables and culture on performance indicator disclosure and dissemination.The results of the agency theory-related variables rejected the hypothesised influence of oversight bodies on performance indicator disclosure and dissemination for both Australian and Malaysian government departments. The relevant size of government departments was also rejected as being an influence on the frequency of performance indicator disclosure by both countries. However, for Australian government departments, a significant influence for frequency of size of government departments of performance indicator dissemination was found to exist. The citizenry was found to have no significant influence on performance indicator disclosure by both countries. However, in the case of Malaysia, the citizenry were found to have an influence on the level of performance indicator dissemination. The results of the institutional theory related variables provided evidence that none of the variables have an influence on the frequency of performance indicator disclosure and dissemination in both countries. Finally, the results for culture showed there is a level of influence of culture on the frequency of performance indicator disclosure and dissemination. Overall the results of this study indicate both some differences and similarities between Australia and Malaysia government departments in the disclosure and dissemination of performance indicators. There is evidence in this study to indicate that in Australia, both efficiency and effectiveness performance indicators are being disclosed more often in the annual reports of government departments. However, the results for Malaysia show a considerably lower level of disclosure of efficiency and effectiveness performance indicators in government departments' annual reports than in Australia.Therefore the contrasts between the mail survey results and interview results provide for some future research that could expand the interview survey to include a larger sample to see if the Sofas perceptions are the same or different in regards to performance indicator disclosure and dissemination. The dual paradigm (agency and institutional) modeling of the determinants of performance indicator disclosure and dissemination have provided important findings from the perspectives of both the variables and the countries on which this study was based. The important findings of this study are that accountability and managerially have had differing emphases in Australia as compared to Malaysia, and that there are varying levels of disclosure, dissemination and use of performance measurement information between both individual government departments and the countries in which they reside. A range of future research possibilities are generated by this study. These possibilities range from extending the context of the hypotheses to encompass other government entities, other countries and other forms of performance measurement.
2
Mucciarone, Maria Anna. "Accountability and performance measurement in Australian and Malaysian government departments". Curtin University of Technology, School of Accounting, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116043.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the late 1980s, government agencies in many countries commenced the implementation of public sector management reforms in an effort to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. Many of these reforms arose as a result of demands placed on governments for improved use of public funds. These reforms, which have been wide ranging, have involved important improvements in the methods in which public sector agencies collect and report information related to accountability, particularly in the area of performance measurement. This study seeks to add to the literature on public sector accountability and performance measurement by undertaking a comparative cross-country study involving Australia and Malaysia, a developed and a developing country. Each of these countries have adopted, in varying degrees, reforms to their public sector reporting mechanisms as a result of major demands for changes to public sector funding, accountability and reporting methods. Within the study, a multiple theory approach is undertaken which uses aspects of both agency theory and institutional theory to provide a more informed understanding of the impact specific influential parties have on the level of disclosure and dissemination of accountability related information. This study examines the impact of agency and institutional related variables on the extent and frequency of the disclosure and dissemination of performance measurement information by Australian and Malaysian government departments.The major sources of data for this study comprise firstly, an analysis of the 2003/2004 annual reports of Australian and Malaysian government departments, secondly semi-structured interviews with senior finance officers of selected government departments and thirdly, a questionnaire survey forwarded to senior finance officers of all government departments in Australia and Malaysia. The findings of the content analysis and interviews concerning performance indicator disclosure by Australian Federal government departments show that cost and effectiveness performance indicators are the most disclosed indicator. For Malaysian Federal government departments, results and quantity performance indicators are the most disclosed indicators. For Australia, performance dissemination happens most often on a monthly basis whilst for Malaysia this occurs more regularly on an annual basis. In relation to performance indicator dissemination, Australian government departments are making increased use of the web to disseminate performance indicators whilst the main method of dissemination for Malaysia is their availability upon request. The major questionnaire was prepared using the annual report content analysis and interviews as a base and it was sent to the senior financer officers of all Australian and Malaysian Government Departments. The questionnaire resulted in a 37.1% response rate for Australia and a 21.7% response rate for Malaysian departments. The questionnaire was used as the base to test the influence of agency theory-related variables and institutional theory-related variables and culture on performance indicator disclosure and dissemination.
The results of the agency theory-related variables rejected the hypothesised influence of oversight bodies on performance indicator disclosure and dissemination for both Australian and Malaysian government departments. The relevant size of government departments was also rejected as being an influence on the frequency of performance indicator disclosure by both countries. However, for Australian government departments, a significant influence for frequency of size of government departments of performance indicator dissemination was found to exist. The citizenry was found to have no significant influence on performance indicator disclosure by both countries. However, in the case of Malaysia, the citizenry were found to have an influence on the level of performance indicator dissemination. The results of the institutional theory related variables provided evidence that none of the variables have an influence on the frequency of performance indicator disclosure and dissemination in both countries. Finally, the results for culture showed there is a level of influence of culture on the frequency of performance indicator disclosure and dissemination. Overall the results of this study indicate both some differences and similarities between Australia and Malaysia government departments in the disclosure and dissemination of performance indicators. There is evidence in this study to indicate that in Australia, both efficiency and effectiveness performance indicators are being disclosed more often in the annual reports of government departments. However, the results for Malaysia show a considerably lower level of disclosure of efficiency and effectiveness performance indicators in government departments' annual reports than in Australia.
Therefore the contrasts between the mail survey results and interview results provide for some future research that could expand the interview survey to include a larger sample to see if the Sofas perceptions are the same or different in regards to performance indicator disclosure and dissemination. The dual paradigm (agency and institutional) modeling of the determinants of performance indicator disclosure and dissemination have provided important findings from the perspectives of both the variables and the countries on which this study was based. The important findings of this study are that accountability and managerially have had differing emphases in Australia as compared to Malaysia, and that there are varying levels of disclosure, dissemination and use of performance measurement information between both individual government departments and the countries in which they reside. A range of future research possibilities are generated by this study. These possibilities range from extending the context of the hypotheses to encompass other government entities, other countries and other forms of performance measurement.
3
Rogalla, Barbara, e com au BarbRog@iprimus. "Framed by Legal Rationalism: Refugees and the Howard Government's Selective Use of Legal Rationality; 1999-2003". RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080122.100946.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis investigated the power of framing practices in the context of Australian refugee policies between 1999 and 2003. The analysis identified legal rationalism as an ideological projection by which the Howard government justified its refugee policies to the electorate. That is, legal rationalism manifested itself as an overriding concern with the rules and procedures of the law, without necessarily having concern for consistency or continuity. In its first form, legal rationalism emerged as a
4
Croker, Keith L., e n/a. "Factors affecting public policy processes : the experience of the industries assistance commission". University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1986. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060630.174015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Public policies are, at once, the means for articulation of political
philosophies and processes, the conduits for conversion of political
and bureaucratic decisions into actions and the means by which the
electorate can assess government performance. Public policy
processes offer a means of achieving social and economic change and
they are a primary justification for the existence of governmental
systems. On these counts, identification of the elements of policy
processes and the ways they interact with each other is essential to
an understanding of the relationships between public policy decisions,
systems of democratic government and their connections with wider
society.
This thesis goes behind the facade of public policy outcomes and
analyses the processes involved in arriving at policy decisions.
Linkages are traced between political theories, the processes of
public policy decisions and final policy outcomes. This involves,
first, an examination and critique of liberal-democratic theories.
Second, there is detailed examination of pluralist democratic practice,
which is the prevailing political paradigm of modern western
liberal-democratic societies. The analysis finds substantial evidence
of gross distortions in the process relative to normative theories.
Plain causes are the institutionalisation of special interests to the
exclusion of wider public interests and inadequate accountability of
governments and bureaucracies for their actions.
Policy processes in pluralist systems are examined and it is concluded
that the social environment, institutional influences and factors which
affect the behaviour of institutions are key elements explaining public
policy decisions.
The capacity for pluralism to significantly influence policy outcomes
depends largely on the degree and nature of access to the public policy
process at various points.
In examining the role of government institutions in public policy
processes, it is argued that a clear distinction between the elected
legislature and the administrative bureaucracy is artificial and
misleading. Further, there is evidence that public service bureaucrats
can become captives of their particular client groups and, thus, less
accessible to the full range of relevant interests. These problems are
exacerbated by the two-party Westminster model of representative
democracy which tends to concentrate power in cabinet government,
resulting in a decline in the importance of parliament as a deliberative
and scrutinising bodies.
This dissertation develops the view that there are significant causal
links between institutional philosophies and values and the dominant
disciplines within institutions. It is also argued that growing
professionalism in bureaucracies and a tendency for functional divisions
of public policy to be in broad symmetry with the divisions of the
professions, tends to intensify the influence of particular professional
disciplines on related areas of public policy.
The critique of liberal-democratic theories and the related discussion
of factors affecting policy processes in a pluralist system are used to
identify the essential elements of public policy processes. It is
proposed that all policy processes contain the four elements of
pluralism, access, accountability and planning which are interactively
related. Differences in emphasis given to these elements in the policy
process explains the nature of individual policy decisions. Thus, the
normative policy process datum model provides both a static and dynamic
framework for analysing policy decisions.
In order to examine the theoretical arguments in an empirical context,
the policy processes of the Australian Federal Government, in the area
of industry assistance, are analysed. This policy arena contains all
the 'raw material' of pluralist processes and is, therefore, a fertile
area for analysis. Furthermore, operating within this policy arena is
the Industries Assistance Commission [IAC], a bureaucratic institution
which is quite unlike traditional administrative structures. The IAC
has, prima-facie, all of the features of the policy process datum model;
it operates in an open mode, it encourages a range of pluralistic inputs,
it has a highly professional planning function and, because its policy
advice is published, it encourages scrutiny and accountability of
itself, other actors in the bureaucracy and the elected government. The
IAC operates in a rational-comprehensive mode.
The analysis concludes that the IAC was established in part to be a
countervailing force to restore some balance in the industry policy
arena. In this it has been partly successful - the distributive policy
decisions of governments have come under much greater scrutiny than in
the past and other areas of the bureaucracy have been forced to operate
more frequently in a rational-comprehensive mode, rather than as
advocates of sectional interests.
The IAC has itself limited its range of objectives, however, and has
tended to become a computational organisation, isolating its core
economic [planning] technology from the interactive processes of the
policy process model, i.e. pluralism, access and accountability. By
protecting its essential philosophy in this way, the IAC runs the risk
of becoming less influential in the overall policy process.
Using the policy process model as a datum, and the empirical experience
of the IAC and the policy arena in which it operates, several options
for administrative reform are examined. A summary agenda for
administrative change is proposed which revolves around ways of achieving
balanced pluralistic inputs, a greater degree of access, better
bureaucratic and government accountability and ways of exploiting but
controlling technocratic planning expertise. Emphasis is placed on the
need to achieve enriched interactive flows between each of these key
elements. If these conditions can be met, it is proposed that a revised
and improved administrative bureaucracy will emerge.
5
Thomson, Belinda. "A cost effective grassland management strategy to reduce the number of bird strikes at the Brisbane airport". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16576/1/Belinda_Thomson_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In an era of acute concern about airline safety, bird strikes are still one of the major hazards to aviation worldwide. The severity of the problem is such that it is mandatory in all developed countries to include bird management as part of airport safety management programs. In Australia, there are approximately 500 bird aircraft strikes per year (Bailey 2000). Brisbane airport has a relatively high occurrence of strikes, with an average of 77 recorded every year (2002-2004).
Given the severity of the problem, a variety of techniques have been employed by airports to reduce bird strikes. Scare devices, repellents, continuous patrols for bird hazing, use of raptors to clear airspace of birds and depredation are used by many airports. Even given the diversity of control methods available, it is accepted that habitat management is the most effective long term way to control birds in and around the airport space. Experimental studies have shown that habitat manipulation and active scaring measures (shooting, scaring etc), can reduce bird numbers to an acceptable level.
The current study investigated bird populations in six major vegetation habitat types identified within the operational and surrounding areas of Brisbane airport. In order to determine areas where greater bird control and management should be focused, bird abundance, distribution, and activity were recorded and habitats that pose the greatest bird strike risk to aircraft were identified. Secondly, species with high hazard potential were identified and ranked according to their hazard potential to aircraft.
This study also investigated the effectiveness of different vegetation management options to reduce bird species abundance within operational areas of Brisbane airport. Four different management options were compared. Each management option was assessed for grass structural complexity and potential food resources available to hazardous bird species.
Analysis of recorded data showed that of the habitats compared within the Brisbane airport boundaries, grasslands surrounding runways, taxiways and aprons possess the greatest richness and abundance of bird species that pose the greatest potential hazard to aircraft. Ibis and the Australian kestrel were identified as the bird species that pose the greatest risk to aircraft at Brisbane airport, and both were found in greatest numbers within the managed grasslands surrounding operational areas at the airport.
An improved reporting process that allows correct identification of all individual bird species involved in bird strikes will not only increase the accuracy of risk assessments, but will also allow implementation of more effective control strategies at Brisbane airport.
Compared with current grassland management practice, a vegetation management option of maintaining grass height at 30-50cm reduced total bird utilisation by 89% while utilisation of grassland by potentially hazardous birds was also reduced by 85%.
Maintaining grass height within the 30-50cm range also resulted in a 45% reduction in the number of manipulations required per year (11 to 6), when compared with current management practices, and a 64% reduction in annual maintenance cost per hectare. When extrapolated to the entire maintained grass area at Brisbane airport, this resulted in a saving of over $60 000 annually.
Optimisation of potential hazard reduction will rely on future studies that investigate the effect of particular vegetation species that could replace the existing mix of grasses used at Brisbane airport and an understanding of the relative importance of vegetation structure and food supply in determining utilisation by potentially hazardous bird species.
6
Thomson, Belinda. "A cost effective grassland management strategy to reduce the number of bird strikes at the Brisbane airport". Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16576/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In an era of acute concern about airline safety, bird strikes are still one of the major hazards to aviation worldwide. The severity of the problem is such that it is mandatory in all developed countries to include bird management as part of airport safety management programs. In Australia, there are approximately 500 bird aircraft strikes per year (Bailey 2000). Brisbane airport has a relatively high occurrence of strikes, with an average of 77 recorded every year (2002-2004). Given the severity of the problem, a variety of techniques have been employed by airports to reduce bird strikes. Scare devices, repellents, continuous patrols for bird hazing, use of raptors to clear airspace of birds and depredation are used by many airports. Even given the diversity of control methods available, it is accepted that habitat management is the most effective long term way to control birds in and around the airport space. Experimental studies have shown that habitat manipulation and active scaring measures (shooting, scaring etc), can reduce bird numbers to an acceptable level. The current study investigated bird populations in six major vegetation habitat types identified within the operational and surrounding areas of Brisbane airport. In order to determine areas where greater bird control and management should be focused, bird abundance, distribution, and activity were recorded and habitats that pose the greatest bird strike risk to aircraft were identified. Secondly, species with high hazard potential were identified and ranked according to their hazard potential to aircraft. This study also investigated the effectiveness of different vegetation management options to reduce bird species abundance within operational areas of Brisbane airport. Four different management options were compared. Each management option was assessed for grass structural complexity and potential food resources available to hazardous bird species. Analysis of recorded data showed that of the habitats compared within the Brisbane airport boundaries, grasslands surrounding runways, taxiways and aprons possess the greatest richness and abundance of bird species that pose the greatest potential hazard to aircraft. Ibis and the Australian kestrel were identified as the bird species that pose the greatest risk to aircraft at Brisbane airport, and both were found in greatest numbers within the managed grasslands surrounding operational areas at the airport. An improved reporting process that allows correct identification of all individual bird species involved in bird strikes will not only increase the accuracy of risk assessments, but will also allow implementation of more effective control strategies at Brisbane airport. Compared with current grassland management practice, a vegetation management option of maintaining grass height at 30-50cm reduced total bird utilisation by 89% while utilisation of grassland by potentially hazardous birds was also reduced by 85%. Maintaining grass height within the 30-50cm range also resulted in a 45% reduction in the number of manipulations required per year (11 to 6), when compared with current management practices, and a 64% reduction in annual maintenance cost per hectare. When extrapolated to the entire maintained grass area at Brisbane airport, this resulted in a saving of over $60 000 annually. Optimisation of potential hazard reduction will rely on future studies that investigate the effect of particular vegetation species that could replace the existing mix of grasses used at Brisbane airport and an understanding of the relative importance of vegetation structure and food supply in determining utilisation by potentially hazardous bird species.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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(9782267), Mark Boulle. "Social sustainability in Australian local government: Commitment and accountability". Thesis, 2016. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Social_sustainability_in_Australian_local_government_Commitment_and_accountability/13387307.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Australia, there have been limited formal government responses to social dimensions of sustainable development, evidenced by the increasing vulnerability of communities to adverse social impacts, such as socio-economic disadvantage; the weakening of community and democratic values; and public apathy and distrust of political processes. Social problems are compounded by lack of social services, social infrastructure and public transport. Legitimacy, accountability and participation as pivotal governance domains for transforming social processes towards sustainable development can be obscured in local governance. This research examines the extent of commitment to and accountability for social sustainability in Australian local government and factors that affect its incorporation in practice. Guidelines for improving social sustainability practice are also formulated. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining a survey of local councils across Australia with in-depth interviews. Survey and interview participants comprised the functional management personnel of Australian local councils, including directors, managers and officers working in various social, community, economic, environmental and policy roles. A conceptual framework for social sustainability, designed for empirical testing in the local government setting, was used as a definitional basis for the research. The framework comprises four components: engaged governance, social capital, social infrastructure, and social justice and equity. Phronetic organisational research (phronesis) provides an analytical perspective for the research and involved an examination of discourse in relation to rationality and power relations. The research employed descriptive statistical, thematic and phronetic interpretive methods of data analysis. The findings of the research reveal that social sustainability is part of a contested field of discursive governance in local government, in which a discourse of economic primacy and a discourse of elected representation are dominant. The nature of this discursive governance is identified as the main factor affecting social sustainability practice in local government. Deficits of engaged governance and accountability for social sustainability were revealed that are consistent with councils operating under efficiency models of local government. The dominant discourses seek to reduce local governance to technical decision making and obscure underlying value-based judgments. Where the will of council officers is to prioritise and incorporate social sustainability, it is constrained within the framework of discursive governance. The nature of the discursive governance identified is interrogated using the value-rational questions of phronesis in the context of relevant contemporary literature. A power nexus is said to exist comprising elected officials, council executives, developers and other stakeholders who are positioned in the economic and representation discourses. The discursive governance leads to gains for the power nexus and losses for other community stakeholders. Recommendations are proposed that council officers can use to resist and contest the field of discursive governance to improve social sustainability practice. This research offers an original contribution to sustainability, management and governance literature through its use of mixed methods and phronetic interpretive analysis in the local government context. Future research is suggested to deepen understandings of the nature of the discursive governance and the power nexus in local government, and ways for them to be challenged.
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Childs, Fiona. "Government communication in the new millenium : accountability and the government departmental spokesperson in Australia, Britain and America". Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150858.
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Ashe, Stewart. "Accountability and oversight of Australian national security institutions". Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151028.
Testo completoLibri sul tema "Government accountability – australia"
1
Glyn, Davis, Weller Patrick Moray, Lewis Colleen e Griffith University. Centre for Australian Public Sector Management., a cura di. Corporate management in Australian government: Reconciling accountability and efficiency. South Melbourne: Macmillan of Australia, 1989.
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2
Daniel, Ann. Medicine and the state: Professional autonomy and public accountability. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1990.
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3
Dowding, Keith. Ministerial Careers and Accountability in the Australian Commonwealth Government. Canberra: ANU Press, 2012.
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4
Ombudsman, NSW. Improving service delivery to Aboriginal people with a disability: A review of the implementation of ADHC's Aboriginal Policy Framework and Aboriginal Consultation Strategy. Sydney, N.S.W: NSW Ombudsman, 2010.
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5
Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law. Cambridge University Press, 2023.
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Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law. Cambridge University Press, 2023.
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Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
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8
Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law. Cambridge University Press, 2023.
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9
McDonald, Stephen, Judith Bannister e Anna Olijnyk. Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law. Cambridge University Press, 2018.
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Appleby, Gabrielle, Judith Bannister, Anna Olijnyk e Joanna Howe. Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Government accountability – australia"
1
Ramsay, Ian, e Mihika Upadhyaya. "The Failed Attempt to Enact Benefit Company Legislation in Australia and the Rise of B Corps". In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 395–424. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractAustralia is an unusual case study in terms of the history of benefit company legislation. Unlike the history in some other countries, the attempt by B Lab Australia and New Zealand (‘B Lab ANZ’) to introduce benefit company legislation was unsuccessful. It failed to gain the support of the government and attracted a mixed response from Australian businesses and academics. The authors discuss why the attempt was unsuccessful. However, although benefit company legislation was not enacted in Australia, B Lab ANZ’s B Corp certification program has had significant success with 371 Australian B Corps as of January 2022. The authors argue that while B Lab ANZ’s B Corp certification requirements achieve, in some important respects, some of what was contained in the proposed benefit company legislation, had it been enacted the proposed legislation would have ensured greater transparency and accountability for those companies electing to become benefit companies than is currently the case for B Corps in Australia.
2
Islam, Muhammad Azizul, Ameeta Jain e Shamima Haque. "A Preliminary Analysis of Australian Government’s Indigenous Reform Agenda ‘Closing the Gap’ and Corporate Accountability". In Key Initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility, 341–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21641-6_16.
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Bycroft, Peter, Catherine Argall e Natalie Wearne. "Market Research, Accountability, Outcome-focus and Service Standards in the Australian Government Public Sector: How Market Research has Significantly Improved the Reformation of the Australian Government Public Sector". In Market Research Best Practice, 601–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119208815.ch29.
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Rana, Tarek. "New Public Management Reforms and Modernization Changes in Australia". In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 1–17. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3731-1.ch001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter explores and explains recent modernisation changes in the Australian Public Sector and provides insights on implications of new public management style reform for public sector accounting, auditing and accountability systems and practices. By adopting a narrative analysis approach, this chapter reconnoitres the change by dissecting the public-sector governance, performance and accountability reform and identifies significant modernisation changes in public sector management which has switched focus from a “rules-based” to “principles-based” accountability framework. Moreover, this chapter highlights the changes, challenges and opportunities that arises with the implementation of the new framework which can be seen as an innovative determination of modernisation. The modernisation change in Australia has produced new ideas of good governance and requirements for meaningful accountability systems and practices by mobilising various accountability mechanisms such as accountable authority, corporate plan, program evaluation, performance measurement, and risk management.
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Mulgan, Richard. "Assessing Ministerial Responsibility in Australia". In Ministerial Careers and Accountability in the Australian Commonwealth Government. ANU Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/mcaacg.09.2012.09.
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Pacey, Fiona, e Stephanie Short. "Birth of the hydra-headed monster: a unique antipodean model of health workforce governance". In Professional Health Regulation in the Public Interest, 201–20. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447332268.003.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter explicates the multi-profession scheme in Australia that incorporates medical practitioners, nurses and twelve other professional groups. It considers the origins and establishment of the National Scheme for the Registration and Accreditation of the Health Professions introduced in Australia in 2010, within the context of wider regulatory and public policy reforms and initiatives. The key structural aspects of the Scheme’s model of accountability to ministers and parliaments are analysed. It emphasises the extent to which the Scheme has been influenced by Australia’s federal system and the respective responsibilities of each layer of government. The chapter explains how governments in Australia, as represented by their Health Ministers, through the Australian Health Workforce Ministerial Council, have taken on the appearance of the mythical hydra-headed monster, concurrently a unitary and disparate form purposely constructed to act in the public interest in a unique antipodean model of health workforce governance.
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Weller, Patrick, Dennis C. Grube e R. A. W. Rhodes. "Understanding Cabinet Government". In Comparing Cabinets, 1–30. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844945.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter introduces the idea of cabinet government as a way of doing business in executive government. Even though often written off as no longer functional, it still survives, even if there is no single job description. This chapter introduces the three key questions of the book: ➢ What dilemmas do cabinet governments face? ➢ In what way do they differ across countries? ➢ Why is there a common thread to all systems despite different constitutional and institutional architecture? The chapter examines the different approaches to cabinet government: constitutional, institutional, public administration, and policy analysis. It explains why the authors adopted an interpretivist approach where traditions and beliefs shape the choices of individuals. The chapter identifies the common dilemmas that must be managed in all political systems: the process, political, policy, leadership, and accountability dilemmas. It also identifies the five examples of cabinet government systems the book considers: the United Kingdom, Australia, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
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Neilson, John, e Zhang Qi. "Accountability regimes and financial reporting in government: a comparison of China and Australia". In Implementing reforms in public sector accounting, 53–70. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0422-0_2.
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Griffiths, Mary. "Empowering Citizens". In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 124–41. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4058-0.ch008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The federal government of Australia has established an innovative although uneven record in shared governance initiatives in a climate of political stability and broad social inclusion policies. The participatory reform agenda has the potential to increase citizen empowerment, improve government transparency and accountability, and develop the capacities of the administrative arm. Changes to Australian Public Service (APS) practice are now aimed at better support for citizen-centric policy formation and, in some examples, shared governance. Nevertheless, policy consultations remain at the high-risk/high gain end of citizen-government-APS relations. This chapter scopes the concept and contexts of policy co-production both as a technique of engagement and a desirable outcome in shared governance for representative democracies. It assesses policy engagement from the perspective of citizens as agents, not targets. Using a constructivist approach, the chapter assesses the impact of contextual factors, the new participatory reform agenda, and the design features on two consultations conducted in 2011: Clean Energy Legislation, and Digital Culture Public Sphere. Major factors impacting on policy coproduction are found to be context-specific and issue-specific, and outside the direct control of public service agencies. Theoretically, the constructivist approach combines the literature on modes of e-government research, on e-government success factors and participatory media, with evidence of institutional reform agendas and the evidence provided by the case studies. Methodologically, the data is drawn from public domain materials.
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Griffiths, Mary. "Empowering Citizens". In Public Affairs and Administration, 1443–61. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8358-7.ch071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The federal government of Australia has established an innovative although uneven record in shared governance initiatives in a climate of political stability and broad social inclusion policies. The participatory reform agenda has the potential to increase citizen empowerment, improve government transparency and accountability, and develop the capacities of the administrative arm. Changes to Australian Public Service (APS) practice are now aimed at better support for citizen-centric policy formation and, in some examples, shared governance. Nevertheless, policy consultations remain at the high-risk/high gain end of citizen-government-APS relations. This chapter scopes the concept and contexts of policy co-production both as a technique of engagement and a desirable outcome in shared governance for representative democracies. It assesses policy engagement from the perspective of citizens as agents, not targets. Using a constructivist approach, the chapter assesses the impact of contextual factors, the new participatory reform agenda, and the design features on two consultations conducted in 2011: Clean Energy Legislation, and Digital Culture Public Sphere. Major factors impacting on policy coproduction are found to be context-specific and issue-specific, and outside the direct control of public service agencies. Theoretically, the constructivist approach combines the literature on modes of e-government research, on e-government success factors and participatory media, with evidence of institutional reform agendas and the evidence provided by the case studies. Methodologically, the data is drawn from public domain materials.