Articoli di riviste: "Global knowledge network"

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Cugmas, Marjan, Anuška Ferligoj, Miha Škerlavaj e Aleš Žiberna. "Global structures and local network mechanisms of knowledge-flow networks". PLOS ONE 16, n. 2 (16 febbraio 2021): e0246660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246660.

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Understanding the patterns and underlying mechanisms that come into play when employees exchange their knowledge is crucial for their work performance and professional development. Although much is known about the relationship between certain global network properties of knowledge-flow networks and work performance, less is known about the emergence of specific global network structures of knowledge flow. The paper therefore aims to identify a global network structure in blockmodel terms within an empirical knowledge-flow network and discuss whether the selected local network mechanisms are able to drive the network towards the chosen global network structure. Existing studies of knowledge-flow networks are relied on to determine the local network mechanisms. Agent-based modelling shows the selected local network mechanisms are able to drive the network towards the assumed hierarchical global structure.

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O'Brien, Richard. "Guest Editorial: The global network knowledge gap". Global Networks 3, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0374.00047.

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Chen, Qingyi, Qinglan Qian, Zuolin Yao, Na Yang, Junyue Tong e Yujiao Wang. "Global–Local Knowledge Spillover Strategic Coupling Network: Biopharmaceutical Industry Study of GBA, China". Sustainability 14, n. 21 (7 novembre 2022): 14607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114607.

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Strategic coupling is a hot field in the research of global production networks. The existing literature mostly consists of studies from the perspective of countries, regions, and enterprises, and relatively lacks the content for describing global–local strategic coupling networks and their evolution path with industries as carriers. The GBA is a bridgehead for China to participate in the global production network. Based on the systematic construction of the strategic coupling network analysis framework of global–local knowledge spillovers, this paper, taking the biopharmaceutical industry of GBA as an example, depicts the evolution process of its coupling network nodes, structures, and networks from 1990 to 2019 by using system analysis, social network analysis, and other methods, and analyzes node centrality, network structure, coupling paths, and their influencing factors. We found that the strategic coupling of global–local knowledge spillover is typically a networked structure, with the network organization presenting a multi-element sub-system hierarchical state. The overall network structure, with knowledge spillover as the carrier, shows obvious phased differences, having gone through three path stages from exploratory to expanding to stable. The path selection shows a spatial progression and a temporal sequence. The main factors affecting the path selection of the coupling network are the bargaining power of regional knowledge, behavioral subjects’ will, and multi-dimensional proximity.

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Lee, Eon-Seong. "Knowledge Acquisition in the Global Strategic Alliance Network". Journal of Navigation and Port Research 38, n. 3 (30 giugno 2014): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5394/kinpr.2014.38.3.307.

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Stone, Diane. "The “Knowledge Bank” and the Global Development Network". Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 9, n. 1 (3 agosto 2003): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-00901005.

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Spencer, J. W. "Global gatekeeping, representation, and network structure: a longitudinal analysis of regional and global knowledge-diffusion networks". Journal of International Business Studies 34, n. 5 (29 maggio 2003): 428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400039.

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Marques, Leonardo, Tingting Yan e Lee Matthews. "Knowledge Diffusion in a Global Supply Network: A Network of Practice View". Journal of Supply Chain Management 56, n. 1 (28 novembre 2019): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12214.

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YOKURA, YUTAKA. "Global Network Formation and Knowledge Linkages by Japanese Firms". Geographical review of Japan series A 83, n. 6 (2010): 600–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj.83.600.

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Marques, Leonardo. "Sustainable supply network management". International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68, n. 6 (8 luglio 2019): 1164–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-12-2017-0329.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to scrutinise how the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature has discussed knowledge dynamics across the extended supply network, particularly in the contemporary context of fragmented, globally dispersed supply networks. Design/methodology/approach A systematic approach to reviewing the literature is applied, covering 20 years, starting with 267 references, and narrowing down to 88 articles specifically addressing knowledge diffusion processes across the extended supply network. Findings This study shows that vertical ties limited to direct suppliers or third-party monitoring of global suppliers are both insufficient. Lack of co-opetition is an impediment to knowledge diffusion. And the debate of whether or not global dispersion is an impediment to knowledge diffusion seems inconclusive. More importantly, there is a lack of network-level studies mapping the diversity of actors in supply networks. Research limitations/implications First, future SSCM research should shift from an operational focus to strategic knowledge diffusion. Second, the scope of SSCM should expand from linear buyer–supplier relationships to multi-tier and multilateral studies. Special focus should be placed on the literature on social network to support processes that look at the drivers of effective large-scale, global diffusion of sustainability. Originality/value This review contends that it is paramount to set a new research direction captured in a new definition of “sustainable supply network management”. Future research should overcome the barriers of data collection at the network level in order to contribute to the field’s current challenges, which clearly lies in globally dispersed and complex supply network, not dyads or linear chains.

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McCall, Grant S., Russell Greaves, Robert Hitchcock, Brian Ostahowski, Sherman W. Horn e Muhammad I. Rehan. "The Estuarine Ecological Knowledge Network: Future Prospects". Marine Technology Society Journal 55, n. 3 (1 maggio 2021): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.31.

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Abstract Estuaries are profoundly rich, diverse, and complex ecosystems, and crucial to the overall health of Earth's oceans. Estuarine ecological complexity is matched by tremendous human cultural diversity. In the United States, millions of people live in estuarine environments from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic—many of whom directly depend on the productivity of marine resources in both commercial and subsistence fishing activities. Yet, estuaries are also among Earth's most threatened landscapes against the backdrop of global warming, sea-level rise, agricultural and industrial pollution, habitat loss, overfishing, and so on. This represents a looming disaster for our oceans at a global scale. The Estuarine Ecological Knowledge Network (EEKN) is based on the idea that fishing communities living within major estuaries are the key to ensuring the health of global oceans. Coastal fishing communities have vast accumulations of ecological knowledge about the functioning of estuarine ecosystems and interact with those ecosystems in intimate ways on a daily basis. This network is designed to connect coastal communities in monitoring the health of estuarine ecosystems and in using traditional ecological knowledge to develop strategies for enhancing ecosystem health and resilience.

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Gui, Qinchang, Chengliang Liu e Debin Du. "Does network position foster knowledge production? Evidence from international scientific collaboration network". Growth and Change 49, n. 4 (5 settembre 2018): 594–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/grow.12263.

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Andersson, Svante, Natasha Evers e Gabriela Gliga. "Entrepreneurial marketing and born global internationalisation in China". Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 21, n. 2 (9 aprile 2018): 202–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-11-2016-0115.

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Purpose This study aims to explore the entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behaviour of Swedish born globals entering the Chinese market through their international networks. Drawing from the network theory of small firm internationalisation, this study is positioned in the domain of EM, and thus captures the relevance of EM behaviour to explain how born globals internationalise through their networks. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study approach of two Swedish born global companies active in the Chinese market is used. The network theory helps analyse the data in the three phases of firm internationalisation processes. Findings The study shows the importance of networks for the enactment of EM for born globals. The study traces the evolution of network development in the market entry process of born globals and highlights the importance of aligning network leverage with contextual factors for market performance. Research limitations/implications The generalisation of the findings is limited due to the exploratory nature of the study and the size of the research sample. Practical implications Management of different types of networks is essential in the entry process and further growth of born globals in the Chinese market. In addition, born globals operating in psychically distant and complex institutionally contexts can especially gain support from intermediary networks. Originality/value This study extends knowledge of international entrepreneurship by demonstrating that born global managers can enact EM behaviour by leveraging networks to gain rapid entry into the Chinese market. It further highlights the role of firms’ networks in the EM activities in their internationalisation. The conceptual underpinnings of EM and network theory provide greater understanding of how born globals enter and grow their psychically distant markets.

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Suh, Y. "A global knowledge transfer network: the case of Toyota's global production support system". International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management 15, n. 2 (2015): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpqm.2015.067765.

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Al-Khafaji, Rashaa Malik Musa. "The Impact of Historical Nodes and Links of The City on Adopting Knowledge Networks Strategy". Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, n. 5 (11 marzo 2018): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i5.878.

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The city was formed historically as a node for human activities. Its formation depends on the resources and relations in areas of production and distribution; therefore, it was divided into special zones with different economic activities that depend on them (industrial, recreational, commercial, residential areas and other uses of land). The physical and functional features of the city reflected imposed social and digital systems. The Technological advances have expanded the role of knowledge in everyday life that established the concept of knowledge networks. This study deals with the concept of knowledge networks as an updated multidimensional strategy which imposes its ways to deal with the historic urban system as a part of the larger one, where the developed technology imposes its needs of the organizational vision of the city as part of the global system. This study hypothesis that the knowledge networks is a concept not separated from the historic space networks in cities. The study also hypothesis that these historic networks, which were formed from nodes and links impose the strategic vision to adopt and promote the knowledge networks into urban level. This study aims to clarify the concept of knowledge networks as an updated strategy for the urban growth, shows the role of nodes, and links which had grown historically in cities to adopt and promote strategies for the knowledge networks. This research adopted a method to achieve its aims, through studying the cognitive network mechanism and the role of urban characteristics as guidelines to strengthen these networks in a number of global examples, and then use the global experience to build a vision for network strategy in the Iraqi city to produce a new urban pattern. The main conclusion is that the historic urban ties act as a mutual force along with the global mechanism of knowledge network so that each city would show its special response to the network pattern.

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Tharp, Marye, e Jaeseok Jeong. "Executive Insights: The Global Network Communications Agency". Journal of International Marketing 9, n. 4 (dicembre 2001): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.9.4.111.19939.

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Cross-ownership of brand-name agencies, spin-offs of functional areas, and incorporation of nontraditional marketing communications services are the structural foundations of the global network communications agency. Global capabilities are the new criteria for managing agency–client partnerships. In response, agencies differentiate themselves, increase input, and assure clients of uniform decision-making processes across their network by using “branded” decision tools and agency–client intranets. The core competencies expected from the global network communications agency include brand-planning skills, understanding of relevant consumers, decision aids that facilitate decision processes, information systems that maximize experiences and communications, and an ability to bridge cultures. These changes highlight the need to improve human resources management and the competitive appeal of service portfolios, as well as institutionalized knowledge sharing within networks.

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Gojayeva, Elmira, Shahla Huseynova, Saida Babayeva, Ulker Sadigova e Reyhan Azizova. "Information Platforms and the Global Network Economy". SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219204007.

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Research background: The research investigates the formation of the intellectual elite; a radical modernization of the education system is necessary with the use of IT technologies and the introduction of innovations created on the basis of scientific achievements. The development of human capital is crucial for the transition from a traditional economy to a knowledge economy. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to show how human capital plays a very important role in the country’s economy, the knowledge that is concentrated in it, allows you to develop a knowledge economy - a type of economy based on the use of this capital. The formation of human capital is associated with investment and high-quality modern education. Modernization of higher education is closely related to the use of information and communication technologies and the introduction of innovations. Distance education can be the beginning of a new stage of higher education. Methods: The method of observation, concretization and abstraction, comparative analysis, abstract-logical, economic-statistical, theoretical and practical assessment were used in the study of various aspects of the research. Findings & Value added: Large-scale reforms carried out in the state have led to an improvement in the standard of living of our society, and it has become possible to improve social infrastructure: housing, its construction, social and cultural facilities, health care systems, education, sports and fitness facilities, etc.

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Stone, Diane. "Banking on Knowledge: The Genesis of the Global Development Network". Info - The journal of policy, regulation and strategy for telecommunications 4, n. 6 (1 giugno 2002): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/146366902320943002.

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Zheng, Zhenxing, Gaoyun An, Dapeng Wu e Qiuqi Ruan. "Global and Local Knowledge-Aware Attention Network for Action Recognition". IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 32, n. 1 (gennaio 2021): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2020.2978613.

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Doerr, Martin, e Dolores Iorizzo. "The dream of a global knowledge network—A new approach". Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 1, n. 1 (giugno 2008): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1367080.1367085.

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McCall, Douglas S., Irving Rootman e Dale Bayley. "International School Health Network: an informal network for advocacy and knowledge exchange". Promotion & Education 12, n. 3-4 (settembre 2005): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10253823050120030121.

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In Canada, researchers, policy-makers and non-governmental organisations have re-conceptualized the school setting as being an ecological entity, linked to parallel ecologies of the homes and the community it serves. The school, public health and other systems that seek to deliver programs in that setting are open, loosely coupled and bureaucratic. This reconceived view of the school as a setting for health promotion leads to an emphasis on building organizational, system, professional and community capacity. One of the most effective ways of building such capacities when resources are scarce is to invest in a variety of formal and informal networks that can sustain themselves with little or no external resources. A number of recognised researchers from the health and education sectors have emphasized this systems-based approach and the need to build supportive, small-scale networks or learning communities. In recent health promotion research, networking at various levels, across sectors and within communities is viewed as a key strategy within new, more effective health promotion strategies. In education, the notion of networking for educational change has been described as "learning communities" for continuous school improvement. The authors suggest that this strategy of networking be used at the international level to address several global challenges: • There is no single, convenient way to obtain basic information about the status and nature of national and state/provincial school health programs around the world. • There is no global research agenda in school health promotion, despite the obvious value of sharing such research and knowledge. • There is no global mechanism to facilitate the development of common or shared tools for surveillance of child/youth health and monitoring of school health policies and programs, despite the excellent work being done in individual countries and by the European Network of Health Promoting Schools. • There is no international mechanism with a focus on school health that brings together the following stakeholders: educational organisations with public health organisations; researchers with government officials and practitioners; those who work in Spanish, English, French and other languages; issue-specific networks with health generalists. An invitation is given to government officials, researchers and national school health associations to join an informal International School Health Network (ISHN} (soon available at: www.internationalschoolhealt.org}. Discussions about the formation of the ISHN have been held with a number of participants at several international meetings and have culminated in a fledgling network that will focus on electronic and web-based exchanges of information, developing a global school health research agenda, exchanging effective materials and tools, informing policy-makers about effective practices, policies and programs. This network would build on and not duplicate the work of existing networks and include participation from WHO, OECD, UNESCO, the IUHPE and the World Bank. The next large meeting of the ISHN will occur at the IUHPE 2007 Conference in Vancouver, Canada (www.iuhpe conference.org). Before then the ISHN will organise several on-line projects and teleconferences. For more information, contact dmccall@jcsh-cces.ca

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Kurtoglu, Deniz, Tansel Yucelen e Emre Yildirim. "Multiagent Networks with a Misbehaving Node: Control without the Knowledge of Global Network Objective*". IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, n. 13 (2022): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.260.

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Zhou, Bojun, Jiahao Zhao, Chunkai Yan, Xinsong Zhang e Juping Gu. "Global and Local Knowledge Distillation Method for Few-Shot Classification of Electrical Equipment". Applied Sciences 13, n. 12 (10 giugno 2023): 7016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13127016.

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With the increasing utilization of intelligent mobile devices for online inspection of electrical equipment in smart grids, the limited computing power and storage capacity of these devices pose challenges for deploying large algorithm models, and it is also difficult to obtain a substantial number of images of electrical equipment in public. In this paper, we propose a novel distillation method that compresses the knowledge of teacher networks into a compact few-shot classification network, employing a global and local knowledge distillation strategy. Central to our method is exploiting the global and local relationships between the features exacted by the backbone of the teacher network and the student network. We compared our method with recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on three public datasets, and we achieved superior performance. Additionally, we contribute a new dataset, namely, EEI-100, which is specifically designed for electrical equipment image classification. We validated our method on this dataset and demonstrated its exceptional prediction accuracy of 94.12% when utilizing only 5-shot images.

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Sakata, Ichiro, Hajime Sasaki, Masanori Akiyama, Yuriko Sawatani, Naoki Shibata e Yuya Kajikawa. "Bibliometric analysis of service innovation research: Identifying knowledge domain and global network of knowledge". Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80, n. 6 (luglio 2013): 1085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.03.009.

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Read, Robyn. "Knowledge counts: Influential actors in the education for all global monitoring report knowledge network". International Journal of Educational Development 64 (gennaio 2019): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.11.006.

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Ding, Kaize, Yancheng Wang, Yingzhen Yang e Huan Liu. "Eliciting Structural and Semantic Global Knowledge in Unsupervised Graph Contrastive Learning". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, n. 6 (26 giugno 2023): 7378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i6.25898.

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Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has recently drawn much research interest for learning generalizable node representations in a self-supervised manner. In general, the contrastive learning process in GCL is performed on top of the representations learned by a graph neural network (GNN) backbone, which transforms and propagates the node contextual information based on its local neighborhoods. However, nodes sharing similar characteristics may not always be geographically close, which poses a great challenge for unsupervised GCL efforts due to their inherent limitations in capturing such global graph knowledge. In this work, we address their inherent limitations by proposing a simple yet effective framework -- Simple Neural Networks with Structural and Semantic Contrastive Learning} (S^3-CL). Notably, by virtue of the proposed structural and semantic contrastive learning algorithms, even a simple neural network can learn expressive node representations that preserve valuable global structural and semantic patterns. Our experiments demonstrate that the node representations learned by S^3-CL) achieve superior performance on different downstream tasks compared with the state-of-the-art unsupervised GCL methods. Implementation and more experimental details are publicly available at https://github.com/kaize0409/S-3-CL.

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Wu, Xiaobo, e Xuefeng Liu. "Absorptive capacity, network embeddedness and local firm's knowledge acquisition in the Global Manufacturing Network". International Journal of Technology Management 46, n. 3/4 (2009): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2009.023384.

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Ryan, Paul, Natasha Evers, Adele Smith e Svante Andersson. "Local horizontal network membership for accelerated global market reach". International Marketing Review 36, n. 1 (11 febbraio 2019): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2017-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how some born global firms can leverage the rich social capital in their local (home country) horizontal network for accelerated international market entry and growth. Horizontal networks warrant separate attention from their vertical counterparts, which, along with those focussed on external international contexts, dominate most network studies in the realm of born global research. Design/methodology/approach The study utilises a multi-level qualitative approach in the study of a multi-firm population of animators in Ireland that, due to the small domestic market for their product, needed to pursue global customers from inception. The case study domain was purposely selected as a critical exemplar of a local horizontal network operating in a highly globalised industry. The authors collected data through in-depth interviews with 16 company founders. This primary interview data were complemented by interviews with staff at the apposite industry association and triangulated with secondary data on the local and global industry conditions, members’ international successes and awards. Findings The results demonstrate how active membership of a local horizontal network can be leveraged for the acquisition of international market knowledge and customers for born global ventures. This arises from the sharing of collective market knowledge and communal global customer information within the network to mutual benefit. Originality/value Although limited by the specific conditions in this highly globalised, non-competitive industry context, this study is unique in that it finds that cooperative interpersonal and inter-firm relationships embedded in a local horizontal social network, and mediated in part by an institutional support actor, emerge as important levers for a born global’s accelerated acquisition of foreign market knowledge and of global customers.

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Haselip, James A., Thomas Hebo Larsen, Emmanuel K. Ackom, Gordon A. Mackenzie e John M. Christensen. "Reflections on experience with the global network on energy for sustainable development as a South–South global knowledge network". Energy for Sustainable Development 36 (febbraio 2017): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2016.11.002.

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Ratten, Vanessa, Joao Ferreira e Cristina Fernandes. "Entrepreneurial and network knowledge in emerging economies". Review of International Business and Strategy 26, n. 3 (5 settembre 2016): 392–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-11-2015-0076.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how entrepreneurs in emerging economies use their knowledge to help create new businesses and increase their profitability in the international marketplace. Emerging economies are playing an increasingly important part in the global marketplace, particularly in terms of how they use knowledge-based resources and entrepreneurial networks. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach of this paper is to analyse the entrepreneurial processes in emerging economies by using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) to evaluate whether the stage of economic development affects intention rates of individuals to start new businesses. Utilising a panel approach to evaluating entrepreneurial intention from 2009 to 2013, a number of hypotheses are tested to see how entrepreneurial knowledge and network knowledge affect the likelihood to engage in new business activity. Findings These hypotheses are analysed based on the economic development stage of a country. The findings of the hypotheses suggest that entrepreneurial and network knowledge can help determine an individual’s intention to start a business, but although network knowledge is related to economic development, entrepreneurial knowledge is not significant. Research limitations/implications The GEM report is helpful in seeing longitudinal changes in entrepreneurship from emerging economies. This helps increase research interest in emerging economies by encouraging more appropriate policy aimed at increasing new business creation. Practical implications Implications for entrepreneurs and public policymakers in emerging economies are stated, which suggest that it is important to foster entrepreneurship education. Suggestions for future research linking knowledge-based resources and entrepreneurial intentions in emerging economies are also highlighted. Originality/value The findings demonstrate that the propensity of individuals to engage in new business creation in emerging economies is different to those in developed countries because of funding constraints and lack of access to the appropriate skills.

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Di, Yuna, Yi Zhou, Lu Zhang, Galuh Syahbana Indraprahasta e Jinjin Cao. "Spatial Pattern and Evolution of Global Innovation Network from 2000 to 2019: Global Patent Dataset Perspective". Complexity 2022 (10 giugno 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5912696.

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In the era of the knowledge economy, the improvement of national innovation systems is playing a significant role in the global entrepreneurship ecosystem. Entrepreneurs are accelerating international intellectual property applications to be competitive. What remains to be explored is the evolution of international intellectual property network in the globe. With the application of social network analysis and intellectual property application database, the global innovation network structure from 2000 to 2019 is explored. Results showed that (1) in the period 2000–2019, the global innovation network has been expanding rapidly from a sparse network to a dense and complex one. (2) Patent application is unevenly distributed in the globe. Countries such as the US, China, and Canada have been the top countries flowing in, while Japan, Korea, EU, and Switzerland have been the main countries flowing out. (3) Global innovation network shows an obvious “core-periphery” pattern. The distribution pattern presents a quadrilateral structure with the four core regions of “US, Japan, EU, and China” as the apex. This analysis contributes to the visualization of the global layout of intellectual property and the evolution trend by analyzing intellectual property application networks. This can provide important experience reference for enterprises to study the global entrepreneurship ecosystem.

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HENNING, CHRISTIAN, e VOLKER SAGGAU. "NETWORKS, KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS OF FIRMS: SIMULATIONS IN AN EVOLUTIONARY FRAMEWORK". International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, n. 05 (ottobre 2013): 1340018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021987701340018x.

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Following modern innovation theory, this paper analyses in an evolutionary framework the impact of information network structures on firms' absorptive capacities and induced realization of technological progress (t.p.) in a finite set of firms. Main results of simulation analyses are: (i) At the macro-level average speed of firms' realized t.p. depends on global network structures, i.e. a high local size and centralization, but a low clustering of a networks. (ii) Networks are only important if firms' direct R&D activities are moderately successful. (iii) A free-rider problem arises, i.e. collectively, firms have high incentives to form interfirm network ties, but not individually.

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Barreau, Jocelyne, Christelle Havard e Angélique Ngaha Bah. "Global union federations and international framework agreements: Knowledge exchange and creation". European Journal of Industrial Relations 26, n. 1 (11 marzo 2019): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680119834170.

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International Framework Agreements negotiated between Global Union Federations and multinational companies are a major innovation which bring collective bargaining to an international level. We focus on the role of the union negotiators and analyse two cases, drawing on studies of innovation processes in business organizations. We identify types of learning processes and the exchange and creation of knowledge, and examine relations inside international trade union networks. We find that two conditions are necessary to develop an innovatory role: international unions must coordinate exchanges between different communities, holders and creators of specific union knowledge, and must also facilitate the dissemination of knowledge by maintaining the regularity and quality of exchanges between network members.

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Song, Jaeyong. "Evolution of Knowledge Sourcing and Creation Modes in the Global Network". korean management review 45, n. 4 (31 agosto 2016): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2016.45.4.1069.

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Herstad, Sverre J., Heidi Wiig Aslesen e Bernd Ebersberger. "On industrial knowledge bases, commercial opportunities and global innovation network linkages". Research Policy 43, n. 3 (aprile 2014): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.08.003.

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Khan, M. Imad, Yakov Frayman e Saeid Nahavandi. "Knowledge Extraction from a Mixed Transfer Function Artificial Neural Network". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 10, n. 3 (20 maggio 2006): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2006.p0295.

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One of the main problems with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is that their results are not intuitively clear. For example, commonly used hidden neurons with sigmoid activation function can approximate any continuous function, including linear functions, but the coefficients (weights) of this approximation are rather meaningless. To address this problem, current paper presents a novel kind of a neural network that uses transfer functions of various complexities in contrast to mono-transfer functions used in sigmoid and hyperbolic tangent networks. The presence of transfer functions of various complexities in a Mixed Transfer Functions Artificial Neural Network (MTFANN) allow easy conversion of the full model into user-friendly equation format (similar to that of linear regression) without any pruning or simplification of the model. At the same time, MTFANN maintains similar generalization ability to mono-transfer function networks in a global optimization context. The performance and knowledge extraction of MTFANN were evaluated on a realistic simulation of the Puma 560 robot arm and compared to sigmoid, hyperbolic tangent, linear and sinusoidal networks.

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Yu, Yong, Shudong Chen, Rong Du, Da Tong, Hao Xu e Shuai Chen. "MSEN: A Multi-Scale Evolutionary Network for Modeling the Evolution of Temporal Knowledge Graphs". Future Internet 15, n. 10 (30 settembre 2023): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15100327.

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Temporal knowledge graphs play an increasingly prominent role in scenarios such as social networks, finance, and smart cities. As such, research on temporal knowledge graphs continues to deepen. In particular, research on temporal knowledge graph reasoning holds great significance, as it can provide abundant knowledge for downstream tasks such as question answering and recommendation systems. Current reasoning research focuses primarily on interpolation and extrapolation. Extrapolation research aims to predict the likelihood of events occurring in future timestamps. Historical events are crucial for predicting future events. However, existing models struggle to fully capture the evolutionary characteristics of historical knowledge graphs. This paper proposes a multi-scale evolutionary network (MSEN) model that leverages Hierarchical Transfer aware Graph Neural Network (HT-GNN) in a local memory encoder to aggregate rich structural semantics from each timestamp’s knowledge graph. It also utilizes Time Related Graph Neural Network (TR-GNN) in a global memory encoder to model temporal-semantic dependencies of entities across the global knowledge graph, mining global evolutionary patterns. The model integrates information from both encoders to generate entity embeddings for predicting future events. The proposed MSEN model demonstrates strong performance compared to several baselines on typical benchmark datasets. Results show MSEN achieves the highest prediction accuracy.

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Shivarajan, Sridevi, e Aravind Srinivasan. "The Poor as Suppliers of Intellectual Property: A Social Network Approach to Sustainable Poverty Alleviation". Business Ethics Quarterly 23, n. 3 (luglio 2013): 381–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq201323326.

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ABSTRACT:We extend the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) poverty-alleviation approach by recognizing the poor as valuable suppliers—specifically of intellectual property. Although the poor possess huge reserves of intellectual property, they are unable to participate in global knowledge networks owing to their illiteracy and poverty. This is a crippling form of social exclusion in today’s growing knowledge economy because it adversely affects their capabilities for advancement at several levels. Providing the poor access to global knowledge networks as rightful participants—as suppliers of intellectual property—leads to poverty alleviation as a result of their increased social inclusion, not only through economic benefits, but also through the poor’s improved well-being as a result of their increased self-esteem and dignity. Using concepts from social network theory, we develop a poverty-alleviation approach to harness and integrate the intellectual property of the poor into global knowledge networks through trust-based partnerships among the poor, non-governmental organizations, and multinational corporations.

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N.Kh. Babakhanova, N. Kh, e Javid A. Jafarov. "Azerbaijan in the structure of the global network of scientific knowledge distribution: challenges of the post-soviet era". JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 7, n. 3 (20 novembre 2014): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2014/7-3/16.

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Hu, Yanqing, Shenggong Ji, Yuliang Jin, Ling Feng, H. Eugene Stanley e Shlomo Havlin. "Local structure can identify and quantify influential global spreaders in large scale social networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n. 29 (3 luglio 2018): 7468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710547115.

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Measuring and optimizing the influence of nodes in big-data online social networks are important for many practical applications, such as the viral marketing and the adoption of new products. As the viral spreading on a social network is a global process, it is commonly believed that measuring the influence of nodes inevitably requires the knowledge of the entire network. Using percolation theory, we show that the spreading process displays a nucleation behavior: Once a piece of information spreads from the seeds to more than a small characteristic number of nodes, it reaches a point of no return and will quickly reach the percolation cluster, regardless of the entire network structure; otherwise the spreading will be contained locally. Thus, we find that, without the knowledge of the entire network, any node’s global influence can be accurately measured using this characteristic number, which is independent of the network size. This motivates an efficient algorithm with constant time complexity on the long-standing problem of best seed spreaders selection, with performance remarkably close to the true optimum.

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Koehler, Karl A. "Inducing phase transitions in local innovation networks: Implications for state economic development". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 32, n. 8 (7 novembre 2017): 854–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094217739370.

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States can undertake innovation system network-focused actions to enhance their entrepreneurial networks. Actions directed primarily at creating transitions in their innovation network structure include: identifying the components and connectivity of the innovation network (persons, entities, businesses, etc.) and communicating with the network; establishing intermediary organizations (academies, roundtables, councils, etc.); establishing interfacial organizations to enhance information diffusion; and creating and supporting an Informatics HUB to facilitate network functions. Actions to enhance information access and communications within the innovation network include: ensuring local access to global information; supporting personal and business interactions within and outside of the local innovation system; supporting creation and maintenance of missing databases; supporting recruitment of talent in gap areas; and utilizing knowledge analytics to identify local overlaps with the global knowledge base. These are relatively inexpensive, but nonetheless challenging, alternatives to firm-level direct payments or incentives typically used by local governments. This Perspective briefly sketches the rationale behind these and related recommendations.

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Suarez Estrada, Marcela. "Exploring tensions in knowledge networks: Convergences and divergences from social capital, actor-network theory and sociologies of the south". Current Sociology 65, n. 6 (18 novembre 2016): 886–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392116676298.

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Knowledge networks have been discussed as mechanisms that facilitate access to resources and information. They are noted as organizations that promote the generation of new contacts and interactions between actors in order to produce knowledge that increases the speed and reliability of communication. They are also understood as platforms that encourage learning and knowledge coordination in order to advance technoscientific innovation processes. Despite these benefits, knowledge networks can engender areas of tension. The article examines the tensions in knowledge networks by analysing the theoretical convergences and divergences between social capital insights, actor-network theory and several contributions from the sociologies of the south. The following four categories are discussed: (1) hierarchy production; (2) blockages to the access to resources; (3) the spatialization of networks; and (4) the different ways of understanding power. The latter offer opportunities to make the tensions in knowledge networks visible. The article proposes initiating a discussion focused on the dynamic movement of asymmetries to analyse knowledge networks between the global North and the global South as entities that are in a process of constant negotiation.

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WU, XIAOBO, XUEFENG LIU e JIAN DU. "LOCAL FIRM'S KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION IN THE GLOBAL MANUFACTURING NETWORK: EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE SAMPLES". International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 04, n. 03 (settembre 2007): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877007001119.

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The Global Manufacturing Network (GMN) is a new manufacturing system, which provides great opportunities for local firms in developing countries to acquire knowledge and upgrade capabilities through collaborations in the GMN. This paper hypothesizes that local firm's potential absorptive capacity has a positive impact on its knowledge acquisition in the GMN, and the association between them is moderated by network embeddedness. Using data from Chinese manufacturing firms, this paper confirms the hypothesis that local firm's potential absorptive capacity can contribute to its knowledge acquisition in the GMN, and the hypothesis of the moderating effect of network embeddedness is partially supported by the results.

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Wilson, Kathryn, Cori Dennison, Bruce Struminger, Amy Armistad, Hanako Osuka, Eva Montoya, Maria Clara Padoveze, Sanjeev Arora, Benjamin Park e Fernanda C. Lessa. "Building a Virtual Global Knowledge Network During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: The Infection Prevention and Control Global Webinar Series". Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, Supplement_1 (15 luglio 2021): S98—S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab320.

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Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an unprecedented global health challenge. Traditional modes of knowledge dissemination have not been feasible. A rapid solution was needed to share guidance and implementation examples within the global infection prevention and control (IPC) community. We designed the IPC Global Webinar Series to bring together subject matter experts and IPC professionals in the fight against COVID-19. Methods The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model was adapted to create an interactive global knowledge network. Speakers and panelists provided presentations and answers to questions. Webinars were simultaneously interpreted into 5 languages and recorded for later access. Results Thirteen webinar sessions were completed from 14 May through 6 August 2020. On average, 634 participants attended each session (range, 393-1181). Each session was represented by participants from, on average, more than 100 countries. Conclusions Through the IPC Global Webinar Series, critical information was shared and peer-to-peer learning was promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic response. The webinar sessions reached a broader audience than many in-person events. The webinar series was rapidly scaled and can be rapidly reactivated as needed. Our lessons learned in designing and implementing the series can inform the design of other global health virtual knowledge networks. The continued and expanded use of adapted virtual communities of practice and other learning networks for the IPC community can serve as a valuable tool for addressing COVID-19 and other infectious disease threats. The infection prevention and control (IPC) Global Webinar Series convened subject matter experts and IPC professionals from more than 100 countries to establish a global learning community for COVID-19. We advocate for expanded use of virtual knowledge networks.

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Guo, Weisi, Marco Del Vecchio e Ganna Pogrebna. "Global network centrality of university rankings". Royal Society Open Science 4, n. 10 (ottobre 2017): 171172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171172.

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Universities and higher education institutions form an integral part of the national infrastructure and prestige. As academic research benefits increasingly from international exchange and cooperation, many universities have increased investment in improving and enabling their global connectivity. Yet, the relationship of university performance and its global physical connectedness has not been explored in detail. We conduct, to our knowledge, the first large-scale data-driven analysis into whether there is a correlation between university relative ranking performance and its global connectivity via the air transport network. The results show that local access to global hubs (as measured by air transport network betweenness ) strongly and positively correlates with the ranking growth (statistical significance in different models ranges between 5% and 1% level). We also found that the local airport’s aggregate flight paths ( degree ) and capacity ( weighted degree ) has no effect on university ranking, further showing that global connectivity distance is more important than the capacity of flight connections. We also examined the effect of local city economic development as a confounding variable and no effect was observed suggesting that access to global transportation hubs outweighs economic performance as a determinant of university ranking. The impact of this research is that we have determined the importance of the centrality of global connectivity and, hence, established initial evidence for further exploring potential connections between university ranking and regional investment policies on improving global connectivity.

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Škerlavaj, Miha, Vlado Dimovski e Kevin C. Desouza. "Patterns and Structures of Intra-organizational Learning Networks within a Knowledge-Intensive Organization". Journal of Information Technology 25, n. 2 (giugno 2010): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2010.3.

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This paper employs the network perspective to study patterns and structures of intra- organizational learning networks. The theoretical background draws from cognitive theories, theories of homophily and proximity, theories of social exchange, the theory of generalized exchange, small-worlds theory, and social process theory. The levels of analysis applied are actor, dyadic, triadic, and global. Confirmatory social network analysis (exponential random graph modeling) was employed for data analysis. Findings suggest: (1) central actors in the learning network are experienced and hold senior positions in the organizational hierarchy; (2) evidence of homophlly (In terms of gender, tenure, and hierarchical level relations) and proximity (In terms of geographical and departmental distances) in learning relationships; (3) learning relationships are non-reciprocal; and (4) transitivity and high local clustering with sparse inter-cluster ties are significant for intra-organizational learning networks.

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Li, Fei, Yan Chen e Yipeng Liu. "Integration modes, global networks, and knowledge diffusion in overseas M&As by emerging market firms". Journal of Knowledge Management 23, n. 7 (9 settembre 2019): 1289–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-03-2018-0204.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine how integration modes impact the acquirer knowledge diffusion capacity of overseas mergers and acquisitions (M&As) effected by emerging market firms and the role played by the global innovation network position of the acquiring firms in affecting this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Through the use of structural equation modelling and bootstrap testing, the hypotheses are tested by drawing upon a sample of 102 overseas M&As effected by listed Chinese manufacturing companies. Findings The results show that acquirers from emerging countries are unable to increase the knowledge diffusion capacity unless they choose the right post-merger integration mode. This paper also finds that the relationship between integration mode and knowledge diffusion is channelled through the centrality and structural holes of acquirers in the global innovation networks. When considering the combinations of different resource similarities and complementarities of the acquired firms, differences emerge in the integration model and network embedded path of acquirers in emerging countries. Practical implications Emerging market multinational enterprises should consider post-merger integration as a crucial facilitator to the crafting of global innovation network positions that promote knowledge diffusion. The choices of integration mode and brand management autonomy should be matched with the resource similarities and complementarities that exist between the acquirer and target firms. Originality/value Based on the resource orchestration theory and by focussing on network centrality and structural hole as the crucial links, this study provides a nuanced understanding of the relationship between post-merger integration and knowledge diffusion and sheds light on latecomer firms from emerging countries.

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Britto, Jorge, Leonardo Costa Ribeiro e Eduardo da Motta e. Albuquerque. "Networks of international knowledge flows". Revista Brasileira de Inovação 22 (23 ottobre 2023): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v22i00.8672922.

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Innovation systems, being dynamic structures tend to become progressively more globalized, reflecting the presence of a greater intensity of cross-border flows. This process is related to the emergence of a Global Innovation System (GIS). Our research investigates this structural transformation by focusing on international knowledge flows (IKFs). To integrate this investigation with the previous literature on national innovation systems (NISs), we examine international knowledge flows connecting institutions (firms, universities, research institutes, hospitals) from different NISs. Among possible IKFs types, we focus on those created by patent citations - of other patents or scientific articles - and scientific co-authorships. We represent the institutions and the IKFs they create as networks where the nodes are the institutions and the links connecting these nodes are the IKFs. We organize the network in three layers according to the type of IKF that connects the institutions: scientific collaboration, patent citation or article citation in patents. We have divided this paper into six sections. The first presents our theoretical background. The second discusses the characteristics and properties of complex networks and complex systems. The third discusses some characteristics of multilayer networks, a concept used as an analytical tool to develop the empirical analysis. The fourth deals with data and methodology. The fifth analyses the structure of the three network layers, their entanglement and multiplex properties, as well as the institutions connecting them. The sixth and conclusive section discusses how those findings improve the understanding of an emerging GIS.

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Radomsky, Guilherme Francisco Waterloo, e Ondina Fachel Leal. "From the production of rules to seed production: Global Intellectual Property and local knowledge". Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 9, n. 1 (giugno 2012): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412012000100015.

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This paper analyzes the links and overlappings between traditional knowledge and biodiversity in the context of ecological family farming in southern Brazil. The data presented are part of an ethnographic study carried out among a network of ecological farmers, Ecovida, in the west of Santa Catarina state. The current global patent regime, most prominently the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), has had direct effects on seed production and agricultural food crops. In a scenario of increasing creation of patents, patent regulations, provisions on cultivars (plant varieties and seed breeding) and a number of other global trade control mechanisms, family farmers and other related social actors have rejected the multilateral development agencies' notion of life as "resource". This study has a two-fold aim: first, it approaches the international context of the intellectual property regime on biodiversity and knowledge production; second, it examines the actions taken by farmers participating in the Ecovida network toward creating alternative ways of managing knowledge to produce "free" seeds. As an outcome, there is a parallel political action of criticism and resistance to the current narrowing of agriculture's genetic base, and organized efforts to multiply seeds, know-how and knowledge through networks, banks and centers of agro-biodiversity. Our central argument is that all these social actors - who make up the so-called ecological network and who seek, in their activities, to carry on the multiplication and variability of seeds and promote the diversity of knowledge to produce diverse seeds - are also creating collective strategies of social resistance vis-à-vis the prevailing global modes of controlling knowledge, seeds and food production.

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Park, Heewon, Koji Maruhashi, Rui Yamaguchi, Seiya Imoto e Satoru Miyano. "Global gene network exploration based on explainable artificial intelligence approach". PLOS ONE 15, n. 11 (6 novembre 2020): e0241508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241508.

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In recent years, personalized gene regulatory networks have received significant attention, and interpretation of the multilayer networks has been a critical issue for a comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory systems. Although several statistical and machine learning approaches have been developed and applied to reveal sample-specific regulatory pathways, integrative understanding of the massive multilayer networks remains a challenge. To resolve this problem, we propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI) strategy for comprehensive gene regulatory network analysis. In our strategy, personalized gene networks corresponding specific clinical characteristic are constructed and the constructed network is considered as a second-order tensor. Then, an explainable AI method based on deep learning is applied to decompose the multilayer networks, thus we can reveal all-encompassing gene regulatory systems characterized by clinical features of patients. To evaluate the proposed methodology, we apply our method to the multilayer gene networks under varying conditions of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. From the comprehensive analysis of multilayer networks, we identified novel markers, and the biological mechanisms of the identified genes and their reciprocal mechanisms are verified through the literature. Although any biological knowledge about the identified genes was not incorporated in our analysis, our data-driven approach based on AI approach provides biologically reliable results. Furthermore, the results provide crucial evidences to reveal biological mechanism related to various diseases, e.g., keratinocyte proliferation. The use of explainable AI method based on the tensor decomposition enables us to reveal global and novel mechanisms of gene regulatory system from the massive multiple networks, which cannot be demonstrated by existing methods. We expect that the proposed method provides a new insight into network biology and it will be a useful tool to integrative gene network analysis related complex architectures of diseases.

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Stöber, Lea F., Marius Boesino, Andreas Pyka e Franziska Schuenemann. "Bioeconomy Innovation Networks in Urban Regions: The Case of Stuttgart". Land 12, n. 4 (21 aprile 2023): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040935.

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For a successful transformation towards a sustainable bioeconomy, cooperative knowledge creation leading to innovations through research at the company and academic level are important. Urban regions are the centre of economic and research activities. The example of the region of Stuttgart, which aims to complement its mature industrial structure with new opportunities related to the knowledge-based bioeconomy, is an interesting case for the application of social network analysis to shed light on the dynamics of innovation networks to support the transformation of urban regions. As with smaller spatial levels of observation connectivity in network decreases, we find a scale-free network structure for the supra-regional network and a star-like network structure for the regional network, with two universities and one transfer-oriented research institutes at the core. While research collaborations beyond regional borders and across different industries foster knowledge co-creation, the central actors can be recognized as gatekeepers who dominantly influence knowledge flows. To potentially strengthen the resilience of the network, policy and industry associations serving as network facilitators can foster collaboration between periphery actors. The case of the Stuttgart region impressively illustrates the opportunities of the knowledge-based bioeconomy for urban regions and the complementary role traditional manufacturing sectors can take in the transformation towards higher degrees of sustainability.

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