Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Global environmental change – remote sensing"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Global environmental change – remote sensing"
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Brewer, T. "Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change". Soil Use and Management 28, n. 2 (4 aprile 2012): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00395.x.
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Yingshi, Zhao. "Remote Sensing for Global Environmental Change". National Remote Sensing Bulletin, n. 3 (1991): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.1991028.
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KLEMAS, VICTOR V. "Remote Sensing of Landscape-Level Coastal Environmental Indicators". Environmental Management 27, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2001): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002670010133.
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Zhang, Xinkai, e Jie Yin. "Application of sea surface temperature remote sensing data in environmental assessment of fishing grounds". Transactions on Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research 3 (10 aprile 2024): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/fpa2dm58.
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This article provides a comprehensive discussion of the application and importance of sea surface temperature (SST) remote sensing data in environmental assessment of fisheries. By analysing the collection, processing and practical application of SST data, the article demonstrates how this technology can help scientists and fisheries managers to better understand the impacts of ocean temperature changes on fisheries resources and its role in ensuring the sustainability of global fisheries. The article begins by describing the importance of the marine environment to fishery resources and explains the development of SST remote sensing technology and its application to fishery location and environmental monitoring. The article then discusses in detail the application of SST data in practical fisheries management, in particular how it can help predict fish migration, optimise fishing activities, and assess the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. In addition, the article explores the main challenges faced when applying SST data, such as technical limitations, complexity of data interpretation, and unequal access on a global scale. Overall, this article highlights the indispensable role of SST remote sensing data in modern fisheries management, while also pointing out the limitations of its application and future directions. With the continuous advancement of remote sensing technology and the ongoing impact of global climate change, SST data are expected to play an increasingly important role in future fisheries environmental assessment and resource management.
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Balzter, Heiko. "Remote sensing and global environmental change, by Samuel Purkis and Victor Klemas". International Journal of Geographical Information Science 27, n. 8 (18 aprile 2013): 1688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2013.780608.
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Lee, Jae K., J. C. Randolph, Kamlesh P. Lulla e Michael R. Helfert. "Interfacing remote sensing and geographic information systems for global environmental change research". Geocarto International 8, n. 4 (dicembre 1993): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049309354426.
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Gaulton, Rachel. "Remote sensing and global environmental change, by S. Purkis and V. Klemas". International Journal of Remote Sensing 34, n. 2 (18 settembre 2012): 751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.714921.
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Zhang, Hengpan, e Jiahua Li. "Application and progress of water colour remote sensing technology in monitoring chlorophyll concentration changes in seawater". Transactions on Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research 3 (10 aprile 2024): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/vag1mq54.
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This paper provides an in-depth discussion on the application and progress of water colour remote sensing technology in monitoring changes in chlorophyll concentration in seawater. The hydrochromatic remote sensing technique uses spectral data acquired by remote sensing satellites and airborne platforms to monitor and analyse the distribution of marine chlorophyll, which is of great significance for understanding and protecting marine ecosystems. The article first introduces the basic principles and development history of this technology, and then discusses in detail its applications in global ocean monitoring, including resource management, environmental assessment, and ecological protection. In the discussion, we highlight the advantages of water colour remote sensing technology in providing large-scale and efficient ocean monitoring, while also pointing out the challenges it faces in terms of data accuracy, atmospheric disturbance handling and algorithm development. In particular, these challenges are gradually being overcome with the application of advanced computational techniques, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, resulting in significant improvements in monitoring accuracy and efficiency. Finally, this paper looks at the future direction of water colour remote sensing technology, including technological innovation, data integration and interdisciplinary collaboration, highlighting the potential value of this technology in addressing global climate change and marine environmental protection. Through this comprehensive analysis, we have gained a deeper understanding and appreciation of the important role of water colour remote sensing technology in global ocean monitoring and management.
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Sun, Qiong, Chi Zhang, Min Liu e Yongjing Zhang. "Land use and land cover change based on historical space–time model". Solid Earth 7, n. 5 (27 settembre 2016): 1395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1395-2016.
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Abstract. Land use and cover change is a leading edge topic in the current research field of global environmental changes and case study of typical areas is an important approach understanding global environmental changes. Taking the Qiantang River (Zhejiang, China) as an example, this study explores automatic classification of land use using remote sensing technology and analyzes historical space–time change by remote sensing monitoring. This study combines spectral angle mapping (SAM) with multi-source information and creates a convenient and efficient high-precision land use computer automatic classification method which meets the application requirements and is suitable for complex landform of the studied area. This work analyzes the histological space–time characteristics of land use and cover change in the Qiantang River basin in 2001, 2007 and 2014, in order to (i) verify the feasibility of studying land use change with remote sensing technology, (ii) accurately understand the change of land use and cover as well as historical space–time evolution trend, (iii) provide a realistic basis for the sustainable development of the Qiantang River basin and (iv) provide a strong information support and new research method for optimizing the Qiantang River land use structure and achieving optimal allocation of land resources and scientific management.
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Pettorelli, Nathalie, Kamran Safi e Woody Turner. "Satellite remote sensing, biodiversity research and conservation of the future". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, n. 1643 (26 maggio 2014): 20130190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0190.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Assessing and predicting ecosystem responses to global environmental change and its impacts on human well-being are high priority targets for the scientific community. The potential for synergies between remote sensing science and ecology, especially satellite remote sensing and conservation biology, has been highlighted by many in the past. Yet, the two research communities have only recently begun to coordinate their agendas. Such synchronization is the key to improving the potential for satellite data effectively to support future environmental management decision-making processes. With this themed issue, we aim to illustrate how integrating remote sensing into ecological research promotes a better understanding of the mechanisms shaping current changes in biodiversity patterns and improves conservation efforts. Added benefits include fostering innovation, generating new research directions in both disciplines and the development of new satellite remote sensing products.
Tesi sul tema "Global environmental change – remote sensing"
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Miles, Luke G. "Global Digital Elevation Model Accuracy Assessment in the Himalaya, Nepal". TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1313.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are digital representations of surface topography or terrain. Collection of DEM data can be done directly through surveying and taking ground control point (GCP) data in the field or indirectly with remote sensing using a variety of techniques. The accuracies of DEM data can be problematic, especially in rugged terrain or when differing data acquisition techniques are combined. For the present study, ground data were taken in various protected areas in the mountainous regions of Nepal. Elevation, slope, and aspect were measured at nearly 2000 locations. These ground data were imported into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and compared to DEMs created by NASA researchers using two data sources: the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (STRM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Slope and aspect were generated within a GIS and compared to the GCP ground reference data to evaluate the accuracy of the satellitederived DEMs, and to determine the utility of elevation and derived slope and aspect for research such as vegetation analysis and erosion management. The SRTM and ASTER DEMs each have benefits and drawbacks for various uses in environmental research, but generally the SRTM system was superior. Future research should focus on refining these methods to increase error discrimination.
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Deer, Peter. "Change detection in remote sensing using supervised fuzzy classification". Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19340.
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Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geography and Dept. of Computer Science, 1999
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Ayanlade, Ayansina. "Remote sensing of environmental change in the Niger Delta, Nigeria". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/remote-sensing-of-environmental-change-in-the-niger-delta-nigeria(b649a1f9-8c35-45d5-94ab-3107e4c3b0aa).html.
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This study examines landuse change (LUC) in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, focusing on the drivers of change and the societal implications on the people in the Delta. This study applies both remote sensing and social research methods to evaluate the spatial and temporal change in landuse, population change, deforestation, and degradation within forest reserves; and the impacts of oil production and the effects of the changes on the Delta. A time series of Landsat TM images was used over the period from 1984 to 2011. The study evaluates a number of classification and post-classification change detection methods to examine LUC, while NDVI is used to monitor the degradation of forests. Accuracy assessment shows that Maximum Likelihood (ML) is the most accurate method, but results were still error prone. To improve classification accuracy, a Decision Tree Reclassification (DTR) method was developed that uses prior classifications and simple rules of those LUCs, which occur over time and those that do not. DTR improves the overall accuracy of the classification from 62% to 89%. The social methods used a mixed-method approach (questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions). The methods were carefully selected and used to help explain the results of findings from remote sensing. The results are presented in two phases: (1) results of remote sensing showing the overall changes in the entire Niger Delta and specific case studies (2) results of social science survey showing the drivers of changes and their environmental and societal implications on the people in the Delta. The results show that nearly 9000 km2 forest has been lost in the Niger Delta region between 1984 and 2011, but the extent of deforestation varies from one forest type to another. Lowland rainforest is more exploited than freshwater swamp forest and mangrove forests, with approximately 40% of lowland rainforest areas lost. The urban areas expand by about 50% in lowland rainforest, but less urban expansion is noted in freshwater swamp forest (16%) and mangrove forest (38%). The study finds that assessing oil spill impacts using Landsat TM was not possible, but that oil production infrastructures (e.g. construction of canals) can be an important cause of deforestation in the Delta in exceptional cases. This is evident in the mangroves around Tsekelewu that are reduced from 200km2 in 1984 to 114km2 in 1987, because of the construction of artificial canals that have promoted regular inflow of seawater and the consequent destruction of freshwater mangroves. The results from social survey show also the drivers of LUC and deforestation in the Delta are probably multiphase including unenforced forest protection laws; corruption at all levels; pressure of immigration and increasing population; and indifference of local people to the state of the forest around them.
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Wright, Graeme L. "Multiscale remote sensing for assessment of environmental change in the rural-urban fringe". Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this study was to investigate the application of multiscale satellite remote sensing data for assessment of land cover change in the rural-urban fringe. Inherent in this assessment process was the interpretation of multispectral data collected by several medium resolution satellite systems and evaluation of the quality of the resulting change information. Each dataset was acquired for a single date and classified at two levels of detail using standard classification algorithms. The optimum classification approach for each date was identified and the changes in land cover evaluated in several ways. The contribution of spatial and thematic errors and their propagation through the analysis process was investigated.Data for this research were acquired over an area approximately 4.5 km square located in the southern metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. At the time of the initial data acquisition in 1972 the area was predominantly rural and comprised mostly dense pine plantations, however by the final stages of data acquisition in 1991, the area was almost completely given over to urban residential land use. Changes were interpreted from classified Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT (System Pour l'Observation de la Terre) High Resolution Visible (HRV) multispectral data, and were compared to reference maps compiled from medium scale aerial photographs. The geometric properties of high resolution panchromatic IRS1-D data were also evaluated to test the geometric potential of high resolution satellite data.Supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms were used for derivation of land cover maps from each multispectral dataset at two levels of detail. Data were classified onto four general levels at the broadest (Level I) classification, and into nine levels at the finest (Level II) classification. The Kappa statistic and its variance were used to determine the optimum classification approach for each dataset and at each level of detail. No significant differences were observed between classification techniques at Level I, however at Level II the supervised classification approach produced significantly better results for the Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data. Classification at the more general Level I did not produce substantially higher classification rates compared to the same data at Level II. Additionally, higher spatial resolution data did not provide increased accuracy, however this was due mainly to a much greater complexity of land covers present at the time the higher resolution Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data were recorded.Land cover changes were assessed separately at Level I for all datasets, and also between Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data at Level II. Integrated multiscale assessment of land cover change was undertaken using classified Landsat MSS data at Level I and Landsat TM data at Level 11. This enabled the continuity of change to be established across classification levels and sensor systems, even though there were variations in the level of detail extracted from each image.The sources of spatial and thematic errors in the data were investigated and their effects on change assessment analysed. The evaluation of high resolution panchromatic satellite data emphasised the contribution to the analysis of spatial errors contained within the reference data. The multiscale data also indicated that combined propagation of spatial and thematic errors requires investigation using appropriate simulation modelling to establish the influence of data uncertainty on classification and change assessment results.This research provides useful results for demonstrating a process for the integration of information derived from remotely sensed data at different measurement scales. Availability of data from an increasing range of remote sensing platforms and uncertainty of long term data availability emphasises the need to develop flexible interpretation and analysis approaches. This research adds value to the existing data archive by demonstrating how historical data may be integrated regardless of the spectral and spatial characteristics of the sensors.
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Wright, Graeme L. "Multiscale remote sensing for assessment of environmental change in the rural-urban fringe". Curtin University of Technology, School of Spatial Sciences, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10384.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this study was to investigate the application of multiscale satellite remote sensing data for assessment of land cover change in the rural-urban fringe. Inherent in this assessment process was the interpretation of multispectral data collected by several medium resolution satellite systems and evaluation of the quality of the resulting change information. Each dataset was acquired for a single date and classified at two levels of detail using standard classification algorithms. The optimum classification approach for each date was identified and the changes in land cover evaluated in several ways. The contribution of spatial and thematic errors and their propagation through the analysis process was investigated.Data for this research were acquired over an area approximately 4.5 km square located in the southern metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. At the time of the initial data acquisition in 1972 the area was predominantly rural and comprised mostly dense pine plantations, however by the final stages of data acquisition in 1991, the area was almost completely given over to urban residential land use. Changes were interpreted from classified Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT (System Pour l'Observation de la Terre) High Resolution Visible (HRV) multispectral data, and were compared to reference maps compiled from medium scale aerial photographs. The geometric properties of high resolution panchromatic IRS1-D data were also evaluated to test the geometric potential of high resolution satellite data.Supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms were used for derivation of land cover maps from each multispectral dataset at two levels of detail. Data were classified onto four general levels at the broadest (Level I) classification, and into nine levels at the finest (Level II) classification. The ++Kappa statistic and its variance were used to determine the optimum classification approach for each dataset and at each level of detail. No significant differences were observed between classification techniques at Level I, however at Level II the supervised classification approach produced significantly better results for the Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data. Classification at the more general Level I did not produce substantially higher classification rates compared to the same data at Level II. Additionally, higher spatial resolution data did not provide increased accuracy, however this was due mainly to a much greater complexity of land covers present at the time the higher resolution Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data were recorded.Land cover changes were assessed separately at Level I for all datasets, and also between Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data at Level II. Integrated multiscale assessment of land cover change was undertaken using classified Landsat MSS data at Level I and Landsat TM data at Level 11. This enabled the continuity of change to be established across classification levels and sensor systems, even though there were variations in the level of detail extracted from each image.The sources of spatial and thematic errors in the data were investigated and their effects on change assessment analysed. The evaluation of high resolution panchromatic satellite data emphasised the contribution to the analysis of spatial errors contained within the reference data. The multiscale data also indicated that combined propagation of spatial and thematic errors requires investigation using appropriate simulation modelling to establish the influence of data uncertainty on classification and change assessment results.This research provides useful results for demonstrating a process for the integration of information derived from remotely sensed data at different measurement ++
scales. Availability of data from an increasing range of remote sensing platforms and uncertainty of long term data availability emphasises the need to develop flexible interpretation and analysis approaches. This research adds value to the existing data archive by demonstrating how historical data may be integrated regardless of the spectral and spatial characteristics of the sensors.
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Ly, Jennifer K. "Coastal change analysis of Lovells Island using high resolution ground based LiDAR imagery". Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1566549.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many methods have been employed to study coastline change. These methods range from historical map analysis to GPS surveys to modern airborne LiDAR and satellite imagery. These previously used methods can be time consuming, labor intensive, and expensive and have varying degrees of accuracy and temporal coverage. Additionally, it is often difficult to apply such techniques in direct response to an isolated event within an appropriate temporal framework. Here we utilize a new ground based Canopy Biomass LiDAR (CBL) system built at The University of Massachusetts Boston (in collaboration with the Rochester Institute of Technology) in order to identify and analyze coastal change on Lovells Island, Boston Harbor. Surveys of a bluff developing in an eroding drumlin and beach cusps on a high-energy cobble beach on Lovells Island were conducted in June, September and December of 2013. At each site for each survey, the CBL was set up and multiple scans of each feature were taken on a predetermined transect that was established parallel to the high-water mark at distances relative to the scale of the bluff and cusps. The scans from each feature were compiled, integrated and visualized using Meshlab. Results from our surveys indicate that the highly portable and easy to deploy CBL system produces images of exceptional clarity, with the capacity to resolve small-scale changes to coastal features and systems. The CBL, while still under development (and coastal surveying protocols with it are just being established), appears to be an ideal tool for analyzing coastal geological features and is anticipated to prove to be a useful tool for the observation and analysis of coastal change. Furthermore, there is significant potential for utilizing the low cost ultra-portable CBL in frequent deployments to develop small-scale erosion rate and sediment budget analyses.
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Rufin, Philippe. "A global to regional scale assessment of dam-induced agricultural change by means of remote sensing". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20125.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Landwirtschaftliche Produktionssysteme basieren in vielen Weltregionen auf dem Einsatz von Bewässerung. Staudämme stellen einen Großteil der benötigten Wasserressourcen, jedoch wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Staudämmen und Veränderungen im Landsystem bis heute kaum erforscht. Im Hinblick auf die steigende Nachfrage nach landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnissen bedarf es eines besseren Verständnisses des Zusammenhangs zwischen Staudämmen, Bewässerung und landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssystemen. Daten und Methoden der Fernerkundung liefern synoptische und räumlich detaillierte Aufnahmen der Erdoberfläche mit großem Potential für die Untersuchung von landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssystemen. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war es, das gegenwärtige Verständnis des Zusammenhangs von Bewässerungsstaudämmen und Landsystemen mit Mitteln der Fernerkundung zu verbessern. In dieser Arbeit wurden großflächige Beschreibungen globaler und regionaler Agrarsysteme generiert, welche nachdrücklich das Potential von Daten und Methoden aus der Fernerkundung hervorheben. Das hohe thematische, räumliche und zeitliche Detail der Ergebnisse erlaubte einzigartige Einblicke in die raumzeitlichen Dynamiken von Bewässerungsfeldwirtschaft. Die im Zuge dieser Arbeit entstandenen Ergebnisse, Methoden, und Datensätze tragen maßgeblich zum heutigen Wissensstand in Bezug auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Bewässerungsstaudämmen und Landnutzungsintensität bei und liefern wichtige Einblicke zur Verbesserung zukünftiger Produktionsstrukturen.A growing world population, and increasing demands for food, feed, fuel and fiber, substantially add pressure on the global land system. The construction of dams is a common strategy for boosting production outputs through irrigation. Reservoirs represent the most important source of irrigation water globally, but their effects on agricultural land systems are only poorly understood. Remote sensing emerges as a key tool for enabling spatially explicit assessments of dam-induced land system change due to its ability to provide spatially detailed, frequent, and synoptic observations of the land surface. The overall goal of this thesis was to assess the effects of irrigation dams on agricultural land systems on a global and regional scale, by making use of state-of-the art remote sensing data products and methods. A synthesis of the current scientific literature offered primary insights into dam-induced changes in agricultural systems, and raised the hypothesis that irrigation dams caused overall increases in agricultural land use intensity. On a global scale, satellite-based measurements of cropping frequency derived from MODIS-based map products attested to this finding, albeit a strong regional variability was apparent. Landsat-based time series methods were used on a national to regional scale, which further revealed strong spatio-temporal dynamics of irrigated agriculture. The results of this thesis add knowledge and spatially explicit insights on the effects of dams on agricultural land systems. The work further emphasizes the important role of remote sensing technologies in exploring future pathways of agricultural intensification.
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Shipigina, Ekaterina. "Remote sensing methods for environmental monitoring of human impact on sub-Arctic ecosystems in Europe". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268066.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The role and scale of human impact on the global environment is a question of special importance to the scientific community and the world as a whole. This impact has dramatically increased since the beginning of industrialisation, yet its understanding remains patchy. The sub-Arctic plays a central role in forming the global environment due to the vast territory of boreal forest and tundra. Severe climatic conditions make its ecosystems highly sensitive to any natural and human disturbances. In this context, the dynamics of boreal vegetation, and of the forest/tundra interface (the treeline), is the most representative indicator of environmental changes in the sub-Arctic. For some time now, monitoring land cover and vegetation changes using remote sensing techniques have been a powerful method for studying human impact on environment from landscape to global scales. It is particularly efficient when applied to the sub-Arctic ecosystems. Remote sensing gives access to accurate and specific information about distant and hard-to-reach areas across forest and tundra. Despite all the e orts, there is a lack of uniformity in studying human impact, a shortage of mapping of impact over large territories and a lack of understanding of the relation between human activity and environmental response. This dissertation develops a systematic approach to monitoring land cover and vegetation changes under human impact over northern Fennoscandia. The study area extends north and south of the treeline and covers around 400,000km2 reaching from Finnmark in Norway, through Norrbotten in Sweden, Lapland in Finland up to the Murmansk region in Russia. This is the most populated and industrially developed region of the whole sub-Arctic and, therefore, suffering most from human impact. This dissertation identifies industrial atmospheric pollution, reindeer herding, forest logging, forest fires and infrastructure development as the primary types of human impact close to the treeline. For each type characteristic hotspots are identified and human impact is analysed in the context of physical environment as well as cultural, economical and political development of the area. This dissertation presents an automated workflow enabling large-scale land cover mapping in northern Fennoscandia with high throughput. It starts with automated image pre-processing using image metadata and ends with automated mapping of classification results. A single classifier for multispectral Landsat data is trained on extensive field data collected across the whole region. Open source tools are used extensively to set up the processing scripts enabling rapid and reproducible analysis. Using the developed advanced remote sensing methodology land cover maps are constructed for all identified hotspots and types of human impact. Changes in vegetation are analysed using three or four historical land cover maps for each hotspot. More than 35 Landsat TM and ETM+ images covering the period from the 1980s until 2011 are processed in an automated manner. A strong correlation between the level of impact and the scale of vegetation change is confirmed and analysed. The structure and dynamics of the local treeline and the quality of environment are analysed and assessed in the context of changing levels of impact at each hotspot and regionally.
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Zhu, Kefeng. "Application of Satellite Remote Sensing on Mountain Glacier and Coastal Zone Classification And Monitoring in South Asia". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437652636.
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Valdez-Zamudio, Diego 1953. "Land cover and land use change detection in northwestern Sonora, Mexico using geographic information system and remote sensing techniques". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278469.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques have proved to be effective tools to detect, analyze, and evaluate land cover and land use changes over time. In this research project, changes in land cover and land use were detected in northwestern Sonora, Mexico between 1972 and 1992 using Landsat MSS imagery. About 40% of the entire land cover in the study area changed during that period of time. Of the six classes assigned to the imagery, cropland had the highest rate of change being modified into riparian areas by more than 60%, more than 20% into plains vegetation, and about 8% into bajadas with vegetation. From the two classification methods utilized in this study, the seeding pixels method yielded an over all accuracy over 96%, while the seeking polygons method generated overall accuracy values smaller than 82% probably to user's error.
Libri sul tema "Global environmental change – remote sensing"
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V, Klemas, a cura di. Remote sensing and global environmental change. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.
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Kondratʹev, K. I͡A. Global change and remote sensing. Chichester: Wiley, 1996.
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A, Buznikov A., e Pokrovskiĭ O. M, a cura di. Global change and remote sensing. Chichester: Wiley, 1996.
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Ramachandran, Bhaskar, Christopher O. Justice e Michael J. Abrams, a cura di. Land Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7.
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Alfredo, Huete, a cura di. Fundamentals of satellite remote sensing. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2010.
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Chuvieco, Emilio. Fundamentals of satellite remote sensing. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.
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Chuvieco, Emilio. Fundamentals of satellite remote sensing. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2010.
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1955-, Singh Ram Babu, e International Seminar on "Monitoring Geosystems-Perspectives for the 21st Century" (1991 : University of Delhi), a cura di. Global environmental change: Perspectives of remote sensing and geographic information system. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1995.
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Emilio, Chuvieco Salinero, a cura di. Earth observation of global change: The role of satellite remote sensing in monitoring global environment. [New York]: Springer, 2008.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Global environmental change – remote sensing"
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Remote sensing basics". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 6–17. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch2.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Remote sensing of urban environments". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 91–121. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch6.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Remote sensors and systems". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 18–39. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch3.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Monitoring changes in global vegetation cover". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 63–90. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch5.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Effective communication of global change information using remote sensing". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 296–302. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch13.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Introduction". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 1–5. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch1.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Observing the oceans". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 204–40. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch10.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Monitoring Earth's atmosphere". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 241–71. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch11.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Observing the cryosphere". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 272–95. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch12.
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Purkis, Samuel, e Victor Klemas. "Looking ahead: future developments". In Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 303–15. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687659.ch14.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Global environmental change – remote sensing"
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Honda, Y., H. Yamamoto, M. Hori, H. Murakami e N. Kikuchi. "The possibility of SGLI/GCOM-C for global environment change monitoring". In Remote Sensing, a cura di Roland Meynart, Steven P. Neeck e Haruhisa Shimoda. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.689457.
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Vazquez, Gabriel J. "FTIR remote sensing of atmospheric species: application to global change and air pollution". In Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring, a cura di Orman A. Simpson. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.210824.
Testo completo
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Chen, Meixiang, Peidong He, Juan Li e Wei Tan. "Contribution of the steric and ocean mass change to the global sea level change since 2003". In The International Conference on Remote Sensing,Environment and Transportation Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rsete.2013.225.
Testo completo
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Heaps, William S., e Paul D. Guthrie. "A Balloon Borne Ozone Profiler with Variable Footprint". In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.wd14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The global view of the earth provided by satellite borne instruments is crucial if we are to understand and respond correctly to the growing number of environmental threats posed by man's varied activities upon the planet, however, in order to made the fullest use of the information gleaned from satellites it is necessary that the performance of these space borne sensors can be verified. An instrument in space is subject too many environmental extremes--heat, cold, solar and cosmic radiation to name a few. Any or all of these have the potential to affect the performance of the satellite instrument producing changes in the calibration which destroy the utility of the long term view of the globe otherwise afforded.
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Diner, David J. "Atmospheric Remote Sensing with the Eos Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer". In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.md5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) experiment is an Instrument Investigation selected for flight aboard the first NASA Earth Observing System polar platform, Eos-A. The purpose of the MISR investigation is to study the effects of geophysical processes and human activities on the Earth’s ecology and climate. Scientific objectives include study of the climatic and environmental impacts of atmospheric aerosols, characterization of heterogeneous cloud fields and their impact on the shortwave radiation budget, and investigation of biosphere-atmosphere interactions and ecosystem change. A detailed understanding of the causes and effects of regional and global change will require long-term monitoring of the Earth system. MISR is a unique component of the Eos instrument suite in that it will systematically acquire multispectral images of the angular reflectance signatures of terrestrial scenes. Theoretical simulations, ground-based measurements, and remotely-sensed observations of aerosol-laden atmospheres, cloud fields, and vegetated landscapes demonstrate the necessity of multi-angle data for climatological and biogeophysical studies. While the spectral coverage and resolution of nadir-viewing imaging spectrometers provide invaluable information on chemical composition, the angular variation of reflectance furnishes the means of inferring physical quantities related to geometric and optical structure, radiative energy transfer, and biosphere-atmosphere mass exchange.
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Hilsenrath, Ernest. "Calibration of Long Term Satellite Ozone Data Sets Using the Space Shuttle". In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.wa6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Trends in atmospheric ozone continue to be an environmental concern. Drifts in satellite observations are the major obstacle in the detection of changes in global ozone over the long term. Careful re-analysis of satellite ozone data along with groundbased observations have more or less corroborated photochemical models which predict ozone depletion [1]. However there remains margin of error in the observations that is as large as the trend itself.
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Curran, Robert J. "Satellite Remote Sensing for Earth System Science: NASA's Earth Observing System (Eos)". In Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.tua1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Environmental concerns of a global nature are influencing the development of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the Earth as a system. In recent years these concerns have become more prominent due to a series of problems involving large geographic regions such as; understanding the effects of the increases in carbon dioxide, understanding the causes and consequences of changes in the ozone layer, and resolving the anthropogenic influence on the acidity of precipitation. Clearly the global scope of these and other problem areas requires both a multidisciplinary, as well as a multinational approach for their solution. In order to address these problems, observational capabilities must be employed ranging from in situ and laboratory measurements to satellite based global remote sensing. An Earth Observing System (Eos) is planned to meet many of these requirements for remote sensing from low Earth orbiting satellites. A number of instruments are under consideration as the payload for the sun-synchronous satellite platforms. The payload is conceptually grouped into three packages to illustrate the synergistic relationships that exist among the instruments.
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Olivella González, Rosa, Carla Garcia Lozano, Laura Olivas Corominas e Josep Sitjar Suñer. "Monitoring natural phenomena from the classroom with Edusat. Proposal for a teaching guide (and support material)". In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Satellite images and remote sensing allow us to identify the effects of natural and human-made changes that occur on Earth: fires, floods, urban development, deforestation, etc. Thanks to the Copernicus programme, satellite images of the entire world are now available, with a neardaily frequency that allow the identification and monitoring of all these natural phenomena and human activities that produce notable changes to the Earth’s surface. All these phenomena are forming part of the concerns of many young people who see the future of their planet in danger. The Edusat platform explores these phenomena from space and provides a didactic guide to understanding the effects of global environmental change, right in the classroom. In this way, we bring remote sensing closer to a public that until now was rarely involved in this discipline. We do it from a didactic and practical point of view, connected with real data from Sentinel satellites and thanks to EO Browser application
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Wilson, Greg S., Dixon Butler e Gregory Wilson. "The Earth Observing System (EOS): Centerpiece of NASA’s Mission-to-Planet Earth Initiative". In Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1987.thc1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
While NASA has been conducting its highly visible efforts of manned space flight and planetary exploration, it has also pioneered the remote sensing of the Earth from space. It is now time for NASA to expand these efforts and provide revolutionary new capabilities to characterize our home planet and its global environment. The science community has pointed out that Earth is already in a process of global change in which virtually all aspects of the Earth interact as part of an integrated system and the impact of human activity is significant. Today, we lack the ability to adequately foresee the direction of these changes and their effects on the global physical, economic, and social climate. Both our nation and the world now require the understanding to reliably predict the future course of our environment on time scales of decades to centuries in response to both human activities and natural forces. The long-term quantitative measurement of the atmosphere, land surface, oceans, and solid Earth using the global perspective of space is essential as the foundation of this new Earth System science. NASA is committed to pursue this goal through implementation of new Earth observing systems in orbit and information systems on the ground and by stimulating others to contribute to this effort.
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Shimoda, Haruhisa. "GCOM: Global Change Observation Mission". In Remote Sensing, a cura di Hiroyuki Fujisada e Joan B. Lurie. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.373199.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Global environmental change – remote sensing"
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Ryerson, R. A., e J. Cihlar. Remote Sensing Techniques Monitor Global Change. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/217656.
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Grossman, Denny, Paul Hugo Suding, Alejandro Coca, Carolina Navarrete, Alberto Villalba, Karolina Argote, Andy Jarvis e Louis Reymondin. Road Impact Assessment Using Remote Sensing Methodology for Monitoring Land-Use Change in Latin America: Results of Five Case Studies. Inter-American Development Bank, luglio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009124.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present publication is a summary of the results from the five case studies including an overview of the methodology. VPS/ESG is further examining the possibilities of this methodology to use it for prospective purposes, as the basis for land use management and other potential applications in the development of infrastructure projects. The potential value of the methodology examined is based on being able to take into account the specific conditions of the respective cases, relevant drivers and their strength and the potential enabling effect of a project. This work complements other ex post analyses of infrastructure projects based on project documents, published as IDB Technical Notes titled "Managing the Environmental and Social Impacts of Major IDB-Financed Road Improvement Projects." VPS/ESG will further explore the use in its work of remote sensing and, in addition, study the options of modeling land use and land cover change.
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Ron, Eliora, e Eugene Eugene Nester. Global functional genomics of plant cell transformation by agrobacterium. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695860.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to carry out a global functional genomics analysis of plant cell transformation by Agrobacterium in order to define and characterize the physiology of Agrobacterium in the acidic environment of a wounded plant. We planed to study the proteome and transcriptome of Agrobacterium in response to a change in pH, from 7.2 to 5.5 and identify genes and circuits directly involved in this change. Bacteria-plant interactions involve a large number of global regulatory systems, which are essential for protection against new stressful conditions. The interaction of bacteria with their hosts has been previously studied by genetic-physiological methods. We wanted to make use of the new capabilities to study these interactions on a global scale, using transcription analysis (transcriptomics, microarrays) and proteomics (2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry). The results provided extensive data on the functional genomics under conditions that partially mimic plant infection and – in addition - revealed some surprising and significant data. Thus, we identified the genes whose expression is modulated when Agrobacterium is grown under the acidic conditions found in the rhizosphere (pH 5.5), an essential environmental factor in Agrobacterium – plant interactions essential for induction of the virulence program by plant signal molecules. Among the 45 genes whose expression was significantly elevated, of special interest is the two-component chromosomally encoded system, ChvG/I which is involved in regulating acid inducible genes. A second exciting system under acid and ChvG/Icontrol is a secretion system for proteins, T6SS, encoded by 14 genes which appears to be important for Rhizobium leguminosarum nodule formation and nitrogen fixation and for virulence of Agrobacterium. The proteome analysis revealed that gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a metabolite secreted by wounded plants, induces the synthesis of an Agrobacterium lactonase which degrades the quorum sensing signal, N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), resulting in attenuation of virulence. In addition, through a transcriptomic analysis of Agrobacterium growing at the pH of the rhizosphere (pH=5.5), we demonstrated that salicylic acid (SA) a well-studied plant signal molecule important in plant defense, attenuates Agrobacterium virulence in two distinct ways - by down regulating the synthesis of the virulence (vir) genes required for the processing and transfer of the T-DNA and by inducing the same lactonase, which in turn degrades the AHL. Thus, GABA and SA with different molecular structures, induce the expression of these same genes. The identification of genes whose expression is modulated by conditions that mimic plant infection, as well as the identification of regulatory molecules that help control the early stages of infection, advance our understanding of this complex bacterial-plant interaction and has immediate potential applications to modify it. We expect that the data generated by our research will be used to develop novel strategies for the control of crown gall disease. Moreover, these results will also provide the basis for future biotechnological approaches that will use genetic manipulations to improve bacterial-plant interactions, leading to more efficient DNA transfer to recalcitrant plants and robust symbiosis. These advances will, in turn, contribute to plant protection by introducing genes for resistance against other bacteria, pests and environmental stress.
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Douglas, Thomas, M. Jorgenson, Hélène Genet, Bruce Marcot e Patricia Nelsen. Interior Alaska DoD training land wildlife habitat vulnerability to permafrost thaw, an altered fire regime, and hydrologic changes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43146.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Climate change and intensification of disturbance regimes are increasing the vulnerability of interior Alaska Department of Defense (DoD) training ranges to widespread land cover and hydrologic changes. This is expected to have profound impacts on wildlife habitats, conservation objectives, permitting requirements, and military training activities. The objective of this three-year research effort was to provide United States Army Alaska Garrison Fort Wainwright, Alaska (USAG-FWA) training land managers a scientific-based geospatial framework to assess wildlife habitat distribution and trajectories of change and to identify vulnerable wildlife species whose habitats and resources are likely to decline in response to permafrost degradation, changing wildfire regimes, and hydrologic reorganization projected to 2100. We linked field measurements, data synthesis, repeat imagery analyses, remote sensing measurements, and model simulations focused on land cover dynamics and wildlife habitat characteristics to identify suites of wildlife species most vulnerable to climate change. From this, we created a robust database linking vegetation, soil, and environmental characteristics across interior Alaska training ranges. The framework used is designed to support decision making for conservation management and habitat monitoring, land use, infrastructure development, and adaptive management across the interior Alaska DoD cantonment and training land domain.
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Hodul, M., H. P. White e A. Knudby. A report on water quality monitoring in Quesnel Lake, British Columbia, subsequent to the Mount Polley tailings dam spill, using optical satellite imagery. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330556.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the early morning on the 4th of August 2014, a tailings dam near Quesnel, BC burst, spilling approximately 25 million m3 of runoff containing heavy metal elements into nearby Quesnel Lake (Byrne et al. 2018). The runoff slurry, which included lead, arsenic, selenium, and vanadium spilled through Hazeltine Creek, scouring its banks and picking up till and forest cover on the way, and ultimately ended up in Quesnel Lake, whose water level rose by 1.5 m as a result. While the introduction of heavy metals into Quesnel Lake was of environmental concern, the additional till and forest cover scoured from the banks of Hazeltine Creek added to the lake has also been of concern to salmon spawning grounds. Immediate repercussions of the spill involved the damage of sensitive environments along the banks and on the lake bed, the closing of the seasonal salmon fishery in the lake, and a change in the microbial composition of the lake bed (Hatam et al. 2019). In addition, there appears to be a seasonal resuspension of the tailings sediment due to thermal cycling of the water and surface winds (Hamilton et al. 2020). While the water quality of Quesnel Lake continues to be monitored for the tailings sediments, primarily by members at the Quesnel River Research Centre, the sample-and-test methods of water quality testing used, while highly accurate, are expensive to undertake, and not spatially exhaustive. The use of remote sensing techniques, though not as accurate as lab testing, allows for the relatively fast creation of expansive water quality maps using sensors mounted on boats, planes, and satellites (Ritchie et al. 2003). The most common method for the remote sensing of surface water quality is through the use of a physics-based semianalytical model which simulates light passing through a water column with a given set of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs), developed by Lee et al. (1998) and commonly referred to as a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM). The RTM forward-models a wide range of water-leaving spectral signatures based on IOPs determined by a mix of water constituents, including natural materials and pollutants. Remote sensing imagery is then used to invert the model by finding the modelled water spectrum which most closely resembles that seen in the imagery (Brando et al 2009). This project set out to develop an RTM water quality model to monitor the water quality in Quesnel Lake, allowing for the entire surface of the lake to be mapped at once, in an effort to easily determine the timing and extent of resuspension events, as well as potentially investigate greening events reported by locals. The project intended to use a combination of multispectral imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2), as well as hyperspectral imagery (DESIS), combined with field calibration/validation of the resulting models. The project began in the Autumn before the COVID pandemic, with plans to undertake a comprehensive fieldwork campaign to gather model calibration data in the summer of 2020. Since a province-wide travel shutdown and social distancing procedures made it difficult to carry out water quality surveying in a small boat, an insufficient amount of fieldwork was conducted to suit the needs of the project. Thus, the project has been put on hold, and the primary researcher has moved to a different project. This document stands as a report on all of the work conducted up to April 2021, intended largely as an instructional document for researchers who may wish to continue the work once fieldwork may freely and safely resume. This research was undertaken at the University of Ottawa, with supporting funding provided by the Earth Observations for Cumulative Effects (EO4CE) Program Work Package 10b: Site Monitoring and Remediation, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, through the Natural Resources Canada Research Affiliate Program (RAP).
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Lasko, Kristofer, e Elena Sava. Semi-automated land cover mapping using an ensemble of support vector machines with moderate resolution imagery integrated into a custom decision support tool. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42402.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Land cover type is a fundamental remote sensing-derived variable for terrain analysis and environmental mapping applications. The currently available products are produced only for a single season or a specific year. Some of these products have a coarse resolution and quickly become outdated, as land cover type can undergo significant change over a short time period. In order to enable on-demand generation of timely and accurate land cover type products, we developed a sensor-agnostic framework leveraging pre-trained machine learning models. We also generated land cover models for Sentinel-2 (20m) and Landsat 8 imagery (30m) using either a single date of imagery or two dates of imagery for mapping land cover type. The two-date model includes 11 land cover type classes, whereas the single-date model contains 6 classes. The models’ overall accuracies were 84% (Sentinel-2 single date), 82% (Sentinel-2 two date), and 86% (Landsat 8 two date) across the continental United States. The three different models were built into an ArcGIS Pro Python toolbox to enable a semi-automated workflow for end users to generate their own land cover type maps on demand. The toolboxes were built using parallel processing and image-splitting techniques to enable faster computation and for use on less-powerful machines.
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph e P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.
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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Holly A. Bowers, V. Monica Bricelj, Lesley D’Anglada, Jonathan Deeds et al. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, luglio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan builds on major accomplishments from past efforts, provides a state of the science update since the previous decadal HARRNESS plan (2005-2015), identifies key information gaps, and presents forward-thinking solutions. Major achievements on many fronts since the last HARRNESS are detailed in this report. They include improved understanding of bloom dynamics of large-scale regional HABs such as those of Pseudo-nitzschia on the west coast, Alexandrium on the east coast, Karenia brevis on the west Florida shelf, and Microcystis in Lake Erie, and advances in HAB sensor technology, allowing deployment on fixed and mobile platforms for long-term, continuous, remote HAB cell and toxin observations. New HABs and impacts have emerged. Freshwater HABs now occur in many inland waterways and their public health impacts through drinking and recreational water contamination have been characterized and new monitoring efforts have been initiated. Freshwater HAB toxins are finding their way into marine environments and contaminating seafood with unknown consequences. Blooms of Dinophysis spp., which can cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, have appeared around the US coast, but the causes are not understood. Similarly, blooms of fish- and shellfish-killing HABs are occurring in many regions and are especially threatening to aquaculture. The science, management, and decision-making necessary to manage the threat of HABs continue to involve a multidisciplinary group of scientists, managers, and agencies at various levels. The initial HARRNESS framework and the resulting National HAB Committee (NHC) have proven effective means to coordinate the academic, management, and stakeholder communities interested in national HAB issues and provide these entities with a collective voice, in part through this updated HARRNESS report. Congress and the Executive Branch have supported most of the advances achieved under HARRNESS (2005-2015) and continue to make HABs a priority. Congress has reauthorized the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (HABHRCA) multiple times and continues to authorize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fund and conduct HAB research and response, has given new roles to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and required an Interagency Working Group on HABHRCA (IWG HABHRCA). These efforts have been instrumental in coordinating HAB responses by federal and state agencies. Initial appropriations for NOAA HAB research and response decreased after 2005, but have increased substantially in the last few years, leading to many advances in HAB management in marine coastal and Great Lakes regions. With no specific funding for HABs, the US EPA has provided funding to states through existing laws, such as the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and to members of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, to assist states and tribes in addressing issues related to HAB toxins and hypoxia. The US EPA has also worked towards fulfilling its mandate by providing tools and resources to states, territories, and local governments to help manage HABs and cyanotoxins, to effectively communicate the risks of cyanotoxins and to assist public water systems and water managers to manage HABs. These tools and resources include documents to assist with adopting recommended recreational criteria and/or swimming advisories, recommendations for public water systems to choose to apply health advisories for cyanotoxins, risk communication templates, videos and toolkits, monitoring guidance, and drinking water treatment optimization documents. Beginning in 2018, Congress has directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop a HAB research initiative to deliver scalable HAB prevention, detection, and management technologies intended to reduce the frequency and severity of HAB impacts to our Nation’s freshwater resources. Since the initial HARRNESS report, other federal agencies have become increasingly engaged in addressing HABs, a trend likely to continue given the evolution of regulations(e.g., US EPA drinking water health advisories and recreational water quality criteria for two cyanotoxins), and new understanding of risks associated with freshwater HABs. The NSF/NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program has contributed substantially to our understanding of HABs. The US Geological Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration also contribute to HAB-related activities. In the preparation of this report, input was sought early on from a wide range of stakeholders, including participants from academia, industry, and government. The aim of this interdisciplinary effort is to provide summary information that will guide future research and management of HABs and inform policy development at the agency and congressional levels. As a result of this information gathering effort, four major HAB focus/programmatic areas were identified: 1) Observing systems, modeling, and forecasting; 2) Detection and ecological impacts, including genetics and bloom ecology; 3) HAB management including prevention, control, and mitigation, and 4) Human dimensions, including public health, socio-economics, outreach, and education. Focus groups were tasked with addressing a) our current understanding based on advances since HARRNESS 2005-2015, b) identification of critical information gaps and opportunities, and c) proposed recommendations for the future. The vision statement for HARRNESS 2024-2034 has been updated, as follows: “Over the next decade, in the context of global climate change projections, HARRNESS will define the magnitude, scope, and diversity of the HAB problem in US marine, brackish and freshwaters; strengthen coordination among agencies, stakeholders, and partners; advance the development of effective research and management solutions; and build resilience to address the broad range of US HAB problems impacting vulnerable communities and ecosystems.” This will guide federal, state, local and tribal agencies and nations, researchers, industry, and other organizations over the next decade to collectively work to address HAB problems in the United States.
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Eparkhina, Dina. EuroSea Legacy Report. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
EuroSea is a holistic large-scale project encompassing the full value chain of marine knowledge, from observations to modelling and forecasting and to user-focused services. This report summarizes the legacy of EuroSea as planned and measured through a dedicated impact monitoring protocol, a holistic assessment of the project's successes in advancing and integrating European ocean observing and forecasting systems. Since its start, EuroSea has been analysing how well the project progresses towards the identified areas of impact. Impact assessment is not performance evaluation. These terms overlap but are distinct: performance relates to the efficient use of resources; impact relates to the transformative effect on the users. The EuroSea legacy report is presented through an aggregation and analysis of the EuroSea work towards achieving its impacts. Overall, over 100 impacts have been identified and presented on the website and in a stand-alone impact report. The legacy report sheds light on 32 most powerful impacts (four impacts in each of the eight EuroSea impact areas). EuroSea Impact Areas: 1. Strengthen the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS), support the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the GOOS Regional Alliances; 2. Increase ocean data sharing and integration; 3. Deliver improved climate change predictions; 4. Build capacity, internally in EuroSea and externally with EuroSea users, in a range of key areas; 5. Develop innovations, including exploitation of novel ideas or concepts; shorten the time span between research and innovation and foster economic value in the blue economy; 6. Facilitate methodologies, best practices, and knowledge transfer in ocean observing and forecasting; 7. Contribute to policy making in research, innovation, and technology; 8. Raise awareness of the need for a fit for purpose, sustained, observing and forecasting system in Europe. Ocean observing and forecasting is a complex activity brining about a variety of technologies, human expertise, in water and remote sensing measurements, high-volume computing and artificial intelligence, and a high degree of governance and coordination. Determining an impact on a user type or an area, therefore, requires a holistic assessment and a clear strategic overview. The EuroSea impact monitoring protocol has been the first known such attempt in a European ocean observing and forecasting project. The project’s progress has been followed according to the identified impact areas, through consortium workshops, stakeholder webinars, tracking, and reporting. At the end of EuroSea, we are able to demonstrate how well we have responded to the European policy drivers set out in the funding call and the grant agreement of our project, signed between the European Commission and 53 organizations, members of the EuroSea consortium. The project's impact is diverse, spanning areas from strengthening ocean observing governance to contributing to policymaking or boosting ocean research, innovation, and technology. Each impact area underscores EuroSea's commitment to a sustainable and informed approach to ocean observing and forecasting for enhanced marine knowledge and science-based sustainable blue economy and policies. (EuroSea Deliverable, D8.12)
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady et al. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.