Tesi sul tema "Glioblastome – Génétique"
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Mercier, Marie-Cécile. "Les cellules initiatrices de tumeurs à l'origine de l'hétérogénéité d'expression de l'intégrine α5β1 dans les glioblastomes". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ100/document.
Testo completoGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Treatment failure is explained by inter and intratumoral heterogeneity. Our previous results showed that the α5β1 integrin, the fibronectin receptor, is implicated in GBM aggressiveness. We observed that its expression was heterogeneous between patients' tumors but also between different areas in a given tumor. We hypothesized that this heterogeneity may be linked to different glioma stem cells (GSC). We confirmed that α5 expression is induced after differentiation in about half of the cell lines supporting the notion of inter-tumoral heterogeneity. We also observed with single cell-derived clone analysis that intra-tumoral GICs heterogeneity exists. We noticed that when GICs are programmed to express α5 integrin, differentiated cells become more aggressive. Our data support that differentiated cells expressing the integrin have an increased capacity of proliferation and acquire a fibronectin-dependent motility and a resistance phenotype. This work provides a better understanding of the origin of more aggressive foci and highlights the interest of α5β1 integrin as a therapeutic target for a subpopulation of patients
Yaghi, Layale. "Hypoxie et régulation de l'expression de la molécule HLA-G dans le glioblastome". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077060.
Testo completoHLA-G is a non classical MHC class I molecule involved in immune tolerance processes. Its expression has been described in various cancers favoring their immune escape. We analyzed HLA-G expression in glioblastoma biopsies, and found that HLA-G is expressed in 60% of the samples and is associated with reduced long term survival rate. The mechanisms underlying HLA-G gene expression were investigated in glioma cell lines U251MG, D247MG and U138MG. HLA-G expression is induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylating treatment and enhanced by IFN-y and the hypoxic microenvironment. It is also dependent on the permissive state of the chromatin at the promoter and on the variation of expression of several antigen presenting machinery components. Under hypoxia mimicking conditions, we demonstrate that HLA-G expression is regulated by HIF-1 via a HRE (Hypoxia Responsive Element) located at +274 bp in exon 2. We also describe the role of HLA-G polymorphism in the 5'UTR (SNP -966 A/G located in a HRE) and 3'UTR (expression more repressed by endogenous miRNAs with haplotypes UTR-5 and -7) in the regulation of its expression. Moreover, we observe by microarray analysis that the expression of HLA-G putative miRNAs is modulated in hypoxia. HLA-G should thus be taken into account in the development of new anti-tumor therapies considering that its expression is a result of the chromatin state at the HLA-G locus, the tumor microenvironment, the endogenous miRNA expression and the polymorphism of both 5' and 3'UTR
Cosset, Erika. "Implication de la cavéoline-1 dans le phénotype des glioblastomes". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6132.
Testo completoCaveolin-1 (cav1) plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Although caveolin-1 expression is increased in glioma, cav1 negative (cav1low) and positive (cav1high) cells coexist in glioblastoma (GBM). We reported that cav1low GBM cells display a more aggressive phenotype than cav1high GBM cells, suggesting that cav1 is a tumor suppressor in brain tumors. Transcriptomic analysis showed that cav1 represses α5β1 integrin so that cav1 and α5β1 integrin expressions were inversely correlated. We identified α5β1 integrin as the mediator of cav1’s effect in GBM. Moreover, cav1 affects the TGFβR/Smad2 pathway: silencing cav1 increased the secretion of TGF-β1, the expression of TGFβ receptor and the activity of its downstream effector Smad2. Conversely, forced expression of cav1 repressed the TGFβR/Smad2 pathway so that cav1 expression and TGFβR/Smad2 activity are inversely correlated. Using selective inhibitors, we showed that the TGFβR/Smad2 pathway was involved in the regulation of α5β1 integrin expression by cav1. Two Smad2-dependent signaling pathways were involved; one independent and one dependent of the TGFβRI. The reverse correlation between cav1 and α5β1/TGFβR/Smad2 was confirmed in different GBM cell lines. We showed that cav1low/α5β1/TGFβR/Smadhigh cells are highly sensitive to SB431542 (TGFβRI inhibitor) and K34c (selective antagonist of α5β1 integrin). Finally, subpopulations of patients suffering glioma were uncovered by performing the molecular profiling of the three interconnected genes in human biopsies. The status of cav1/α5β1/TGFβ/Smad2 might be a useful marker of the tumor behavior and a predictor of anti-TGFβR or anti-α5β1 integrin therapies
Labit-Bouvier, Corinne. "Marqueurs moléculaires diagnostiques et pronostiques des tumeurs neuroépithéliales". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20691.
Testo completoTempé, Denis. "Régulation des protéines Gli, effecteurs transcriptionnels de la voie de signalisation Hedgehog, par le système Ubiquitine-Protéasome". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0009.
Testo completoIn vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) morphogenetic activities are mediated by Gli transcription factors. My PhD work has focused on Gli3 and Gli1 regulation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome pathway. Upon PKA phosphorylation, the deletion of Gli3 carboxyterminal transactivation domain generates transcriptional repressor. The SCF-type E3 Ubiquitin-ligase component ßTrCP is required for Gli3 proteolytic processing, binds to Gli3 and promotes its poly-ubiquitination. Gli1 binds ßTrCP and can be ubiquitinated, without any proteolytic processing. Shh and Gli1-dependant transactivation can be blocked by a Proteasome inhibitor as well as by downregulating ßTrCP expression by RNA interference. This work could establish that the SCFßTrCP complex participates in Shh signaling both in a negative and a positive manner. Further studies should unravel the unusual mechanisms likely involved in controlling Gli proteins by SCFßTrCP and PKA/GSK3ß activities
Merle, Patrick. "Etude de ligands de l'ADN G-quadruplexe télomérique dans le traitement du glioblastome et cancer bronchique : approches combinatoires". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF1MM14.
Testo completoMontagne, Audrey. "Etude de l'expression d'une transposase domestiquée : SETMAR". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4017/document.
Testo completoSETMAR is a chimeric gene consisting of a SET domain (encoding methylase histone functions) and a MAR domain (having retained some of the of the HsMAR1 transposase functions). Studies have shown that the two domains are biologically active and are involved in the stability and / or in the regulation of the human genome expression. The literature suggests that SETMAR expression is higher in cancer cells than in normal cells. Our working hypothesis is that SETMAR protein is overexpressed in pathological conditions, allowing cells to overcome the cellular cycle checkpoints, helping to increase the genetic instability. Our goal is to study the regulation of the SETMAR expression and its involvement in oncogenesis, glial in particular
Tabouret, Emeline. "Glioblastome et angiogenèse : profils évolutifs, interaction avec l'invasivité et implications thérapeutiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5012/document.
Testo completoGlioblastomas are the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumors for adult. They are characterized by a high angiogenesis leading to the evaluation of the bevacizumab. Our aim was to identify potential predictive biomarkers of bevacizumab activity and to analyze the evolutive profile of the angiogenic factors during the disease. If no clinical factor allows the identification of patient subgroup benefiting of bevacizumab, MMP2 and MMP9 plasma level at baseline were correlated to response, progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with recurrent high grade glioma treated by bevacizumab. Moreover, plasma levels of these markers change during treatment and significantly varied at the time of progression. We observed similar results for patients with inflammatory breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant bevacizumab, reinforcing the potential value of these prebiomarkers. In tumor tissue, while we did not observed changes in MMP2/MMP9 expression between the initial diagnosis and the recurrence post radio-chemotherapy, we observed a modification of the expression of angiogenic factors with a potential switch from the VEGFR2-HIF1α to the CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway. These results lead to new perspectives in angiogenic modulation and glioblastoma treatment
Khalil, Najat. "L'activation des récepteurs activés par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes beta/delta, stimule l'expression de Siah-1L et entraîne la prolifération et la migration de cellules de glioblastomes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0286/document.
Testo completoGlioblastoma represent the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults. We highlighted the role of PPARß/delta in glioblastoma tumorigenesis. We have shown that activation of this receptor stimulates proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells T98G. We also showed that activation of PPARß/delta induces the expression of Siah-1L gene and that overexpression of Siah-1L stimulates cell proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. We also studied the regulation of Siah-1L gene and showed that its expression is induced by PPARß/delta. Cloning of Siah-1L gene promoter sequence and the study of its regulation showed that the induction of the expression of Siah-1L by PPARß/delta is mediated by a response element located at the promoter sequence
Ferrandon, Sylvain. "Évaluation du Statut télomérique : vers une thérapeutique personnalisée du glioblastome : application en Hadronthérapie par ions carbone". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10005.
Testo completoGlioblastoma, high grade tumor of neuroepithelial tissue, is poor prognosis cancer. Despite an invasive standard treatment (surgery, radiochemotherapy), the overall survival of patients does not exceed 15 months, largely due to aggressive recurrence (radioresistance of residual cells). Hadrontherapy with Carbon ion beam have strong radiobiological arguments: i) high ballistic precision (save healthy tissues), ii) Relative Biological Efficiency (RBE) above conventional radiotherapy (dose escalation), iii) independent response of oxygen enhancement ratio (hypoxic tumors). Hadrontherapy have shown promising preliminary results in treatment of brain tumors. However, the rareness of health centers which purposed Handrontheray necessitates the use of predictive markers of resistance to conventional radiotherapy to address bad responder patient. Telomere homeostasis is also known to modulate radiosensitivity of different types of cancer. Thus, this work has two arms. On the one hand, we have shown that telomere length and POT1 (Protection Of Telomere1) level (RNA and protein) can be used by clinicians to diagnose bad responder of standard treatment and towards the hadrontherapy. On the other hand, we have shown that pharmacological treatment inhibitory of telomerase (GRN163L, Geron Corp) can improve the radiationinduced responses to conventional radiotherapy on human glioblastoma mice model
Robil, Noemie. "Recherche d'antigènes spécifiques de tumeurs et analyse des cellules souches de glioblastomes". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ057/document.
Testo completoGlioblastoma are the most common and aggressive nervous system tumors. With a median overall survival smaller than 2 years, usual therapies remain inefficient. This failure could be explained in part by the existence of cancer stem cells. These cells share several properties with stem cells which make them resistant to glioblastoma treatments. This is why it is important to identify and target them to suppress the whole tumor.The goal of this thesis work is to identify glioblastoma stem cells (gCSCs) biomarkers. To this end, we first developed a global method predicting cancer antigens from microarray data. Then, by studying gCSCs we identified several putative biomarkers and generated insights concerning the calcium signals which are deregulated in numerous cancers
Roegel, Lisa. "Rôle de PARP3 dans la mécanoréponse cellulaire de cellules cancéreuses". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ021.
Testo completoThis thesis project focuses on studying the potential mechanosensitive role of PARP3 in an aggressive cancer model, the glioblastoma. PARP3 belongs to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family, a family of 17 members that catalyze the addition of one or more ADP- ribose residues onto acceptor proteins. PARP3 plays a role in DNA double-strand breaks repair, in cell differentiation, but also in tumor progression. In this work, we reveal that disrupting PARP3 (Crispr/Cas9) in a glioblastoma cell model (U373-MG cell line) impacts various mechanosensitive cellular processes (proliferation, adhesion, migration) as well as the structure of the actomyosin and lamin cytoskeletons. RNAseq studies reveals that the absence of PARP3 alters the transcriptional expression of various genes related to mechanosensitive elements (signaling pathways, extracellular matrix). By atomic force microscopy and MNase digestion tests, we respectively reveal that the absence of PARP3 modifies nuclear rigidity and chromatin compaction. By immunofluorescence experiments, we show that PARP3 is a mechanosensitive protein since its subcellular localization depends on the stiffness of the culture substrate. Finally, this work also provides a wide range of data (ATACseq, RNAseq, proteomics) that permit to progress on the mechanistic role of PARP3 in the mechanoresponse of tumour cells
Saati, Mahasen Osman. "HIF-1α, un acteur essentiel de la neurogenèse et de la migration radio-induite des cellules souches de gliomes". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC337.
Testo completoThe regulation of embryonic neurogenesis involves many intrinsic and extrinsic factors delivered within a strict temporal sequence. Among these factors, oxygen plays an important role in the maintenance and the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) located in hypoxic areas of the brain. In this context, the transcription factor HIF-1α, one of the main contributors in adaptive responses to oxygen variations, could play a major role in embryonic neurogenesis. We evaluated the consequences of the loss of HIF-1α on neurogenesis by developing a model of transgenic mice Glast-YFP-CreERT2 ; HIF-1αflox/Flox in which HIF-1α is specifically inhibited in the GLAST+ radial glia cells, which play the role of neural stem cells in the embryo. In this model, the loss of HIF-1α caused a significant and rapid alteration of cortical angiogenesis associated with a decrease in the neocortex thickness. These changes were not correlated with cortical cell death but to a decrease in the number of mitoses and in cell proliferation in the ventricular and subventricular regions. HIF-1α inactivation caused a loss of Sox2 + and Pax6 + cells and an increase in intermediate progenitors (Tbr2+). These data suggest that HIF-1α plays an essential role in embryonic neurogenesis. At the same time, I participated in the identification of molecular actors involved in the radiation-induced migration of glioma stem cells (GSCs) which was previously demonstrated in our laboratory. Our data show that the radiation-induced migration of the GSCs is HIF-1α dependent and enhances JMY expression, a protein that has the ability to promote cell motility by enhancing the polymerization of actin filaments. Like the GSCs, in vitro video-microscopy experiments demonstrate that sublethal irradiation induced an HIF-1α dependent migration in NSCs. These in vitro results were confirmed in vivo in our transgenic model. In conclusion, the development of the transgenic inducible conditional knockout model Glast-YFP-CreERT2 ; HIF-1αflox/Flox allowed us to characterize the role of HIF-1α in NSCs during embryonic neurogenesis. This model will allow us to identify new HIF-1α dependent molecular actors involved in the radiation-induced migration of NSCs and GSCs. Due to their common characteristics with GSCs, the identification of the newly identified molecules in NSCs could represent new therapeutic targets destinated to improve in the longer term the efficacy of glioblastomas patients treatment. The inhibition of these new molecular mechanisms during radiotherapy may be effective to prevent the radiation-induced migration of GSCs
El, Ayachi Ikbale. "KIAA 0510, Ténascine R, et astrocytomes pilocytiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20684/document.
Testo completoGliomas are the most frequently occurring primary tumors in the central nervous system. These last years, molecular biology technics allowed a better understanding of the gliomagenesis as well as behaviour of these tumors. We have previously shown that molecular profiling of glioblastomes (WHO grade IV) and pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I) differed for KIAA 0510 gene expression. This sequence was fully characterized and shown to be part of the tenascin R gene encoding for an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in migration and cell differentiation. In addition, during development, Tenascin-R may be involved in corticogenesis.In parallel, in the developing optic chiasm, we evidenced cells with radial glial characteristics from which the hypothalamo-chiasmatic pilocytic astrocytomas could derive
Feve, Marie. "Utilisation d'une approche de chimie biologie intégrative dans la recherche de nouvelles molécules actives sur la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules souches cancéreuses". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804357.
Testo completoFanélus, Irvens. "L'expression de la protéine L-isoaspartate méthyltransférase dans les glioblastomes humains est dépendante de la kinase mTOR". Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2983/1/M9337.pdf.
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