Tesi sul tema "Gestion durable des sols"
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Guezenoc, Julian. "AGROLIBS Spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser au service de la gestion durable des ressources agricoles". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0207.
Testo completoIn a context of global climate change, optimizing the management of agricultural resources, and in particular the mineral elements in soils, has become a major challenge. Mineral elements are at the same time indispensable resources for plant growth and carbon storage, potential pollutants in certain environmental compartments, and potentially toxic contaminants that can be transferred from plants to humans. Current methods for the determination of these elements are very costly in terms of time and money, and from an operational point of view, it is difficult in these conditions to carry out a frequent diagnosis in the field of a deficiency or contamination situation, or to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of the characteristics of an agricultural land.The recent emergence of portable sensors and systems has made it possible to develop new methods for measuring soil and plant properties and to complement or replace conventional laboratory techniques. This is the case of LIBS, a method of atomic emission spectroscopy from a laser-generated plasma, which is fast and green as it does not rely on the use of hazardous chemical reagents. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the LIBS method, and more precisely of a portable instrument, applied to the quantitative multi-elemental analysis of plant and agricultural soil samples. The evaluation of this method takes into account the sample preparation and processing steps of LIBS spectra. It was implemented according to three axes: i. The characterization of plant samples of various species under ideal conditions, ii. The characterization of soil samples representative of the major French agricultural crops (wheat, corn, sunflower) always under ideal conditions and iii. The study of the impact of factors degrading the measurement conditions in order to evaluate the possibility of implementing the LIBS technique outside the laboratory.Our study, based on the use of the SciAps Z300 LIBS, allowed the detection of the elements C, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si and P, concentrated in the g/kg range in soil and plant samples, both in laboratory conditions and in deliberately degraded conditions. On the other hand, neither nitrogen nor the elements Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn could be detected in these samples. For the analysis of plant samples, the elements Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and P were quantified using univariate regression models coupled with an adapted normalization strategy. Quantitative soil analysis required the use of PLS models to account for matrix effects. As regards the analyses in degraded conditions, we established, using an experimental design, that the moisture content, higher than 40% in plants and 20% in soils was one of the main obstacles to LIBS field analyses. We also showed that the drop in LIBS signal observed when the moisture content increases could be corrected by applying a normalization step.The results of our study are partially satisfactory in terms of the quantitative performance of the regression models, even under ideal laboratory conditions. The diversity of physico-chemical conditions encountered in the field means that direct LIBS analyses are clearly not realistic. The principle of a field laboratory, with simplified sample preparation, could however be envisaged, in order to place the LIBS technique at the heart of new sampling strategies in the context of precision agriculture
Montoroi, Jean-Pierre. "Gestion durable des sols de la mangrove au Sénégal en période de sécheresse : dynamique de l'eau et géochimie des sels d'un bassin versant aménagé /". Paris : ORSTOM éd, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35849499f.
Testo completoDeybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Testo completoNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Bourlon, Nicolas. "Développement durable et gestion des bassins hydrographiques : Conception et mise en place d'Agences de bassin en Amérique latine". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES089.
Testo completoMontoroi, Jean-Pierre. "Dynamique de l'eau et géochimie des sels d'un bassin versant aménagé de Basse-Casamance (Sénégal) : conséquences sur la gestion durable de l'écosystème de mangrove en période de sécheresse". Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0401_MONTOROI.pdf.
Testo completoCompaoré, Emmanuel N. "Contribution à la caractérisation et à la gestion de la fertilité phosphatée des sols ferrugineux tropicaux". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL115N.
Testo completoLefèvre, Clara. "Déterminants agroécologiques liant pratiques de gestion des sols, santé des sols, santé des plantes et qualités nutritionnelle et sanitaire des produits : le cas du blé tendre d'hiver pour illustrer l'approche "One Health"". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP140.
Testo completoThe magnitude of the task reflects the need for all stakeholders, from farm to fork, to join forces and work together. The concept of "One Health", is based on the principle that there is a connection between the health of humans, animals, plants and the environment. This thesis aimed at demonstrating that this theory applied to wheat production but including the cultural practices that are at the starting point, is not just a theoretical concept. Indeed, these links between practices, soil health, plant health and the nutritional and health qualities of the harvested products, are verifiable on the basis of field data.To do this, we set up in 2021 an on-farm study network (OFE in the rest of the document: On-Farm Experiment), located mainly in the north-western quarter of France and composed of 86 agricultural plots cultivated with winter wheat. Half of these plots were cultivated according to the principles of Conservation Agriculture (CA), and the other half in a "conventional" manner (CONV). The plots of a farmer in CA and a farmer in CONV were selected so that they could be compared in pairs.After setting up this network of plots, we monitored each of them over a production campaign. In addition to an agroecological diagnosis (using the Regeneration Index), we carried out a detailed and systemic analysis of the cultivation practices applied to each plot studied, taking into account the five campaigns preceding that of the wheat studied, as well as the latter. A panel of indicators of soil health, plant health, nutritional and sanitary quality of the crop and socio-economic and environmental performances were then tested on each plot. Additional investigations were also conducted to study specific aspects of microbial community composition on the soil-plant-grain continuum, in collaboration with the Natural History Museum of Paris. In order to close the loop from “farm to fork”, our research went as far as bread making, in order to potentially highlight the effects of these contrasting agricultural practices on the final consumer product.Our study highlighted more or less high levels of agroecological performance within the CA and CONV groups, leading to variable effects on soil health. In general, we demonstrate for this network the positive effects of CA systems compared to CONV systems on the main functions that contribute to soil health, i.e. nutrient cycling, carbon transformation, structural stability of aggregates and biological regulation. The effects on grain quality were more difficult to highlight, due to a significant effect of the year of study. However, we were able to observe the positive effects of CA on the nutritional qualities of the grain (higher concentration of P, K and ergothioneine). Finally, we show, under our study conditions, that the practice of CA is carried out without loss of yield while reducing diesel consumption and the workload for the farmer. We also show that it is possible for the most efficient CA systems to limit dependence on mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides compared to their CONV counterparts, which is encouraging for the development of this practice from an environmental and public health point of view. All these results suggest positive effects of the practice of CA on the environment and on the health of consumers (humans or animals).This study is the result of collaborative work on several scales: first with farmers, who took part in the creation of the study network, then with the multiple technical, scientific and industrial partners, who allowed this study to be carried out horizontally. This work ultimately made it possible to investigate methodological and analytical aspects of soil health, plants and the nutritional quality of wheat in real conditions
Bidar, Géraldine. "Intérêt du phytomanagement dans la gestion durable des sols pollués : recherche des mécanismes biologiques de transfert et de localisation de Cd, Pb, Zn dans les strates herbacées et arborées". Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0191.
Testo completoIn the mining area of the Nord-Pas de Calais council, two Pb and Zn smelters have led by their atmospheric emissions to a high metal contamination of soils, in particular Cd, Pb and Zn. This pollution generates risks for the environment and the population living near the smelters. Risks have been highly reduced in 2003 after the stop of Metaleurop industrial activities. However the risk has not disappeared due to the high soil contamination and its mobilisation via dust re-suspension, particles run-off or plant dismantling. Because of the large contaminated area, phytostabilization appears as an inexpensive technique, easy to set up and environmental friendly. This method consists in a perene vegetal cover established in order to physically and biochemically stabilize pollutants in soils. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behaviour of herbaceous species (Trifolium repens, Lolium perenne, Melilotus alba) and tree species (Robinier pseudoacacia, Alnus glutinosa, Salix alba, Sambucus nigra) for their use in the phytostabilization of Cb, Pb and Zn polluted soils. Experiments realised in pots located in three different environmental conditions (greenhouse, in situ exposed or not exposed to contaminated dusts) and in an experimental field confirmed that root was the main contamination pathway for the herbaceous vegetation. In the presence of a dense vegetal cover, the dust contribution of herb contamination seemed to be secondary. It was shown that metals were weakly transferred to aerial parts of T. Repens and L. Perenne and that these species were relatively tolerant to metals. During the experimentation, a reduction of metal mobility in soil was shown. These findings suggest that studied species could represent good candidates for phytostabilization. It could be the case as well for M. Alba. Among the studied species, R. Pseudoacacia is the one that accumulate lesser metals in its aerial parts (leaves and stems). In contrary to the roots, the stems are the least contaminated organs. In comparison to S. Alba, the species R. Pseudoacacia and A. Glutinosa seem to be less sensitive to the metallic contamination. According to our results, R. Pseudoacacia seems to be a species to give preference for phytostabilization. The preliminary results obtained on S. Nigra showed the weak capacity of this species to transfer metal to aerial parts, bringing this species as a potential candidate for the phytostabilization of metal highly contaminated soils
Mangal, Daniel. "La Guyane : pour un développement durable amazonien?" Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1008.
Testo completoFrench Guyana is an entirely special department because of its geographical position, ethnical diversity and surface. As large as Portugal, it is the biggest French department and, belonging to the Amazonian ecosystem, constitutes the sol rain forest of the European region. But this situation has given birth to a recurring problem: the development of the area or territory. Since the colonization, only the coastal fringe has been occupied, whereas the interior part of the land constituting the biggest part of the surface has remained virgin. Today, the opinions on the most appropriate use of that part on the territory diverge. The puclic services, intermediary of the French government, advocate the preservation on this last vast forest massif remained intact, by a series of protection measures, while the Guyanese want to open up that territory and exploit the mineral resources of that part of the Guyanese territory, particularly be a legal and regulated gold extraction to get this department out of its underdevelopment. The result of our research lead us to suggest an exploitation of that part of the territory based on the principle of sustainable development. The inner part of the Guyanese territory can be considered as source of biodiversity and income, as well as a protected area
Pujar, Arlette. "Gestion responsable du foncier et développement durable outre-mer : contribution à une approche critique de l'espace martiniquais". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0503.
Testo completoManagement of land in Martinique is a complex, sensitive and highly political topic.The total area of the island is 1 100 km2 (square meters), e.g, one of the smallest French areas, with the highest concentration of population, submitted to multirisk desasters (cyclonic, seismic, volcanic, technological, flood, air, ground and water pollutions, tsunami…).The urban triangulation made up of a multiplicity of actors, texts and regulations, as well as a multi-level institutional cream cake (6 levels of administration: the city, the intercity, the Department, the Regional Council, the State and Europe), destroys all kind of responsibility and obstruct an endogenous development of this micro territory.A fair balance between economic, social, cultural and environmental development is necessary, by reconciling with the economic and social goals related to the insular development.The astonishing biodiversity of the island of Martinique represents an obvious tourist asset, threatened by strong land anthropic pressures.This research study highlights the relevance of the regulation applicable to the land in Martinique as well as the influence of sustainable development on this regulation. This thesis suggests perennial solutions to implement, in order to mitigate the legal inconsistencies pointed out by the study
Ona, Ona Jennifer. "Gestion durable des ressources halieutiques en Afrique Atlantique Centre-Est : Cameroun-Congo-Gabon : perspective d’une politique de régulation sous-régionale". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2051.
Testo completoThe underdevelopment of marine fisheries, pressure on fisheries resources and coastal and marine ecosystems (overexploitation, INN fishing, conflicts over the exploitation of fisheries resources, degradation of mangroves, pollution, climate change) are making the fishing industry vulnerable. marine fisheries. These anthropogenic, but also natural, pressures represent risks for the future of this sector of activity, which presents deficits in state governance (insufficient funding, low human and material resources, weak means of control and surveillance etc.) in the sustainable management of fisheries resources. From the study of three countries, Cameroon, Congo and Gabon in fishing zone 34 of the Eastern Central Atlantic, this thesis evaluates a resource management based on a subregional approach through the Analysis of the Regional Fisheries Commission of the Gulf of Guinea (COREP) as a tool for integrated management of fisheries resources in the study area
Asry, Asra. "Modélisation hydrologique de l'infiltration des eaux pluviales dans les sols urbains en prenant en compte les chemins préférentiels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0095.
Testo completoInfiltration plays a crucial role in the urban water cycle by acting as a threshold between runoff and absorption. This study aims to address the challenge of modeling infiltration in a robust and practical way for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), focusing on an easily adjustable physically-based approach that balances complexity and parsimony. This involves minimizing the number of parameters, using physical parameters collected in the field, and examining the impact of macropores on infiltration rates through SUDS. Various methods have been introduced and evaluated to answer these questions. Firstly, this thesis proposes the development of a new module called INFILTRON-Mod, a physically based infiltration model that can be easily calibrated, thus proving its potential for integration into hydrological models. A large set of experimental data and synthetic results (Hydrus) are used for validation. This thesis then develops further the proposed model by incorporating a dual permeability concept to take into consideration the preferential flows in SUDS. Finally, this study leads to an analysis of the uncertainty and sensitivity of the proposed models. In conclusion, this thesis has produced crucial information for optimizing the modeling of urban water management tools by coupling a 'soil science' component with a 'hydrological modeling of SUDS' component. Further research is recommended to improve and extend the scope of the proposed models, thus contributing to a more accurate representation of hydrological phenomena in their complexity within SUDS
Chabert, Ariane. "Expression combinée des services écosystémiques en systèmes de production agricole conventionnels et innovants : étude des déterminants agroécologiques de gestion du sol, des intrants et du paysage". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17569/1/Chabert_Ariane_INPT.pdf.
Testo completoMarage, Damien. "Déterminisme, dynamique et modélisation spatiale de la diversité floristique dans un contexte de déprise pastorale. Application à la gestion durable des espaces montagnards sous influence méditerranéenne". Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000906.
Testo completoMombo, Stéphane. "Transferts des métaux et métalloïdes dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : mécanismes biogéochimiques et conséquences environnement-santé". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0074/document.
Testo completoPollution of (peri)urban soils by (eco)toxic metal(loid)s is commonly observed on a global scale. Some elements (Se, Cu ...) have biological roles and other (Pb, Cd ...) only have an (eco)toxic impact influenced by their speciation and compartmentalization that can change their transfers and bioavailability. With the perspective of sustainable management of soil and food, multidisciplinary scientific questions are digging for: (i) the mechanisms involved in the bioavailability and impact on living organisms of inorganic elements related to speciation; (ii) the co-management of environmental-health risks from industrial regulated plants (ICPE in France, such as former battery recycling plant) with residents who grow vegetable gardens or employees. In this context, were studied: (1) the transfer of metals between solid phase and soil solution under the influence of earthworms on a ICPE site; (2) the transfer and bioavailability of Se in controlled conditions for two chemical forms; (3) the health risk for the residents with gardening activities near ICPE plant and factors influencing blood lead of professionals (statistical analysis of data). A literature review of the quality of cassava in connection with the cultivation and culinary practices and characteristics of the environment was finally performed to complete the "Science and Society" process of the thesis. From the analysis of different isotopes of lead in the soil around the recycling plant it was concluded that 84 to 100% of lead in surface soils has anthropogenic origin. Avoidance behavior in the most lead polluted areas was observed for A. caliginosa earthworm species. The selenium root transfer, translocation to corn and its bioavailability in the grain are higher in the case of selenate (translocation factor of 1.1, and human bioavailability of 89.3%) compared to selenite (0.13 and bioaccessibility 82.7%). The study of crops quality in the gardens near the ICPE plant (in Bazoches), in relation to atmosphere and soil quality (low Pb contamination, alkaline pH and high organic content that reduce pollutants transfers) highlighted an atmosphere-plant transfer which depends on the metal (Cd is the most bioavailable) and plant species. Pb and Cd concentrations follow respectively the sequences: [lettuce> Leek> celery> carrot] and [lettuce> celery> carrot> leek]. To reduce population exposure, thorough washing of productions before consumption is recommended
Durand, Mathieu. "Gestion des déchets et inégalités environnementales et écologiques à Lima : entre durabilité et vulnérabilité". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564628.
Testo completoBellanger, Manuel. "Modélisation de mécanismes institutionnels et impacts bio-économiques de systèmes de gestion de quotas : application à la pêcherie de sole du golfe de Gascogne". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0037/document.
Testo completoIn France, where fishing rights are non-transferable, the management of fishing quotas is essentially delegated to producer organizations (POs). POs are granted collective allocations based on the aggregate fishing rights of their members and are then responsible for managing their fishing opportunities. The goal of this research, which contains theoretical developments as well as empirical analyses applied to the Bay of Biscay sole fishery, is to determine how outcomes of fisheries management are altered by the presence of POs within institutions as compared to alternative governance systems such as individual transferable quotas (ITQs). This dissertation notably brings together bio-economic approaches and institutional analyses to better anticipate the ecological, economic and social impacts of potential governance options. The research questions are the following: (1) What mechanisms could ensure a high level of compliance and what are the potential gains of placing the POs between the regulator and the fishermen? (2) What are the distributional effects of catch share management by POs? (3) What is the added value of integrating institutional arrangements involving POs into bio-economic modelling for the impact assessment of catch share management options? The analyses that were developed establish the ability of institutional design to influence outcomes in catch share systems in terms of compliance, distribution, and ecological-socioeconomic trade-offs achieved by alternative management options
Si, Youcef Mohamed. "Gestion durable de l'environnement en Algérie". Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/42bc842e-4f49-4193-a447-306d970965fc.
Testo completoThe development of strategy which preserves environmental quality and natural resources, the goal being to maintain a harmonious balance between the economic, social and environmental concerns, constitutes a re requirement and a need. This strategy must old account of the complexity of the environmental problems and their interdependent nature. To find solutions to these problems will require an intersectorial and multidisciplinary approach and taking into consideration a series of tools available for their treatment. The objective of this strategy will be to reconcile the economic and social development witch the rational and durable use of natural resources and the need to redule pollution and its harmful effects and to attenuate the risks to public health. This strategy will have to guide the priority actions to mitigate the serious current space distortions witch result in a consirrable wastage of natural resources
Ndao, Mariétou. "Dynamiques et gestion environnementales de 1970 à 2010 des zones humides au Sénégal : étude de l'occupation du sol par télédétection des Niayes avec Djiddah Thiaroye Kao (à Dakar), Mboro (à Thiès et Saint-Louis)". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20018/document.
Testo completoThe “Niayes”, coastal wetlands of Senegal, constitute fragile ecosystems that are rich inbiodiversity while traditionally being gardening areas in the “Sahelien” environment. The bigdrought of the 1970s that struck all the Sahel countries also affected the “Niayes” by an influxof rural populations coming from inside the country in search of livelihood. Besides theextreme drought, mass migration considerably increased the proprietary pressure and at thesame time generated an uncontrolled urbanization, especially around the big agglomerationsand agricultural development: both of them undermine the environmental value of thesecoastal ecosystems. In recent years, we have witnessed particularly rainy seasons. This returneof rainfall involved in urbanized areas causes flooding, accompanied by precarious sanitaryconditions for the most unprivileged populations. The rainfall variability, risk of naturalappearance, is added to anthropogenic risk factors such as the non-mastered regionalplanning, the failure of the regulatory framework, and the pollution from various agriculturaland industrial sources.This thesis, after having introduced the concept of wet zones and having presented the Niayesof the Great Coast in general, and of the three study areas (Pikine, outskirts of Dakar; Mboro,Thies region; and Saint-Louis) in particular, traces their environmental problems and variouspolitical differences. Land use of the Niayes is analysed by using remote sensing data for theperiod 1986-2010 to confront its evolution to the management of the sensible ecosystems andquestion the relevance of the implemented politics in the spirit of sustainable development
Amilien, Caroline. "Droit international et gestion durable des forêts tropicales". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32004.
Testo completoInternational cooperation for sustainable management of tropical forests faces two obstacles. On the one hand, because of the principle of sovereignty over natural resources, international rules regarding forest management evolve slowly. To date, proposals for a convention on global forest have failed. Other conventions indirectly or sectorally applying to tropical forests are weak. Sovereignty over natural resources also explains enthousiasm for soft-law, which is adaptable. Programs, such as the tropical forestry action program, and statements are numerous, while binding principles are few and vague. On the other hand, the effectiveness of international instruments related to tropical forest conservation has been limited by development and trade policies. Since 1972, interdependence between environment and development is increasingly recognized by economic and financial institutions. However, reforms are often insufficient or uncomplete. In addition, conflicts among existing international policies remain numerous. Harmonization among international instruments, and collaboration among international organizations are required to reach a coherent and effective international system promoting tropical forest sustainable management
Granger, Damien. "Méthodologie d'aide à la gestion durable des eaux urbaines". Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0068/these.pdf.
Testo completoNowadays urban drainage system becomes much more than a simple removal of storm-water and sewage out of the city. New management objectives and techniques are considered, for instance related to protection of aquatic environment or mitigation of nuisances due to the wastewater system. The urban water system becomes more and more complicated and many experts consider the necessity of replacing the concept of urban drainage by the concept of urban water management. The waters produced within the city must be integrated to design, organisation and management of the city. It is then necessary to define means of interactions and cooperation between every organisations and actors, at the scale of the urban area and at the scale of the catchment area. These changes must concern both the technical facilities (object, device) and the organisations (local authorities, firms, non-profit organisations, etc. ) which contribute to urban water management and provide services. This goal can be achieved if service provision can be objectively assessed. This assessment allows stakeholders to choose the most efficient strategies. The objective of our project is to develop and test a pluri-disciplinary assessment methodology allowing to measure service provided by the urban water management system; and stakeholders to choose a strategy in order to improve service provision. This methodology allows assessing the efficiency of a strategy a priori and after implementation, in order to provide a comprehensive decision support (support to public discussion regarding the definition of assessment criteria, production of scientific data, rationalization of decisions within deliberation processes). This methodology is currently applied on the Mulhousian agglomeration in close collaboration with the SIVOM (Syndicat Intercommunal à Vocation Multiple) of the Mulhousian agglomeration, the Lyonnaise Des Eaux and the local stakeholders (associations, Water Agency, etc. )
Alachi, Ezei Kali. "La gestion durable des ressources en eau au Niger". Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO1004.
Testo completoThe Analysis of the sustainable management of water resources in Niger area reveals that the development of its contemporary water law and strategies are influenced by western legal models and water policies. Before the domination of occidental models, customary mechanisms and traditional techniques belonging to water resources management allowed sustainable use of these last ones. They still enjoy the social legitimacy and are widely applied in rural areas through all Africa. This situation involves the phenomenon of legal pluralism, because the African States, in particular French-speaking, immortalized the western legal models, instead of conceiving strategies adapted to local realities. This paradoxical situation puts not only difficulties of management for national waters and shared basins in particular Niger River and Chad Lake, but also the challenge of the effectiveness of human right for the drinking water. Indeed, national and regional water laws, basin commissions set up after African independence do not answer the requirements of sustainable, integrated water resource management for the benefit of present and future generations. Answering these incapacities and constraints implies that cultural dimensions, local knowledge in water or environment sector have to be recognized and valued by international, regional and national actions. This perspective will facilitate the elaboration of regulations adapted to local preoccupations, the consolidation of shared water committees, and the implementation of participative strategies and contribute for the durability of actions for management of water resource in Niger area
Abbas, Oras. "Systèmes intelligents pour une gestion durable des réseaux d’assainissement". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10202.
Testo completoThis thesis concerns the implementation of the concept of smart sewage network. It was conducted within the SunRise Smart City project, which aims at the construction of a demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City on the Scientific City Campus of the University of Lille 1. Our research work carried out on the campus which equivalent to a town of 25 000 users is organized into 4 parts. The first part includes a literature survey of researches conducted on sewage networks as well as their management. It shows all the advantages of the dynamic management of sewage networks within the Smart City concept. The second part presents the site of the Scientific City Campus, which is used as a pilot site for the demonstrator in this thesis. It describes the collection of data concerning both the sewerage infrastructure and inspection and the integration of these data in a geographic information system (GIS). The 3rd part summarizes the results of the water quality control in the sewerage network. It describes in detail the presence of various quality components in the effluent and gives an explanation. The last part describes the instrumentation set up as part of this work and the first results. It provides analysis of the sewage network using the collected data as well as a numerical modeling. It results in recommendations for the improvement of the management of the sewage network
Andrianifahanana, Michel. "Typologie et mise en valeur des systèmes agraires du complexe des aires protégées de la montagne d'Ambre (Madagascar)". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10235.
Testo completoTini, Apollinaire Botta Henri Motcho Henri. "La gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Niamey au Niger essai pour une stratégie de gestion durable /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=tini.
Testo completoChemarin, Sophie. "Analyse critique de la gestion des nouveaux risques". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0036.
Testo completoMbakidi, Horsini Leandre. "Gestion forestière durable et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique Centrale". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS020S.
Testo completoEnvironmental issues have in recent years become so important on the international scene it is today inconceivable to develop a forestry policy framework which is not oriented towards the sustainable management of forest resources and the conservation of biological diversity sity found in natural areas. The Central African countries are particularly affected by this double challenge as they host the second World Heritage tropical forest. The forest estate has a unique biodiversity, described as second only to the planet because of its contribution to global ecological balance. The Central African forests are under increasing human pressure: hunting and habitat degradation, by extension of agricultural land, energy needs and, above all uncontrolled logging. Concerns about forest management practices in this area therefore require the introduction of changes in their application for a sustainable forest management. A common approach to Central African countries in managing forest resources seems necessary to contribute to sustainable development in the sub-region and the global ecological balance. The issue of forests in Central Africa thus refers to a process of regional integration in the forest sector as a "tool" of interest to the sustainable management of forests and to increase its economic and social contribution to the sub-regional economies
Huitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques". Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Testo completoGautier-Touchefeu, François. "Le developpement rural, le developpement durable et la gestion patrimoniale". Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4023.
Testo completoDufrasnes, Emmanuel. "Approche systémique de l'évaluation et du management des quartiers durables : vers un observatoire des écoquartiers". Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS016.
Testo completoTo meet the challenges posed by urban development our « Habitat » should be perceived in a more enlarged and overall design to enable new forms of solidarity in daily life to emerge, in order to reconcile the protection of the environment, economic efficiency and social equity. In search of an answer , planners and public authorities expect a systemic framework based on assessment tools appropriate to the context of each urban project. However, first returns experiences on sustainable neighborhoods show obtaining performance depends largely on the management of the operation and its players. While continuing the work begun in the definition of the project « ADEQUA », we developed a methodological framework enabling us to achieve a share of a wider benchmaking of « sustainable neighborhoods ». The proposed methodology allows also to model and predict objectively the similarities or differences between the major players in the operation of urban development. Ultimately, this approach aims to be extended within the European project « Eco-OBS » to determine the efficiency of urban operations not only to themselves but also their methods of project managements
Gnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable". Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
Testo completoIn last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
Gnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
Testo completoIn last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
Chopart, Jean-Louis. "Relations entre état physique du sol, systèmes racinaires et fonctionnement hydrique du peuplement végétal : outils d'analyse in situ et exemples d'études en milieu tropical à risque climatique élevé". Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10163.
Testo completoLabrossse, Alexis. "Gestion optimale des ressources et développement durable pour une entreprise forestière". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38123.pdf.
Testo completoReynaud, Arnaud. "Gestion durable d'une ressource naturelle : le cas du système aquifère girondin". Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10023.
Testo completoGourguet, Sophie. "Viabilité biologique et économique pour la gestion durable de pêcheries mixtes". Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0060/document.
Testo completoEmpirical evidence and the theoretical literature both point to stock sustainability and the protection of marine biodiversity as important fisheries management issues. Decision-support tools are increasingly required to operationalize the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. These tools need to integrate (i) ecological and socio-economic drivers of changes in fisheries and ecosystems; (ii) complex dynamics; (iii) deal with various sources of uncertainty; and (iv) incorporate multiple, rather than single objectives. The stochastic co-viability approach addresses the trade-offs associated with balancing ecological, economic and social objectives throughout time, and takes into account the complexity and uncertainty of the dynamic interactions which characterize exploited ecosystems and biodiversity. This thesis proposes an application of this co-viability approach to the sustainable management of mixed fisheries, using two contrasting case studies: the French Bay of Biscay (BoB) demersal mixed fishery and the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF). Both fisheries entail direct and indirect impacts on mixed species communities while also generating large economic returns. Their sustainability is therefore a major societal concern. A dynamic bio-economic modelling approach is used to capture the key biological and economic processes governing these fisheries, combining age- (BoB) or size- (NPF) structured models of multiple species with recruitment uncertainty, and multiple fleets (BoB) or fishing strategies (NPF). Economic uncertainties relating to input and output prices are also considered. The bioeconomic models are used to investigate how the fisheries can operate within a set of constraints relating to the preservation of Spawning Stock Biomasses (BoB) or Spawning Stock Size Indices (NPF) of a set of key target species, maintenance of the economic profitability of various fleets (BoB) or the fishery as a whole (NPF), and limitation of fishing impacts on the broader biodiversity (NPF), under a range of alternative scenarios and management strategies. Results suggest that under a status quo strategy both fisheries can be considered as biologically sustainable, while socio-economically (and ecologically in the NPF case) at risk. Despite very different management contexts and objectives, viable management strategies suggest a reduction in the number of vessels in both cases. The BoB simulations allow comparison of the trade-offs associated with different allocations of this decrease across fleets. Notably, co-viability management strategies entail a more equitable allocation of effort reductions compared to strategies aiming at maximizing economic yield. In the NPF, species catch diversification strategies are shown to perform well in controlling the levels of economic risk, by contrast with more specialized fishing strategies. Furthermore analyses emphasize the importance to the fishing industry of balancing global economic performance with inter-annual economic variability. Promising future developments based on this research involve the incorporation of a broader set of objectives including social dimensions, as well as the integration of ecological interactions, to better address the needs of ecosystem-based approaches to the sustainable harvesting of marine biodiversity
Nowaczyk, Julien. "L'intégration du développement durable dans la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement". Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ001D/document.
Testo completoCorporate Social Responsibility is commonly accepted within the business community as a new platform to drive success in mitigating new emerging risks and facilitating access to emerging markets. However, in doing so, businesses are now facing new barriers derived from the difficulty on how to implement such a complex new market expectation. The challenge ahead is now to turn these obstacles into opportunities. CSR is asking businesses to notably open their risk management to external pressures, especially direct stakeholders. In that respect, this research paper intends to focus on the relationship with suppliers for a responsible supply chain management. Various aspects of this specific stakeholder shall be treated throughout the paper: What are the risks? How a CSR vision should be implemented in the whole supply chain? What are the relevant tools and methods? We have analysed various theoretical trends (contract theory, transaction costs theory, stakeholders theory, etc…) coupled with numerous businesses case studies in order to offer a relevant and up to date stakeholder mapping with regards to Sustainable procurement
Li, Hang. "Utilisation de matériaux bois intelligents pour la gestion durable des infrastructures". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30288/document.
Testo completoFor fifteen years, we restart to construct with wood, and particularly with glulam to respond to the new challenges imposed by the issues of sustainable development. However, degradation issues related to moisture content (MC) or wetting/drying cycles limit the development of timber structures. As a result, the MC monitoring in timber structures becomes a critical issue. Today, several solutions exist but they do not allow a local monitoring in the lamellas of glulam. Such a solution would improve the prediction of the service life of timber structures. In the light of this observation, we proposed to transform glulam into "smart material" by embedding a MC monitoring system in the lamellas, and this, considering the major constraints of fabrication of this material (small glue line thickness, important bonding pressure, etc.). To achieve this, we have conducted a bibliographic research, in order to select the monitoring methods which can satisfy these constraints. According to this research, two technologies turn out to be interesting: the electrical measurements and the ultrasonic measurements. Several measurement configurations were proposed and tested in this PhD work. Thereafter, we conducted preliminary tests to make sure of the good functionality of these measurement configurations, and also to verify the behavior of sensors throughout the glulam fabrication process. Afterwards, we moistened the specimens with two different moistening protocols in order to verify the feasibility of MC monitoring with embedded sensors. Results showed that all the measurement configurations are operational for the MC monitoring in glulam specimens. Moreover, for electrical measurements, our results show that we can adopt almost the same calibration models for the MC monitoring by resistive measurements, no matter the type of sensors used. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain complementary information by the realization of the resistive and capacitive measurements at the same time, using surface electrodes. Regarding the ultrasonic measurements, we have obtained the sensibility curves in frequency of several families of piezoelectric film sensors. On the other hand, the influence of bonding pressure and of sensor distance on the electrical/ultrasonic measurements was also investigated in this study. Future studies will consist in using these measurement configurations to perform in situ monitoring in timber structures, and also to establish a link between the durability of glulam structures and the wetting/drying cycles in order to predict the service life of timber structures
Tini, Apollinaire. "La gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Niamey au Niger : essai pour une stratégie de gestion durable". Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Testo completoThe simple analysis it self of the two cohabiting systems, shows the problems found in the town development control and mainly financial problems that the municipality experiment and endure. After the comparative study of these two systems which depicts differences and evident lacks concerning service organisation and stakeholders role, we think that it will be illusive to imagine in short term to establish a solid waste collect and elimination system, to the city as a whole, as usual as in developed countries. Based on this hypothesis, our thesis (the new strategy) proposes to cohabit in technical, economic, social and institutional coherence, the two collecting systems. This strategy aims at making coherent the efforts of all: populations, private sector, association and other stakeholders, municipal institutions, government, sponsors. We want it to be clear and simple to be understood by all, for stimulate everyone’s action and engage everyone in a behavioural changing process. Its practice needs nevertheless a real political will and a compromise of all stakeholders true dynamical stakeholders process
Mabika, Jérôme. "Exploitation et gestion durable de la forêt gabonaise : analyse géographique et problèmes de gestion et d'aménagement forestier". Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30037.
Testo completoBlanc, Armelle. "Analyse de cycle de vie des filières de traitement des sites industriels pollues". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0123.
Testo completoThe management of industrial polluted sites is a major issue. From isolated problems, polluted sites are now the subject of a national policy. More particularly from an environmental viewpoint, the choice of the objective of the treatment and the selection of suitable treatment techniques need to take into account a lot of conflicting criteria. But the case of industrial polluted sites is, above all, an illustration of the double process of « appropriation-disappropriation » which characterises any technical activity. The polluted site is a form of« disappropriation » inherited from past activities. On one hand, the treatment allows an « appropriation » of the site but, on the other hand, it induces an exploitation of natural resources which can be considered as a « disappropriation » process. We need methods to control this « appropriation-disappropriation » process. Life cycle assessment, which aims at assessing environmental impacts on the life cycle of products, seems to suit properly. But a more precise analysis of the method shows that it cannot assess environmental impacts of technical systems. We have called this phenomenon «the paradox of life cycle assessment ». We have suppressed this paradox and proposed. A new interpretation of the method, showing that it is a good tool for improving the productivity of natural resources. LCA can be used in a more general procedure for the control of the development of technical activities. We conclude with an illustration of the use of LCA for the choice of the treatment of a site polluted by sulphur
Chamich, Mohamed. "Gestion des conflits liés aux ressources naturelles dans l'arganeraie de Souss (Maroc)". Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20098.
Testo completoThe forest of argan tree is an agro-sylvo-pastoral ecosystem of a very big originality. The agrarian system articulates around three major productions: the products of the argan tree, the breeding and the agriculture. This resource, for a long time plentiful, became rare because of an intense exploitation on behalf of the rustic communities, the breeders nomads and foresters. This situation compromises the economic development of the region. The economic, social and political transformations have an obvious effect on the relations which the various factors maintain with the forest of argan tree. The revealing of the multiplicity of the actors and the functions of the argan tree explains the development of the conflicts concerning the usage of this resource. The present work has as an objective, on one hand, to demonstrate the problem of the conflicts in the arganeraie of Souss, notably the identification of the conflicts and the analysis of the various socioeconomic stakes in these conflicts (causes, implied persons, nature and impact). And on the other hand, study the various mechanisms contributing to the management and to the neutralization of these conflicts, and consequently, insure one long-lasting local development of this territory. To do it, we proceeded to individual and collective interviews with various factors involved in the management of the arganeraie (farmers, breeders, waterworks and Forests, etc. ) It is necessary to note that the resolution of the conflicts is strictly connected to the cultural specificities, to the community structures and to the type of communication between users. This resolution remains at present difficult and ambiguous because of the presence of several factors: Users of the arganeraie of Souss, and the pluri-institutional device
Delchet-Cochet, Karen. "La prise en compte du développement durable par les entreprises, entre stratégies et normalisation : étude de la mise en oeuvre des recommandations du guide Afnor SD21000 au sein d'un échantillon de PME françaises". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/77/93/21/PDF/2006_these_K_delchet.pdf.
Testo completoAFNOR published, in May 2003, the SD21000, guide for the taking into account of the stakes of sustainable development in enterprise management and strategies. Translation of its recommendations in a diagnosis tool, and its experimentation within 78 French SME, will enable us to validate our assumptions - if considering of stakeholders and their expectations is a necessary condition, it is not sufficient to integrate sustainable development principles -, and contribute to the favourable location of the SD21000 Guide in the perspective of the intended ISO 26000. If our companies progressed on most of the stakes in particular those relative to the of production and consumption modes, until then underestimated, the environmental stakes in long term remain insufficiently taken into account by companies, asking the question of the role of authorities
Masson, François-Xavier. "Gestion des sols de la Région du Nord (France) : relation sols et formations superficielles : proposition d'une démarche générale". Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10092.
Testo completoSamba, René. "La gestion du développement durable des forêts tropicales : application au Congo-Brazzaville". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4006.
Testo completoNascimento, Januário da Rocha. "Gestion intégrée de l'eau et développement durable : le cas du Cap-Vert". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR066/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the problem of water use in a poor, vulnerable, semi-arid West African archipelago where the issue of water resources has always posed major problems, problems which five centuries of colonization were unable to solve. In an open, interdependent world in which issues of environmental sustainability, agricultural production, food security and the fight against poverty and in favor of development are major challenges for the planet and its inhabitants, integrated water resources management (IWRM) constitutes an interesting solution for an economy of water that responds to these difficulties in the country.The objective of the thesis is to contribute to the implementation of integral water resource management in the territory of the Republic of Cabo Verde. It questions the “adopted model” of hydraulic dams, with the example of the Polião Dam in Ribeira Seca valley, on the island of Santiago, the first dam built in Cabo Verde, with the help of the People’s Republic of China. It examines the role and effects of irrigation, the impacts of engaging therein on the local environment, and the socio-economic problems caused by water usage in the Ribeira Seca watershed.The thesis also uses international comparisons to raise questions related to the legal, regulatory and institutional governance of water in Cabo Verde. Finally, it proposes a water management model inspired by the Integrated Water Resources Management approach
A presente tese aborda a questão do uso da água num arquipélago Oeste Africano semiárido, pobre, vulnerável, onde a questão dos recursos hídricos sempre levantou problemas graves, que cinco séculos de colonização não conseguiram resolver. Num mundo interdependente e aberto, onde as questões de sustentabilidade ambiental, a produção agrícola, a segurança alimentar e a luta contra a pobreza e pelo desenvolvimento são as questões fundamentais para (a preservação) do planeta e seus habitantes, a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos (GIRH) é uma solução interessante para uma economia cabo-verdiana da água que responda a estes desafios.O objetivo desta tese é o de contribuir para a implementação da GIRH no território da República de Cabo Verde. A tese questiona sobre o "modelo transferido " de barragens, como por exemplo o da Barragem de Poilão na Ribeira Seca, na ilha de Santiago, a primeira barragem construída em Cabo Verde, com a ajuda da Cooperação chinesa. A tese examina o papel e os efeitos da irrigação, o impacto da sua implementação no ambiente local, assim como os problemas socioeconómicos causados pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica de Ribeira Seca.A tese interroga-se sobre a questão da governança jurídica, regulamentar e institucional da água em Cabo Verde, usando o direito comparado internacional. Finalmente, a tese oferece um modelo de gestão da água, com base na abordagem GIRH
Ben, Zaied Younes. "Gestion durable de l'eau résidentielle et tarification incitative en Tunisie : essais économétriques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G021/document.
Testo completoIf Tunisia, as well as all the other similar countries, wants to avoid, or at least to postpone the mobilization of non conventional water (desalinization, virtual water, etc.) with sensibly higher costs, the only alternative is to rely on appropriate water demand management. Water pricing must be considered seriously as a useful tool, with certainly the other non price instruments, such as awareness, education, water conservation and participatory management, to keep under control the demand evolution. In this thesis, we use Tunisian data and a decomposition into two water consumption blocks to estimate residential water demand function. Firstly, seasonal investigations show that Tunisian water pricing policy was not perfect. The lower block’s consumers are most affected by water tariff progressivity than upper block’s consumers. The seasonal fluctuations and the alternation of rainy and dry seasons affect only lower block’s consumers. We then advocate increasing the lower block’s length in summer to keep poorest family well being unchanged and reaching social equity. For the upper block’s consumers, we recommend applying seasonal water price to keep under control their water use evolution. Second, in the regional study, we find that the long run water price elasticity is more important in the lower block than the upper one. Moreover, water demand is sensible to price in regions characterized by economic dynamism. We think that a decentralized water pricing system can perfectly control water use especially by upper block’s consumers
Morlat, Clément. "Modélisation dynamique des systèmes de coûts pour une gestion durable des territoires". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV115/document.
Testo completoThe creation of economic value is a process resting on territorial heritage, which comprises ecologic, technical and social functions that articulate the various elements of the productive capital and guarantee its continued availability. Added value is a monetary representation of its effects on the individual activity of the entities of this territory. However, this heritage is a common good. A collective and multicriteria evaluation would provide a better view of its intrinsic qualities.Functional economy takes into account the maintenance of that heritage at the root with the cooperative design of “product service” offers agreed between the territory’s entities. Micro and macroeconomic accounting could adapt to this representation of the productive system.The study of the energetic retrofit of private tertiary buildings and of the sourcing of construction aggregates in the region of Paris show the relevance of an integrated governance. Multicriteria and multi stake-holder deliberations enable to generate development scenarios that enhance the economic interests of all parties concerned and facilitate the maintenance of the territorial heritage.The relevant information needed for those representations and scenarios to emerge could be made available at all levels of assessment, throughout the process of deliberation, contract-making and valorization. It is key to economic innovation and more sustainable territorial development. The systems and practices involved in managing information can thus be seen as having a productive and heritage value
Moore, Rickie Savall Henri. "Evaluation de la performance économique durable des entreprises méthodes et pratiques américaines et européennes /". Grenoble : ANRT-Grenoble, 2005. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr:8080/oo2xml/production/lyon3/2005/moore_r/html/index-frames.html.
Testo completoMoore, Rickie Savall Henri. "Evaluation de la performance économique durable des entreprises méthodes et pratiques américaines et européennes /". Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2005/moore_r.
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