Tesi sul tema "Gestion du risque – Aspect politique"
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Rezenthel, Sarah. "La gestion du risque terroriste aux Jeux Olympiques : mutations et enjeux depuis le 11 septembre 2001". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL002.
Testo completoMaupin, Agathe. "L' espace hydropolitique de l'Afrique australe : le risque hydropolitique dans les politiques de gestion de l'eau des bassins frontaliers". Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30070.
Testo completoLeconte, Arnaud. "Combler l'écart entre la gestion de l'information et du risque social : : le marché européen du carbone, un modèle pour un marché global du carbone?" Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0012.
Testo completoThe development of a new emerging market of carbon emission rights, the EU ETS (European Trading Scheme), since 2005 represents the first empirical attempt to capture new information (the carbon price) in climate risk management. A future global and efficent carbon price set by the market system assumes the existence of financial and technological transfer mechanisms to developing countries under the equity principle. The fair distribution of resources and risks is critical in the carbon market, and issues of equity are central to securing a global action programme to deal with climate change. Most economic studies consider that the carbon market is superior to other instruments (such as the carbon tax) in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Formal modelisation in economics focuses on neo-classical models where perfect information is assumed. However, even a small amount of information imperfection has a profound effect on the nature of the equilibrium. The loss of confidence in the market mechanism observed in the current crisis leads to propose a new way of analysing financial markets. Under a framework of interactions between imperfect information and speculative flows, the new model developed in the present thesis, called PRISME, identifies and addresses the six key functions of financial markets: Price, Risk, Incentives, Social, Multiplier and Effectiveness. .
Gubert, Flore. "Migration et gestion collective des risques : l’exemple de la région de Kayes (Mali)". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF10219.
Testo completoZylberberg, Yanos. "Essais sur les catastrophes naturelles". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0047.
Testo completoThis thesis looks at reallocation of resources in the aftermath of natural disasters. The first part investigates the patterns of voluntary redistribution in small Vietnamese villages affected by a wave of tropical typhoons. The influence of needy families affects the reallocation process. In particular, the degree of redistribution is smaller when the distribution of losses is skewed in favour of spared families. When affected households are in the minority, they do not put enough pressure on the rest of the community and cannot extract a large compensation from them. The second part of this thesis analyzes the macroeconomic distortions induced by natural disasters. Capital losses of the order of 1 € generates economic slack of 40 cents. A temporary decrease of productivity is responsible for at least 2/3 of this production slowdown. This part also illustrates the importance of financial frictions in the immediate recovery after a shock. Affected entrepreneurs may lose access to credit as a result of their capital losses. Differential responses of economies following catastrophes are greatly explained by this dimension
Bignoumba, Backouyanga Diane Marina. "Les enjeux de la gestion du risque environnemental dans la zone de N'Toum au Gabon : cas de l'entreprise CIMGABON". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0358.
Testo completoThe end of 1970s in the municipality of N'Toum in the Gabun is marked by the setting-up of one of the most important ompanies of the country the specialityof which is the extraction and the manufacturing of clinker. However, the activity of the company CIMGABON has negative consequences which are translated by a considerable modification of the environmental landscape. It is to remedy this situation common to several companies of the country that Gabon opted, since the end of 1990s, under the pressure of the international authorities in particular, for an environmental policy, putting henceforth in the center of the action, the actors (political, social, environmental) taken in a logic of co-management, as condition necessary for a better management of the environment. The participation in so allowed to give a legitimacy to often rejected actors. However, these actors meet numerous difficulties constituting as full entities of this environmental management, the latter remaining thus chaotic
Bignoumba, Backouyanga Diane Marina. "Les enjeux de la gestion du risque environnemental dans la zone de N'Toum au Gabon : cas de l'entreprise CIMGABON". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020557.
Testo completoAffeltranger, Bastien. "Le contrôle de la vérité : (Géo)Politique de l'information hydrologique. Le cas du bassin du Mékong, Asie du Sud-Est". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25226/25226.pdf.
Testo completoRoussary, Aurélie. "Vers une recomposition de la gouvernance de la qualité de l'eau potable en France : de la conformité sanitaire à l'exigence de qualité environnementale". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494624.
Testo completoComby, Émeline. "Pour qui l'eau ? Les contrastes spatio-temporels des discours sur le Rhône (France) et le Sacramento (Etats-Unis)". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30043/document.
Testo completoA given society’s relationship with water is contextual, based on individual and public perceptions. This research investigated how public perception has been shaped by different stakeholders in two different river systems. To do so, we compared the trajectories of the Rhône River (France) and the Sacramento River (United States) by combining field observations with a principal dataset of 5,985 newspaper articles. Because the definition of social problems occurs within public arenas, this retrospective study of newspaper coverage allowed us to evaluate exogenous and endogenous discontinuities, static and dynamic constraints, and environmental and social trajectories. Media coverage was analyzed using content, quotation, and textual data analysis as well as GIS. Conflict between values entails interaction between different arenas, mobilizes spokespeople, and consolidates power relations. The Advocacy Coalition Framework promotes the hybridization between bottom-up and top-down policies and legitimizes different processes of discussion and problem-solving. Dialog between stakeholders exists in space and time between here and elsewhere, present and past, and risk and disasters. These temporal factors were addressed with a synchronic study. During the twentieth century, the Rhône River and the Sacramento River have undergone a great number of changes, primarily due to different decisions made at the national level. Nevertheless in both basins, advocacy coalitions have been key sources of political changes for thirty years: they share a set of beliefs and act in concert to address local concerns in water policy. Finally, a more detailed case study is presented for the Rhône basin, where French law and scientific knowledge require integrated river basin management. The Rhône case study demonstrates the spatial and temporal variability of opinions, debates, and discourses about water, which often embody tensions because of conflicting demands
Lugova, Marina. "Changement Strategique et la Valeur d'Entreprise". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCG010.
Testo completoThis research focuses on the effect of strategic change on firm market value. The first objective of the study is to construct a new measure of strategic change from textual data in corporate reports. This novel text-based measure aims to overcome the limitations of the accounting measure of strategic change and provide novel insights into the intricate strategic change-performance relationships. The second objective is to contribute to strategic management literature by integrating political risk contingency into the theory of strategic change. Employing longitudinal data from the pharmaceutical industry from 2002 to 2020, we demonstrated the moderating effect of political risk. Previous studies did not take political contingency into their models. Our results suggest that the relationship between strategic change and market value is U-shaped in a high political-risk environment, but this relationship flips to an inverted U-shape in a low political-risk environment. The third objective is to disentangle strategic change into three components: deviation of the firm’s strategic change from the industry average, complexity of strategic change, and persistence of strategic change. We contribute to competitive advantage literature by examining how the uniqueness of strategic change influences firm market value and how complexity and persistence moderate this association. Our findings are robust and account for the potential endogeneity of strategic change
Neri, O'Neill Rebeca. "Démontrer une promesse fragile : Genèse, Régime et Politisation de la démonstration des techniques de captage, de transport et de stockage du CO₂ (CTSC) en Europe". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0021.
Testo completoMy thesis concerns the process of demonstration of CO₂ capture, transport and storage (CISC) in the European Union. This conception allows the construction of the promise of a future with reduced CO₂ emissions, which does not exclude the continuation of the use of fossil energies. During the last decade, the European Commission has established a partnership vvith industrial actors in an initiative of CTSC «demonstration» organised around the development of on site demonstrators, in order to bring these techniques to a commercial state. This process has been marked by intense debates and local conflicts, especially in what regards the risks associated with CO₂ leakage. The Commission puts forth slogans concerning the need for conciliation with the citizens. However, the process of CTSC demonstration does indeed produce a division between uncertainties that may be controlled (demonstrated) which are in the forefront, and others whose possibilités of reduction seem less certain, which are placed in the background. Thus, the interrogation here bears on the characterisation of this way of dividing the uncertainties as well as on the manner by which a policy, based on demonstration, might produce kinds of agreements among the distinct actors implicated. My analysis proposes a periodisation of the process (1972-2012) in three large phases : Genesis, Regime, and Politicisation. I develop my arguments based on four case studies : the activity of the European technological platform devoted to CTSC, « Zéro Emission Platform for Fossil Fuels » (ZEP), and three more CTSC demonstration projects, two in France and another one in Barendrecht, in the Netherlands
Maréchal, Jean-Paul. "La gestion économique du risque environnemental majeur". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010038.
Testo completoThe last thirty years have seen the risk of pollution increasingly take the form of major technological accidents and micropollutions. It is this new kind of risk that we call "major environmental risk". The aim of this thesis is to determine how this new risk can be submitted to economic management. After having demonstrated that the major environmental risk is a non-probabilisable risk due to an inmeasurable probability of occurrence and unpredictable real maximum consequences - a situation of uncertainty according to f. H. Knight's defini- tion - with the notions of responsibility liability and general interest being chal- lenged, the author proposes a double economic management of the major environmental risk. First, a "downstream management" based ont he "economy of conventions" consist- ing of a four level insurance system. Second, an "upstream management" which, given the limits of the neoclassical theory in general and the decision theory in particular, requires the conceptualiza- tion of an "open economy" whereby the means of intervention is the "normative manage- ment under constraint"
Salvador, Marie-Line. "La gestion contractuelle du risque industriel". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10033/document.
Testo completoThe action of public authorities forces an industrial risk management. The initial problem resided in determining the function of a contract under an industrial risk management. After having identified the legislative devises and the position of jurisprudence, it turned out that the law orients the management towards the prevention of attacks. To ensure the object of management, the industrial risk had to be determined. The risk having a negative aspect could be legally translated by potential losses. The industrial risk management lies in preventing the realization of losses. After this analysis, a contract improves the knowledge of a risk. The main contribution of the contract lies in the awakening of consciousness of the reality of industrial risk. This effect is the pillar of its contract management. The contract promotes knowledge of the industrial risk the parties incur, as well as the awakening of their consciousness about the potential harm. By the awakening of their consciousness, the contractors should be prepared to invest in preventing the realization of losses. The contract truly brings added value in the industrial risk management
Dhenain, Sandrine. "Les territoires littoraux languedociens face aux changements globaux : trajectoires et politiques d'adaptation". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0002/document.
Testo completoSince the 2000s, adaptation to climate change has been a new consideration for local territories in France, but its implementation is complex. Adaptation is not only a new issue for public policies but also a concept tinted with a semantic blur. At the same time, it is presented as a very technical issue. It is often highlighted as a state to reach. Decision-makers can "operationalize" adaptation by simply applying a specific methodology. However, adaptation is not only a mechanism but it is also a process that implies economic, social and ecological trade-offs for socio-ecological systems. These political dimensions are often implicit. Our work focuses on adaptation process and public policies. We studied local public policies implemented and discussed for the coastlines on the eastern coastal area of Languedoc Roussillon in the south of France that is facing global changes. We combine vulnerability and resilience approaches with sociology/political science in order to investigate adaptation pathways and local public policies and instruments. We conducted an empirical analysis of local actions and strategic plans related to climate but also to urban planning, flooding and water management. In order to provide a vehicle to clarify this concept of adaptation and its political dimensions, we propose a typology of adaptation measures. We found four logics that associate different political instruments and reflect different degrees of transformation. Secondly, we show that the issue of adaptation is framed differently by the different stakeholders. We show the gap between the national frame of standards and multiple local frames. Those frames can limit the panel of solutions that are discussed locally and can allow for compromises. The different types of actions constitute the ‘repertoire’ of adaptation but its implementation is constrained by local configurations of actors, power relationships. Throughout our work, we have highlighted the political dimensions of adaptation actions, power relationships and governance issues. We shed a light on trade-offs inherent in adaptation choices
Le, Bihan-Charpentier Véronique. "Analyse économique du risque en conchyliculture". Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4024.
Testo completoShellfish farming takes place within complex, vulnerable and highly anthropized ecosystems. Regulating access to resources is made difficult by their very nature of common property. Dynamic interactions between shellfish farming ecosystems and socio-systems raise the issue of mankind's relationship to nature at the land-sea interface. Far from being a mere extraction of resources from a natural environment, shellfish farming also transforms the marine habitat and sometimes contributes to its enrichment while facing the environmental and anthropogenic risks which are also part of its identity. We develop the idea that the multiple risks faced by shellfish farmers and the lack of appropriate coverage mechanisms account for the ongoing absence of solutions to stock externality issues, namely the collective overproduction with respect to the carrying capacity of a marine area. The economic approach to risk in shellfish farming shows a great diversity of hazards for farmers. The ambiguities affecting the probabilities of events and the uncertainty surrounding their consequences strengthen the difficulty of providing an accurate definition and assessment for some of the risks. The implementation of risk management measures depends on how farmers perceive risks and which mechanisms are available to reduce them. We show that many risk management tools relate to prevention, risk transfer as well as national or international solidarity mechanisms. Against exceptional outbreaks and looking for protection, farmers' choices are nevertheless reaching some limits which they have to accommodate while not necessarily wishing to set them off. Finally we propose a model that may not only allow to understand more accurately the consequences of a disaster but may also guide the investment decision and the implementation of risk mitigation measures
Jaffeux, Corynne. "Risque de change et PME exportatrice". Orléans, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ORLE0504.
Testo completoAubier, Angélique. "Comprendre et gérer la liquidité comme un risque financier". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10200.
Testo completoThis thesis examines whether the liquidity is a risk. This new comprehension of the liquidity is based on the problem of the liquidity variability in particular during the recent financial crises. To imagine the liquidity as a risk can allow to give solutions to the investors by using the traditional techniques of risk management. From the definition of the risk in finance, we propose a classification in three distinct natures of risks, each one being able to characterize a priori the liquidity risk : the systematic risk, the specific risk and the catastrophe risk. We analyze and model successively each one of these natures of risk. We conclude, according to our results that the specific risk can be a way to estimate and manage the risk of liquidity. The approach that we adopted, based on the order book analysis allow optimal strategies of orders placement, few subjected to the liquidity risk. In addition, the catastrophe risk examination by the analysis of liquidity extreme values, shows that this component caused considerable losses for an investor. Lastly; the systematic risk of liquidity seems not to exist since our results do not validate this assumption
Mayer, Julie. "DE L’ATTENTION AU RISQUE : une perspective attentionnelle de la construction sociale du risque par les organisations". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED059.
Testo completoThis study addresses organizations’ ability to manage their attention to risks, in an increasingly complex and uncertain environment. Risks, regardless their nature, can be ambiguous or even unthinkable: thus, delimiting where, when and how to allocate attention remains a challenge. Through their structures, organizations attempt to manage this attention as a scarce resource: to which extent can organizations manage their attention to risks? We answer this question by mobilizing theories that consider risk as an object socially constructed by organizations. We mobilize the Attention-Based View to explore the ambiguous role of attention (i.e. the allocation of time and efforts to environment’s objects) in risk construction.This study relies on the analysis of practices in twelve organizations from various sectors, through sixty interviews with risk managers, top managers and middle managers. We describe risk construction as an “art of photographing”, through the succession of attentional mechanisms. We show that as an “object”, risk is a way to express the artificial reconstitution of a reality, but also organizations’ intention or capacity to act toward their environment. As a “structure”, risk reflects a particular way of thinking and organizing, which drives organizational attention in daily practices. Finally, we highlight risk’s “unexpected” effects on attention: paradoxically, risk can both amplify and neutralize attention. Those results invite to consider risk management, theoretically as in practice, as an art of composing with the necessary subjectivity of actors
Durmaz, Nihal. "L'instrumentalisation des risques de catastrophe dans le processus d'urbanisation néolibérale de la ville d'Istanbul : une analyse à partir des quartiers de Sarigöl et Tozkoparan". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG045/document.
Testo completoThis work aims to shed light on how the city of today is designed by revisiting both urban practices (neoliberal approach and risk approach). Through the comparative study of two districts in Istanbul, Sarıg.l and Tozkoparan, designated at risk and subject to urban renewal projects, we analysed the objectives of the projects, their content, the beneficiaries and affected populations. On what grounds and realities are urban public policies based ? How are projects legitimized by risk ? Do they respond to the urban and social problems ? Do they cause new social problems ? The findings on the consequences of urban renewal practices have led us to focus on social issues emerging from conflictual urban dynamics. How are populations affected or will they be affected by these renovations ? The reaction of the inhabitants ?
Elmsiyah, Cherif. "La solvabilité des conglomérats financiers : évaluation, modélisation et gestion du risque". Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0504.
Testo completoAs part of the debate involving many operators on the question of the solvency of financial conglomerates, the assessment of capital needs -beside regulation- the development of internal models able to take into account the effect of diversification and new risks caused by the integration of companies in the conglomerate. Banks and insurance companies develop more and more models of economic capital which are used both for the determination of the demand of statutory capital as well as for managing internal risk and capital. With the influence of the conglomerates of the world financial system, the aim must be to extend the use of these models across conglomerates on a global level. The main challenges facing the construction of these models concern the identification and the modelling of all risks which could affect the solvency of the conglomerates and the correlation between these risks. In addition to the difficulties linked to the assessment of correlations and risks, the methods of measurement and management within the conglomerate could vary from one sector to another and from one entity to another. The purpose of this thesis is to identify and analyse the impact of different sources of diversification and factors of risk – i.e. which are caused by the joint exercise of bank and insurance activity- on the level of risks and the capital of conglomerates
Duclos, Denis. "Le risque industriel : de l'identité institutionnelle au sujet civil : les acteurs sociaux face aux impacts des activités techniques et industrielles sur l'environnement naturel et humain". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0014.
Testo completoThe author analyses, from a sociological point of view, how institutional actors react to technical and industrial hazards, taking examples in developped countries, and especially in France and the United States. He reviews the existing litterature about the experts facing risks, (scientists, safety engineers, economists), the industrial and business behaviour insafety issues, political and administrative attitudes, environmental movements and trade unions dealing with both occupational and environmental risks. The author undertakes the similarities between various institutions: there is a general "cultural bias" which can be characterized as a strong tendency to "euphemize" dangers coming from one's own activity, and, reversedly, to "emphasize" hazards to be attributed to other instances. More generally, social actors tend to perceive risk only within the limits of a "dramatic" construction of reality in which dangers which are not symbolised are simply "non existing". The author tries to sustain this statement by exploring the relationships emerging between the individual and the institution, when they are confronting industrial hazards. The main empirical results (including interviews in American and French situations - in chemical plants) lead the author to the conclusion that reciprocal "implication" (Individual vs. Institution) explains the cultural bias in risk perception. According to this, as far as they tend to become "closed worlds", institutions may develop risk perception systems which are more and more severed from reality. On the contrary, individuals, who deal with different social worlds at the same time, may be "risk reducing factors"
Obégi, Riad Goux Jean-François. "Risque et crédit le certificat hypothécaire, une solution pour les pays émergents /". Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/obegi_r.
Testo completoFakih, Houssam. "Développement et essais de modélisation du risque de crédit". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR30002.
Testo completoIn recent years, enonnous strides have been made in the art and science of credit risk measurement and management. The main reason for this change has resulted in dissatisfaction with traditional approaches to credit risk measurement and with the current regulatory model. The new models of credit risk seek to offer alternative "internal model" approaches to measuring the credit risk of a loan or a portfolio of loans. The thesis provides the motivation for the recent growth of the new credit risk models. It briefly overviews traditional models of risky debt evaluation and examines tbe approaches of tbe new internal models. This thesis presents also two essays on credit risk. Ln the first essay, Networth-to-asset ratio is identified as a primary index for default process modeling. The default condition is defined when the ratio becomes negative the first time. A mean-reverting dynamic model for the default process is justified by using tbeory of optimal capital structure. A discrete time trinomial Markov chain model is developed. A matrix method is given to numerically approximate the default risk in a specific future period. The second essay develops a default risk model that matches the initial default risky term structure, allowing for state dependent default probability and stochastic recovery rate. The default time is modeled as the first jump of a Poisson type process, with time and default-free rate dependent jump intensity. It develops a forward induction algorithm for matching the initial credit yield spread
Barbier, Marc. "Pratiques de recherche et invention d'une situation de gestion d'un risque de nuisance : d'une étude de cas à une recherche-intervention". Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO33002.
Testo completoBoumediene, Aniss. "Gestion de risque de crédit, risque de solvabilité et excès de liquidité dans les banques islamiques : une solution". Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010023.
Testo completoGarcia, Laëtitia. "La gestion du risque sur le marché des matières premières agricoles : application au secteur viti-vinicole". Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG2006.
Testo completoZawali, Naima. "La couverture des risques extremes de catastrophes naturelles : analyse théorique et empirique". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100005.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to better understand the determinants of natural catastrophe insurance systems in the world, as well as of individual behavior towards these risks. We also compare the efficiency of different public intervention forms in catastrophe risk management. Our data come from international organizations, research centers and one controlled experiment. From the typology of countries in terms of flood insurance that we elaborate it appears that the publicly provided flood insurance system is globally dominant and mainly applied in low-income countries with high risk exposure. Mixed public / private system are mainly applied in rich countries with low risk exposure. Concerning insurance demand, the willingness to pay for insurance is significantly lower for catastrophe risks than for other, standard risks, regardless of probability and amount of loss. Comparing different public intervention systems, we show that the most efficient measure is insurance premium subsidy but its costs can be very high for individual whose risk perception is biased
Michel-Kerjan, Erwann. "Contributions à l'économie des "risques à grande échelle" : essais sur le partage des risques catastrophiques". Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24010.
Testo completoHiriart, Yolande. "Équité et risque moral dans les politiques de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010005.
Testo completoRamos-Tallada, Julio. "Les risques de bilan bancaires dans le canal étroit du crédit : micro-fondements de la transmission de la politique monétaire et illustration par le comportement des banques au Brésil". Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090040.
Testo completoLa capacité de la politique monétaire à provoquer des déplacements de l’offre de prêts bancaires est la condition la plus controversée de la transmission via le canal étroit. Cette thèse analyse comment la gestion des principaux risques de bilan affecte les choix des banques confrontées à un choc monétaire. Le courant dominant avance une logique de précaution : la transmission est amplifiée par des contraintes de liquidité, résultant des frictions sur les marchés de capitaux. Or, nous montrons que certaines imperfections tendent à atténuer la réponse des banques à un choc aléatoire sur leur base de dépôts. Nous proposons ensuite une approche basée sur l’optimisation conjointe des risques de crédit, de marché et de taux d’intérêt. Ce motif de diversification gouverne la réponse des banques aux impulsions monétaires même lorsque leur risque de liquidité est faible. Le cas du Brésil en est une bonne illustration. Les crises monétaires passées ont façonné les structures financières : les banques émettent une ample gamme de substituts de la monnaie et détiennent une proportion élevée de titres/crédit. Dans ce cas de figure, nos résultats suggèrent qu’une réduction de la volatilité des taux courts et un allongement des maturités des titres peuvent améliorer l’efficacité de la transmission
Walter, Martin. "Explaining the emergence of transboundary groundwater management : the cases of Guaraní aquifer system, the Hueco and Mesilla Bolsón aquifers, and the Génévois aquifer". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/5rkqqmvrn4tl22s9mc41lidr0.
Testo completoDespite the diversity of the contributions to the analysis of water resources and the myriad of water management experiences, transboundary groundwaters have only relatively recently entered the international political agenda. In line with research dedicated to understanding the challenges associated with the management of water resources and the creation of environmental regulatory frameworks, this dissertation examines the emergence of mechanisms for the management of transboundary groundwater resources. In doing so, it makes a seemingly straightforward inquiry. What are the factors that trigger the emergence and implementation of groundwater management mechanisms? Drawing from the review of the literature and the comparative analysis of three cases of transboundary groundwater management, this research finds that the recognition of groundwater problems is determined by the interplay of three factors: the uses of groundwater, the features of the hydrogeological resources, and the social valuation of the eco-system services provided by the resources. In addition, it suggests that groundwater problems are not sufficient to explain the nature of the mechanisms employed for the management of the resources. It argues that management mechanisms, which may be coordinated or unilateral, result from the configuration of both systemic and socio-institutional factors
Héam, Jean-Cyprien. "Analyse et mesure du risque systémique". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090003/document.
Testo completoThis thesis contributes to the analysis and measure of systemic risk through four chapters. In the first chapter, we discuss the notion of systemic risk and detail the methodological issues of modeling. The second chapter proposes a structural model of solvency contagion. Within an equilibrium model, we measure the contagion by identifying the direct effect of an external shock and its propagation. In the third chapter, we provide a pricing framework for financial institution’s debt encompassing the effect of interconnections between institutions. We compute a risk premium specific to interconnections. In the last chapter, we model the joint effects of the shocks on the asset side and on the liability side of a financial institution. We adapt the usual risk measures to pinpoint the funding liquidity risk and the market liquidity risk. Lastly, we explain how to set the level and the composition of regulatory reserves to control for default risk
Aubert, Cécile. "Essais en théorie des contrats : réglementation et imperfections contractuelles, altruisme et risque moral". Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10079.
Testo completoThe contractual relationship between a principal and an agent may depend on third parties with whom the principal cannot contract. We analyse several such cases. Chapter 1 studies competition between two firms producing imperfect substitues. We analyse the effects of collusion when the regulator can only regulate one of the firms. Chapter 2 consideres renegociation of regulatory contracts. We show that a Government can use these contracts strategically, to influence its successor. In chapter 3, we determine conditions under which the principal benefits from the agent's altruism vis-à-vis a third person. Altruism in multi-agent or multi-principal situations is then studied. Chapter 4 focuses on norms of resource sharing in a community, liking them to the incentives of its members in a relationship with moral hazard
Fiore, Karine. "Industrie nucléaire et gestion du risque d'accident en Europe : du défaut d'internalisation à l'organisation de la couverture". Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32064.
Testo completoThe production of nuclear energy creates environmental and sanitary risks among which the risk of nuclear accident. There is a twofold dimension in the management of such a risk: a preventive dimension and a compensatory one. Given its catastrophic and unpredictable character, the nuclear risk has always been managed in a specific way. In Europe, its management is unsatisfactory. The civil liability regime is beneficial to the nuclear industry as it leads to a lack of internalisation and thus to a limited coverage of potential damages. The financial cap of the nuclear operator's civil liability reduces his incentives for the prevention of accidents. By narrowing its liability, it also limits the burden tied to the coverage of the full potential damages. The organisation of the nuclear risk coverage was heavily conditioned by the civil liability regime and the financial cap it creates. Such an organisation is inefficient. The nuclear insurance market's financial capacity is not enough to compensate for all the potential victims of a major nuclear accident. Moreover, the functioning of this market is quite costly for the nuclear operator. While new electronuclear projects are being launched in Europe, the management of nuclear risks must be questioned in order to find better solutions to the necessity of internalising, preventing and compensating. Nuclear operators should be responsible for all the damages caused through an unlimited liability rule. The coverage of potential damages could also be improved by setting up a risk-sharing agreement at the European scale between operators
Jebli, Sinda. "Une analyse de l'importance des facteurs financiers dans le mécanisme de transmission de la politique monétaire en économie ouverte". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G009.
Testo completoThe return of financial problems for several years has led to a consideration of financial frictions in the New Keynesian models. This thesis attempts to analyze the mechanisms of transmission of financial shocks on the real economy, in the context of a small open economy. The first theoretical approach of this thesis shows that the central bank can be misled by relying on a standard model without the banking sector. It also shows that the implications of financial constraints are relatively more important for the transmission of financial shocks to the main aggregates of a small open economy. The second theoretical approach, which seeks to study the interaction between capital regulation and monetary policy, shows that the introduction of the debt ratio in the Taylor rule does not improve performance compared to a standard interest rate rule. This thesis also proposes an empirical approach to test firstly, the presence of a financial accelerator in the Czech Republic ad secondly, to show that sensitivity to financial constraints is different depending on the size of firms. The results show that micro-firms, more dependent on bank credit, show a strong sensitivity of their investment behavior to the costs of access to external financing
Walbaum, Boris. "L'analyse du risque politique : le cas des réformes de politiques publiques en France". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989597.
Testo completoSierra, Alexis. "Gestion et enjeux des espaces urbains à risque d'origine naturelle : les versants et les quebradas de Quito, Equateur". Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081788.
Testo completoDi, Giacomo Alexandre. "Rémunération des dirigeants et politique financière de l'entreprise". Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20001/document.
Testo completoThe purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of CEO’s compensation package on the risk taking behavior of the firm. We focus on the financial incentives contained in equity based compensation and their interaction. Our sample consists of US firms for the period 1992-2005. The data come from the Compustat and Execucomp databases. The purpose of the first chapter explores the link between CEO’s compensation and the financial constraints of the firm. In a second chapter, we empirically analyze the effect of financial incentives on the risk of investment. We use Research and Development expenses level as a proxy of the risk of investment. In a third chapter, we focus on target debt leverage level determinants using a dynamic adjustment model. In the last chapter we analyze default risk determinants. The main result of this work is that the efficiency of risk incentive is highly dependent of CEO’s performance incentive reaching a given threshold
Gayant, Jean-Pascal. "De l'espérance non-additive d'utilité : axiomatisation, représentation et estimation". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010028.
Testo completoThis thesis cares about the choquet expected utility model and some of its applications. The appropriateness of the generalization of the expected utility mdel is discussed in the first chapter : the evolution of the theory of decision under uncertainty has led to define finer but more complex criteria. The criterion defined, under different shapes, by Quiggin (1982), Schmeidler (1989) and Tversky & Kahneman (1992) is of great relevance. In the second chapter, following wakker, an axiomatic clarification (and uniformization) is proposed, and a simple graphical representation is constructed for the case of decisions under risk. In the third chapter, some experimental works are presented : in particular, an attempts to estimate the probability distortion function is made. The fourth chapter cares about some economic applications. It is showed that the diversification principle (concerning, for instance, a portofio of financial assets) is not inconsistent with a linear utility function. Moreover, the problem of the link between the certainty equivalent of a lottery and the willingness to pay (or to accept) to participate a lottery is discussed. As a conclusion, the choquet expected utility model is told to be of great interest
Nkwocha, Edmund E. "Aspects géographiques de la gestion des déchets solides urbains au Nigéria : politiques, techniques et perspectives". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10053.
Testo completoLarroque, Claire. "Une éthique de la gestion des déchets : du modèle technocratique au modèle démocratique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29752.
Testo completoCette thèse examine les questions éthiques, sociales et politiques posées par la gestion des déchets mise en place par les sociétés industrielles. La réflexion prend son point de départ dans le constat qu’en philosophie l’analyse de la gestion des déchets se limite à une approche symbolique des rapports que nous entretenons avec eux. Il s’agit de montrer qu’une telle approche occulte l’arrière-plan politique et social du problème et qu’elle ne fait pas de la gestion des déchets l’objet d’un questionnement sur le rapport entre l’homme et la nature, reléguant l’enjeu environnemental posé par les déchets au domaine technique. Ce travail propose de dépasser la logique dualiste selon laquelle il reviendrait aux techniciens de prendre en charge le traitement physique des déchets et aux philosophes de s’occuper de l’examen d’une signification symbolique (intrasociale). Il s’agit de démontrer que loin d’être circonscrite à la sphère technico-économique, la gestion des déchets par les sociétés industrielles est en interaction permanente avec le monde social et soulève des problèmes de justice. Dans cette perspective, le problème environnemental soulevé par les déchets ne peut être saisi que si l’on adopte une conception de la nature comme communauté : les déchets en atteignant (de façon inégale) l'environnement des populations affectent également celles-ci parce qu'elles entretiennent avec lui une relation d’interdépendance. Afin de déterminer les principes normatifs d’une justice détritique et de penser une juste gestion des déchets, la thèse soutient alors une conception culturelle des inégalités environnementales.
This thesis aims at examining the ethical, social and political issues raised by waste management of industrialized societies. Philosophical analyses of waste management generally adopt a symbolic approach that tends, in one hand, to ignore political and social issues and, on the other hand, to disregard the human-nature relation since environmental issues of waste management are limited to technical sphere. Yet, I suggest that this dual approach must be criticized and question the idea that technicians should deal with the waste treatment while philosophers (or sociologists) should only considerer the symbolic significance. This work argues that waste management of industrialized societies is not only a technical issue since its continuously in relation with the social sphere and among other things raises issues of justice. In this regard, I support that the environmental issue caused by waste management can only be grasped if we assume a conception of nature as community: when wastes affect (unevenly) the environment in which people live, wastes also have an impact on the populations because people nurture interdependent relationship with their environment. Once this has been established, I demonstrate that a cultural vision of environmental inequalities should be defended in order to identify and determine normative principles of waste justice.
Martin, Elsa. "Aspects économiques de gestion de l'eau souterraine". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24013.
Testo completoThis thesis is about economic problems of groundwater management. There are three essays, mainly theoretical, being introduced with a first chapter. This one consists in a literature review on the subject. It aims at explaining the various inefficiencies linked with groundwater exploitation that are modelled in the essays. The first essay is about a real aquifer: the Crau one (South-East of France). A static Nash game is built. While the heterogenous agents (urban and industrial users) using the groundwater resource are overexploiting it, an irrigation association is replenishing it through the percolations induced by its members activity which is a traditional costly one. We show that a local groundwater management committee can always implement a budget-balanced fiscal scheme consisting in slowing down the groundwater extractions through a pigovian tax and inducing its optimal replenishment through subsidizing the irrigation association. The purpose of the second essay is quite different since it aims at bringing to the fore, within the framework of a dynamic model of optimal control with representative agents, the inefficiencies due to the lack of coordination of internalizing policies at the European level, concentrating on the water framework directive and the common agricultural policy. We show that, if an aquifer constitutes the vector of various positive and negative externalities induced by several economic activities, these inefficiencies can compensate themselves in such a way that the implementation of such policies by two distinct authorities playing an open-loop Nash game produces inefficiencies. In this special case, the efficient solution consists in a coordinated fiscal scheme between both the authorities. The last essay revisits the Gisser and Sanchez effect according to which a groundwater management policy would not generate significant welfare gains with respect to a situation with no control. In order to do this, we propose to make the number of farmers endogenous in Rubio and Casino's (2001) differential game. We then show that, at the steady state, the Gisser and Sanchez effect does not work anymore since the benefit at the stationary equilibrium is zero, although it is positive if a central planner intervenes
Mraoua, Mohammed. "Gestion du risque climatique par l'utilisation des produits dérivés d'assurance". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845895.
Testo completoPhotinodellis, Roxane. "Politique climatique dans le secteur agricole : efficacité, coûts de surveillance, séquestration du carbone et risque". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB011.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to explore the trade-off between the effectiveness of net GHG mitigation policies and the costs associated with monitoring emissions and carbon sequestration. In the first contribution, our objective is to estimate the marginal cost andeffectiveness in terms of mitigating net GHG emissions for several policies partially covering emission sources and sinks. We find that subsidies for total carbon sequestrationand for carbon contained only in above-ground biomass are more cost-effective than aGHG tax. In the second contribution, at the scale of the plot, we examine the costs of participation in two types of carbon contracts, one model-based and the other results-based. For the latter type, we take into account the risk aversion of farmers regarding the uncertainty surrounding carbon sequestration results. The goal is to highlight the trade-offs regarding risk-sharing between the regulator and farmers, while defining theoretical conditions for farmer participation in these contracts. In the third contribution, at the scale of a French region, we compare the cost-effectiveness of different carbon contracts, whether results-based, model-based, or practice-based. This analysis takes into account some of the heterogeneity among farmers. Our results indicate that the most cost-effective contract form is to remunerate farmers per hectare for the implementation of intra-parcel agroforestry
Treich, Nicolas. "Économie de l'incertain : analyse de la précaution". Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10066.
Testo completoThis thesis analyses the precautionary behaviours. To do so, we are inspired by the definition of the precautionary principle. We examine the optimality of strategies which consist in reducing exposure to risk even if one expects to receive new information on that risk in the near future. Such behaviours - act then learn - are tested in different models. The first three chapters introduce the economic notions related to the one of precaution. In the chapter 1, we present the concept of "prudence". Chapter 2 focuses on the value of information. Chapter 3 shows some results on the irreversibility effect. Chapter 4 applies the precautionary principle to a model of global warming. A decision-maker has to decide the level of emissions of carbon dioxide of the society. How does the perspective to receive additional information on greenhouse effect change the optimal course of action of emissions? Earlier studies presented simulations that recommend delaying abatements. This chapter exhibits the different effects that may influence the decision to delay. We prove that if the decision-maker is "sufficiently prudent", these different effects are combined in order to induce a current reduction of emissions. This result provides an economic basis for the precautionary principle. The last two chapters apply the precautionary principle to the investment theory. Chapter 5 considers the possibility of reducing current consumption to prepare for future risky investments. Chapter 6 examines the possibility of investing in a risk-free asset to protect him against financial fluctuations. In these two chapters, we show, as in the chapter 4, that the global effect of information on financial decisions is fully characterized by the form of the utility function
Zair, Tarik. "La gestion décentralisée du développement économique au Maroc". Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10001.
Testo completoAttempt to shapeg a minimal State, the territorial decentralization is considered nowadays as on inevitable way to reach the local development. In Morocco, the option in favour of the local authorities, as economic agents, is the result of an “utilitarian necessity” which imposed itself on the central power. The State aims at hiding its inability to get the country out of its economic crises and to make responsible the decentralized power responsible for possible failures. Decentralized management of the economic development disclose a large amount of legal constraints that the reforms of 2002 were not able to overcome. Decentralized institutional and territorial frameworks turn out to be ill-adapted. The distribution of the economic skills was done at the expense on the local autonomies. The specific character of the economic skill favours the normative constraints which impose themselves on the decentralized powers. The growing politicization of the local development has probably weakened it. The difference of interest involved was done at the expense of the clarity which is necessary to the economic success. Thus, the development has taking a redistributive dimension and has not created wealth. The application of decentralized politic of development, in spite of its variety, resulted in visible shortcomings. The planning of the local development and its management show the difficulties to connect the two. The effectiveness of a decentralized politic of development is dependent on the improvement of the ressources devoted to the local development and on the overcoming of methodological gaps
Boubaker, Adel. "La diversification internationale et la gestion des portefeuilles internationaux". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010017.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the importance of international diversification and the way to manage international diversificated portefolios. The financial theory predict that international diversification is efficient to obtain a better performance in regards to rentability and or risk. We proposed an extension to existing dominant models : CAPM and APT, within an international context. The capm reformulation leads to a test based on 133 assets of ten countries during the period between march 1987 and march 1995. The first test is temporal and allows us to conclude that assets are priced at the equilibrium, this shows that the international capital market is efficient and that assets respond to an international capital model. The second is a transversal test, it reveals the existence of a negative relation between rentability and risk during the period of study. We conclude that this test on ex-post observations data is not able to express the investors anticipation's. Thus, a multi-factors model is needed; i. E. And APT model, within an international context. This model is first tested in a domestic context, it proved its validity in all studied countries. The test of extended model proves the validity of APT within an international context and that the risk premium is significantly different from zero. The choice of five factors based model is restrictive within an international context. We conclude that some supplementary factors may be added in this context like change risk
Mosadegh, Sedghy Bahareh. "Risque de prix et décisions de production et d'exportation : le cas de l'agriculture au Québec". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26821.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of price risk on the decision of farmers and processors in Quebec. The dissertation is structured in three main chapters. The first chapter looks on a literature review. The second chapter examines the effect of price risk on the supply of three productions namely grain corn, pork and lamb in the Quebec province. The final chapter focuses on the analysis of changing in preferences of the Quebec pork processor concerning the choice of market. The first chapter, addressing the academic background of importance of risks in agriculture, shows the significant effect of price risk on agricultural production. Also the literature points out the effect of price risk on international trade. The second chapter introduces risk factors (prices expectations and price volatility) in the supply function. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to model the above mentioned risk factors. The model parameters are estimated by full information maximum likelihood (FIML) method. While empirical results show the negative effect of price volatility on production, prices predictability has a positive effect on the amount produced. As expected, the results reveal the application of the farm income stabilization insurance program (ASRA) in Quebec leads to more sensitivity of producer to effective prices (prices including ASRA compensation) than to the market price. In addition, our results present less sensitivity to input prices than output ones in the case of application ASRA. The decrease in producer risk aversion is another consequence of the application of this program. On the other hand, estimation of the relative marginal risk premium index reveals that the pork producer is the most risk-averse producer. The third chapter concerns the analysis of market choice by Quebec pork processor. It is supposed that processor has the ability to supply his products in two markets: foreign and local. The theoretical model explains the relative supply as a function of both relative price expectation and relative price volatility. Furthermore this model shows that the sensitivity of the relative supply to the relative price volatility depends on two factors: the share of exports in total production and the elasticity of substitution between two markets. An error correction model is used in estimating model parameters. The results show a positive and significant effect of relative price anticipation on relative supply in short-term. Besides, these results show an increase in price volatility of foreign market in comparison to local market, leads to a decline of supply in the foreign market in long-term. Also according to the results, the local and foreign markets are more substitutable in long-term than short-term.
Vanasse, Étienne, e Étienne Vanasse. "Risque de longévité pour les régimes de retraite canadiens à prestations déterminées". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37035.
Testo completoCe mémoire étudie le risque de longévité pour un régime de retraite à prestations déterminées dans un contexte québécois et canadien. On le définit comme le risque que les retraités vivent significativement plus longtemps que prévu, occasionnant des pertes pour le régime. Afin de le quantifier, on a recours à des données du Régime de pensions du Canada (RPC), du Régime de rentes du Québec (RRQ) et de la Base de données sur la longévité canadienne (BDLC) permettant l’utilisation de différentes variables explicatives (âge, année, cohorte, revenu et région). Une projection stochastique de la mortalité sur plusieurs sous-populations est effectuée selon un cadre général inspiré de Hunt et Blake (2014) et une approche de modèle relatif de Villegas et Haberman (2014). Selon les modèles identifiés et retenus dans ce mémoire, une évolution défavorable de la mortalité pour un régime de retraite, à un niveau de confiance de 95 %, pourrait occasionner une hausse d’environ 5% du coût des rentes pour les femmes et de 10 à 15 % du coût des rentes pour les hommes. Ces hausses de coût se comparent, pour une hypothèse de rendement de 4 % (i = 4,0 %), à une diminution de 0,4 % (i = 3,6 %) de cette hypothèse pour les femmes et de 1,0 % (i = 3,0 %) pour les hommes. Également, les résultats de la modélisation tendent à démontrer l’ordre suivant quant à l’importance relative des variables étudiées afin d’expliquer le niveau de la mortalité des femmes et des hommes : 1) l’âge 2) l’année 3) le revenu (proxy socio-économique) 4) la région (RPC vs RRQ). Il n’a pas été possible de déterminer qu’une variable de cohorte était nécessaire pour améliorer la modélisation de la mortalité des retraités canadiens.