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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "German nuclear literature"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 7 settembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "German nuclear literature"

Philipp Windhab, Philipp Windhab, e Jaechun Kim. "Germany as a Nuclear Power?: How Nuclear Taboo Shaped the Discourse on West German Nuclearization". East and West Studies 36, n. 2 (20 giugno 2024): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29274/ews.2024.36.2.155.

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A disinformation campaign by the Adenauer administration in the 1950s has led the public to believe that West Germany has never had any intentions on gaining nuclear capabilities. This interpretation is not accurate, as modern research shows and opens a new area of research to be explored. Modern literature on the topic however has mostly been dealing with the problem of German nuclearization from an historical background. While there has been some research on the topic from an international relations perspective, such research has been conducted mostly from a realist perspective. Although the realist perspective has some merits, it is lacking in explanatory power when it comes to the words and behavior of German policy makers and politicians. Constructivist theory of the ‘nuclear taboo’ offers a good supplementary explanation for inner political dynamics during the 1950s and early 1960s. This research examines debates in the Bundestag related to the nuclearization of West Germany during those periods and takes a closer look at what and how congresspeople discussed West Germany going nuclear. It proves that nuclear taboo embraced by the congresspeople discouraged West Germany’s nuclearization.

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Kath, Ruth R. "Nuclear Education in Contemporary German Children's Literature". Lion and the Unicorn 10, n. 1 (1986): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/uni.0.0234.

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Hébert, Philippe, e Paul Létourneau. "Du haut de l'Olympe : perspectives américaines sur l'arme nucléaire allemande". Études internationales 27, n. 1 (12 aprile 2005): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703558ar.

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Few issues have created more tensions and uneasiness in international affairs than the idea of a nuclear armed Germany. The militarist and expansionist tradition of Germany has induced in its neighbors an underlying fear of a possible revival of her past hehavior. The apparition of nuclear weapons in the international System after 1945, and the subsequent accession of Great Britain and France to the status of nuclear powers, has added a further dimension to the German problem. During the Cold War, the issue of German nuclear weapons was rarely discussed favorably, particularly in Europe. The case was different in the United States where Germany's role in the nuclear strategy of NATO was approached with a detachment seldom found in British or Trench political literature. The demise of the East-West confrontation and the unification of Germany have encouraged many American scholars, often associated with the neorealist school, to push for the end of Germany's singularisation in the nuclear field. For them, a nuclear armed Germany, if not inevitable, could well become a source of military stability in the region. Although most of them base their arguments on the merits of selective nuclear proliferation, they adopt similarly an olympian perspective towards Germany which is markedly different from what is found in European literature. Their position of course does not reflect Washington's official view on the proliferation of nuclear weapons. This paper tries to circumscribe their line of thought and argues that it closely parallels, to a certain degree, the broader American attitude towards Germany seen as an equal and reliable ally in the evolving European security context.

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Schmitz-Feuerhake, Inge, Rainer Frentzel-Beyme e Roland Wolff. "Non-Hodgkin lymphomas and ionizing radiation: case report and review of the literature". Annals of Hematology 101, n. 2 (8 dicembre 2021): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-021-04729-z.

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AbstractNon-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) increased continuously since the last century in developed countries. While they are considered as disease in elder ages, a remarkable increasing incidence is also observed in German children and juveniles. The higher rates are interpreted by the changes in classification because diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were also identified as NHL. Considerable rates of NHL were found in nuclear workers and liquidators of Chernobyl, i.e. in cases of low-dose chronical exposures. In Germany, we noticed three workers who developed NHL after decontamination of nuclear facilities. The bone marrow is generally considered as target organ for ionizing radiation, but NHL is obviously induced in the whole pool of lymphocytes. Therefore, the dosimetry in cases of typical occupational external and internal exposure must be revised. A high radiation sensitivity for NHL is a possible suspect and likely reason which may partly explain the continuous rise of the diseases in populations underlying the current increases of medical diagnostic exposure. NHL is also induced in children and juveniles with a history of diagnostic X-rays.

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Feldkamp, Joachim, F. Grünwald, Markus Luster, Kerstin Lorenz, Christian Vorländer e Dagmar Führer. "Non-Surgical and Non-Radioiodine Techniques for Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules: Consensus Statement and Recommendation". Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 128, n. 10 (7 gennaio 2020): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1075-2025.

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AbstractThyroid nodules and cysts are frequently diagnosed in Germany with a prevalence of about 20% in young adults reaching up to 70% in older adults. Surgery is the standard treatment of symptomatic nodules, nodules with suspicion of malignancy and thyroid cancer. Radioiodine treatment is applied for autonomously functioning nodules. During the last years new non-surgical and non-radioiodine techniques have been introduced to treat thyroid nodules. These techniques include ethanol/polidocanol treatment, radiofrequency, microwave, and laser ablation, and high frequency ultrasound ablation. A significant reduction in nodule size could be documented for these techniques in several studies, but long-term outcome data are missing. Until now, there is no general consensus regarding the appropriate indications for these methods. For this reason, the Thyroid Section (German Society for Endocrinology), the Thyroid Working Committee (German Society for Nuclear Medicine), and the German Association of Endocrine Surgeons (CAEK) for the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV) reviewed the respective literature, discussed the pro and cons and developed a consensus statement and recommendation to help physicians and patients in their decision making.

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Froese, Annika, Zoe Felder e Steffen Drees. "The importance of social science research in nuclear waste management shown by three projects on public participation". Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 2 (6 settembre 2023): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-245-2023.

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Abstract. The disposal of nuclear waste is not only a technical challenge but also a sensitive socio-political issue. Especially in Germany, the search for a final repository for highly radioactive waste is complicated by past and present societal conflicts surrounding the use of nuclear energy. Hence, safe nuclear waste management requires social science research that examines the nuclear waste problem in its social context. We illustrate this claim by presenting the results of three contract research projects dealing with public participation, commissioned by Germany's Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE). Public participation is central to the safety of nuclear waste management. First, the safety of disposal practices is often improved by the general public's critical input. Second, public participation may increase the acceptability of nuclear waste disposal in a particular region, which is important to ensure the successful implementation of waste management strategies. Third, public participation serves to preserve knowledge and maintain competence, since it keeps the topic of nuclear waste present in people's minds. Therefore, social science research that improves public participation measures makes a significant contribution to the safety of nuclear waste management. This contribution presents three projects that illustrate how social science can improve public participation. The first project surveyed the German population regarding the search for a final repository for highly radioactive waste. The second examined the utility of digital participation tools. The third project dealt with the legal, political, and cultural challenges of cross-border public participation. The first project surveyed a representative sample of the German population. Survey participants answered questions pertaining to the structure and current state of Germany's search for a final repository, their main concerns in relation to this search, and their desire to participate in the search. Results show that Germans are most concerned about safety issues and currently have little desire to actively participate in the search, but instead demand to be well informed. The results of this project allow BASE to adapt its public participation strategy to the German population's needs, thereby increasing its effectiveness. The second project examined the utility of digital participation tools in the context of the search for a final repository. Past events implemented by BASE were marked by the underrepresentation of young people, women, and also people with lower educational attainment and migrant backgrounds. First, the project team carried out a literature review that showed that the use of digital tools does not solve issues of underrepresentation. The team then used focus groups to demonstrate the importance of schools, appealing designs, and gamification when addressing young people. The project ended with a workshop wherein experts discussed the project's results and developed prototypes of digital tools to support BASE's efforts to engage young people. Reaching young people is crucial to preserving knowledge and increasing the acceptability of nuclear waste disposal, since today's younger generations will be affected by and responsible for the final repository. The third project dealt with the legal, political, and cultural challenges of implementing public participation across borders. BASE will have to facilitate public participation in multiple countries if the proposed site for the final repository is in close proximity to Germany's border. The project team first conducted a literature review to analyze the challenges of cross-border public participation. The second part consisted of in-depth case studies of three different planning procedures, conducted in Switzerland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Finally, researchers conducted five regional case studies, covering regions in Denmark, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and Poland, Austria, and France. The project resulted in a sketch of a model cross-border participation process, ensuring that BASE will be able to successfully implement such a process. These projects show that social science research can improve the quality of public participation measures. Since public participation is crucial to the safety of nuclear waste management, so are the social sciences.

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Fisher, Jaimey. "Coming to Terms with the Nuclear Past: Transnational Paranoia and Chernobyl in Recent German Cinema". Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory 86, n. 1 (gennaio 2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00168890.2011.541751.

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Born, Markus, Frauke Schwier, Brigitte Stoever, Hans-Joachim Mentzel e Jürgen Freiberg. "The German Evidence-Based Child Protection Guideline – Imaging in Suspected Child Abuse". RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 192, n. 04 (20 novembre 2019): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1019-8018.

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Aim Development of a fully evidence-based guideline including all aspects of child abuse. Methods In a case-based procedure, 144 primary PICO questions were generated from 476 presented cases of child abuse. Literature research was performed in 5 databases (Pubmed, CINHAL, Embase, PsycInfo, Eric) and in the Cochrane Library. The literature was evaluated according to SIGN and AGREE II. Results 137 recommendations were developed. Those related to imaging procedures are presented and discussed in this article. Conclusion The first fully evidence-based German guideline concerning all aspects of child abuse has been established. For imaging, several relevant new approaches have been proposed. Key Points: Citation Format

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Schütte, Silvia, e Johannes Franke. "Participation of the foreign public in the site selection procedure: prerequisites and the question of informal participation". Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (10 novembre 2021): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-225-2021.

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Abstract. Public participation in the German site selection procedure is not only novel compared to previous sectoral legal regulations, but also significantly more complex. In addition to the usual participation in commenting procedures and discussion meetings (Section 7 of the German Repository Site Selection Act, Standortauswahlgesetz, StandAG), there are new formats for formal participation, such as regional conferences (Section 10 para. 2 sentence 2 StandAG). Informal participation (see Section 5 (3) StandAG) is also planned. In view of the numerous countries neighbouring Germany, the article concentrates on the question of the extent to which the non-German public is also to be involved in this process. The legal regulations are open to interpretation, and their requirements with regard to the non-German public are also largely unresolved in the literature. However, clarification is needed since these are mandatory formats and the German Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (Bundesamt für die Sicherheit der nuklearen Entsorgung, BASE) is responsible for ensuring compliance with these formats; moreover, complaints can be filed for non-compliance with the mandatory requirements. With regard to participation in commenting procedures and discussion meetings, the relationship between Section 7 StandAG and the requirements for cross-border participation in Sections 54 ff., 61 f. UVPG need to be clarified. This is due to the fact that Section 7 StandAG makes no provision for any restriction on the “public” to be involved, whereas under the German Environmental Impacts Assessment Act (Gesetz über die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung, UVPG), participation is in part made dependent on “being affected”. The solution here is to seek that all people (in the world) are allowed in principle to participate. However, the facilitations specifically provided for only in the UVPG (e.g. translations) can be limited to certain states (or languages). For the regional conferences, provision is explicitly made in Section 10 para. 2 sentence 2 StandAG for the participation of the non-German public (“shall be given equal consideration”): If the siting region is in a border area, non-German citizens are to participate in the plenary meeting and are given equal consideration to those of the German regional authorities (bordering the siting region). However, the regional section, the concrete administrative entity, is not defined. Here, according to the researchers, the criterion of equivalence can be taken into account by selecting a geographical section that corresponds in its maximum extent to the largest German territorial community that borders on the siting region. The law also does not specify any further prerequisites for the appointment of the deputizing body and its important tasks. Here again, the requirement of “equal consideration” can be taken into account. The procedural rules must at least allow for the eligibility of non-German citizens for election (if necessary by means of proportional representation). Also of great relevance is the inclusion of non-German citizens in informal forms of participation. Complementary forms of participation are planned in order to further develop “the procedure of public participation”. The principles of public participation do not differentiate between the German and non-German citizens to be involved. Moreover, if the legislature establishes the obligation to involve the non-German public in the case of siting regions in a border area, this must, according to the researchers, also apply to the complementary, informal forms: the principle of equivalence produces a “ripple effect” here. Otherwise, a “gap” in information and participation could arise in a siting region in a border area: “complementarily” integrated citizens, political decision-makers and environmental associations on the German side, as well as their non-German counterparts on the other side, that do not have the same degree of information and integration. The contents of the presentation were developed as part of the research project “Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren bei grenzüberschreitender Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung im Standortauswahlverfahren – HErüber” (challenges and success factors in cross-border public participation in the site selection procedure) on behalf of the BASE.

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Kruk, Jerzy, Michael Ristow e Iwona Jedrzejczyk. "Scolochloa marchica Düvel, Ristow & H. Scholz – a German-Polish endemic species of the lowlands and the distribution of S. festucacea (Willd.) Lk. in Poland". Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 74 (30 giugno 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/biorc.2024.74.4.

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In the current study, an extensive worldwide herbarium search, including over 1500 herbarium sheets of Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Lk., was performed to find specimens of S. marchica Düvel, Ristow & H. Scholz. The latter is a recently described new species, whose primary distribution was found to be limited to the Brandenburg region in Germany and the Wolin Island in Poland. As a result of the query, S. marchica was not identified in any regions other than those previously known. This indicates that it is a German-Polish endemic species, with a limited distribution range. Taking advantage of flow cytometry, we analysed for the first time the nuclear DNA content of both Scolochloa species and the obtained 2C values correlated exactly with their chromosome numbers. These data allowed us to put forward a hypothesis of evolution of S. marchica from S. festucacea. The new results, together with those previously published, confirmed that we deal with a distinct species. Taking into account recent records of this endemic species, it is currently known from 9 extant and 6 historical localities in Germany. Field search for the species in its only historical locality in Poland, on the Wolin Island, was unsuccessful. The critical revision of herbarium and literature records of S. festucacea from the territory of Poland allowed us to generate an updated distribution map of this declining species, which deserves special protection.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "German nuclear literature"

Lueckel, Wolfgang. "Atomic Apocalypse - 'Nuclear Fiction' in German Literature and Culture". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1281459381.

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Stokes, Anne Marie. "German writers and the intermediate-range nuclear forces debate in the 1980s /". The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487757723997193.

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Beggour, Imad. "Littérature germanophone et catastrophe nucléaire (1945-1989) - une littérature de l'anthropocène ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH019.

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Le présent travail est une étude en littérature sur la représentation de la catastrophe nucléaire dans la littérature germanophone entre 1945 et 1989. Cette thématique est mise en relation avec les débats actuels sur la nouvelle ère géologique de l'anthropocène. En effet, plusieurs géologues estiment qu'une des preuves les plus significatives du début de l'anthropocène réside dans l'utilisation du nucléaire à partir des années cinquante. En analysant des œuvres littéraires parues entre la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et la chute du mur de Berlin, ce travail s'efforce de traiter plusieurs questionnements. Il consiste à montrer les différentes manières dont la littérature aborde le thème de la catastrophe nucléaire. La question centrale est de savoir à quel point cette littérature et la représentation de la catastrophe nucléaire sont une première prise de conscience précoce de l'ère de l'anthropocène avant même l'émergence du terme au début des années 2000. La première partie de notre recherche souhaite montrer dans quelle mesure le récit catastrophique de l'anthropocène se manifeste dans cette littérature sur le nucléaire. Dans la deuxième partie, la question soulevée concerne le personnage du « dernier homme » (terme introduit par le philosophe Günther Anders) comme un personnage de l'anthropocène et un personnage central de la littérature qui s'attache à la question du nucléaire. Se basant sur les thèses de Günther Anders, la dernière partie questionne l'existence, dans le corpus retenu, de la critique de l'anthropocentrisme de l'homme, démontrant que le raisonnement d'Anders contribue à enrichir ce narratif de la catastrophe. L'objectif de cette étude n'est pas de montrer qu'une littérature de l'anthropocène n'a pas existé avant 1945 mais bel est bien de prouver que la littérature sur l'utilisation du nucléaire est par excellence une littérature de l'anthropocène
The present work is a study of literature on the theme of nuclear power, with particular reference to the representation of nuclear catastrophe in German literature from 1945 to 1989. This theme is linked to current debates on the new geological era of the Anthropocene. Indeed, many geologists assume that one of the most significant signs of the onset of the Anthropocene is the use of nuclear power from the 1950s onwards. By analysing literary works published between the end of the Second World War and the fall of the Berlin Wall, this work seeks to address several issues. It shows the different ways in which literature deals with the theme of nuclear catastrophe. The central question is to what extent this literature and the representation of nuclear catastrophe represent an early awareness of the Anthropocene era, even before the emergence of the term in the early 2000s. The first part of our research aims to show the extent to which the catastrophic narrative of the Anthropocene manifests itself in this nuclear literature. In the second part, the question raised concerns the character of the “Last Man” (a term introduced by the German philosopher Günther Anders) as a figure of the Anthropocene and a central figure in the literature that focuses on the nuclear issue. Based on the theses of Günther Anders, the final part questions the existence, in the selected corpus, of the critique of man's anthropocentrism, demonstrating that Anders' reasoning contributes to enriching this narrative of catastrophe. The aim of this study is not to show that a literature of the Anthropocene did not exist before 1945, but rather to prove that the literature on the use of nuclear energy is par excellence a literature of the Anthropocene

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Libri sul tema "German nuclear literature"

Alvaro, Barbieri, Mura Paola e Panno Giovanni 1976-, a cura di. Le vie del racconto: Temi antropologici, nuclei mitici e rielaborazione letteraria nella narrazione medievale germanica e romanza. Padova: Unipress, 2008.

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Nuclear Futures in the Post-Fukushima Age: Literature, Film, and Performance from Germany and Japan. Palgrave Macmillan, 2024.

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Lise Meitner Had The Right Vision About Nuclear Fission. Children's Press, 2010.

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Conkling, Winifred. Radioactive!: How Irene Curie and Lise Meitner Revolutionized Science and Changed the World. Algonquin Young Readers, 2018.

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Conkling, Winifred. Radioactive!: How Irène Curie and Lise Meitner Revolutionized Science and Changed the World. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2016.

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Hill, Geoffrey E. Mitonuclear Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818250.001.0001.

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Eukaryotes were born of a chimeric union of two prokaryotes. The legacy of this fusion is organisms with both a nuclear and mitochondrial genome that must work in a coordinated fashion to enable cellular respiration. The coexistence of two genomes in a single organism requires tight coadaptation to enable function. The need for coadaptation, the challenge of co-transmission, and the possibility of genomic conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes have profound consequences for the ecology and evolution of eukaryotic life. This book defines mitonuclear ecology as an emerging field that reassesses core concepts in evolutionary ecology in light of the necessity of mitonuclear coadaptation. I discuss and summarize research that tests new mitonuclear-based theories for the evolution of sex, two sexes, senescence, a sequestered germ line, speciation, sexual selection, and adaptation. The ideas presented in this book represent a paradigm shift for evolutionary ecology. Through the twentieth century, mitochondrial genomes were dismissed as unimportant to the evolution of complex life because variation within mitochondrial genomes was proposed to be functionally neutral. These conceptions about mitochondrial genomes and mitonuclear genomic interactions have been changing rapidly, and a growing literature in top journals is making it increasingly clear that the interactions of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes over the past 2 billion years have played a major role in shaping the evolution of eukaryotes. These new hypotheses for the evolution of quintessential characteristics of complex life hold the potential to fundamentally reshape the field of evolutionary ecology and to inform the emerging fields of mitochondrial medicine and mitochondrial-based reproductive therapies.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "German nuclear literature"

Baer, Hester, e Michele M. Mason. "Introduction: Nuclear Futures—Intertwined Histories and Imaginative Visions in Post-Fukushima Japan and Germany". In Literatures, Cultures, and the Environment, 1–19. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63024-8_1.

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Moody, Simon J. "Introduction". In Imagining Nuclear War in the British Army, 1945-1989, 1–21. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846994.003.0001.

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This chapter examines the historiography of the post-war British Army. It demonstrates that the Army’s nuclear mission in Germany is underrepresented in the mainstream literature, in spite of this being its most important commitment after 1945. The chapter explains how the Army became a potential agent of nuclear warfare and its role in national and alliance strategy. It argues that the Army was largely successful in overcoming the conceptual difficulties of planning for future war, but that it displayed a cognitive dissonance when faced with uncomfortable realities about the nature of nuclear warfare.

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Karol, Paul J. "Heavy, Superheavy . . . Quo Vadis?" In Mendeleev to Oganesson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668532.003.0004.

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Uranium was Discovered in 1789 by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth in pitchblende ore from Joachimsthal, a town now in the Czech Republic. Nearly a century later, the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev placed uranium at the end of his periodic table of the chemical elements. A century ago, Moseley used x-ray spectroscopy to set the atomic number of uranium at 92, making it the heaviest element known at the time. This chapter will deal with the quest to explore that limit and heavy and superheavy elements, and provide an update on where continuation of the periodic table is headed and some of the significant changes in its appearance and interpretation that may be necessary. Our use of the term “heavy elements” differs from that of astrophysicists who refer to elements above helium as heavy elements. The meaning of the term “superheavy” element is still not exactly agreed upon and has changed over the past several decades. “Ultraheavy” is occasionally used. Interestingly, there is no formal definition of “periodic table” by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in their glossary of definitions: the “Gold Book.” But there are plenty of definitions in the general literature—including Wikipedia, the collaborative, free, internet encyclopedia which calls the “periodic table” a “tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations (electron shell model), and recurring chemical properties. Elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus).” IUPAC’s first definition of a “chemical element” is: “A species of atoms; all atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus.” Their definition of atom: “the smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element. It consists of a nucleus of positive charge (Z is the proton number and e the elementary charge) carrying almost all its mass (more than 99.9%) and Z electrons determining its size.”

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"Both opponents and proponents of food irradiation have been sources of misinformation or valid information presented in a misleading way (20). As described by a leading British consumer representative: “ The battle to get irradiation of food accepted as a beneficial food processing technique has been waged for some 30 years. It is an interesting case of warring factions glaring at each other across a gulf of incomprehension” ( ). In this book an attempt will be made to provide factual data as a basis for a more rational approach to these controversies. The seminar jointly held by IOCU (International Organization of Consumer Unions) and ICGFI (International Con sultative Group on Food Irradiation) in 1993 (22) has raised hopes that this gulf of incomprehension can be narrowed, perhaps even closed. There is voluminous scientific literature on food irradiation, but it is not easy to come by because contributions have come from so many disciplines. Relevant reports have been published in journals of food technology, nutrition, microbiol ogy, analytical chemistry, food chemistry, radiation chemistry, radiation physics, toxicology, health physics, and other fields. There is only one scientific journal devoted exclusively to food irradiation research: Shokuhin-Shosha (Food Irradia tion, Japan), published by the Japanese Research Association for Food Irradiation since 1965; articles are in Japanese, with English abstracts. In order to facilitate access to this literature a computerized irradiation information database called IRREFCO (Irradiation Reference Collection) has been installed at the National Agricultural Library in the United States. It is initially aimed at making available the research contract reports generated in programs sponsored by the U. S. Army and U. S. Atomic Energy Commission in the 1950s and 1960s. Those reports are not accessible through ordinary library services. A selected annotated bibliogra phy is offered since 1993 (23). A bibliography on food irradiation has been prepared since 1955 by the Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany; it now contains over 10,000 documents. The whole database is pro cessed and stored on computer, and is also available in printed form. In recent years one issue of the printed bibliography has been published annually, each with 300-600 references (24). In the following chapters only a small fraction of these documents can be mentioned. The author endeavors to quote primarily those studies that will guide the reader to key issues, to review articles, and to other works showing a path to the remaining literature. Useful documentation of developments in food irradiation research can be found in three newsletters. Food Irradiation Quarterly International Newsletter (Saclay) was published in English and French by the European Information Center for Food Irradiation, Saclay, France, from 1960 to 1971. The International Project in the Field of Food Irradiation issued Food Irradiation Information (Karlsruhe) from 1972 until 1982. The Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, has Published Food Irradiation Newsletter (Vienna) since 1976." In Safety of Irradiated Foods, 24–26. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-18.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "German nuclear literature"

Beckmerhagen, I. A., H. P. Berg, S. V. Karapetrovic e W. O. Willborn. "Auditing Supports the Integration of Management Systems in the Nuclear Industry". In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49004.

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Integration of function-specific management systems in organizations is rapidly becoming a topic of interest for managers and auditors alike. This is mainly due to the proliferation of management system standards that foster compliance with the stated criteria for quality, environmental, occupational health and safety, social responsibility and other function-specific aspects of performance. While most of the available literature on this topic focuses on the integration of standards, there is comparatively little information available on how to actually build an integrated system internally. This paper hypothesizes that, besides using audits for the implementation of the available procedures, audits can provide an excellent basis for these integration efforts. Therefore the prerequisites, strategies and resources necessary for an effective audit in support of integrated management systems are discussed. The paper also describes how audits are used to improve a combined quality and safety management system in a German nuclear facility.

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Silber, Fabian E., Xaver Schuler, Stefan Weihe, Eckart Laurien, Rudi Kulenovic, Stefan Schmid, Klaus Heckmann e Jürgen Sievers. "Investigation of Leakage Rates in Pressure Retaining Piping". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65360.

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Within the break preclusion concept, leak-before-break (LBB) behavior must be demonstrated for safety relevant pressure retaining piping systems in nuclear power plants (NPP) [1]. This requires leak detection systems in NPP with the capability to detect leak rates below the maximum allowable leak rate calculated by the LBB assessment according to nuclear standards, like the German KTA rule 3206 or the U.S. Standard Review Plan (SRP). An important part of the LBB assessment is the availability of accurate calculation models to predict the leak rate under normal operating conditions for postulated through wall cracks. Current leak detection systems in NPP are capable of reliably detecting liquid leak rates 0.05 kg/s. However, most of the available experimental leak rate data published in literature focus on the range between 0.2 kg/s and 2 kg/s, which is significantly above the detection limit. Therefore, additional experimental investigations are necessary to develop and verify leak rate calculation models for smaller leaks. In order to investigate such types of leaks, a modular test facility (fluid-structure-interaction test loop) has been developed and installed at MPA University of Stuttgart within the framework of a research project sponsored by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The test rig includes a leakage piping module which includes artificially machined slits and fatigue through-wall cracks. It allows the variation of the significant influencing parameters such as crack size, surface roughness and the system parameters pressure and temperature up to 75 bar and 280 °C and also the measurement of the pressure gradient across the crack surface at two locations. This is important to develop a better understanding of the two-phase flow and pressure drop across the leak channel. A first test series has been performed and the results were used to evaluate existing leak-rate models. Within this paper an overview of the test facility, the testing procedure, and the results of the investigations will be presented and discussed.

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Valle´e, Christophe, Deendarlianto, Matthias Beyer, Dirk Lucas e Helmar Carl. "Air/Water Counter-Current Flow Experiments in a Model of the Hot Leg of a Pressurised Water Reactor". In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48374.

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Different scenarios of small break Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) for pressurised water reactors (PWR) lead to the reflux-condenser mode in which steam enters the hot leg from the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and condenses in the steam generator. A part of the condensate flows back towards the RPV in counter current to the steam. During the reflux-condenser mode, a counter-current flow limitation (CCFL) must be prevented because this would limit the core cooling. The simulation of CCFL conditions, which is dominated by 3D effects, requires the use of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. These methods are not yet mature and have to be validated before they can be applied to nuclear reactor safety. Therefore, dedicated experimental data is needed with high resolution in space and time. In order to investigate the two-phase flow behaviour in a complex reactor-typical geometry and to supply suitable data for CFD code validation, the “hot leg model” was built at Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD). This setup is devoted to optical measurement techniques, therefore, a flat test-section design was chosen with a width of 50 mm. The test-section outlines represent the hot leg of a German Konvoi PWR at a scale of 1:3, which corresponds to a channel height of 250 mm in the straight part of the hot leg. The test-section is mounted between two separators, one simulating the reactor pressure vessel and the other is connected to the steam generator inlet chamber. This allows to perform co-current as well as counter-current flow experiments. Moreover, the hot leg model is built in the pressure vessel of the TOPFLOW facility of FZD, which is used to perform high-pressure experiments under pressure equilibrium with the inside atmosphere of the vessel. Therefore, the test section can be designed with thin materials and equipped with big size windows like in the hot leg model. The presented air/water experiments focus on the flow structure observed in the region of the riser and of the steam generator inlet chamber at room temperature and pressures up to 3 bars. The performed high-speed observations show the evolution of the stratified interface and the distribution of the two-phase mixture (droplet and bubbles). Counter-current flow limitation, or the onset of flooding, was found by analysing the water levels measured in the separators. A confrontation with the images indicates that the initiation of flooding coincides with the reversal of the flow in the horizontal part of the hot leg due to high air velocities. Afterwards, bigger waves are generated, which develop to slugs. Furthermore, the CCFL data was compared with similar experiments and empirical correlations available in the literature. The agreement of the CCFL curve is good and indicate that the data is relevant for CFD validation purposes. The zero penetration was found at lower values of the Wallis parameter than in most of the previous work, which can be attributed to the rectangular geometry of the hot leg model.

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Holt, L., U. Rohde, M. Seidl, A. Schubert, P. Van Uffelen e R. Macián-Juan. "Two-Way Coupling Between the Reactor Dynamics Code DYN3D and the Fuel Performance Code TRANSURANUS at Assembly Level". In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30812.

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In the last two decades the reactor dynamics code DYN3D was coupled to thermal hydraulics system codes, a sub-channel thermal hydraulics code and CFD codes. These earlier developed code systems allow modeling of the thermal hydraulics phenomena occurring during reactor transients and accidents in greater detail. Still these code systems lack a sufficiently sophisticated fuel behavior model, which is able i.e. to take into account the fission gas behavior during normal operation, off-normal conditions and transients. To our knowledge a two-way coupling to a fuel performance code hasn’t so far been reported in the open literature for calculating a full core with detailed and well validated fuel behavior models. A new two-way coupling approach between DYN3D and the fuel performance code TRANSURANUS is presented. In the coupling, DYN3D provides the time-dependent rod power and thermal hydraulics conditions to TRANSURANUS, which in turn transfers parameters like fuel temperature and cladding temperature back to DYN3D. The main part of the development is a general TRANSURANUS coupling interface that is applicable for linking of any other reactor dynamics codes, thermal hydraulics system codes and sub-channel codes to TRANSURANUS. Beside its generality, other features of this interface are the application at either fuel assembly or fuel rod level, one-way or two-way coupling, automatic switching from steady to transient conditions in TRANSURANUS (including update of the material properties etc.), writing of all TRANSURANUS output files and the possibility of manual pre- and post-calculations with TRANSURANUS in standalone mode. The TRANSURANUS code can be used in combination with this coupling interface in various scenarios: different fuel compositions in the reactor types BWR, PWR, VVER, HWR and FBR, considering time scales from milliseconds (i.e. RIA) over seconds/ minutes (i.e. LOCA) to years (i.e. normal operation) and thence different reactor states. Results of DYN3D-TRANSURANUS are shown for a control rod ejection transient in a German PWR. In particular, it appears that for all burn-up levels the two-way coupling approach systematically calculates higher maximum values for the node fuel enthalpy (max. difference of 46 J/g) and node centerline fuel temperature (max. difference of 181 K), compared to DYN3D standalone in best estimate calculations. These differences can be completely explained by the more detailed TRANSURANUS modeling of fuel thermal conductivity, radial power density profile and heat transfer in the gap. As known from fuel performance codes, the modeling of the heat transfer in the gap is sensitive and causes also larger differences in case of low burn-up. The numerical convergence for DYN3D-TRANSURANUS is quick and stable. The coupled code system can improve the assessment of safety criteria, at a reasonable computational cost with a CPU time of less than seven hours without parallelization.

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Potthast, Georg, Thore Schade-Mann, Georg Schweizer e Tobias Albrecht. "First case of herpes zoster involving the nucleus ambiguus: A case report and literature review". In 95th Annual Meeting German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery e. V., Bonn. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1784496.

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Métais, Thomas, Stéphan Courtin, Manuela Triay, François Billon, Pascal Duranton, Rudy Briot, Florent Bridier, Cédric Gourdin e Jean-Pascal Luciani. "An Assessment of the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in the Fatigue Rules of the RCC-M Code Through the Benchmark With the EN-13445-3 Standard". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65397.

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The RCC-M code [1] is a well recognized international code and provides rules for the design and the construction of mechanical equipment for pressurized water reactors. It is used today for the nuclear industry exclusively, in countries such as France, South Africa and China and it is the basis for the design of the UK EPR to be built in Hinkley Point. The RCC-M code’s fatigue rules emanate from the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and are hence very similar, albeit they have evolved in their own way over time to include some R&D results and other evolutions. These rules are published by AFCEN which involves a wide range of international organizations from the nuclear industry such as Apave, Areva, Bureau Veritas, CEA, DCNS, EDF, EDF Energy, ONET-MHI, Rolls-Royce and Westinghouse. The EN-13445-3 [2] is a European standard which is mostly in use today in the conventional industry. Its fatigue rules are a compilation of rules from various national European codes, such as the German AD-Merkblatt, the British Standards, the Eurocodes for civil works and the French CODAP. The rules for fatigue are compiled in Chapters 17 and 18 of EN-13445-3 and have been the result of the work of contributors from major European organizations from the nuclear, oil and gas, chemical and mechanical industries: these include, among others, Areva, the Linde Group, CETIM, TÜV, and the TWI (The Welding Institute). Since the beginning of 2015, AFCEN has created a technical Working Group (WG) on the topic of fatigue with the objective of identifying the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in Fatigue analyses (SFUF) and of potentially proposing improvements in the existing fatigue rules of the code. Nevertheless, the explicit quantification of safety factors and uncertainties in fatigue is an extremely difficult task to perform for fatigue analyses without a comparison to the operating experience or in relation to another code or standard. Historically, the approach of the code in fatigue has indeed been to add conservatism at each step of the analyses which has resulted in a difficult quantification of the overall safety margin in the analyses. To fulfill its mission, the working group has deemed necessary to lead a benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard given its wide use through other industries. Two cases were identified: either the comparison with EN-13445-3 is possible and in this case, the identification of safety factors and uncertainties is performed in relation to this standard; either the comparison is not possible, in which case the overall conservatism of the RCC-M code is evaluated in relation with operating experience, test results, literature, etc... This paper aims at describing the overall work of the group and focuses more specifically on the results obtained through the benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard.

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Tahir, Shahbaz, e Muzafar Hussain. "Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Fuelcell-Based Commercial and Heavy-Duty Vehicles". In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16770.

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Abstract This paper focuses on FuelCell-based electromobility (Commercial and Heavy-Duty Vehicles) to judge its ability to reduce GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions in the Transport sector as to fulfill Paris Agreement demands to struggle against Global warming. Current LCA studies and literature show that BEVs (Battery Powered Vehicles) offer lesser emissions and better driving experience to users compared to FCEVs (Fuel Cell Vehicles) with existing German’s energy mix, but in the longer run transformation is needed in transportation sector and infrastructure to diminish emissions arising from this sector. Since most of the developed nations are looking beyond 2030 with a vision of renewables integration for Power and Energy so, LCA results proved that: In upcoming decades, FCEVs offer lesser or zero-emissions with same driving experience as provided by BEVs. H2 (Hydrogen) here plays a significant role because its production is very energy-intensive; hence, future Fuel Cell mobility is only beneficial if H2 supply is ensured by renewables. From the historical point of view, Europe always acted as a leader among all continents to fight against climate change, and Germany is the prime economy in Europe and a foremost contributor to GHG emissions. Therefore, it has been chosen for our LCA study.

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Xia, Bing, e Fu Li. "Preliminary Study on the Feasibility of Utilizing the Thermal Fissile Breeding Capability of the Th-U Fuel Cycle in HTR-PM". In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16460.

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HTR-PM is a demonstration plant of the modular high temperature reactor with two pebble-bed cores of 250 MWth. Since the early HTRs, such as AVR and THTR in Germany, thorium-based fuel has been regarded as an important fueling option. In this work, the feasibility of maximizing thorium utilization and minimizing the refueling effort of uranium fissile under the framework of HTR-PM is investigated. The preliminary neutronics features of the Th-233U fuel cycle in the equilibrium state of the HTR-PM are analyzed. Two types of fuel loading schemes are considered: the ThU-MOX scheme, namely the so-called “ThOX” fuel in literatures, and the SEP scheme, which means “separate” fuel pebbles loaded with thorium oxide and uranium oxide, respectively. The ThU-MOX scheme utilizes the mixed Th+HEU oxide fuel particles in all the fuel pebbles in the core, in which the enrichment of HEU is 93%. The SEP scheme utilizes the separate thorium pebbles and LEU pebbles mixed homogeneously in the core. The preliminary results on the ThU-MOX scheme indicate that thorium mixed with HEU in the fuel particle can lower the 235U loading requirement per energy generated, compared with the normal LEU loading scheme of the HTR-PM, and enhance the safety performance for high heavy metal loading cases. On the other hand, the results of SEP scheme reveal that the self shielding effect of the thorium particles depresses the absorption of thorium and the utilization of 233U. However, the situation can be improved by lengthening the residence time of the thorium pebbles. Furthermore, more realistic features are investigated as the basis of future works, including the initial core and the running-in phase, the impact of control poisons.

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de Haan-de Wilde, F. H. E., e F. J. Blom. "Overview of International Implementation of Environmental Fatigue (Update)". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65006.

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For many nuclear power plants worldwide the operation period will be extended from 40 to 60 years. As the operation period increases the knowledge of ageing mechanisms like fatigue becomes more important. Knowledge of the influence of the environment is crucial, since environmental fatigue results in a modification of the existing fatigue assessment method and possible reduction of the fatigue life. This paper contains the results of an extended literature survey of environmentally assisted fatigue in nuclear power plants. It describes the current status and developments in the world. The main regulatory rules, guidelines and methods from the US, Germany, Japan, Finland, France and Czechia are presented. Although the general trend towards a more uniform approach worldwide has begun, considerable different approaches for incorporating the effect of coolant water environment exist. The most common approach is the incorporation of an environmental fatigue correction factor (Fen) in the fatigue derivation of the cumulative usage factor. The Fen formulas and the S-N fatigue curves differ but the general equations are: Fen = Nair/Nwater and CUF = Σ Upartial * Fenpartial Alternatives like using fatigue curves including the environmental effects, using threshold criteria and calculation of an allowable Fen based on testing, are described. Research and material tests are on-going and subject of international development. An overview of the current international state-of-the-art is presented.

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de Haan - de Wilde, F. H. E., M. H. C. Hannink e F. J. Blom. "Overview of International Implementation of Environmental Fatigue". In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97695.

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Abstract (sommario):

For many nuclear power plants worldwide the operation period will be extended from 40 to 60 years in the coming years. As the operation period increases the importance of knowledge of ageing mechanisms like fatigue increases. Knowlegde of the influence of the environment is crucial, since environmental fatigue is a relatively new development which is a modification to the existing assessment method and has to be projected to 60 years as well. This paper contains the results of a literature survey of environmentally assisted fatigue in nuclear power plants. It describes the current status and developments in the world. The main regulatory rules, guidelines and methods from the US, Germany, Japan, Finland and France are presented. At this moment different approaches for incorporating the effect of the coolant water environment exist, although the general trend is towards a more uniform approach worldwide. The most common approach is the incorporation of an environmental fatigue correction factor (Fen) in the fatigue derivation of the cumulative usage factor. The Fen formulas and the S-N fatigue curves differ but the general equations are: Fen = N air / N water and CUF = Σ U partial * Fen partial Alternatives like using fatigue curves including the environmental effects, using threshold criteria and calculation of an allowable Fen based on testing, are described. Research and material tests are still on-going and subject of international development. An overview of the current international state-of-the-art is presented.

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