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Tesi sul tema "Géométrie projective convexe"
Fléchelles, Balthazar. "Geometric finiteness in convex projective geometry". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASM029.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of geometrically finite convex projective orbifolds, following work of Ballas, Cooper, Crampon, Leitner, Long, Marquis and Tillmann. A convex projective orbifold is the quotient of a bounded, convex and open subset of an affine chart of real projective space (called a properly convex domain) by a discrete group of projective transformations that preserve it. We say that a convex projective orbifold is strictly convex if there are no non-trivial segments in the boundary of the convex subset, and round if in addition there is a unique supporting hyperplane at each boundary point. Following work of Cooper-Long-Tillmann and Crampon-Marquis, we say that a strictly convex orbifold is geometrically finite if its convex core decomposes as the union of a compact subset and of finitely many ends, called cusps, all of whose points have an injectivity radius smaller than a constant depending only on the dimension. Understanding what types of cusps may occur is crucial for the study of geometrically finite orbifolds. In the strictly convex case, the only known restriction on cusp holonomies, imposed by a generalization of the celebrated Margulis lemma proven by Cooper-Long-Tillmann and Crampon-Marquis, is that the holonomy of a cusp has to be virtually nilpotent. We give a complete characterization of the holonomies of cusps of strictly convex orbifolds and of those of round orbifolds. By generalizing a method of Cooper, which gave the only previously known example of a cusp of a strictly convex manifold with non virtually abelian holonomy, we build examples of cusps of strictly convex manifolds and round manifolds whose holonomy can be any finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent group. In joint work with M. Islam and F. Zhu, we also prove that for torsion-free relatively hyperbolic groups, relative P1-Anosov representations (in the sense of Kapovich-Leeb, Zhu and Zhu-Zimmer) that preserve a properly convex domain are exactly the holonomies of geometrically finite round manifolds.In the general case of non strictly convex projective orbifolds, no satisfactory definition of geometric finiteness is known at the moment. However, Cooper-Long-Tillmann, followed by Ballas-Cooper-Leitner, introduced a notion of generalized cusps in this context. Although they only require that the holonomy be virtually nilpotent, all previously known examples had virtually abelian holonomy. We build examples of generalized cusps whose holonomy can be any finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent group. We also allow ourselves to weaken Cooper-Long-Tillmann’s original definition by assuming only that the holonomy be virtually solvable, and this enables us to construct new examples whose holonomy is not virtually nilpotent.When a geometrically finite orbifold has no cusps, i.e. when its convex core is compact, we say that the orbifold is convex cocompact. Danciger-Guéritaud-Kassel provided a good definition of convex cocompactness for convex projective orbifolds that are not necessarily strictly convex. They proved that the holonomy of a convex cocompact convex projective orbifold is Gromov hyperbolic if and only if the associated representation is P1-Anosov. Using these results, Vinberg’s theory and work of Agol and Haglund-Wise about cubulated hyperbolic groups, we construct, in collaboration with S. Douba, T. Weisman and F. Zhu, examples of P1-Anosov representations for any cubulated hyperbolic group. This gives new examples of hyperbolic groups admitting Anosov representations
Marseglia, Stéphane. "Variétés projectives convexes de volume fini". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD019/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we study strictly convex projective manifolds of finite volume. Such a manifold is the quotient G\U of a properly convex open subset U of the real projective space RP^(n-1) by a discrete torsionfree subgroup G of SLn(R) preserving U. We study the Zariski closure of holonomies of convex projective manifolds of finite volume. For such manifolds G\U, we show that either the Zariski closure of G is SLn(R) or it is a conjugate of SO(1,n-1).We also focuss on the moduli space of strictly convex projective structures of finite volume. We show that this moduli space is a closed set of the representation space
Nedev, Roumen. "Plans projectifs, cliques et enveloppes convexes". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22094.pdf.
Testo completoWe study in this work different types of convex hull of subsets of vertices of the unit cube. We characterize the convex hull of the projective planes of order 2 considered as a subset of the set of the 35 triples of the set with 7 elements. In one second part, we study the neighbourlicity of the k-cliques polyhedron of the complete graph. We show that this polyhedron is 3-neighbourly, we make the conjecture that the same polyhedron defined on the complete r-uniform hypergraphs is (2r - 1)-neighbourly. We describe an integer programming modell which allows us to verify this hypothesis in some particular cases
Gendron, Julie. "Structures projectives convexes réelles sur une paire de pantalons". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6949.
Testo completoPresles, Benoît. "Caractérisation géométrique et morphométrique 3-D par analyse d'image 2-D de distributions dynamiques de particules convexes anisotropes. Application aux processus de cristallisation". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0632/document.
Testo completoSolution crystallization processes are widely used in the process industry as separation and purification operations and are expected to produce solids with desirable properties. The properties concerning the size and the shape are known to have a considerable impact on the final quality of products. Hence, it is of main importance to be able to determine the granulometry of the crystals (CSD) in formation. By using an in situ camera, it is possible to visualize in real time the 2D projections of the 3D particles in the suspension.The projection of a 3D object on a 2D plane necessarily involves a loss of information. Determining the size and the shape of a 3D object from its 2D projections is therefore not easy. This is the main goal of this work: to characterize geometrically and morphometrically 3D objects from their 2D projections. First of all, a method based on the maximum likelihood estimation of the probability density functions of projected geometrical measurements has been developed to estimate the size of 3D convex objects. Then, a stereological shape descriptor based on shape diagrams has been proposed. It enables to characterize the shape of a 3D convex object independently of its size and has notably been used to estimate the value of the anisotropy factors of the 3D convex objects. At last, a combination of the two previous studies has allowed to estimate both the size and the shape of the 3D convex objects. This method has been validated with simulated data, has been compared to a method from the literature and has been used to estimate size distributions of ammonium oxalate particles crystallizing in water that have been compared to other CSD methods
Presles, Benoit. "Caractérisation géométrique et morphométrique 3-D par analyse d'image 2-D de distributions dynamiques de particules convexes anisotropes. Application aux processus de cristallisation". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782471.
Testo completoSalas, Videla David. "Détermination sous-différentielle, propriété Radon-Nikodym de faces, et structure différentielle des ensembles prox-réguliers". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT299/document.
Testo completoThis work is divided in two parts: In the first part, we present an integration result in locally convex spaces for a large class of nonconvex functions which enables us to recover the closed convex envelope of a function from its convex subdifferential. Motivated by this, we introduce the class of Subdifferential Dense Primal Determined (SDPD) spaces, which are those having the necessary condition which allows to use the above integration scheme, and we study several properties of it in the context of Banach spaces. We provide a geometric interpretation of it, called the Faces Radon-Nikod'ym property. In the second part, we study, in the context of Hilbert spaces, the relation between the smoothness of the boundary of a prox-regular set and the smoothness of its metric projection. We show that whenever a set is a closed body with a $mathcal{C}^{p+1}$-smooth boundary (with $pgeq 1$), then its metric projection is of class $mathcal{C}^{p}$ in the open tube associated to its prox-regular function. A local version of the same result is established as well, namely, when the smoothness of the boundary and the prox-regularity of the set are assumed only near a fixed point. We also study the case when the set is itself a $mathcal{C}^{p+1}$-submanifold. Finally, we provide converses for these results