Articoli di riviste: "Geochemical background"

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Gałuszka, Agnieszka, e Zdzisław Migaszewski. "Geochemical background - an environmental perspective". Mineralogia 42, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2011): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10002-011-0002-y.

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Geochemical background - an environmental perspectiveThis article presents the concept of geochemical background from an environmental perspective. The idea of establishing the typical concentrations of elements in various environmental compartments, proposed by exploratory geochemists almost 50 years ago was important for the detection of anomalous element concentrations, thus providing a basic tool in the search for new mineral deposits. At present, the knowledge of the geochemical background of hazardous elements is essential for: defining pollution, identifying the source of contamination, and for establishing reliable environmental quality criteria for soils, sediments and surface waters. The article presents geochemical methods of evaluation of anthropogenic influence on the environment and discusses the problem of defining and understanding the term "geochemical background" and related terms in environmental sciences. It also briefly presents methods of geochemical background evaluation based on the results of environmental sample analyses. It stresses the role of geochemical background in our understanding of environmental pollution and pollution prevention.

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Cembranel, Adir S., Silvio C. Sampaio, Marcelo B. Remor, Jackeline T. Gotardo e Pábolla M. Dalla Rosa. "GEOCHEMICAL BACKGROUND IN AN OXISOL". Engenharia Agrícola 37, n. 3 (giugno 2017): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n3p565-573/2017.

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Reimann, Clemens, e Robert G. Garrett. "Geochemical background—concept and reality". Science of The Total Environment 350, n. 1-3 (novembre 2005): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.047.

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Matschullat, J., R. Ottenstein e C. Reimann. "Geochemical background - can we calculate it?" Environmental Geology 39, n. 9 (14 luglio 2000): 990–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900084.

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Matschullat, Jörg, Silke Höfle, Juscimar da Silva, Jaime Mello, Germano Melo, Alexander Pleßow e Clemens Reimann. "A soil geochemical background for northeastern Brazil". Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 12, n. 3 (agosto 2012): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/10-ra-046.

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Garrett, Robert G., Gerald C. Lalor, John Preston e M. K. Vutchkov. "Variation in geochemical background levels for Jamaican soils". Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 8, n. 2 (23 aprile 2008): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/07-158.

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Zhou, Di. "Adjustment of geochemical background by robust multivariate statistics". Journal of Geochemical Exploration 24, n. 2 (novembre 1985): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(85)90046-9.

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Vodianitsky, Yu, N. Kosareva e A. Savichev. "LANTANIDES (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) AND ACTINIDS (Th, U) IN SOILS OF THE HIBINO-LOVOZERO PROVINCE". Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, n. 65 (30 giugno 2010): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2010-65-75-86.

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In the Khibinsko-Lovozero district of the Kola Peninsula, the territory is divided into three geochemically different areas. In the background area near Umbozero, both mineral and peated samples contain all rare metals below clark: lanthanides and actinides are leaching heavily from acidic podzolic soils. В in the area of weak geochemical anomaly (near Lovozero), all lanthanides are inherited from the loparite-containing rock, and all actinides - Th: their content is 1.3-5.4 times higher than the clark value. In the zone of a strong geochemical anomaly (on the northern shore of Seidozero and on theThe concentration of lanthanides and actinides is even higher: 4-9 times higher than the clark value. There is an impact of a biological barrier that prevents excessive accumulation of of heavy metals in the mosses of a geochemical anomaly.

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Zinkutė, Rimantė, Ričardas Taraškevičius, Margarita Jankauskaitė, Vaidotas Kazakauskas e Žilvinas Stankevičius. "Influence of site-classification approach on geochemical background values". Open Chemistry 18, n. 1 (11 dicembre 2020): 1391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0177.

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AbstractThis study of peri-urban minerogenic topsoil on glacigenic or post-glacial deposits shows the influence of the site-classification approach on the differentiated median background (DMB) values of major elements and the potentially harmful elements (PHEs) Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Composite samples from forests and meadows were taken in 25 sites, each of which had five sub-sites. A fraction of <2 mm was used to determine the organic matter by loss on ignition (LOI), grain size by laser diffraction and the elemental contents by X-ray fluorescence. The following five site-classification approaches are compared: geochemical (G), using relative median contents of Al, K, Ti; textural (T), according to mean percentages of clay-sized fraction (CLF) and silt fraction (SIF); lithological (L), based on soil parent material texture from the soil database; soil type (S), presented in the soil database; and parent material (P), generalising the underlying Quaternary deposits. Sites were classified into four level groups in which the DMB values were estimated after eliminating anomalies. The average ranks of three scores according to SIF, CLF, LOI, Al, K, Ti, Fe, Mg, Ca and S in the respective groups revealed the highest value for the G approach. It better eliminates the CLF and SIF influences on the median assessment indices of PHEs in sites.

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Nakić, Zoran, Kristijan Posavec e Andrea Bačani. "A Visual Basic Spreadsheet Macro for Geochemical Background Analysis". Ground Water 45, n. 5 (settembre 2007): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00325.x.

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Liu, Rui Ping, You Ning Xu, Fang He, Jiang Hua Zhang, Hua Qing Chen, Hai Ling Ke, Gang Qiao, Dong Ying Xu e A. Ning Zhao. "Environmental Impact by Heavy-Metal Dispersion from the Fine Sediments of the Shuangqiao River, Xiaoqinling Gold Area, China". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (maggio 2012): 1929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1929.

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Abstract. the sediments is the second pollution source to the water quality of river in mining area, in order to assess the pollution extent of the Shuangqiao River by anthropogenic activity, and establish the geochemical background values and the possible geochemical anomaly range, The authors use Lognormal distribution plots to study the Mercury, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Arsenic, Zinc and Iron dispersion in the fine sediments of the Shuangqiao River. The Lognormal distribution plots are applied to discriminate the geochemical background levels of eight heavy metals from the geochemical anomalies. The result shows that Mercury, Lead are the most heavily pollution which is related to anthropogenic activities, and the concluded geochemical background value is more reasonable than before.

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Chen, Lirong, Qingfeng Guan, Bin Feng, Hanqiu Yue, Junyi Wang e Fan Zhang. "A Multi-Convolutional Autoencoder Approach to Multivariate Geochemical Anomaly Recognition". Minerals 9, n. 5 (30 aprile 2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050270.

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The spatial structural patterns of geochemical backgrounds are often ignored in geochemical anomaly recognition, leading to the ineffective recognition of valuable anomalies in geochemical prospecting. In this contribution, a multi-convolutional autoencoder (MCAE) approach is proposed to deal with this issue, which includes three unique steps: (1) a whitening process is used to minimize the correlations among geochemical elements, avoiding the diluting of effective background information embedded in redundant data; (2) the Global Moran’s I index is used to determine the recognition domain of the background spatial structure for each element, and then the domain is used for convolution window size setting in MCAE; and (3) a multi-convolutional autoencoder framework is designed to learn the spatial structural pattern and reconstruct the geochemical background of each element. Finally, the anomaly score at each sampling location is calculated as the difference between the whitened geochemical features and the reconstructed features. This method was applied to the southwestern Fujian Province metalorganic belt in China, using the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Fe2O3 measured from stream sediment samples. The results showed that the recognition domain determination greatly improved the quality of anomaly recognition, and MCAE outperformed several existing methods in all aspects. In particular, the anomalies from MCAE were the most consistent with the known Fe deposits in the area, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 and a forecast area of 17%.

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Li, Peiyu, Qingjie Gong, Shaoyu Chen, Peng Li, Jiankang Li, Xuan Wu, Xiaolei Li, Xuefeng Wang e Ningqiang Liu. "Regional Geochemical Characteristics of Lithium in the Mufushan Area, South China". Applied Sciences 14, n. 5 (28 febbraio 2024): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051978.

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With the explosive growth in demand for lithium (Li) resources, the Mufushan area has been a hotspot for Li deposit exploration in China in recent years. Geochemical maps and geochemical anomaly maps are basic maps in the geochemical exploration of mineral resources. A fixed-value method to contour a Li geochemical map is presented here, in which Li concentrations are divided into 19 levels on 18 fixed values, ranging from 5 μg/g (corresponding to the detection limit) to 1858 μg/g (corresponding to the cut-off grade of Li deposit in hard-rock type) and illustrated in six color tones corresponding to Li areas of low background, high background, low anomaly, high anomaly, mineralization in clay-type, and mineralization in hard-rock type. The geochemical map of Li in the Mufushan area using the new fixed-value method indicates that the study area belongs to the high background area, and the known Li deposits are located in the high anomaly areas. In addition, the geochemical anomaly map of the Mufushan area is drawn using the method of seven levels of classification, and indicates that the known Li deposits are all in the anomaly areas, with anomaly levels not lower than the second level. Furthermore, four other areas are recognized for Li resource potential based on the geochemical map and geochemical anomaly map in the Mufushan area.

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Cheng, Qiuming, F. P. Agterberg e S. B. Ballantyne. "The separation of geochemical anomalies from background by fractal methods". Journal of Geochemical Exploration 51, n. 2 (luglio 1994): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(94)90013-2.

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Zakharchenko, A. V., O. A. Pasko, A. A. Tigeev e D. V. Moskovchenko. "On the Background Values of the Geochemical Spectra of Microelements of the Solid Phase of Snow During their Comparative Analysis in the Cities of Tobolsk And Tyumen". Ecology and Industry of Russia 27, n. 4 (12 aprile 2023): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-4-61-65.

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Local features of the geochemical spectra of trace elements in the snow dust of Tobolsk and Tyumen were revealed using a hierarchical cluster analysis of the normalized values of their content. Geochemical spectra of snow sampling points were studied in residential and industrial areas, as well as in significantly remote areas (conditional background). Four clusters were identified in Tobolsk and five in Tyumen, for each of them characteristic geochemical spectra and pollution sources were detected.

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Xu, Shan, Miao Wang, Chang Chun Liu e Shou Yi Li. "Evaluation of Gold Geochemical Anomalies in the Liaodong Paleorift". Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (gennaio 2014): 620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.620.

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89 Au geochemical anomalies are delineated by using 1/200000 regional geochemical exploration data. By researching regional geochemical characteristics and the relationship with the geological background, the author points out that: the main factors causing high background of Au geochemical anomalies are Gaixian and Dashiqiao formation of Liaohe group, intrusions of Mesozoic intermediate-acid intrusive rocks. The elements combination types of typical anomalies are determined by using factorial analysis,cluster analysis and other mathematical methods with the combination of elements association in typical anomalies:the composite anomaly of Baiyun gold deposits is Au-As-Sb, Maoling gold deposit is Au-As-Bi-Mo, Wulong gold deposits is Au-As-Bi-W, Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit is Au-As-Bi-Mo-Sb. By using multivariate statistical analysis method,62 ore-caused anomaly are preferred in 89 Au geochemical anomalies delineated. On this basis, the 62 anomalies are divided into 4 kinds of anomaly types reference to elements combination types of typical anomalies,the classification results of ore-caused anomalies are: 4 geochemical anomalies of Baiyun type,36 geochemical anomalies of Maoling type,11 geochemical anomalies of Wulong type, 11 geochemical anomalies of Xiaotongjapuzi type. According to the results, the prospecting direction is provided for the future of gold exploration.

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Gregorauskienė, Virgilija. "MAPPING OF GEOCHEMICAL CONTAMINATION IN URBAN AREAS OF LITHUANIA". JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 14, n. 1 (31 marzo 2006): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2006.9636879.

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In Lithuania geochemical mapping of urban areas was started in Vilnius city in 1985. Topsoil, stream sediments, snow cover, manufactory dust and other sampling media are used in ecogeochemical investigations. The aim of investigations is to detect sources of pollution, its geochemical properties and spread of its contamination. Furthermore, a sanitary assessment of urban soil is carried out on the basis of available geochemical data and the soil quality standard of Lithuania HN 60:2004. The soil contamination with heavy metals is estimated according to the highest allowable concentrations (HAC) and the total contamination index Zd which is related to the criteria of human health. At present the geochemical data on soil contamination in the areas of Vilnius, Panevëžys, Mažeikiai, Šiauliai, Alytus, Biržai, Pasvalys, Rokiškis, Kupiškis and other towns are in store of the geochemists of Geological Survey of Lithuania and Institute of Geology and Geography. The soil geochemical background values obtained by geochemical mapping of natural areas are always used for assessment of contaminated urban areas. Part of geochemical background and contamination data is published in Geochemical Atlas of Lithuania. Some geochemical data and soil contamination maps are in use of town municipalities on order and funds of which the geochemical investigations of urban areas were performed. However, geochemical investigations lag behind the planning, development and reclamation projects of urban areas, thus, new dwelling houses are often built on hazardous contaminated sites that may make a threat against human health.

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Salomão, Gabriel Negreiros, Danielle de Lima Farias, Prafulla Kumar Sahoo, Roberto Dall’Agnol e Dibyendu Sarkar. "Integrated Geochemical Assessment of Soils and Stream Sediments to Evaluate Source-Sink Relationships and Background Variations in the Parauapebas River Basin, Eastern Amazon". Soil Systems 5, n. 1 (22 marzo 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5010021.

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This study aims to handle an integrated evaluation of soil and stream sediment geochemical data to evaluate source apportionment and to establish geochemical threshold variations for Fe, Al, and 20 selected Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) in the Parauapebas River Basin (PB), Eastern Amazon. The data set used in this study is from the Itacaiúnas Geochemical Mapping and Background Project (ItacGMBP), which collected 364 surface soil (0–10 cm) samples and 189 stream sediments samples in the entire PB. The <0.177 mm fraction of these samples were analyzed for 51 elements by ICP-MS and ICP-AES, following an aqua regia digestion. The geochemical maps of many elements revealed substantial differences between the north (NPB) and the south (SPB) of PB, mainly due to the geological setting. The new statistically derived threshold values of the NPB and SPB regions were compared to the threshold of the whole PB, reported in previous studies, and to quality guidelines proposed by Brazilian environmental agencies. The natural variation of geochemical background in soils and stream sediments of PB should be considered prior to defining new guideline values. At the regional scale, the local anomalies are mostly influenced by the predominant lithology rather than any anthropogenic impact.

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Calmus, Thierry, Martín Valencia-Moreno, Rafael Del Río-Salas, Lucas Ochoa-Landín e Héctor Mendivil-Quijada. "A multi-elemental study to establish the natural background and geochemical anomalies in rocks from the Sonora river upper basin, NW Mexico". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 35, n. 2 (25 luglio 2018): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2018.2.605.

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Growing industrialization, including mining activity, dramatically increases environmental pollution. Exploitation of natural resources triggers landscape alteration, inputs of potentially toxic chemical elements to the environment and health diseases. In the case of mining activity, the measure of any associated environmental disturbance requires a geochemical background as a reference frame. Since in Mexico, there is a lack of this type of references in mining districts, the present study took a recent mining spill as an opportunity to establish the geochemical background of the upper Sonora river basin, which includes active and historical mining areas. The weighted average of elemental values was calculated using GIS tools. The data show that rocks have a similar geochemical behavior, which is characterized by pristine enrichment of Mn, Ca, P, Ba, Zn, As, Ag, Sb, W, Pb and Bi relative to the upper continental crust. Coefficients of variation values reveal that Sc, Y, Zr, Ce, Yb, Fe, Ti and Al display a conservative behavior and, therefore, they are recommended to be used as reference elements in environmental studies in the basin. The findings of this work highlight the need of determining the geochemical background in mining regions to reach more realistic environmental assessments.

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Licht, Otavio. "Geochemical background - what a complex meaning has such a simple expression!" Geochimica Brasiliensis 34, n. 2 (21 dicembre 2020): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21715/gb2358-2812.2020342161.

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The term background was introduced in geochemistry applied to the prospecting of mineral deposits to designate a value, below which the samples would represent normal contents and above which they would be deviations from normality and could represent anomalies related to mineral deposits. In the 1980’s, when the techniques applied in mineral exploration were absorbed by the nascent environmental sciences, the term background was also incorporated with a very similar meaning. However, since its first application, this term has been adopted arbitrarily, without considering the enormous diversity of underlying variables that can substantially alter its numerical meaning. In this article, the large number of components that make up this "complex system" known as geochemical background will be presented and discussed, and which cover virtually all concepts of geochemical exploration whether applied in geological-mining or environmental actions, such as: the type of sample collected, the sample preparation procedures, the fraction to be analyzed, the analytical technique used, the criterion for choosing the value, the sample density, the spatial variability and the variations over time.

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Aksentov, K. I., V. V. Sattarova, A. S. Astakhov, Xuefa Shi, M. V. Ivanov, A. V. Alatorsev e D. V. Kim. "MERCURY BACKGROUND IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE EASTERN ARCTIC". Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 511, n. 1 (1 luglio 2023): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723600443.

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On the basis of dated bottom sediment cores, layers accumulated in the pre-industrial period were selected. They determine the mercury concentrations, which are the geochemical background for the selected water areas. The variability of mercury concentrations in the sediments of the inner shelf is small (20–30 μg/kg) and can be used as a basis for environmental assessment in the economic development of the Arctic regions.

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Lyuta, N. G. "FEATURES OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE RIVERS OF UKRAINE". Мінеральні ресурси України, n. 1 (30 marzo 2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2018.1.28-32.

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The chemical composition of bottom sediments is an important indicator of the ecological state of both water systems and watershed areas, since contaminated bottom sediments are a potential source of secondary pollution of aquatic systems. The analysis of recent publications shows that great attention has been paid to the chemical composition of bottom sediments, however, as a rule, these studies are of a local nature, that is, they cover very small areas. This often raises the issue of criteria for assessing the ecological and geochemical status of bottom sediments, since a small number of samples does not allow correctly determining the local geochemical background. In addition, generally accepted norms, for example, the maximum allowable concentrations, do not exist for bottom sediments. In these conditions, data on regional geochemical backgrounds of pollutants are needed. The need for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Ukraine, which requires the introduction of water management basin-based, necessitates the determination of the geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments within the river basin territories. To study the distribution of heavy metals and determine their regional backgrounds in the bottom sediments, a database of environmental and geochemical information was used in the GIS, one of the blocks of which is information on the content of chemical elements and compounds in the bottom sediments of watercourses and water bodies of Ukraine, and the electronic map of river basins of Ukraine. Based on the analysis in the GIS of information on the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of the rivers of Ukraine (about 8,1 thousand samples), regional geochemical background of lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and cobalt have been determined. The main regularities of distribution of chemical elements in bottom sediments in the territory of Ukraine are established. For the chemical elements in question, a gradual increase in their content in soils from north to south, that is, from the river basins of the Polissya zone to the basins of the Steppe landscape-climatic zone, is consistent with the geochemical features of the soil cover of the catchment areas. The increased background content of chemical elements in bottom sediments often spatially coincides with the spread of soil differences in the catchment areas, which also have a high content of these elements. The maximum background content of most heavy metals in bottom sediments is naturally clearly recorded within the Carpathian-Crimean metallogenic province. Thus, despite the long and intensive technogenic impact on the surface water bodies of Ukraine, it is necessary to note the priority of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of bottom sediments, at least for the heavy metals considered above.

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Nawrot, Nicole, Ewa Wojciechowska, Muhammad Mohsin, Suvi Kuittinen, Ari Pappinen e Shahabaldin Rezania. "Trace Metal Contamination of Bottom Sediments: A Review of Assessment Measures and Geochemical Background Determination Methods". Minerals 11, n. 8 (12 agosto 2021): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080872.

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This paper provides an overview of different methods of assessing the trace metal (TM) contamination status of sediments affected by anthropogenic interference. The geochemical background determination methods are also described. A total of 25 papers covering rivers, lakes, and retention tanks sediments in areas subjected to anthropogenic pressure from the last three years (2019, 2020, and 2021) were analysed to support our examination of the assessment measures. Geochemical and ecotoxicological classifications are presented that may prove useful for sediment evaluation. Among the geochemical indices, several individual pollution indices (CF, Igeo, EF, Pi (SPI), PTT), complex pollution indices (PLI, Cdeg, mCdeg, Pisum, PIAvg, PIaAvg, PIN, PIProd, PIapProd, PIvectorM, PINemerow, IntPI, MPI), and geochemical classifications are compared. The ecotoxicological assessment includes an overview of Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG) and classifications introduced nationally (as LAWA or modified LAWA). The ecotoxicological indices presented in this review cover individual (ERi) and complex indices (CSI, SPI, RAC, PERI, MERMQ). Biomonitoring of contaminated sites based on plant bioindicators is extensively explored as an indirect method for evaluating pollution sites. The most commonly used indices in the reviewed papers were Igeo, EF, and CF. Many authors referred to ecotoxicological assessment via SQG. Moreover, PERI, which includes the toxic response index, was just as popular. The most recognised bioindicators include the Phragmites and Salix species. Phragmites can be considered for Fe, Cu, Cd, and Ni bioindication in sites, while Salix hybrid cultivars such as Klara may be considered for phytostabilisation and rhizofiltration due to higher Cu, Zn, and Ni accumulation in roots. Vetiveria zizanoides demonstrated resistance to As stress and feasibility for the remediation of As. Moreover, bioindicators offer a feasible tool for recovering valuable elements for the development of a circular economy (e.g., rare earth elements).

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Konstantinova, Elizaveta, Tatiana Minkina, Dina Nevidomskaya, Tatiana Bauer, Yuri Fedorov, Inna Zamulina, Saglara Mandzhieva et al. "Establishment of regional background for heavy metals in the soils of the Lower Don and the Taganrog Bay coast". E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126503004.

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Data on the regional geochemical background and threshold values of heavy metals are required to establish anomalies and assess soil pollution. As a rule, the background values are the average contents of elements in natural undisturbed soils, or the threshold values for the study area, obtained by statistical methods. The aim of the study is to obtain geochemical threshold values of heavy metals in the soils of the Lower Don and the Taganrog Bay coast using different statistical approaches. A total of 86 topsoil samples were collected from the study area. The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Сu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. The median element concentrations in the soils of the study area were consistent with world soil average and metal concentrations in background soils of protected area. Using a ‘geochemical’ approach is not suitable for this dataset because it does not take into account the natural variability of concentrations in different soil types. The Tukey inner fence method delivers estimates that do not detect outliers for Ni, As, Cd, and Pb. The ‘median + 2 median absolute deviations’ method was the most appropriate, as it consistently provided the most conservative background values.

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Juchen, Carlos Roberto, Márcio Antônio Vilas Boas, Cristiano Poleto e Maurício Macedo. "Use of legal reserve areas as geochemical background in hydrosedimentology studies¹". Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, n. 6 (dicembre 2014): 1950–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000600029.

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In hydrosedimentology studies the determination of the trace element concentrations at the study site is imperative, since this background can be used to assess the enrichment of sediments with these elements. This enrichment can be the result of the natural process of geological formation or of anthropogenic activities. In the latter case, guidelines are used to indicate the concentrations at which trace elements cause ecotoxicity effects on the environment. Thus, this study used legal reserve areas in the municipality of Toledo, PR, where natural forests are maintained, with no or minimal human interference to establish background levels. The results of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma showed that the legal reserves have lower levels of trace elements than other theoretical references, but equivalent concentrations to the safety levels recommended by international guidelines. It was concluded that determining values is fundamental to recommend this background as scientific database for research in the area of hydrosedimentology of this site and also as a way of environmental management of the watershed of this municipality.

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Mateja, Gosar, Šajn Robert, Bavec Špela, Gaberšek Martin, Pezdir Valentina e Miler Miloš. "Geochemical background and threshold for 47 chemical elements in Slovenian topsoil". Geologija 62, n. 1 (12 marzo 2019): 5–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2019.001.

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Ding, Song, Dong-Xing Guan, Zhi-Hua Dai, Jing Su, H. Henry Teng, Junfeng Ji, Yizhang Liu, Zhongfang Yang e Lena Q. Ma. "Nickel bioaccessibility in soils with high geochemical background and anthropogenic contamination". Environmental Pollution 310 (ottobre 2022): 119914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119914.

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Kot, Fyodor S. "The Effect of Natural Geochemical Background on Neurological and Mental Health". Exposure and Health 12, n. 4 (18 settembre 2019): 569–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00322-y.

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Azri, Chafai, Habib Abida e Khaled Medhioub. "Geochemical behaviour of the Tunisian background aerosols in Sirocco wind circulations". Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 26, n. 3 (maggio 2009): 390–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-0390-8.

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Hamon, R. E., M. J. McLaughlin, R. J. Gilkes, A. W. Rate, B. Zarcinas, A. Robertson, G. Cozens, N. Radford e L. Bettenay. "Geochemical indices allow estimation of heavy metal background concentrations in soils". Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18, n. 1 (28 gennaio 2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002063.

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Stanley, Clifford R., e Alastair J. Sinclair. "Anomaly recognition for multi-element geochemical data — A background characterization approach". Journal of Geochemical Exploration 29, n. 1-3 (gennaio 1987): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(87)90085-9.

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32

Santos, Patrícia, Jorge Espinha Marques, Joana Ribeiro, Catarina Mansilha, Armindo Melo, Rita Fonseca, Helena Sant’Ovaia e Deolinda Flores. "Geochemistry of Soils from the Surrounding Area of a Coal Mine Waste Pile Affected by Self-Burning (Northern Portugal)". Minerals 13, n. 1 (24 dicembre 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010028.

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Coal mining can generate organic and inorganic contaminants that can be disseminated in the surrounding soils by leaching and/or aerial deposition. This study aims to identify and characterize the physicochemical and geochemical changes promoted in soils from the surrounding area of a self-burning waste pile in an abandoned coal mine. A soil sampling campaign was conducted bordering the waste pile, comprising the main drainage areas as well as the areas uphill. The soils were characterized geochemically for major and trace elements and multivariate statistics was used in combination with geostatistical methodologies to study the statistical and spatial relations of the different elements and infer their Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) sources. The 16 priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and quantified in soils according to their spatial distribution, and their pyrogenic/petrogenic sources were inferred. Different sources were identified as contributing to the soil geochemical signature, considering not only the mine but also anthropogenic urban contamination or naturally enhanced regional geochemical background in multiple PTEs. PAHs tend to concentrate downstream of the waste pile, along the runoff areas, presenting a greater variety of the 16 priority PAHs and an increase of High Molecular Weight (HMW) PAHs pointing to its pyrogenic origin, possibly related to the self-combustion phenomenon occurring in the waste pile.

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van den Oever, F. "Aruba - a geochemical baseline study". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 79, n. 4 (dicembre 2000): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001677460002196x.

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AbstractA stream-sediment survey was carried out for the island of Aruba. Concentrations in stream sediments represent the abundance of chemical elements in the drainage basins. A geochemical atlas was created from the collected data and natural background values were established. Cluster analysis and pattern recognition techniques were used to gain a better understanding of the data set.Two cluster models were selected to study the various geochemical controls on the sediments and to establish a spatial basis of environmental-quality settings for the development of future environmental policies. The first cluster model was suitable to recognise in some detail the reflection of the geology on the geochemistry of the stream sediments. The second, coarser cluster model stressed the importance to distinguish between the two main lithological units of the island when instituting natural background values. Not one uniform value per element is valid, but the value depends on the lithology.

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Dziuba, Ekaterina A. "DETERMINATION OF LOCAL BACKGROUND CONTENT OF SOME MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS IN THE SOILS OF THE PERM REGION". Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, n. 1 (56) (2021): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2021-1-95-108.

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According to the V.I. Vernadsky law, chemical elements are distributed unevenly in natural objects. Knowledge of the content of chemical elements in a particular area helps in solving various environmental problems. As a result of economic activity, there occurs anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment, including changes in the geochemical properties of landscapes. For an objective assessment of the anthropogenic impact when studying various territories, it is necessary to take into account the background content of macro- and microelements. Since there is a constant anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, the data on background content must be updated. The article presents the results of the content study conducted for some macro- and microelements (Sr, Pb, As, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe2O3, MnO, Cr, V, TiO2) in landscapes in the Perm region. To determine the content of these elements, the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied. As a result, the geochemical specialization of the region and its natural areas (Northern Urals, Western Urals, Middle Taiga, South Taiga, Mixed Coniferous-broad-leaved Forests and Kungur forest-steppe) was determined, geochemical series were constructed, accumulating and dispersing elements were identified. The local background content of the studied elements was determined for each natural area and also the Perm region as a whole. The data obtained can be used to assess the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment.

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Tao, Zhongping, Bingli Liu, Ke Guo, Na Guo, Cheng Li, Yao Xia e Yaohua Luo. "3D Primary Geochemical Halo Modeling and Its Application to the Ore Prediction of the Jiama Polymetallic Deposit, Tibet, China". Geofluids 2021 (19 agosto 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6629187.

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The identification of primary geochemical haloes can be used to predict mineral resources in deep-seated orebodies through the delineation of element distributions. The Jiama deposits a typical skarn–porphyry Cu–polymetallic deposit in the Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet. The Cu–polymetallic skarn, Cu–Mo hornfels, and Mo ± Cu porphyry mineralization there exhibit superimposed geochemical haloes at depth. Three-dimensional (3D) primary geochemical halo modeling was undertaken for the deposit with the aim of providing geochemical data to describe element distributions in 3D space. An overall geochemical zonation of Zn(Pb) → Au → Cu(Ag) → Mo gained from geochemical cross-sections, together with dip-direction skarn zonation Pb–Zn(Cu) → Cu(Au–Ag–Mo) → Mo(Cu) → Cu–Mo(Au–Ag) and vertical zonation Cu–(Pb–Zn) → Mo–(Cu) → Mo–Cu–(Ag–Au–Pb–Zn) → Mo in the #24 exploration profile, indicates potential mineralization at depth. Integrated geochemical anomalies were extracted by kernel principal component analysis, which has the advantage of accommodating nonlinear data. A maximum-entropy model was constructed for deep mineral resources of uncertainty prediction. Three potential deep mineral targets are proposed on the basis of the obtained geochemical information and background.

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Négrel, Philippe, Anna Ladenberger, Clemens Reimann, Manfred Birke, Alecos Demetriades e Martiya Sadeghi. "GEMAS: Geochemical background and mineral potential of emerging tech-critical elements in Europe revealed from low-sampling density geochemical mapping". Applied Geochemistry 111 (dicembre 2019): 104425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104425.

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Semina, I. S., e V. A. Androkhanov. "GEOCHEMICAL BACKGROUND IN SEMIMATURE SOILS MADE ON RECLAIMED SITES USING COAL WASTE". Ugol', n. 06 (8 giugno 2022): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18796/0041-5790-2022-6-74-79.

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Lavrusevich, A. A., I. M. Evgrafova, K. S. Polyakova, O. K. Vdovina e R. V. Vysokinskaya. "Role of geochemical background at evaluation of investment attractiveness of recreational territories". Vestnik MGSU, n. 8 (agosto 2014): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2014.8.98-106.

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Chen, Guoxiong, e Qiuming Cheng. "Fractal-Based Wavelet Filter for Separating Geophysical or Geochemical Anomalies from Background". Mathematical Geosciences 50, n. 3 (27 ottobre 2017): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-017-9707-9.

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Hao, Libo, Xinyun Zhao, Yuyan Zhao, Jilong Lu e Liji Sun. "Determination of the geochemical background and anomalies in areas with variable lithologies". Journal of Geochemical Exploration 139 (aprile 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.11.007.

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Rudykh, I. V. "Application of geochemical methods for direct prediction of hydrocarbon deposits in Western Yakutia". Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Series "Earth Sciences", n. 3 (21 settembre 2023): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/svfu.2023.31.3.003.

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Based on the materials previously carried out by various types of geochemical surveys (water-gas, hydrochemical, litho-gas-geochemical, snow, atmochemical, bituminological sampling), an analysis of the oil and gas potential prospects of the eastern part of the Siberian platform within the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) established a direct relationship between the anomalies and the proven oil and gas potential of the studied territories. The indicators of geochemical field anomalies are an order of magnitude higher within territories with proven oil and gas potential (Nepa-Botuobinskaya anteclise) than in the territories where they are absent, including oil and gas fields that have been discovered to date (Syugdzherskaya structural low). A striking example is the geochemical research carried out within the Chayanda oil and gas condensate field, where the confirmation of deposits by drilling, using geochemical data, increased by 30 %, which indicates the validity of the use of geochemical analysis methods in the search for oil and gas. Based on the analysis of the data presented, when predicting and searching for hydrocarbon accumulations, the most rational approach is to carry out mandatory advanced zoning of large territories according to the level of geochemical background.

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Ouyang, Yuan, Wunian Yang, Hanxiao Huang, Hong Liu, Jianlong Zhang e Jianhua Zhang. "Metallogenic Dynamics Background of Ga’erqiong Cu-Au Deposit in Tibet, China". Earth Sciences Research Journal 21, n. 2 (1 aprile 2017): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n2.65192.

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The Ga’erqiong Cu-Au deposit, which sits on the north side of the Coqên-Xainzamagmatite belt, is a large-scale skarn-type deposit, whose ore body has formed in the skarn zone in the contact part of quartz diorite and marble of Duoai formation or the cracks of quartz diorite. Its mineralization is closely related to quartz diorite. And granite porphyry-related molybdenum ore still exists in its deep part. Currently, there are disputes about the metallogenic dynamics background of this deposit. From previous studies, this paper carried out zircon LA-LCPMS U-Pb dating and petrogeochemistry study for quartz diorite of Ga’erqiong Cu-Au deposit. The testing result indicates: quartz diorite and granite porphyry were formed respectively in 88±2Ma and 83±1Ma, belonging to the magmatic activity of the early stage of Upper Cretaceous; quartz diorite and granite porphyry have geochemical characteristics similar to those of island arc rock of subduction zone and geochemical indexes similar to “adakite.” Combining with the regional tectonic evolution, we think that quartz diorite and granite porphyry were all formed in the extension environment after the collision of Lhasa block and Qiangtang block. Quartz diorite is the result of the migmatization of basic melt and acid melt evoked by asthenosphere material raise caused by lower crustal delamination; the formation of granite porphyry may be crust-mantle material’s partial melting results due to delaminated lower crustal. Therefore, Ga’erqiongskarn-type Cu-Au deposit belongs to the metallogenic response to the collisional orogeny in the closing process of Meso-Tethys.

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Andreev, D., e S. Buzmakov. "Anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems by geochemical and photosynthetic parameters". Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature 7, n. 2 (2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-49-57.

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Geochemical and physiological indices gained at the background area and at the area under anthropogenic impact were compared. The study sites comprise 30 sample areas each. Overall, 600 samples of pine needles were designated for the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence measurement as well as 60 samples of soil and pine needle correspondingly were selected to perform the geochemical analysis. The biological uptake of the pine urban ecosystems is represented in the range: Mn (10,16) > P (7,19) > Ag (2,78) > Ba (2,76) > Cu (2,31) > Sr (1,85) > Ni (1,80) > Zn (1,75) > Pb (0,86) > Co (0,48) > Cr (0,40) > Zr (0,37) > V (0,36) > Ga (0,33) > Ti (0,21). In comparison with the background site data the biological uptake is increased in regard to V, Ti, Ni, Cu, Cr. The methodology implies the method of recording the relative index of delayed fluorescence with the help of fluorimeter “Photon 10”. The data accumulated in the course of the geochemical analysis allowed to distinguish common geochemical features of the study sites and revealed differences in soil and needle qualities. The value of relative index of delayed fluorescence (RIDF) under the impact of considerable anthropogenic impact is lower by 25% and more related to the background site. This deviation testifies that the human impact is present even on the early stage of ecosystem degradation.

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Brotodewo, Adrienne, Caroline Tiddy, Diana Zivak, Adrian Fabris, David Giles, Shaun Light e Ben Forster. "Recognising Mineral Deposits from Cover; A Case Study Using Zircon Chemistry in the Gawler Craton, South Australia". Minerals 11, n. 9 (25 agosto 2021): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11090916.

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Detrital zircon grains preserved within clasts and the matrix of a basal diamictite sequence directly overlying the Carrapateena IOCG deposit in the Gawler Craton, South Australia are shown here to preserve U–Pb ages and geochemical signatures that can be related to underlying mineralisation. The zircon geochemical signature is characterised by elevated heavy rare-earth element fractionation values (GdN/YbN ≥ 0.15) and high Eu ratios (Eu/Eu* ≥ 0.6). This geochemical signature has previously been recognised within zircon derived from within the Carrapateena orebody and can be used to distinguish zircon associated with IOCG mineralisation from background zircon preserved within stratigraphically equivalent regionally unaltered and altered samples. The results demonstrate that zircon chemistry is preserved through processes of weathering, erosion, transport, and incorporation into cover sequence materials and, therefore, may be dispersed within the cover sequence, effectively increasing the geochemical footprint of the IOCG mineralisation. The zircon geochemical criteria have potential to be applied to whole-rock geochemical data for the cover sequence diamictite in the Carrapateena area; however, this requires understanding of the presence of minerals that may influence the HREE fractionation (GdN/YbN) and/or Eu/Eu* results (e.g., xenotime, feldspar).

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Beznosikov, V. A., e Evgeny D. Lodygin. "GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS". Hygiene and sanitation 97, n. 7 (15 luglio 2018): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-7-623-628.

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There was executed the ecological and geochemical assessment of the regional background of heavy metals (HM) and hydrocarbons in the soils of the Komi Republic. There were examined 249 soil samples taken from 15 organic horizons of the main types and subtypes of background soils from Usinsk and Pechora districts of the Komi Republic. The quantitative chemical analysis of HM in the soil samples was carried out by atomic absorption method: Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Mn - on atomic emission spectrometer Spectro Ciros inductively coupled argon plasma, Hg - using the RA-915+ mercury spectrometer on the pyrolytic prefix RP-91C. The concentration of hydrocarbons in the soil samples was determined by the value of the hexane extract of the fluorescence intensity measured on a liquid analyzer Fluorat-02. Background levels of HM and in the soils were found to be determined by characteristics of the particle size distribution of soil-forming rocks, as well as the arrangement of soil geochemical autonomous and subordinate landscapes. The basic amount of HM and hydrocarbons accumulated in the organic horizons: the largest, as a rule, in the soils of river valleys (flood), on flat depressions, poorly drained river ridges and gentle slopes (bog-podzolic and illuvial-ferruginous); the lowest - in the watersheds (podzols). Differentiation between HM and hydrocarbons in genetic horizons is more pronounced in loamy automorphic and less sandy, semi-hydromorphic and hydromorphic soils. For all soils, there is the typical eluvial-illuvial distribution of HM and hydrocarbons in the profile. The revealed pair correlations between the individual elements in the soils give an indication of the similar orientation of biogeochemical processes in the soil formation. The database of the content of HM and hydrocarbons in soils using GIS technology was created. The research results were the basis for the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic of November 25, 2009 N 529 «On establishing norms background concentrations of chemical elements and hydrocarbons in the soils of the Komi Republic».

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Esmaeiloghli, S., e S. H. Tabatabaei. "Comparative Analysis of Geochemical Data Processing Methods for Allocation of Anomalies and Background". Geochemistry International 58, n. 4 (aprile 2020): 472–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016702920040084.

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Gałuszka, Agnieszka. "A review of geochemical background concepts and an example using data from Poland". Environmental Geology 52, n. 5 (17 ottobre 2006): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0528-2.

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Peh, Zoran, Slobodan Miko e Ozren Hasan. "Geochemical background in soils: a linear process domain? An example from Istria (Croatia)". Environmental Earth Sciences 59, n. 6 (11 marzo 2009): 1367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0125-2.

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Roquin, C., e H. Zeegers. "Improving anomaly selection by statistical estimation of background variations in regional geochemical prospecting". Journal of Geochemical Exploration 29, n. 1-3 (gennaio 1987): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(87)90083-5.

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Zhang, Yue Qiao, Wei Hou e Fang Zhang. "The Provenance Tectonic Background Analysis of the Upper Jurassic Mohe Basin in Northeast China". Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (agosto 2013): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.476.

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The provenance tectonic background of Late Jurassic Mohe Basin was researched through the geochemical composition of sandstone. The Late Jurassic Mohe Basin is characterized by multiple provenances. One provenance is the active continental margin, and another is the island arc. Comparing with the regional lithology, the active continental margin may be from the Mongolia-Okhotsk orogenic belt, and the island arc may be from the northern of the Da Hingan Mountains. The characteristics are concerned with its geotectonic position.

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