Tesi sul tema "Genocide in the theater"
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1
Breed, Ananda. "Theatre for reconciliation in post-genocide Rwanda". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505470.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis aims to identify how theatre is used in post-genocide Rwanda, specifically between 2004 and 2009 during the span of doctoral research. Although I initially selected the title, 'Theatre for Reconciliation in Post-Genocide Rwanda' to frame my inquiry into how theatre can be used for healing in a post-conflict zone, I found theatre to be one of various methods used by a conflict-torn nation to create a renewed sense of national identity, forge fresh relationships between survivors and perpetrators and encode systems of governance, among other objectives beyond reconciliation.
2
Maedza, Pedzisai. "Chains of memory in the postcolony: performing and remembering the Namibian genocide". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research project is an interdisciplinary investigation of the memory of the 1904-1908 Namibian genocide through its performance representation(s). It lies at the intersection of performance, memory and genocide studies. The research considers the role of performance in remembering, memorialising, commemorating, contesting, transmitting and sustaining the memory of the genocide across time and place. The project frames performance as a media through which history is narrated by positioning performance as a complex interlocutor of the past in the present. This claim is premised on the assumption that the past is not simply given in memory ‘but it must be articulated to become memory’ (Huyssen, 1995:3). The research considers commemoration events and processes as fruitful performance nodes to uncover the past as well as the politics of the present. It makes the case that while the Namibian genocide has so far been denied official or state acknowledgement, it is chiefly through the medium of performance that the genocide memory is remembered, contested and performed. The project offers a variety of perspectives on the relationship between genocide violence, memory and space by focusing on what is remembered, how it is remembered and by paying attention to when it is remembered. The research contributes to an understanding and reconstruction of memory and performance of the Namibian genocide on two fronts. Firstly, as a cultural phenomenon and secondly, as a form of elegy and memorial in contemporary times. These insights contribute to the emerging body of scholarly work on performance and the cultural memory of the Namibian genocide. The project also charts avenues of inquiry in the production and transmission of memory across time and generations, within and beyond Namibian national borders. It pays close attention to performance’s contribution to the formation of cultural memory by exploring the conditions and factors that make remembering in common possible such as language, images, rituals, commemoration practices, exhibitions, theatre and sites of memories. Through examining the specific role of performance as a medium of cultural memory of the Namibian genocide the study considers ‘memory as performing history’ (Shuttleworth et al., 2000:8). The research interrogates how contemporary artistic performance representations and interpretations from within and outside of Namibia inform the way societal history and the present are presented and remembered. Performance becomes an aperture to investigate the enduring contemporary role of the memory of the Namibian genocide as well as its simultaneous reconfiguration. This enables the project to investigate how memories circulate across time and place - transnationally and across generations. This cross-border and transgenerational reflection is essential to understanding how the Namibian genocide has and is articulated, circulated, structured and remembered through performance in the postcolony.
3
Martz, Kuhn Émilie. "Ecritures scéniques de la catastrophe humaine dans le théâtre contemporain : Etude de cas et recherche-création". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030062.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse de doctorat en littérature et arts de la scène et de l’écran examine les écritures scéniques de la catastrophe humaine dans le théâtre contemporain. Elle explore les dynamiques qui sous-tendent la représentation de la barbarie au sein de formes spectaculaires marquées par une forte dimension visuelle. Divisé en deux volets – un premier, critique et un second, pratique –, le travail s’articule d’abord autour d’un corpus composé de trois spectacles : Kamp du collectif Hotel Modern, Rwanda 94 du Groupov et Rouge décanté signé par Guy Cassiers. En observant les oeuvres à la lumière de la complexité et en les abordant à l’aide d’une approche systémique,l’étude tente de révéler les mouvements – esthétiques, perceptifs et thématiques – qui animent ces écritures hétérogènes. La seconde partie de la thèse rend compte d’un processus d’expérimentation mené dans l’espace scénique. Ce dernier, consacré à esquisser une création artistique originale, questionne les mémoires occidentales du génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda.L’expérience pratique fait écho à plusieurs des problématiques soulevées par l’investigation critique et propose une autre forme de réflexion, menée directement sur le plateauThis doctoral thesis in performing arts looks into scenic writings of human disasters incontemporary theatre. It examines dynamics underlying the representation of barbarism withinspectacular forms imprinted with a visual dimension. Split into two parts – a first one, critical anda second one, practical -, the work is firstly structured around a corpus composed of three shows :Kamp of the Hotel Modern group, Rwanda 94 of Groupov and Rouge décanté by Guy Cassiers.Through the observation of the works in the light of the complexity and by analysing it with asystemic approach, the study attempts to reveal the moves – aesthetic, perceptive and thematic –that drive these heterogeneous writings. The second part of the thesis deals with a process ofexperimentation led in the scenic space. The latter, dedicated to outline an original artisticcreation, questions occidental memories on the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda. The practicalexperience echoes back to several issues raised by the critical investigation and proposes anotherform of reflection, directly led on the stage
4
Buck, Isaac D. "GENOCIDE: WHO CARES?" Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1146013539.
Testo completo
5
Eltringham, Nigel Paul. "Discourse and genocide : the contest for 'reality' in post-genocide Rwanda". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368688.
Testo completo
6
Ahmed, Nahleen. "Pluralism and Genocide: Case Study of the Genocide in Bangladesh, 1971". W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625401.
Testo completo
7
Lancaster, Philip Charles. "Reason, necessity and genocide". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9233.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work examines core assumptions of the rationalism that underlies liberal political theory by placing it against the background of a dramatic historical phenomenon---genocide. An attempt is made to draw on historical accounts of two genocides to develop a critique of liberal political theory as it has been articulated during the latter years of the 20th Century by John Rawls. Ultimately, this thesis attempts to sort out the conceptual problems arising at the junction point of normative and descriptive theories of politics and argues that the basic elements of both kinds theories would benefit greatly from closer attention to history. The first chapter is devoted to a discussion of the ways in which political reason can be adapted to the needs of state and suggests that there are problems associated with the attempt to universalize the notion of human rights across a community of nations lacking the basic contextual requirements for rights. Chapter two considers the uncomfortable fit between political structure and value in liberal political theory. It argues that the administrative structure of states now exists as an important part of contemporary formal reality and thus ought to be a critical element in any serious study of politics. An argument begins here that works towards the final conclusion that states constitute an arena within which individualist and collectivist values collide. The third chapter examines the relationship between liberal values and rationality. It includes a technical discussion of Max Weber's theory of rationality but limits the discussion to political applications. This chapter raises a series of questions about the concept of rationality used in the construction of political theory. Chapters four, five and six examine the complications that arise when a liberal perspective is taken to issues of ontological existence, community values and the powers inhering in states to shape identity frames in the interests of administrative efficiency. This leads into a more technical discussion of rationality as represented in the theories of John Rawls and Alan Gewirth that is contained in the seventh chapter. Chapters eight and nine are devoted to discussions of elements of the Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide respectively. Both examples are used as a means of illustrating the complex power relations arising out of the various forms of collective agency needed to sustain state sovereignty and which complicate political theory far beyond the explanatory power of liberal rationalism. The examples are used to argue that theories based on notions of disassociated rational persons just fail to support their normative conclusions. The final chapter argues for a re-examination of the way in which political theory is read and suggests that liberal theory, in particular, tends towards abstraction in ways that limit its usefulness as either explanatory or normative theory.
8
Pinnetti, Carlo Gerardo. "The architecture of genocide". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29323.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The central purpose of this thesis is to reinterpret the crime of genocide. To accomplish this task, I explore genocide by external and immanent critique. An external critique means comparing genocide as a policy to other kinds of contrasting practices which rest upon different standards of value than those which substantiate genocide. An immanent critique entails turning the language, intentions and consequences of genocide in on itself by evaluating this policy internal to the governmental authority’s own standards of value. To establish a basis for this critique, I first explore the history of genocide in international law and politics, and critically evaluate its current conceptual meanings within genocide studies. I argue for a reading of genocide that is consistent with the work of Rafael Lemkin, while exploring the limits of other approaches. Secondly, I address the theories of genocide and argue for a conceptual distinction between war and genocide. I then establish a central proposition of the thesis: that genocide is a deeply paradoxical policy in two essential respects, one concerning victimology, whilst the other in reference to perpetrator intention. I explore these two paradoxes through a cooperative examination of Rwanda and Stalinist Russia. To account for these paradoxes, I then turn to an examination of the form of government empirically most associated with genocide: totalitarianism. Through an examination of Arendt’s theory of politics and totalitarianism I show how genocide is fundamentally opposed to authentic politics because of how this policy diverges from positive law. Through this analysis of genocide and law, I argue for a new understanding of genocide in topographical terms, which specifically entails that genocide is a policy that collapses political and social space. I explore how a policy of genocide constrains the purposes of subjective action in perverse and puzzling ways.
9
Lancaster, Phil. "Reason, necessity and genocide". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ57050.pdf.
Testo completo
10
Ahmad, Mohammed. "From blueprint to genocide". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14928.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Through an analysis of the Iraq’s engineered genocides against Kurds during the years of Saddam Hussein’s regime, this work aimed to reveal the weakness of the current political and social situation in Iraq. The purpose was to offer an overview of the dangers posed by the current difficult coexistence between the Federal Government in Baghdad and the Kurdish Regional Government in Erbil. The birth of a new political system after the fall of Saddam's regime meant that every institutional power had to be built from scratch in a political and social reality new to most Iraqis. This process of renovation, already witnessed in Europe after World War II, in particular in Italy and Germany, implied the writing of a new constitution and of a new set of legal frames with the purpose to give the country a strong and reliable democratic base. In the case of Iraqi Kurds, who suffered discrimination, death and, ultimately genocide, it is important to revisit their recent past in order to feel they are an integral part of the new country born after the last Gulf War in 2003. Despite the international interest in the Kurdish case, Kurdish people did not have the opportunity to see the ones responsible of the crimes committed against them brought to international justice, as happened in the past in the case of Rwanda and Bosnia. The execution of Saddam Hussein in 2006 meant that the charges against him and his commanders related to the Kurdish case were not discussed in court preventing Kurdish people not only from obtaining the justice they were entitled to but, most importantly, from gaining access to the truth about the massacres and human rights abuses carried out by Saddam's regime between 1963 and 2003. Through an analysis of the Iraq’s engineered genocides against Kurds during the years of Saddam Hussein’s regime, this work aimed to reveal the weakness of the current political and social situation in Iraq. The purpose was to offer an overview of the dangers posed by the current difficult coexistence between the Federal Government in Baghdad and the Kurdish Regional Government in Erbil. The birth of a new political system after the fall of Saddam's regime meant that every institutional power had to be built from scratch in a political and social reality new to most Iraqis. This process of renovation, already witnessed in Europe after World War II, in particular in Italy and Germany, implied the writing of a new constitution and of a new set of legal frames with the purpose to give the country a strong and reliable democratic base. In the case of Iraqi Kurds, who suffered discrimination, death and, ultimately genocide, it is important to revisit their recent past in order to feel they are an integral part of the new country born after the last Gulf War in 2003. Despite the international interest in the Kurdish case, Kurdish people did not have the opportunity to see the ones responsible of the crimes committed against them brought to international justice, as happened in the past in the case of Rwanda and Bosnia. The execution of Saddam Hussein in 2006 meant that the charges against him and his commanders related to the Kurdish case were not discussed in court preventing Kurdish people not only from obtaining the justice they were entitled to but, most importantly, from gaining access to the truth about the massacres and human rights abuses carried out by Saddam's regime between 1963 and 2003.
11
Duncan, Felicity Jane. "Framing African genocide location, time and gender in the coverage of genocide in Rwanda and Sudan /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 25, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
12
Asquith, Linda Mary. "Life after genocide : a Bourdieuian analysis of the post migratory experience of genocide survivors". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/24704/.
Testo completo
13
Störig, Henrietta. "The Uyghurs of China: A Genocide in the Making - Tracking the Stages of Genocide". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22678.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent reports on the forced sterilization of Uyghur women in the People’s Republic of China prompted experts to recognize the on-going situation as genocide. The aim of this thesis is to examine the different events that constitute the current genocide of the Uyghur nation in China, what led to it, and how it is likely to further develop. Based on Stanton’s 10 Stages of Genocide, a simple historical process research is conducted to analyse the causes and stages of the Uyghur genocide, and to make predictions regarding the ensuing stages and international intervention. By applying the theory of constructivism to the analysis, it becomes evident that genocide is a process that is produced by the social, economic, and political international structure, which renders many prevention measures ineffective. The thesis concludes that only immediate international intervention and prosecution of the perpetrator on the count of genocide conspiracy can prevent the irreversible destruction of the Uyghur nation.
14
Joyce, Peyton Meigs. "(Re)visions of genocide narratives of genocide in Thomas Pynchon's V. and Gravity's Rainbow /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/460587574/viewonline.
Testo completo
15
Fallon, Breann. "The Role of Fetishisation in Genocide: Considering genocide propulsion via a religious studies methodology". Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23698.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fetishisation is considered to be a useless and outdated methodology amongst religious studies scholars. This methodology is weighed down by a lack of clarity, as well as colonial, sexual and racist overtones. In truth, the much more popular notion of Durkheimian Totemism (1912) has left fetishisation in its wake. Scholars such as Roy Ellen (1998) have attempted to resurrect fetishisation as a methodology. Ellen presents the fetish as an that object ceases to be inanimate, transforming into a power conflated with a particular "spirit" (1988, 221), this "spirit" manipulating the individual as well as the community around which it is shaped. Despite this reworking of fetishisation, it still has not been readily drawn upon within the religious studies academy - this is perhaps due to the colonial history surrounding the term. Drawing upon Ellen's attempt to bring fetishisation out of the depths, this thesis shall again attempt to resurrect fetishisation, working through the negative history surrounding the term and applying the methodology to a new area of study. Here, fetishisation shall be considered within the context of religion and violence, fetishisation being used to consider the power of the machete in the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda. This project utilises primary material sourced from journalistic perpetrator interviews in order to assess if a fetishisation of the machete did take place, causing it to become a manipulating and influencing force. In comprehending the influence of the fetishised machete within the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda, this case of genocide will not only be more clearly understood but fetishisation may be truly resurrected as a viable methodology for religious studies scholars.
16
Montgomery, Betsy. "Explaining the ineffectiveness of the Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide the leadership of the hegemon /". unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11042007-191946/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. John Duffield, committee chair; Kim Reimann, Charles Hankla, committee members. Electronic text (45 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 6, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-45).
17
Basuayi, Clement Bula. "Fertility in Rwanda: Impact of genocide, an ananlysis of fertility before, during and after 1994 genocide". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3790_1248421768.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The 20th century has witnessed several wars and genocides worldwide. Notable examples include the Armenian and Jews genocides which took place during World War I and World War II respectively. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 is a more recent example. These wars and genocides have impacted on the socio-economic and demographic transition with resounding crisis. The present study focused on the Rwandan genocide which affected households and families by reducing the fertility rate. Hence the fertility transition in Rwanda was analyzed for the period before, during and after genocide.
18
Ghebrai, Ruth, e Biya Tesfaye. "Genocide : The complexity of genocidal intent". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23523.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Article II of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide stipulates the definition of the crime. A key element of genocide is the criterion of “intent”; this requisite must be met in order to determine criminal liability. Even though “intent” is a paramount element of the crime neither definition nor guidance regarding its interpretation is provided for under Article II, this void of interpretation is absolute throughout the Genocide Convention. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to examine this void in the provision. In order to fulfill the purpose of this thesis the following research questions have been regarded: How is the requisite intent defined in relevant preparatory work of Genocide Convention? How is the requisite intent interpreted in relevant case law and judicial doctrines and are these interpretations in line with the preparatory work of the Genocide Convention? Is the definition and interpretation of the requisite intent in the abovementioned legal sources consistent with the object and purpose of the Genocide Convention? We found that in the preparatory work of the Genocide Convention, the requisite intent has not been labeled. However, the Drafters definition of intent is in accordance with international criminal law’s definition of specific intent. Also, the case law and judicial doctrines that we have examined all fall within either the purpose-based or the knowledge-based approach. Both approaches acknowledge that a perpetrator needs to possess an inner aim or desire to meet the level of intent required for the Crime. Notwithstanding, the knowledge-based approach holds that “policy or plan” is part of the Crime whereas the purpose-based approach rejects it and consequently the application of genocidal intent is distinctively different. With regard to preparatory work, the purpose-based approach is in line with the definition of the Drafters whereas the knowledge-based approach is not in its literal meaning. However, the Drafters did not explicitly reject the knowledge-based approach in the preparatory work of the Genocide Convention. We have concluded that the purpose-based approach is not consistent with the object and purpose of the Genocide Convention. We hold that the knowledge-based approach is in line with the object and purpose of the Genocide Convention, and hence this approach upholds the goal of preventing and punishing genocide. Moreover, the method for this thesis is in accordance with the method in international law for interpretations of international treaties; the Vienna Convention on the law of Treaties. Hence, the selection, systemization and interpretation of legal sources are in line with the Vienna Convention.
19
Rogall, Thorsten. "The Economics of Genocide and War". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutet för internationell ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116793.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Preparing for Genocide: Community Work in Rwanda How do political elites prepare the civilian population for participation in violent conflict? We empirically investigate this question using village-level data from the Rwandan Genocide in 1994. Every Saturday before 1994, Rwandan villagers had to meet to work on community infrastructure, a practice called Umuganda. This practice was highly politicized and, before the genocide, regularly used by the local political elites for spreading propaganda. To establish causality, we exploit cross-sectional variation in meeting intensity induced by exogenous weather fluctuations. We find that a one standard-deviation increase in the number of rainy Saturdays resulted in a 20 percent lower civilian participation rate in genocide violence. Mobilizing the Masses for Genocide Do political elites use armed groups to foster civilian participation in violence or are civilian killers driven by unstoppable ancient hatred? If armed groups matter, are they allocated strategically to maximize civilian participation? How do they mobilize civilians? I empirically investigate these three questions using village-level data from the Rwandan Genocide. To establish causality, I exploit cross-sectional variation in armed groups' transport costs induced by exogenous weather fluctuations: the shortest distance of each village to the main road interacted with rainfall along the dirt tracks between the main road and the village. Guided by a simple model, I come up with the following answers to the three central questions: (1) one additional armed-group member resulted in 7.3 more civilian perpetrators, (2) armed-group leaders responded rationally to exogenous transport costs and dispatched their men strategically to maximize civilian participation and (3) for the majority of villages, armed-group members acted as role models and civilians followed orders, but in villages with high levels of cross-ethnic marriage, civilians had to be forced to join in. Finally, a back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that a military intervention targeting the various armed groups could have stopped the Rwandan Genocide. The Legacy of Political Mass Killings: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide We study how political mass killings affect later economic performance, using data from the Rwandan Genocide. Our results show that households in villages that experienced higher levels of violence have higher living standards six years after the genocide. They enjoy higher levels of consumption, own more assets and agricultural output per capita is higher. These results are consistent with the Malthusian hypothesis that mass killings can raise living standards by reducing the population size and redistributing assets from the deceased to the survivors. However, we also find that the violence affected the age distribution in villages, raised fertility rates among female survivors and reduced cognitive skills of children. Ethnic Income Inequality and Conflict in Africa This paper shows that income inequality between ethnic groups increases the likelihood of ethnic conflict in Africa. To establish causality, we exploit variation in rainfall over each ethnic group’s homeland. One standard-deviation increase in ethnic inequality increases the likelihood of ethnic conflict by about 66 percent. Our results have important policy implications to the extent that global climate change might affect different regions differently and thus increase inequality and conflict.
20
Hudson, Rica. "Love Thy Neighbor: Genocide in Africa". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/764.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
21
Jinks, Rebecca. "Representing genocide : the Holocaust as paradigm?" Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis addresses how far the Holocaust and its representation have influenced the representation of other genocides, focusing specifically on the Armenian, Cambodian, Bosnian, and Rwandan cases. At the same time, it also considers how western publics might interpret and respond to these representations, and with what effect. Using literature, film, photography, and memorialisation, the thesis argues that we can only understand the Holocaust's status as a 'benchmark' for other genocides if we look at the deeper, structural resonances which subtly shape many representations of genocide - thereby countering much of the existing literature, whose focus is on explicit references to the Holocaust and the surrounding identity politics. The thesis is divided into five sections, which explore: how genocides are recognised as such by western publics; the representation of the origins and perpetrators of genocide; how western witnesses represent genocide; representations of the aftermath of genocide; and western responses to genocide. Throughout, it distinguishes between 'mainstream' and other, more nuanced and engaged, representations of genocide. It argues that these mainstream representations - the majority - largely replicate the representational framework of the Holocaust, including the way in which mainstream Holocaust representations resist recognising the rationality, instrumentality and normality of genocide, preferring instead to present it as an aberrant, exceptional event in human society. By contrast, the more engaged representations - often, but not always, originating from those who experienced genocide - tend to revolve around precisely genocide's ordinariness, and the structures and situations common to human society which contribute to and become involved in the violence.
22
Jeremy, Edward. "'Mastering the genocide narrative' : an analysis of the Rwandan Patriotic Front's official narrative of the Rwandan genocide". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22080.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How should the relevant facts about the Rwandan Government's construction of their narrative ofthe Rwandan genocide be established? A frequent point of emphasis by scholars is that an official narrative usually is put forward by the dominant or ruling group to serve their interests: the contents and features oftheir narrative are capable of legitimating their claims to dominance. Different groups within that society might espouse alternative narratives of events. Neither the narratives of the dominant or ruling group, nor the challenging narratives are necessarily the most widely believed or influential account of a particular set of events. The most widely believed and influential narrative is usually referred to as a "master narrative". But official and challenging narratives compete to be the "master narrative". The 'Shoah' [the Hebrew term for "catastrophe"] as the narrative of the genocide of the ]ews of Europe is widely considered to represent the definitive master narrative of genocide and perhaps the twentieth century [LaCapra 1994 and 1998, Lipstadt 1986 and Maier 2000]. The discussion contained herein requires identification of a framework of issues relevant to official narratives: the construction of such a framework will be based on an analysis of [a] narratives of genocide and [b] three of the more prominent cases of official genocide- narratives. The chosen narratives are the Holocaust or Shoah, the Armenian Genocide and the Herero Genocide. Once constructed, this framework of analysis will then be applied to the official narrative of the RPF. The research design is thus a theoretical case study of sorts, with the theory distilled from scholarly literature on [a] and [b]. The case studies have been chosen because they represent the spectrum of narratives employed in the context of genocide: the Shoah as the master narrative of genocide; the Armenian genocide as a contested genocide narrative; and the Herero genocide as a 'silenced' genocide narrative.
23
Butters, Michelle. "Genocide Prevention through Changing the United Nations Security Council Power of Veto". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2386.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1948 the international community in reaction to the horrors of the holocaust sought to eradicate genocide forever by creating the 'Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide'. This Convention criminalised the preparation and act of genocide by international law, making all individuals accountable irrelevant of status or sovereignty. But the Convention has not been enough to deter the act of genocide from occurring again, and again, and again. Worst, the international community has been slow to react to cases of genocide. The problem with preventing and punishing genocide is hindered by the power and right of veto held by permanent members of the UNSC. The UNSC has been given the responsibility to maintain international peace and security and is the only entity that can mandate an intervention that overrides the principle of non-intervention. The aim of this thesis is to show that the veto has been a crucial factor in stopping the prevention of genocide, thus it is imperative that the veto change. This study argues that to effectively prevent and punish genocide the veto needs to be barred from use in cases of genocide. It looks at different cases since the Armenian genocide during WWI through to the Darfur genocide which is still in process. The case of Armenia is significant because for the first time, members of the international community were prepared to hold leaders of another state accountable for their treatment of their own citizens. However the collective will to bring justice to those accountable waned coming to an abrupt end in 1923. The holocaust followed in WWII; six million Jews died, and numerous other groups were targeted under the Nazi's serial genocide. The shock of the holocaust led to the Genocide Convention. But thirty years later during the Cold War, Cambodia became embroiled in a genocide perpetrated by the Khmer Rouge. The international community silently stood by. The USSR, China, and the US all had their reasons to stay out of Cambodia, from supporting a regime with a likeminded political ideology to war weariness from Vietnam. In the 1990s, genocides in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Kosovo) followed. The former was neglected by the US's unwillingness to be involved in another peacekeeping disaster. The two genocides in the former Yugoslavia were affected by Russia and China's reluctance to use military force even after the clear failure of serial negotiations. Finally, in 2003 Darfur became the latest tragedy of genocide. Again, Russia and China have been timid of calling the conflict genocide thus avoiding any affirmative action to stop it. These cases all show that where one state is unwilling to be involved in stopping genocide, their right and power to the veto stops or delays the international community from preventing and punishing genocide, regardless of whether the veto is used or merely seen as a threat. Therefore, for future prevention of genocide, the veto needs to be changed to prevent its use in times of genocide.
24
Razawa, D. M. "Cinematizing genocide : exploring cinematic form and its relationship to the hidden voices of the Kurdish genocide of 1988". Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/35931/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Throughout the last two decades, the Kurdish genocide of 1988 has become a significant material in a variety of contexts. Kurdish filmmakers have tried to represent the tragedy in various formats. By comparing their work with the unique testimonies of survivors’ that I have collected through many years of work, it is clear that the impact of the genocide has not been dealt with adequately in contemporary Kurdish cinema. The survivors’ voices are still hidden because their feelings, personal lives, and true stories have not been represented in the works of Kurdish filmmakers. This practice-led research study tries to explore this gap through these significant questions: 1. How can the hidden voices of Kurdish victims of the genocide campaign be cinematized in ways that are currently not explored within Kurdish cinema? 2. In what ways can the victims’ oral testimonies be used to develop a cinematic language that can reveal the hidden impact on survivors? By exploring cinematic form and cinematizing the catastrophe’s impact on the survivors of the 1988 Kurdish genocide campaign, this project tries to reveal out hidden perspectives on the entire tragedy. This study aims to find new methods of representing the Kurdish genocide through different experimental film practice exercises, which aim to create opportunities to expand knowledge on the theme of cinematizing the genocide. I also aim to develop a cinematic language that might create new opportunity for Kurdish filmmakers to articulate themselves through the medium, in particular, to formulate a new approach to the concept of transcendental structure. By reflecting on these experimental pieces of work, I will explain how these exercises will shape the final project: two screenplays and visualisation strategies for one scene a short feature film screenplay, in addition to a documentary based on survivors’ testimonies.
25
Zygmont, Bettina. "The Darfur Crisis Genocide in Western Sudan /". St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02606390003/$FILE/02606390003.pdf.
Testo completo
26
Rutaremara, Jill D. "Genocide in Rwanda : towards a theoretical approach /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA377906.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-113). Also available online.
27
Kifer, Stephen R. "Individual responsibility in the context of genocide". Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435222.
Testo completo
28
Sharrad, Katherine Louise. "The Rwandan genocide : a post-colonial paradox /". Title page, abstract and contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars5327.pdf.
Testo completo
29
Ashour, Iyas. "Does the blockade of Gaza constitute genocide?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4810_1380707000.
Testo completo
30
Gallagher, Adrian M. "Genocide and its threat to international society". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12874/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Whilst the impact of genocide on the populations being targeted is routinely studied, the impact of genocide on international society is routinely overlooked. With this in mind, this thesis brings the study of genocide into IR, via the English School, in order to understand the broader impact of genocide on the ordering structure of international society. The thesis puts forward a novel approach in that it explores the relationship between genocide and international legitimacy and how this relationship has critical implications for the United Nations. It will be argued that genocide holds a special relationship with international legitimacy because it is internationally regarded as the "crime of crimes" from both a legal and moral perspective. It is proposed therefore, that this particular injustice has more of a profound impact on the ordering structure of international society than is presently recognised. In sharp contrast to much of the thinking that underpins present foreign policymaking, it will be claimed that because of the special relationship that genocide holds with international legitimacy, genocide can be understood to pose a threat to international order as it erodes both the legitimate authority of the UN (which acts as the cornerstone of international legitimacy) and the UN Security Council (which acts as the stabilising function in international relations) more than any other crime. It is hoped that through understanding the crime's relationship with international legitimacy, and the post-Cold War legitimacy crisis, a more informed understanding of genocide can be acheived. Although the 2005 UN-led Responsibility to Protect initiative addressed some of the issues at hand, its endorsement has not resolved the fundamental problem of altering political will. If one accepts that genocide has a significant impact on international order, then one has to accept that the prevention of genocide is within the national interest of all states, that is, if they value international stability.
31
Koursami, Nasour Ibrahim-Neguy. "'Contextual elements' of the crime of genocide". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to the literal interpretation, the crime of genocide is characterized by an individualistic intent to destroy a group, unlike other international crimes where contextual elements such as the need for plan or policy, or pattern of similar acts, or collective campaign and magnitude are explicitly required as constitutive elements. This thesis, therefore, examines whether ‘contextual elements’ are constitutive elements of the crime of genocide. In particular, it will examine the evolution and the current state of the definition of genocide, to determine the extent to which an individual génocidaire is required to act within a particular genocidal context. This thesis will examine and trace the historical development of the crime of genocide from its inception as an academic concept to the attainment of an autonomous legal character as a crime. It is argued that, during this period, the concept of genocide was akin to the current definition of crime as used in the social sciences. Hence, contextual elements were tacitly perceived and considered as a constitutive part of the concept; therefore, any reference to this period is of little help in the determination of the current status of the contextual element. In addition, it is found that upon codification of the notion of genocide, deliberate efforts were made to depart from the old concept by putting the subjective side of the crime at the centre. Thus, the thesis finds, on the basis of prevailing case law, that today’s dilemma over the crime of genocide originates from the difficulty to separate the concept from its past. This has led, in turn, to the existence of a vague and unsound legal stance on the contextual elements of genocide when the definition is applied to specific cases; therefore, the legal examination of the definition has produced an inconsistent approach bordering on illegitimate law making, especially in the cases of the ad hoc tribunals, by failing to balance the interpretation requirements on the one hand and the requirements of legality and consistency on the other. The thesis also establishes that the protracted debate for inclusion of the contextual elements as legal ingredients of the crime is sustained by this inconsistency. The thesis further evaluates the contextual elements in the light of the new regime of the Rome Statute and its ‘Element of Crimes’ which explicitly require the accused to act in a ‘context of manifested pattern of similar conduct’, but analysis of this requirement reveals that this is only a jurisdictional element to limit the case flow to the International Criminal Court. This research critiques the ‘contextual elements’ and the need for them and concludes with a new case for the assessment of this context as, first, a jurisdictional element and second, necessary on two other occasions: when alleging the existence of the crime of genocide in general and in cases of liability for participation and inchoate offences.
32
Aamaas, Åsmund. "Mass murder and motivation : the Rwandan genocide". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3564.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-134).This project is about mass murderers and the motivation for becoming perpetrators of mass murder. The Rwandan genocide is chosen as a case study. The project strives to explain what seems inexplicable; why tens of thousands of Rwandan men and women turned into killers during the hundred days of genocide in 1994, most of them with no history of murderous behaviour. This project is a testimony to the human capacity for evil. The motivations behind the Rwandan perpetrators were probably not umque. Similar motivations were important to different mass murders. Other mass murders, most importantly the Holocaust, serve as a theoretical and empirical backdrop throughout this thesis. This adds a comparative dimension to the study. This thesis is divided into six chapters with the main focus upon three motivational factors behind the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide: history, ideology and ordinary human traits. The first chapter introduces us to the topic of mass murder and discusses methodological issues in connection with the thesis. A qualitative analysis will be dominant in investigating the data; the data was gathered through interviews undertaken in Rwanda, South Africa and Norway, reports, documentaries, court verdicts and other secondary sources. In the second chapter, perpetrators behind one massacre, the killing of several thousand Tutsis at the Catholic Church in Nyarubuye, speak about their motivations for becoming perpetrators. The third chapter gives an introduction to the history of Rwanda and shows how distinction between Hutus and Tutsis became an ever more important part of Rwandan society from pre colonial times until the 1994 genocide. The fourth chapter builds an understanding of the importance of ideology for the perpetrators involved in the mass murder. The fifth chapter shows that general psychological traits were important for turning tens of thousands of Hutus into mass murderers. As we shall see in the conclusion, a history of distinction, Hutu Power ideology and ordinary psychological traits were all factors motivating the perpetrators of the 1994 Rwandan genocide.
33
Bose, Peter Alan. "U.S. foreign policy and genocide in Sudan". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/489039940/viewonline.
Testo completo
34
Steinholtz, Oskar. "Linking Genocide and War : A Conceptual Study". Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-8631.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Genocides and wars tend to covary yet the link between them is disputed. The definition and the extension of the concept genocide is also a subject of debate. Furthermore, it is disputed if historical cases of genocide are best explained as cases of genocide, or as cases of mass killings or as cases of civilian victimization in war. This paper explores how the definitional issues that surrounds the concept of genocide affect the research that investigates the link between genocide and war. The contribution of the paper is both descriptive and prescriptive. Previous definitions of war, genocide and the link between them is mapped through a systematic review of the most prominent theoretical works in the field. The results of the review is then analyzed with help of the ladder of generality and conceptual mapping. The analysis indicates that total genocide is a relevant concept, when we explore causal links between genocide and war. The conceptual mapping showed that prominent constitutive theories has portrayed war as slaughter and war as conflict. It is concluded that redefinitions of genocide, which highlights war as a form of policing or as an art or a form of self-expression, could contribute to our explanation of how wars enable genocide.
35
Johansson, Thomas. "Cultural Genocide in International Law : An Assessment". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76583.
Testo completo
36
Collins, Kimberly. "The comparative similarities of the psychocultural roots of genocide and war /". Read thesis online, 2007. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/CollinsK2007.pdf.
Testo completo
37
Kehoe, Earl. "The teaching of history in post-genocide Rwanda : a case-study of a post-genocide secondary school history curriculum". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33446/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The focus of this thesis is an investigation of secondary school history in post-genocide Rwanda. The thesis addresses a knowledge gap by examining the 2008 O-level Rwandan history curriculum as a case of a post-genocide secondary school history curriculum. The issues surrounding the construction of the 2008 O-level history curriculum and the wider opportunities and challenges of teaching and learning history in Rwandan schools are addressed. The research is located in the field of literature that investigates school history in different post-genocide and post-conflict countries and the connections between history education, conflict, peace and reconciliation. Research involved two periods of fieldwork in Rwanda of 11 weeks and 16 weeks respectively. During this time curriculum documents were collected and field-notes taken. Also, interviews were conducted with Rwandan policy-makers (3), secondary history teacher-educators (5) and secondary history student-teachers (10). Informal discussions were held with four additional policy-makers. The empirical research was related to the research question: What opportunities and challenges does teaching history face in post-genocide Rwanda - perceptions of what, why and how history is taught to secondary school pupils? A thematic analysis of the data resulted in three key inter-related findings. Firstly, there are competing policy visions and curriculum processes at the heart of the 2008 O-level secondary school history curriculum. Secondly, the memory of the 1994 genocide is central to the 2008 O-level history curriculum construction (policy), mediation (teacher-educators) and implementation (student-teachers). Finally, and related to finding two above, limited learner-centeredness in student-teachers’ classroom practice demonstrates how the legacy of the Rwandan 1994 genocide impacts on the delivery of the 2008 O-level history curriculum. Based on these findings the thesis makes three original contributions to knowledge. The legacy of the genocide in terms of post-genocide fears of future violence and aspirations for unity and reconciliation needs to be at the centre of our understanding of school history curriculum reform in post-genocide Rwanda. Also, over 20 years after the 1994 genocide the on-going emotional legacy of the genocide in the classroom shapes the classroom practice of a new and university trained generation of history teachers. Yet, student-teacher classroom practice also challenges the uniform depiction of teacher-led history teaching by writers, suggesting a more complex history classroom reality. Finally, this is the first empirical study to use the theoretical framework of ‘unity in homogeneity’, ‘unity in diversity’ and ‘diversity’ approaches to frame and investigate the opportunities and challenges the teaching of history faces in post-genocide Rwanda.
38
Ringrose, Michelle. "Gendered narratives of genocide and the ethics of storytelling: An analysis of civil society representations of the Yazidi genocide". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207365/1/Michelle_Ringrose_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the reproduction of gendered insecurities in civil society advocacy surrounding the Yazidi genocide. Guided by feminist ethics, this thesis draws on an analysis of advocacy material and interviews with advocacy practitioners, finding a strong focus on narratives of sexual violence that foregrounds the victimhood of women and girls. This suggests that despite progress made at an institutional level in addressing conflict related sexual violence, this dominant framing has not changed. This thesis argues this narrative has consequences for the wellbeing of survivors and that this focus is sustained through the complex socio-political dynamics of advocacy organisations.
39
McParland, Janet. "The Social Functions of Memory and the International Politics of Recognition: The Case of the Armenian Genocide". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42214.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Turkish denial of the Armenian Genocide is the most persistent case of institutionalized genocide denial in recorded history (Stanton, 2010). Through conducting a multimodal critical discourse analysis based on Foucauldian theories of power and exploring the socio-political dimensions of cultural trauma, memory, and photography, this thesis examines genocide denial in the case of the Armenian Genocide and seeks to understand why the ways in which we choose to remember the past matters. Genocide denial provides a compelling case for identifying how discourses legitimize power, politically, judicially, and globally. By applying a highly theoretical lens, I will consider how history is a highly political project of memory upheld by systems of power, while considering the role of eyewitness narration and documentation. It is in this tension between postmodern conceptualization of the regulatory function of discourse and the existence of historical fact that my thesis situates itself. My research will be informed primarily by Foucauldian (1982, 1995, 2003) theories of power and discourse; the unique role of witness photography in times of atrocity (P. Balakian, 2015; Batchen & Prosser, 2012; Clarke, 1997); and theories of trauma and memory (Alexander, 2004; Halbwachs & Coser, 1992; Herman, 1997; Wertsch & Roediger III, 2008).
40
Kothari, Ammina. "A study of the New York times coverage of the Darfur, Sudan conflict, July 2003-July 2006 /". Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7766.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. "List of journalists interviewed": p. 88. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-109). Also available online.
41
Murray, Elisabeth Hope. "Pathways to genocide : the process of ideological radicalisation". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the process of ideological evolution in the Armenian genocide, the Holocaust and Serbian aggression against Bosniaks during the break-up of Yugoslavia. It notes that, as a key element of power in the twentieth century, the role of ideology in genocidal states has been under-acknowledged, particularly in comparative studies. Making use of Mommsen's theory of cumulative radicalisation, I look at key themes important in nationalist movements: extreme otherness, the nation and homeland. Following a discussion of methods and literature, I propose a new perspective on addressing otherness in genocidal states, identifying the extreme other-group as 'anti-nation' and go on to discuss the role of the anti-nation, nation and homeland in radicalising ideology. In doing so, I show that ideology is both a form of structure and of agency and thus provides unique insight into how institutions participate in radicalising states. Looking at the evolution of ideology allows me to test Mahoney's theory of path dependency by taking an episodic approach to research and applying it to these radicalising states. My conclusion discusses the complexities of the thematic cumulative radicalisation of ideology, ideology as structure and agency and whether or not path dependency is applicable to studying ideology in radicalising states.
42
Zraly, Maggie. "BEARING: RESILIENCE AMONG GENOCIDE-RAPE SURVIVORS IN RWANDA". online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1189191843.
Testo completo
43
Vartabedian, Sarah Balthrop V. William. "Commemoration of an assassin representing the Armenian Genocide /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1338.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Communication." Discipline: Communication Studies; Department/School: Communication Studies.
44
Gelber, Emily O. S. "Fear of Forgetting: How Societies Deal with Genocide". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/382.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis discusses how certain societies (Germany, Israel, and Argentina) that have been involved in two documented cases of genocide in the 20th Century -- one that was the source for and falls within the United Nations Treaty definition of genocide (the Holocaust), and one that does not (the Dirty War in Argentina) --have dealt with these events in their recent past. In dealing with these issues, the thesis employs the analysis of genocide developed by the Argentine scholar, Daniel Feierstein, who has proposed that all genocides progress through a series of steps that first create what he calls a "negative otherness" to the victims of the genocide, that then isolates and debilitates the victim group, and that ultimately leads, as a penultimate (not final) step, to the physical annihilation of the victims of the genocide. Feierstein's most novel and provocative contribution to the study of genocide, however, is his concept that there is an additional and final step -- which he calls the threat of “symbolic realization” -- that will actually take place in society after the killing or physical annihilation has been completed and the historical order of things has been restored. In Feierstein’s view, the purpose of genocide is to use the technologies of power of the state against the victim group in order to permanently change social relations within the state by excluding and then annihilating the victims of the genocide. For this reason, Feierstein argues that, unless the post-genocide society continues to confront the causes and reality of the genocide as a present and ongoing political and social dynamic in the society, so that the memory and cultural and social presence of the victim group is preserved in an immediate way, the genocide will be realized on a symbolic level in the sense that the change of social relations that the perpetrators of the genocide intended will in fact occur. In the analysis that follows of the issues of assigning culpability, providing reparations, and constructing memorials in post-genocide societies, the thesis argues that, whether consciously articulated or not, what drives the bitter controversy and debates over these matters in post-genocide societies is an underlying fear on the part of victims and victim groups that the significance of what they have suffered and why they have suffered will be lost and forgotten (symbolically realized, in Feierstein’s terminology) in the state's efforts at reconciliation precisely through the process of assigning guilt, awarding reparations, and constructing memorials. Going a step beyond where Feierstein leaves off, the thesis suggests, however, that this sort of symbolic realization is, in fact, an inevitable and unavoidable consequence of the process of writing the history of the genocide (or any event) and the detachment, analysis, contextualization, reductiveness, and simplification that history requires.
45
Mitchell, Nielsen Jill. ""Ballast existences" : the disabled, Jews and Nazi genocide". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43811.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the social construction of disability in the Third Reich and the interrelationship between Nazi euthanasia and the Holocaust through a comparative analysis of the historiography and using key theories from the field of disability studies. I argue that constructions of disability form an essential part of the creation of a Nazi philosophy that sought to alter fundamentally and irrevocably the biological and racial makeup of Europe. The bio-racial philosophy of the Third Reich had its origins in the eugenics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and the early development of racial hygiene precepts. Eugenics and racial hygiene were radicalized under Nazi rule to create a philosophy that was hyper-concerned with the blood purity of the German Volk. This ideology was implemented first with a program of euthanasia (Aktion T4). The genocide of the disabled was, in many ways, prototypical to the development of the Final Solution. A comparative analysis shows that there were overlapping phases in the genocide of the disabled and the Holocaust, particularly with respect to the killing of the Jewish mentally ill, the targeting of mentally ill patients in the East, Aktion 14f13 and the construction of the death camps, particularly during Aktion Reinhardt.
46
BAHIA, RENATO SABBAGH. "GENOCIDE AND ITS POLITICAL USE: A CONCEPTUAL HISTORY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30952@1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O presente trabalho propõe uma investigação de algumas das condições de possibilidade quanto ao conceito de Genocídio. Buscando entender alguns dos limites políticos e sociais na utilização do termo Genocídio – no Internacional ou não -, estabelece-se uma análise que tenta conciliar as bases que tornam possível a invenção do conceito em 1944 pelo jurista polonês Raphael Lemkin, bem como sua recepção, abordagem, e disputas quanto ao que o conceito deve(ria) significar entre 1944 e dezembro de 1948, quando a Convenção para a Prevenção e a Repressão do Crime de Genocídio foi aprovada pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas. Mais do que apenas determinar a politização (Politisierung) do Conceito, argumenta-se que um entendimento sobre o que Genocídio é ou deveria ser, seja no recorte temporal proposto, seja nos debates que se seguem no Campo de Estudos sobre Genocídio, requer uma abordagem que reflita as múltiplas temporalidades que cada reinvindicação de significado do Conceito traz em si.
This work seeks to investigate a few of the conditions of possibility for a concept of Genocide. By establishing an analysis that tries to reconcile the basis under which the creation of the concept in 1944, as well as its reception, take and dispute of what the concept must (have) mean(t) between 1944 and December 1948, when the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, this work aims for an understanding of a few of the political and social limits on the employment of the term Genocide. More than just considering the politicisation (Politisierung), it is argued that a certain understanding of what Genocide is or ought to be, be it through the proposed temporal frame or through the debates that follow in the Field of Genocide Studies, requires an approach that reflects on the multiple temporalities that each claim for a certain meaning that is brought within the Concept.
47
Zorbas, Eugenia. "Reconciliation in post-genocide Rwanda : discourse and practice". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2536/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many government (and donor) policies in post-genocide Rwanda have been justified in the name of "reconciliation". Yet, reconciliation is almost never defined - in the Rwandan context, or in the literature. This thesis unpacks this nebulous concept by analysing the discourses and expectations of different constituencies - the RPF government, a group of non-govemment elites, the Top Five donors to the country, and respondents from two rural communities. Despite great variance in personal circumstance, significant areas of consensus are found. For example, establishing degrees of responsibility - and punishment - for the genocide was broadly welcomed. However, one way in which this was implemented, through a government prisoner release programme that amounted to "institutionalised forgiveness", was not widely supported. An in-depth study of the rural communities is also undertaken to unearth what factors had an impact on the reconciliation process. Based on these data, three explanatory factors are posited for patterns of reconciliation and non-reconciliation, or, as per the definition of grassroots respondents, for coexistence and non-coexistence. First, at the individual level, life stories since 1994 mattered more in explaining behaviours and attitudes today than experiences during the genocide. Second, the level, depth, breadth and type of social interactions were equally influential, reinforcing the validity of Sociology's "Contact hypothesis". Third, the RPF's top-down style is associated with a negative impact, suggesting the government's strategy is self-defeating. Indeed, the imposition of "mandatory" reconciliation behaviours contradicted one of the pillars of the RPF reconciliation strategy, i.e. the promotion of independent thinking in order to rout out an alleged Rwandan tradition of obedience. Overall, the thesis debunks several misconceptions about reconciliation and about Rwandan politics and society. For example, ethnic heritage did not have an explanatory or predictive quality; more important were class distinctions or, as respondents put it, distinctions between "high" and "low people".
48
Kamunanwire, Malaika Konjit 1973. "Many bloody hands : responsibility for genocide in Rwanda". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9646.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-134).
The civil war in Rwanda included one of the bloodiest genocides of the twentieth century. This thesis explores the question of who is responsible for a crime that has claimed the lives of close to l million Rwandese and continues to be Rwanda's scourge. The thesis focuses on the most recent 1994 genocide in a historical context. It blames the traditional Tutsi monarchy, European colonialism, Hutu political extremists and both the indifference and inappropriate response of France, the United States and the United Nations for the evolution of the current crisis in Rwanda. The author found all of the accused partially or significantly responsible for the genocide. This thesis is an indictment of the guilty.
by Malaika Konjit Kamunanwire.
S.M.
49
Dewar, Paula Fernandes. "Aboriginal Genocide in Canada and Achieving Transitional Justice". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23693.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The indigenous peoples of Canada have been severely mistreated since the period of European colonization and the founding of the country up to the end of the last century, resulting in serious human rights disparity. Aboriginal leaders, some politicians and members of the public are calling past actions, genocide. Principally a philosophical thesis, this paper deals with the question of the Government of Canada recognizing that their historical treatment of the indigenous peoples of Canada was genocide and whether, in light of the facts that have come to view in the past twenty years, it is the just response from the government; which I contend would result in aiding the nation to heal and move forward. The component parts for understanding this issue – the Aboriginals, history of the Indian Residential School System, genocide and culture, and transitional justice - are viewed through a conceptual analysis of these contexts, with post-colonial discourse narrative. In this way, one can judge based on merit the validity of the argument. I conclude with a philosophical analysis in normative ethics, that transitional justice and equitable rights fulfillment cannot move forward for all Canadians, if the label of genocide is not acknowledged as applicable to the era of the Indian Residential Schools.
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Garcia, Gonzalez Erika A. "The Onset of Genocide/Politicide: Considering External Variables". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439295567.
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