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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Genetic variation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 28 luglio 2024

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1

Ansari, K. I., N. Palacios, C. Araya, T. Langin, D. Egan e F. M. Doohan. "Genetic variation between Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates". Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (31 dicembre 2017): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10496-pps.

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We characterized the genetic diversity of seventy-three C. lindemuthianum isolates collected from 10 different countries by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The results of this research highlighted the fact that there is huge variation in the genetic diversity between isolates from different countries. The molecular profile of the isolates showed correlation with geographic origin of the isolates.

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2

Paaby, Annalise, e Greg Gibson. "Cryptic Genetic Variation in Evolutionary Developmental Genetics". Biology 5, n. 2 (13 giugno 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology5020028.

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3

Bedge, Kiran, e Pratima Salunkhe. "Population Genetics : A Review". International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology 11, n. 2 (20 aprile 2024): 746–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst24112109.

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Genetics is the study of genes and genetic variations alongwith the hereditary characteristics of an organism. Genetics is a central pillar of biology. It overlaps with other areas, such as: Agriculture, Medicine, Biotechnology. Genetics involves studying: Gene structure and function Gene variation and changes How genes affect health, appearance, and personality. Population genetics studies genetic variation within and among populations, based on the Hardy-Weinberg law, which remains constant in large populations with random mating and minimal mutation, selection, and migration.

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4

Ellsworth, Katarzyna A., Irene Moon, Bruce W. Eckloff, Brooke L. Fridley, Gregory D. Jenkins, Anthony Batzler, Joanna M. Biernacka et al. "FKBP5 genetic variation". Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 23, n. 3 (marzo 2013): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fpc.0b013e32835dc133.

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5

Ryan, Stephen G. "Human Genetic Variation". Pharmacogenomics 3, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14622416.3.1.9.

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6

Gibson, Greg, e Laura K. Reed. "Cryptic genetic variation". Current Biology 18, n. 21 (novembre 2008): R989—R990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.011.

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7

Vihinen, Mauno. "Individual Genetic Heterogeneity". Genes 13, n. 9 (10 settembre 2022): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13091626.

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Genetic variation has been widely covered in literature, however, not from the perspective of an individual in any species. Here, a synthesis of genetic concepts and variations relevant for individual genetic constitution is provided. All the different levels of genetic information and variation are covered, ranging from whether an organism is unmixed or hybrid, has variations in genome, chromosomes, and more locally in DNA regions, to epigenetic variants or alterations in selfish genetic elements. Genetic constitution and heterogeneity of microbiota are highly relevant for health and wellbeing of an individual. Mutation rates vary widely for variation types, e.g., due to the sequence context. Genetic information guides numerous aspects in organisms. Types of inheritance, whether Mendelian or non-Mendelian, zygosity, sexual reproduction, and sex determination are covered. Functions of DNA and functional effects of variations are introduced, along with mechanism that reduce and modulate functional effects, including TARAR countermeasures and intraindividual genetic conflict. TARAR countermeasures for tolerance, avoidance, repair, attenuation, and resistance are essential for life, integrity of genetic information, and gene expression. The genetic composition, effects of variations, and their expression are considered also in diseases and personalized medicine. The text synthesizes knowledge and insight on individual genetic heterogeneity and organizes and systematizes the central concepts.

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8

Varvio, Sirkka-Liisa, Ranajit Chakraborty e Masatoshi Nei. "Genetic variation in subdivided populations and conservation genetics". Heredity 57, n. 2 (ottobre 1986): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1986.109.

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9

Korpelainen, Helena, e Noris Salazar Allen. "Genetic variation in three species of epiphytic Octoblepharum (Leucobryaceae)". Nova Hedwigia 68, n. 3-4 (2 giugno 1999): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/68/1999/281.

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10

Biros, Erik, Mirko Karan e Jonathan Golledge. "Genetic Variation and Atherosclerosis". Current Genomics 9, n. 1 (1 marzo 2008): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920208783884856.

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11

Phuong Nhung, Vu, Nguyen Dang Ton, Nong Van Hai e Nguyen Hai Ha. "Genetic variation of pharmacogenes". Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 18, n. 3 (30 settembre 2020): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/18/3/14972.

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Patient specific response against a particular drug could be affected by various factors, in which genetic factors are the most crucial contributor. The genetic variability in pharmacogenes might result in variable drug response of individuals, which in turn can lead to unexpected treatment outcomes or even adverse drug reactions. The pharmacogenes include of genes that encode for several proteins which divided into 3 main functional categories: drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters and receptor-drug targets. Genetic variants of genes coding for drug metabolizing enzymes phase I (CYP450), phase II (GSTs, UGT, TPMT) as well as drug transporters (ABC, SLCO) of numerous populations in global have been extensively studied. Among these, SNPs are the major contributor behind variants of pharmacogenes along with copy number variants. Furthermore, the clinical impact on drug response of common variants belonging to several important pharmacogenes has been well understood. On the other hand, information on the variant spectrum of genes encoding for receptor-drug targets as well as their physiological effects have remained limited. In recent years, along with computational methods, next generation sequencing technologies had been developed tremendously. These high throughput methods had greatly promoted the field of pharmacogenetic research through providing ability to detect novel and rare genetic variants. The data on genetic variants of pharmacogenes would be valuable for determining the responder and non-responder to medication during treatment. These are also significant basis which play a vital role in development of the field of optimizing drug dose for individuals and personalized medicine in the future.

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12

Childs, B. "Genetic variation and nutrition". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1988): 1500–1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/48.6.1500.

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13

Vohl, Marie-Claude, Mostafa Badr e Stefan Wieczorek. "Genetic Variation of PPARs". PPAR Research 2009 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/189091.

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14

Zahn, Laura M. "Genetic background affects variation". Science 366, n. 6464 (24 ottobre 2019): 440.15–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.366.6464.440-o.

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15

Simopoulos, Artemis P. "Genetic variation and nutrition". Food Reviews International 12, n. 2 (maggio 1996): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129609541078.

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16

Simopoulos, Artemis P. "Genetic Variation and Nutrition". Nutrition Reviews 57, n. 5 (27 aprile 2009): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1999.tb01783.x.

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17

Chen, J. "Genetic Variation AmongXylella fastidiosaStrains". Phytopathology 82, n. 9 (1992): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-82-973.

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18

Lee, Gilho. "Genetic Variation inMycoplasma genitalium". Urogenital Tract Infection 12, n. 2 (2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14777/uti.2017.12.2.65.

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19

SIMOPOULOS, ARTEMIS P. "Genetic Variation and Nutrition". Nutrition Today 30, n. 4 (luglio 1995): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-199507000-00005.

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20

SIMOPOULOS, ARTEMIS P. "Genetic Variation and Nutrition". Nutrition Today 30, n. 5 (settembre 1995): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-199509000-00004.

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21

Gibson, Greg, e Ian Dworkin. "Uncovering cryptic genetic variation". Nature Reviews Genetics 5, n. 9 (settembre 2004): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg1426.

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22

ARNAUD, CELIA. "PROBING HUMAN GENETIC VARIATION". Chemical & Engineering News 88, n. 44 (novembre 2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n044.p008a.

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23

Thorne, A., M. Wolpoff e R. Eckhardt. "Genetic variation in Africa". Science 261, n. 5128 (17 settembre 1993): 1507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8372344.

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24

Runyan, T. J. "Genetic Variation and Nutrition". Journal of the American College of Nutrition 11, n. 1 (febbraio 1992): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1992.10738191.

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25

Larkin, Marilynn. "Genetic variation creatively celebrated". Lancet 358, n. 9278 (luglio 2001): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05475-7.

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26

BORMAN, STU. "MAPPING HUMAN GENETIC VARIATION". Chemical & Engineering News 83, n. 8 (21 febbraio 2005): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n008.p013.

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27

Austin, R. B. "Genetic variation in photosynthesis". Journal of Agricultural Science 112, n. 3 (giugno 1989): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600085737.

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28

Owen, J. B. "Genetic variation and nutrition". Clinical Nutrition 10, n. 1 (febbraio 1991): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5614(91)90086-r.

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29

Doi, Kazuyuki, Hideshi Yasui e Atsushi Yoshimura. "Genetic variation in rice". Current Opinion in Plant Biology 11, n. 2 (aprile 2008): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2008.01.008.

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30

Curtsinger, James W., Hidenori H. Fukui, Aziz A. Khazaeli, Andrew Kirscher, Scott D. Pletcher, Daniel E. L. Promislow e Marc Tatar. "Genetic Variation and Aging". Annual Review of Genetics 29, n. 1 (dicembre 1995): 553–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.29.120195.003005.

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31

Stower, Hannah. "Explosive human genetic variation". Nature Reviews Genetics 14, n. 1 (18 dicembre 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg3390.

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32

Barton, Nicholas H., e Peter D. Keightley. "Understanding quantitative genetic variation". Nature Reviews Genetics 3, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg700.

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33

Nevo, Eviatar, e Avigdor Beiles. "Genetic variation in nature". Scholarpedia 6, n. 7 (2011): 8821. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.8821.

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34

Stewart, Jill Campbell, e Steven C. Cramer. "Genetic Variation and Neuroplasticity". Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 41 (luglio 2017): S17—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/npt.0000000000000180.

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35

Son, Joonmo, e John Wilson. "Genetic Variation in Volunteerism". Sociological Quarterly 51, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2010): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2009.01167.x.

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36

Vijg, Jan. "Detecting Individual Genetic Variation". Nature Biotechnology 13, n. 2 (febbraio 1995): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0295-137.

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37

Vigilant, Linda, e Brenda J. Bradley. "Genetic variation in gorillas". American Journal of Primatology 64, n. 2 (2004): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20070.

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38

Vyhnánek, T., J. Bednář, S. Helánová, L. Nedomová e J. Milotová. "Use of Prolamin Polymorphism to Describe Genetic Variation in a Collection of Barley Genetic Resources". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 39, No. 2 (23 novembre 2011): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3720-cjgpb.

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 The polymorphism of prolamin storage proteins was studied in seed samples of 20 historical cultivars of   spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Czech and Slovak origin, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Only two samples were uniform. Most heterogeneity of prolamin patterns was observed in the oldest accessions. By means of a prolamin identity index it was possible to distinguish sister lines from admixtures within the seed samples. The obtained spectra will be used as additional descriptors for the spring barley core collection of the Collection of Genetic Resources of the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd.  

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39

Hill, William G. "Understanding and using quantitative genetic variation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, n. 1537 (12 gennaio 2010): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0203.

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Quantitative genetics, or the genetics of complex traits, is the study of those characters which are not affected by the action of just a few major genes. Its basis is in statistical models and methodology, albeit based on many strong assumptions. While these are formally unrealistic, methods work. Analyses using dense molecular markers are greatly increasing information about the architecture of these traits, but while some genes of large effect are found, even many dozens of genes do not explain all the variation. Hence, new methods of prediction of merit in breeding programmes are again based on essentially numerical methods, but incorporating genomic information. Long-term selection responses are revealed in laboratory selection experiments, and prospects for continued genetic improvement are high. There is extensive genetic variation in natural populations, but better estimates of covariances among multiple traits and their relation to fitness are needed. Methods based on summary statistics and predictions rather than at the individual gene level seem likely to prevail for some time yet.

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40

Gooding, R. H. "Genetic variation in arthropod vectors of disease-causing organisms: obstacles and opportunities." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, n. 3 (luglio 1996): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.3.301.

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An overview of the genetic variation in arthropods that transmit pathogens to vertebrates is presented, emphasizing the genetics of vector-pathogen relationships and the biochemical genetics of vectors. Vector-pathogen interactions are reviewed briefly as a prelude to a discussion of the genetics of susceptibility and refractoriness in vectors. Susceptibility to pathogens is controlled by maternally inherited factors, sex-linked dominant alleles, and dominant and recessive autosomal genes. There is widespread interpopulation (including intercolony) and temporal variation in susceptibility to pathogens. The amount of biochemical genetic variation in vectors is similar to that found in other invertebrates. However, the amount varies widely among species, among populations within species, and temporally within populations. Biochemical genetic studies show that there is considerable genetic structuring of many vectors at the local, regional, and global levels. It is argued that genetic variation in vectors is critical in understanding vector-pathogen interactions and that genetic variation in vectors creates both obstacles to and opportunities for application of genetic techniques to the control of vectors.

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41

Amini, Dara Suci, e Afifatul Achyar. "Analysis of Genetic Variation of MatK Gene Sequences in Ammothamnus lehmannii NCBI Popset 2440747918 Using In Silico RFLP". Tropical Genetics 3, n. 2 (29 novembre 2023): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/tg.v3i2.49.

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Genetic diversity or genetic variation is variation that occurs in an organism due to differences in the sequence of nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine) that form DNA in cells. Variation genetics can be studied in silico using available gene sequences in the NCBI genbank database. This study used the MatK (Maturase-K) gene sequence with the identity number Popset 2440747918 which was downloaded in fasta format from NCBI . Then screening of restriction enzyme candidates was carried out to determine the restriction enzymes prior to in silico RFLP. The restriction enzyme selected from the screening was the restriction enzyme HindIII which has the recognition site A'AGC_T. The results obtained from 79 samples of DNA sequences, 76 samples were cut and 3 samples were not. And found three allele variations with the percentage of the presence of fragments A1 (86.07%), A2 (10.12%) and A3 (3.79%). The percentage values and frequencies of these A1, A2 and A3 alleles indicate a low level of genetic variation.

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42

Mulyasari, Mulyasari, Dinar Tri Soelistyowati, Anang Hari Kristanto e Irin Iriana Kusmini. "KARAKTERISTIK GENETIK ENAM POPULASI IKAN NILEM (Osteochilus hasselti) DI JAWA BARAT". Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 5, n. 2 (25 novembre 2016): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.5.2.2010.175-182.

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Penelitian karakteristik genetik populasi ikan nilem, Osteochilus hasselti di Jawa Barat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data base sebagai langkah awal dalam melaksanakan program pemuliaan guna mempertahankan dan meningkatkan produksi dari ikan nilem di Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi genetik ikan nilem menggunakan metode RAPD dan menelusuri keragaman intra dan inter-populasi ikan nilem, Osteochilus hasselti di sentra budidaya yang terdapat di daerah Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, populasi Sumedang secara genetis memiliki keragaman paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan populasi lainnya serta alel spesifik yang tidak ditemukan pada populasi lain (1.100 bp). Sedangkan Sukabumi memiliki keragaman genetik dan jumlah alel yang paling rendah. Hubungan inter-populasi ikan nilem hijau di Jawa Barat tidak berbeda nyata di mana jarak genetik enam populasi ikan nilem tersebut berkisar antara 0,0153-0,1392.Research on genetic variation was done to conduct breeding program as the effort to maintain and increase the production of nilem carp fish at West Java. The aim of this study was to identify nilem carp genetically and to estimate the variation of the intra and inter population of nilem carp fish from West Java using RAPD methods. The result showed that Sumedang population had the highest genetic variation and had specific allele that cannot be found at other population (1,100 bp). But in contrast Sukabumi population had the lowest genetic variation and allele number. The inter- population relationship among fish from West Java were not significantly different. Genetic distance among population were between 0.0153-0.1392.

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43

Wagner, Günter P. "Evolutionary Genetics: The Nature of Hidden Genetic Variation Unveiled". Current Biology 13, n. 24 (dicembre 2003): R958—R960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.042.

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44

Higasa, Koichiro, Noriko Miyake, Jun Yoshimura, Kohji Okamura, Tetsuya Niihori, Hirotomo Saitsu, Koichiro Doi et al. "Human genetic variation database, a reference database of genetic variations in the Japanese population". Journal of Human Genetics 61, n. 6 (25 febbraio 2016): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2016.12.

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45

CROW, J. F. "Human Genetic Diversity: Genetic Variation and Its Maintenance." Science 236, n. 4807 (12 giugno 1987): 1475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4807.1475-a.

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46

Hutami, Sri, Ika Mariska e Yati Supriati. "Peningkatan Keragaman Genetik Tanaman melalui Keragaman Somaklonal". Jurnal AgroBiogen 2, n. 2 (5 agosto 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v2n2.2006.p81-88.

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<p class="p1">High genetic variability’s are important factors in the development of new crop varieties. <em>In vitro </em>techniques are applicable for development of crop variability that is not found in the gene pool. One of the <em>in vitro </em>techniques that can be used for this purpose is the somaclonal variation technique. Somaclonal variation may be derived from genetic variations in explants and genetic variations in tissue cultures. Variations in the explant may be obtained from cell mutations or polysomic mutations of a certain tissue. Genetic variations in tissue culture may be caused by ploidy of chromosomes (endomitosis fusion), changes of chromosom structures (crossings), as well as changes of genes and cytoplasms. Changes of genetic characters may be improved if anorganic compound was added into the medium. To improve the plant tolerances to biotic or abiotic factors, selection components may also be added to the medium. Research results showed that somaclonal variation in tissue culture can improve genetic variations in plants. The variation produced in tissue culture provide chances to develop new plant genotipes. Many selection components, such as Gamma-ray irradiation, Al contents and low pH, pure toxin or filtrate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and plant growth regulators can be used to improve somaclonal variations in many plants to produce new genotipes.</p>

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47

Sanders, Ian R. "Intraspecific genetic variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its consequences for molecular biology, ecology, and development of inoculum". Canadian Journal of Botany 82, n. 8 (1 agosto 2004): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-094.

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It has been known for some time that different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) taxa confer differences in plant growth. Although genetic variation within AMF species has been given less attention, it could potentially be an ecologically important source of variation. Ongoing studies on variability in AMF genes within Glomus intraradices indicate that at least for some genes, such as the BiP gene, sequence variability can be high, even in coding regions. This suggests that genetic variation within an AMF may not be selectively neutral. This clearly needs to be investigated in more detail for other coding regions of AMF genomes. Similarly, studies on AMF population genetics indicate high genetic variation in AMF populations, and a considerable amount of variation seen in phenotypes in the population can be attributed to genetic differences among the fungi. The existence of high within-species genetic variation could have important consequences for how investigations on AMF gene expression and function are conducted. Furthermore, studies of within-species genetic variability and how it affects variation in plant growth will help to identify at what level of precision ecological studies should be conducted to identify AMF in plant roots in the field. A population genetic approach to studying AMF genetic variability can also be useful for inoculum development. By knowing the amount of genetic variability in an AMF population, the maximum and minimum numbers of spores that will contain a given amount of genetic diversity can be estimated. This could be particularly useful for developing inoculum with high adaptability to different environments.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizas, symbiosis, genomics, genetic diversity, population genetics, evolutionary ecology.

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48

Beunen, Gaston P., Martine AI Thomis e Maarten W. Peeters. "Genetic Variation in Physical Performance". Open Sports Sciences Journal 3, n. 1 (7 marzo 2014): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x010030100077.

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49

White, Matthew M. "Genetic Variation in White Bass". Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129, n. 3 (maggio 2000): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0879:gviwb>2.3.co;2.

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50

Tysoe, Olivia. "Genetic variation predicts glucocorticoid action". Nature Reviews Endocrinology 17, n. 10 (29 luglio 2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00544-8.

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