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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Genetic Translation Study"
1
Pleijel, Richard. "Translation teams as cognitive systems". Developments in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies 8, n. 2 (22 novembre 2021): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00080.ple.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper aims to bring research on different forms of group-level cognition into conversation with Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS), the focal point of the paper being cognitive processes in translation teams. It is argued that an analysis of cognition in translation teams, which exhibit the properties of a cognitive system, needs to be placed on group-level. A case study of a team, translating the Hebrew Bible Book of Psalms into Swedish in the 1980’s, is presented. The empirical base for the case study consists of archival material in the form of draft translations and paratexts. The methodological question is thus raised whether, and if so in what way, cognitive processes may be analyzed retrospectively, and not only from a real time perspective. By treating the archival material as cognitive artifacts which have constituted an integral part of the team’s cognitive process, the question is tentatively answered in a favourable way. This, it is finally argued, opens up interesting possibilities for joining CTS with translator archives research, Genetic Translation Studies (GTS), and cognitive archeology.
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Munandar, Siswoyo Aris, Laelatul Barokah e Elia Malikhaturrahmah. "Analisis Genetik Objektif Afektif atas Alquran dan Terjemahnya dalam Bahasa Jawa Banyumasan". JOURNAL OF QUR'AN AND HADITH STUDIES 9, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/quhas.v9i2.16892.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The focus of the study conducted by the researcher this time is on the translator section, the product, and the public's response to the translation. As for the translator, the writer terms it with the genetic aspect, the researcher's product is the objective aspect, while the response of the research community is termed the affective aspect. So that the problem formulations built by the researcher include (1) How is the method of translating the Qur'an and its translation: Javanese Banyumasan?, (2) What is the quality of the translation of the Al-Qur'an and its translation: Javanese Banyumasan ?, (3) How Banyumas community response with the presence of the Qur’an and its translation: Javanese Banyumasan ?. The results of this study are; First, related to the method, this translation is a type of tafsiriah translation or communicative translation. The Banyumas language, which basically does not recognize upload-upload or karmic system, is feared that it will damage the sacred and trenendental nuances of the Qur’an, therefore the translator uses a compromise decision, namely the Banyumas language which adapts ethics. Second, related to the quality of the translation, this translation falls into the fair category. The trend used in this translation is domestication. Third, regarding the public's response to this translation, many have chosen an "easy" level of readability, meaning that the level of acceptance in the community is also "accepted".
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Aryal, Sameer, Francesco Longo e Eric Klann. "Genetic removal of p70 S6K1 corrects coding sequence length-dependent alterations in mRNA translation in fragile X syndrome mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n. 18 (27 aprile 2021): e2001681118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001681118.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes fragile X syndrome (FXS). FMRP is widely thought to repress protein synthesis, but its translational targets and modes of control remain in dispute. We previously showed that genetic removal of p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) corrects altered protein synthesis as well as synaptic and behavioral phenotypes in FXS mice. In this study, we examined the gene specificity of altered messenger RNA (mRNA) translation in FXS and the mechanism of rescue with genetic reduction of S6K1 by carrying out ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing on cortical lysates from wild-type, FXS, S6K1 knockout, and double knockout mice. We observed reduced ribosome footprint (RF) abundance in the majority of differentially translated genes in the cortices of FXS mice. We used molecular assays to discover evidence that the reduction in RF abundance reflects an increased rate of ribosome translocation, which is captured as a decrease in the number of translating ribosomes at steady state and is normalized by inhibition of S6K1. We also found that genetic removal of S6K1 prevented a positive-to-negative gradation of alterations in translation efficiencies (RF/mRNA) with coding sequence length across mRNAs in FXS mouse cortices. Our findings reveal the identities of dysregulated mRNAs and a molecular mechanism by which reduction of S6K1 prevents altered translation in FXS.
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Oshanova, E. S. "ON THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION “TRANSLATER’S FALSE FRIENDS” ON THE EXAMPLE OF PUBLICISTIC TEXTS". Social’no-ekonomiceskoe upravlenie: teoria i praktika 17, n. 3 (5 ottobre 2021): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2618-9763-2021-2-121-126.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article is devoted to the study of the interlanguage phenomenon “false friends of the translator” problems in the practice of translation studies. It is widely known that translation plays a large and important role in the cultural development of mankind. During the translation, a large number of problems arise which are quite difficult to cope with, therefore, in order to achieve the goal - to give a full and high-quality translation, the translator needs to possess versatile and special knowledge. The relevance of this work is that the concept “false friends of the translator” is considered on the example of English and German languages and the analysis is based on the material of journalistic texts. It should be pointed out that the “false friends of the translator” are the result of the mutual influence of languages but in some cases they appear due to random coincidences. Their meaning and the total number of each of the possible sources in their education becomes different for each individual pair of languages and is determined by the historical and genetic connections of the languages. The results of the translation’s analysis of the “translator's false friends” in newspaper articles show that the translator needs to study carefully the semantic structure, meanings and examples of the use of the “translator's false friends”, analyze the possible translation options of the word presented in the dictionary and also consider carefully the context in which the word is used. The study showed that the main task of analyzing the text in which “false friends” are used is to analyze the methods of individual author's use of language tools and in addition, to explain the language factors used in the text and their meaning.
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Carr, Jennifer F., Hannah J. Lee, Joshua B. Jaspers, Albert E. Dahlberg, Gerwald Jogl e Steven T. Gregory. "Phenotypic Suppression of Streptomycin Resistance by Mutations in Multiple Components of the Translation Apparatus". Journal of Bacteriology 197, n. 18 (6 luglio 2015): 2981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00219-15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTThe bacterial ribosome and its associated translation factors are frequent targets of antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance mutations have been found in a number of these components. Such mutations can potentially interact with one another in unpredictable ways, including the phenotypic suppression of one mutation by another. These phenotypic interactions can provide evidence of long-range functional interactions throughout the ribosome and its functional complexes and potentially give insights into antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In this study, we used genetics and experimental evolution of the thermophilic bacteriumThermus thermophilusto examine the ability of mutations in various components of the protein synthesis apparatus to suppress the streptomycin resistance phenotypes of mutations in ribosomal protein S12, specifically those located distant from the streptomycin binding site. With genetic selections and strain constructions, we identified suppressor mutations in EF-Tu or in ribosomal protein L11. Using experimental evolution, we identified amino acid substitutions in EF-Tu or in ribosomal proteins S4, S5, L14, or L19, some of which were found to also relieve streptomycin resistance. The wide dispersal of these mutations is consistent with long-range functional interactions among components of the translational machinery and indicates that streptomycin resistance can result from the modulation of long-range conformational signals.IMPORTANCEThe thermophilic bacteriumThermus thermophilushas become a model system for high-resolution structural studies of macromolecular complexes, such as the ribosome, while its natural competence for transformation facilitates genetic approaches. Genetic studies ofT. thermophilusribosomes can take advantage of existing high-resolution crystallographic information to allow a structural interpretation of phenotypic interactions among mutations. Using a combination of genetic selections, strain constructions, and experimental evolution, we find that certain mutations in the translation apparatus can suppress the phenotype of certain antibiotic resistance mutations. Suppression of resistance can occur by mutations located distant in the ribosome or in a translation factor. These observations suggest the existence of long-range conformational signals in the translating ribosome, particularly during the decoding of mRNA.
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Shu, Xin Erica, Robert V. Swanda e Shu-Bing Qian. "Nutrient Control of mRNA Translation". Annual Review of Nutrition 40, n. 1 (23 settembre 2020): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-120919-041411.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The emergence of genome-wide analyses to interrogate cellular DNA, RNA, and protein content has revolutionized the study of control networks that mediate cellular homeostasis. mRNA translation represents the last step of genetic flow and primarily defines the proteome. Translational regulation is thus critical for gene expression, in particular under nutrient excess or deficiency. Until recently, it was unclear how the global effects of translational control are orchestrated by nutrient signaling pathways. An emerging concept of translational reprogramming addresses how to maintain the expression of specific proteins during nutrient stress by translation of selective mRNAs. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of translational control principles; nutrient-sensing mechanisms; and their dysregulation in human diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and aging. The mechanistic understanding of translational regulation in response to different nutrient conditions may help identify potential dietary and therapeutic targets to improve human health.
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Alghamdi, Emad A., Jezia Zakraoui e Fares A. Abanmy. "Domain Adaptation for Arabic Machine Translation: Financial Texts as a Case Study". Applied Sciences 14, n. 16 (13 agosto 2024): 7088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14167088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Neural machine translation (NMT) has shown impressive performance when trained on large-scale corpora. However, generic NMT systems have demonstrated poor performance on out-of-domain translation. To mitigate this issue, several domain adaptation methods have recently been proposed which often lead to better translation quality than genetic NMT systems. While there has been some continuous progress in NMT for English and other European languages, domain adaption in Arabic has received little attention in the literature. The current study, therefore, aims to explore the effectiveness of domain-specific adaptation for Arabic MT (AMT), in yet unexplored domain, financial news articles. To this end, we developed a parallel corpus for Arabic-English (AR-EN) translation in the financial domain to benchmark different domain adaptation methods. We then fine-tuned several pre-trained NMT and Large Language models including ChatGPT-3.5 Turbo on our dataset. The results showed that fine-tuning pre-trained NMT models on a few well-aligned in-domain AR-EN segments led to noticeable improvement. The quality of ChatGPT translation was superior to other models based on automatic and human evaluations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on fine-tuning ChatGPT towards financial domain transfer learning. To contribute to research in domain translation, we made our datasets and fine-tuned models available.
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Sharonov, Alexander M., e Elena A. Sharonova. "Bilingualism in the Author’s Translation of the National Epic: on the Material of “Mastorava”". Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 20, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-2-298-311.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1994, the Erzya epic “Mastorava” was published in the Erzya language. The success of this work made us think about the need for its translation into Russian. It was decided to entrust the translation to the author of “Mastorava” - Alexander Markovich Sharonov, who is equally fluent in Erzya and Russian. The relevance of the study is determined by the enduring interest in the phenomenon of bilingualism in the author’s translation of the national epic. A bilingual poet translating his own text is in a more difficult situation than a poet translating interlinear. For the former, hearing the music of both languages, seeks to harmonize it, to make its sounding adequate in the spaces of these languages. He is faced with the task of synchronizing the work of figurative and semantic series, preserving the authenticity of Erzya mythological and folklore images, moving them into the space of Russian images and meanings that instantly begin to appear with the first sounds of the Russian word, and arrange everything so that the national retains its uniqueness. This work is given to a bilingual translator with great effort precisely because he hears and feels both languages, he is aware of the nuances of meanings and semantic nuances. While the interlinear translator exists in the sound and semantic spaces of only one language and does not see the details. The translation of the text of a work of art is complicated by its metaphorical figurativeness, which allows for a variety of perceptions, and hence the difficulty in conveying its meaning, assumed by the author. However, high-quality translation moves a work from one language to another language, from one literature to another literature, expanding, enriching and complicating the scope of its existence. Research methods: descriptive, genetic, comparative.
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Ádám, Balázs, Szabolcs Lovas e Róza Ádány. "Use of Genomic Information in Health Impact Assessment is Yet to Come: A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 24 (15 dicembre 2020): 9417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249417.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Information generated by genetic epidemiology and genomics studies has been accumulating at fast pace, and this knowledge opens new vistas in public health, allowing for the understanding of gene–environment interactions. However, the translation of genome-based knowledge and technologies to the practice of healthcare, and especially of public health, is challenging. Because health impact assessment (HIA) proved to be an effective tool to assist consideration of health issues is sectoral policymaking, this study aimed at exploring its role in the translational process by a systematic literature review on the use of genetic information provided by genetic epidemiology and genomics studies in HIA. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched and the findings systematically reviewed and reported by the PRISMA guidelines. The review found eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, most of them theoretically discussing the use of HIA for introducing genome-based technologies in healthcare practice, and only two articles considered, in short, the possibility for a generic application of genomic information in HIA. The findings indicate that HIA should be more extensively utilized in the translation of genome-based knowledge to public health practice, and the use of genomic information should be facilitated in the HIA process.
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Lee, Joon-Hwa, e Masato Katahira. "Biophysical Study of the Structure, Dynamics, and Function of Nucleic Acids". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n. 10 (23 maggio 2022): 5836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105836.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Genetic Translation Study"
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Wu, Cheng. "Study of translational control using cell-free translation systems and primer extension inhibition assays / Cheng Wu". Full text open access at:, 2008. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,624.
Testo completo
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Shams, Nateri Abdolrahman. "Genetic engineering of the 5'UTR to study the mechanisms of replication and translation in the picornavirus, human parechovirus 1 (echovirus 22)". Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343580.
Testo completo
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Lu, Yang 1972. "High throughput study of the translational effect of human single nucleotide polymorphisms". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: As a part of the Gene Regulators in Disease project (GRID), this study aims to create a novel high throughput method to discover the genetic effect on gene translation, taking advantage of the rationale that efficiently translated mRNAs associate with multiple ribosomes, while less active ones with fewer or none.Methods: Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 44 HapMap European individuals were used for polyribosomal fractionation and establishing the sample bank for the future study. The fractionated mRNA samples of 10 out of the 44 individuals were run on an Illumina GoldenGate Beadarray to detect allelic imbalance (developed by the group of T.J. Hudson and T.M. Pastinen).
Results: This study established a high-quality RNA bank, including 1,100 RNA fraction samples. By the Illumina chip, translational imbalance was detected in 75 out of 1483 (5.06%) assays, and 63 out of269 (23.4%) genes. The translational effect was well replicable by the resequencing method.
Conclusion: This study found that genetic effect on gene translation is a common mechanism of expression regulation. Our best hit found in the integrin beta 1 binding protein 1 gene (ITGB1BP1 ) highlights the role of mRNA 3'UTR secondary structure in gene translation.
Keywords: Gene translation, High throughput genotyping, Human genetics, Polyribosome, RNA, Single nucleotide polymorphism
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Batista-Nascimento, Liliana. "Yeast as a model system to study genetic and post-translational regulation of metabolic pathways in mammals". Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8559.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in BiologyThe work presented in this thesis describes the use of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to study two different stress response processes and its extrapolation to higher eukaryotes.(...)
Financial Support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (No.SFRH/BD/39389/2007).
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Bolici, Martina. "Les écrivains translingues franco-italiens entre deux siècles (XIXe-XXe) : Luigi Gualdo, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti et Alberto Savinio". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALL006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité, nous cherchons à reconstruire une histoire littéraire transnationale franco-italienne en reparcourant les trajectoires errantes de trois écrivains sur la période comprise entre la fin de siècle et les avant-gardes (fin des années 1860 - tout début des années 1950) : Luigi Gualdo (Milan 1844 – Paris 1898), Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (Alexandrie d’Égypte 1876 – Bellagio 1944) et Alberto Savinio (Athènes 1891 – Rome 1952). En raison des pratiques linguistiques et créatives partagées par ces auteurs qui convoquent l’italien et le français tant dans leur activité scripturale que dans leurs entreprises traductives et autotraductives, nous sommes amenés, au demeurant, à les associer à l’horizon plus large du « translinguisme littéraire ». En traçant le profil des trois cas prototypiques au prisme de trois axes majeurs (« mobilité transnationale », « nomadisme intellectuel » et « flânerie linguistique »), une perspective critique commune prend forme : nous parvenons à déterminer d’une part, dans quelle mesure leur errance affecte leur « image de soi » ainsi que leur pratique artistique, d’autre part, de quelle manière le partage d’une pratique translingue commune, ainsi que d’une condition d’hybridation intellectuelle, donnent aussi à voir une diversification des singularités. Dans la tentative d’associer une typologie de « multilinguisme individuel » à une deuxième taxinomie d’écrivains translingues plus large, nous nous penchons également sur l’activité autotraductive des trois auteurs lors de la troisième partie de notre recherche. En posant le cadre théorique de cet horizon disciplinaire, nous abordons une analyse linguistique, littéraire, traductologique et sociolittéraire du corpus choisi. Nous nous appuyons également sur une approche de critique génétique des documents d’archives afin de déterminer d’une part, le parcours herméneutique mis en place par l’auteur lors de la réécriture d’une œuvre dans une autre langue, et d’autre part les stratégies traductives adoptées au moment du transfertWithout claiming to be exhaustive, this thesis aims to reconstruct a transnational Franco-Italian literary history by revisiting the wandering trajectories of three writers in the period between the fin de siècle and the avant-gardes (late 1860s - early 1950s): Luigi Gualdo (Milan 1844 - Paris 1898), Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (Alexandria of Egypt 1876 - Bellagio 1944) and Alberto Savinio (Athens 1891 - Rome 1952). Owing to the linguistic and creative practices shared by these authors, who use Italian and French both in their writing and in their translations and self-translations, we are led to associate them with the broader concept of “Literary Translingualism”. By profiling the three prototypical cases in the light of three major axes (“transnational mobility”, “intellectual nomadism” and “linguistic flânerie”), a common critical perspective emerges. On the one hand, we manage to determine how their wandering affects their “self-image” as well as their artistic practice; on the other hand, we notice in what way the sharing of a common translingual practice, as well as a condition of intellectual hybridization, also reveal a diversification of singularities. In the attempt to link an “individual multilingualism” to a broader taxonomy of translingual writers, we also consider the self-translating activity of the Franco-Italian authors in the third part of our research. By establishing the theoretical framework of this disciplinary horizon, we undertake a linguistic, literary, translational, and socioliterary analysis of the chosen literary corpus. We also use a genetic criticism approach to archive documents to explore the hermeneutic course done by the author when rewriting a work in another language, and the translational strategies adopted at the time of the transfer
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Isaacson, Matthew David. "Using new tools to study the neural mechanisms of sensation : auditory processing in locusts and translational motion vision in flies". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288741.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis describes work from both the University of Cambridge in the lab of Berthold Hedwig and from the HHMI Janelia Research Campus in the lab of Michael Reiser. At the University of Cambridge, my work involved the development and demonstration of a method for electrophoretically delivering dyes and tracers for anatomical and functional imaging into animals that are not amenable to genetic labelling techniques. Using this method in locusts and crickets - model systems of particular interest for their acoustic communication - I successfully delivered polar fluorescent dyes and tracers through the sheath covering the auditory nerve, simultaneously staining both the peripheral sensory structures and the central axonal projections without destroying the nerve's function. I could label neurons which extend far from the tracer delivery site on the nerve as well as local neuron populations through the brain's surface. I used the same method to deliver calcium indicators into central neuropils for in vivo optical imaging of sound-evoked activity, as well as calling song-evoked activity in the brain. The work completed at the Janelia Research Campus began with the development of a modern version of a modular LED display and virtual reality control system to enable research on the visual control of complex behaviors in head-fixed animals. The primary advantages of our newly developed LED-based display over other display technologies are its high-speed operation, brightness uniformity and control, precise synchronization with analog inputs and outputs, and its ability to be configured into a variety of display geometries. Utilizing the system's fast display refresh rates, I conducted the first accurate characterization of the upper limits of the speed sensitivity of Drosophila for apparent motion during flight. I also developed a flexible approach to presenting optic flow scenes for functional imaging of motion-sensitive neurons. Finally, through the on-line analysis of behavioral measures, image rendering, and display streaming with low latency to multi-color (UV/Green) LED panels, I demonstrated the ability to create more naturalistic stimuli and interactive virtual visual landscapes. Lastly, I used this new visual display system to explore a newly discovered cell-type that had been implicated in higher-order motion processing from a large genetic screen of visually-guided behavior deficits. Using genetic silencing and activation methods, and by designing stimuli that modeled the optic flow encountered during different types of self-motion, colleagues in the Reiser lab and I showed that this cell-type - named Lobula Plate Columnar 1 (LPC1) - is required for the stopping behavior of walking flies caused by back-to-front translation motion but is not involved in the rotational optomotor response. Using calcium imaging, I found that LPC1 was selectively excited by back-to-front motion on the eye ipsilateral to the neuron population and inhibited by front-to-back motion on the contralateral eye, demonstrating a simple mechanism for its selectivity to translation over rotation. I also examined an anatomically similar cell type - named Lobula-Lobula Plate Columnar type 1 (LLPC1) - and found that its selectivity results from a similar but opposite calculation for the detection of front-to-back translational motion. The detection of back-to-front motion had previously been hypothesized to be useful for collision avoidance, and this work provides a neural mechanism for how this detection could be accomplished, as well as providing a platform from which to explore the larger network for translation optic flow.
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Orr, Douglas John. "Plant Rubisco biogenesis : a study of the requirements and processing steps during co- and post-translational modification of the large subunit". Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155151.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The production of chemical energy from light energy and C0{u2082} by photosynthesis is essential for life in the biosphere, and thus so is the activity of the often rate limiting CO{u2082}-fixing enzyme Rubisco (D-ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). The importance of this 'gateway' enzyme for carbon entry into the biosphere, and it's apparent inherent flaws in catalysis, have made it a key target for improvement as a key step towards enhancing photosynthesis and agricultural yield potential. For example, the diminished carboxylation efficiency and C0{u2082}/0{u2082} specificity of crop Rubisco are key targets for improvement. As a consequence of its catalytic limitations most crops allocate 20 to 50% of their total soluble protein to Rubisco. Significant attention has been, and continues to be, devoted to improving our understanding of sequence-performance relationships among various natural Rubisco isoforms in the hope of identifying solutions for bioengineering and transplanting more efficient forms into crops. Critical to such goals has been to understand the synthesis and assembly requirements of Rubisco, an area receiving increased interest of late. Of the many important processes involved in protein biogenesis and function are often a myriad of post-translational processing events. For Rubisco in plants both its chloroplast genome (plastome) encoded catalytic large subunit (LSu) and nucleus encoded, cytosolic made small subunits (SSu) undergo a number of N-terminal co- and post-translational modifications (PTMs) both prior to, during and (possibly) following their assembly into hexadecameric holoenzyme complexes (designated L{u2088}S{u2088}) within the chloroplast stroma. Consistent with the highly conserved N-terminal amino acid sequence of plant LSu's, all undergo co-translational excision of Met-1 and Ser-2 to expose a Pro-3 that is N^{u03B1}-acetylated. As well, most plant species undergo trimethylation of a highly conserved Lys-14 residue in the LSu. Despite the known pervasive role on structure and function that N-terminal PTMs have on many proteins, a functional role for the LSu processing events in higher plant Rubiscos and a complete picture of the processing enzymes involved remain unknown. The homologous recombination route for transforming the plastome provides a versatile means for engineering specific changes to its nucleotide sequence. For engineering Rubisco in tobacco chloroplasts a tailor made transforming master-line called ^{cm}trL allows for the efficient transplantation of foreign and mutated tobacco LSu genes (rbcL) for functional study. In this study ^{cm}trL was used to introduce recombinant tobacco rbcL genes incorporating both residue altering and 'silent' nucleotide changes to codons Ser-2, Pro-3 and Lys-14 in the LSu. The amino acid changes to Ser-2 and Pro-3 were found to perturb normal processing of the nascent LSu with all mutations of Pro-3 producing a novel acetyl-Ser-2 LSu N-termini and a Ser-2-Arg substitution preventing excision of Met-1 that was also N-acetylated. These findings provide new insights into the putative series of LSu processing events in plastids and suggest the involvement of other candidate processing enzymes for future consideration and testing, in particular with regard to possibly stimulating recombinant protein expression in plastids. From the ten tobacco variant mutant rbcL transplastomic lines produced in this study it was observed that changes to the highly conserved 5'coding region of rbcL reduced Rubisco synthesis by as much as 2-fold, even in lines coding a synonymous codon change at Ser-2. In general the varying restrictions to Rubisco content in each tobacco line appeared mostly correlated with the positioning and number of the nucleotide mutations introduced into the 5' coding region of the rbcL mRNA and their predicted perturbations to mRNA secondary structure around regions associated with translation initiation. This suggests limitations to the translational processing of the rbcL mRNA may be imposing greater restrictive constraints on selection of nucleotide changes to the 5'rbcL coding sequence, possibly explaining the complete conservation of the MSP N-terminal amino acid sequence in plant LSu's. It was interesting to note that Rubisco biogenesis and catalysis were unaffected by substitutions to Lys-14. Consistent with the high substrate specificity of the large subunit methyltransferase that usually trimethylates the highly conserved Lys-14 in most plant LSu's, the substituted amino acids were non-methylated. The high resource and energy costs associated with methylation reactions intuitively suggests it likely plays a functional role. Among the possibilities discussed is a protective role against Rubisco proteolysis during leaf senescence associated with age or exposure to abiotic stress (e.g. temperature, drought). Future analyses of variations in LSu translation rate and stability in different aged leaves from the mutant Rubisco transplastomic lines (and proposed new ones) pose important starting points to pinpointing the cause(s) for any varied changes in Rubisco biogenesis and resolving functional roles for the LSu co- and post-translational modifications.
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Kästner, Anne. "The influence of common genetic variations in candidate genes on neuropsychiatric phenotypes". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0001-BB0B-B.
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Poggiani, Antonella. "From genetic analysis of rare neurological diseases to the study of a translational model of Parkinson’s disease". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1266423.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During my PhD I had the possibility to work in two different laboratories and be
involved in two different topics.
I spent the first period of the PhD at the department of Medical, Surgical and
Neurological Sciences in Siena. Here, I investigated genetics variants found in patients
with clinical suspicion of leukoencephalopathies and leukodystrophies. In particular, in
the context of molecular diagnosis of CADASIL, CARASIL and Alexander’s disease,
patients DNA was screened for mutations in the genes of interest- NOTCH3, HTRA1
and GFAP respectively.
The second period of my PhD took place at the department of Clinical
Neurosciences in Cambridge, where I worked on characterization of a new mouse
model of Parkinson’s disease. Such animal model aimed to reproduce the aggregation
of the truncated human α-synuclein (1-120) in the intestine and its spreading to the
brain according to Braak’s staging.
The work conducted in Siena was carried out in a diagnostics environment, and
it allowed the identification, in GFAP gene, of a mutation which is really likely to be
pathogenic. In HTRA1 gene, two mutations were detected in compound heterozygosis in
a Caucasian patient affected from CARASIL. The results of this work have been
published in peer reviewed medical journals and are reported in extenso in the thesis.
On the other hand, in Cambridge I had the chance to approach basic research; I
gained new practical skills, becoming confident with immunohistochemistry and
biochemistry methods, other than acquiring knowledge on Parkinson’s disease.
Working in two different fields allowed me to widen my spectrum of knowledge,
hence acquiring a more aware working method, , and to carry on basic and clinical
applied researches, which was my goals as a PhD student
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Kapoor, Suman. "A Study On The Mechanism Of Initiator tRNA Selection On The Ribosomes During Translation Initiation And Rescue Of The Stalled Ribosomes By SsrA In Escherichia Coli". Thesis, 2010. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1913.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The studies reported in this thesis describe the work done in the area of translation initiation where a previously unknown role of multiple copies of initiator tRNA in E. coli has been reported. Also the role of SsrA resume codon in resumption of translation, until not clearly known has been reported here. Chapter -1 discusses the relevant literature in understanding translation and initiator tRNA selection on the ribosome during initiation. It also discusses the literature pertaining to the aspect of release of stalled ribosomal complexes by SsrA. This is followed by the next chapter (chapter- 2) which discusses the materials and methods used throughout the study. Chapter- 3 describes the studies leading to the role of multiple copies of initiator tRNA in E. coli in governing the fidelity of initiator tRNA selection on the P site of the ribosome. This is followed by Chapter-4 which describes the role of the resume codon of the SsrA in governing the efficiency of trans-translation in releasing the stalled ribosomal complexes. The summaries of the chapters 3 and chapter 4 are briefly described below.
i) Role of conserved 3GC base pairs of initiator tRNA in the initiator-elongator tRNA discrimination.
Translation initiation is the first step in the very important and highly conserved biological process of protein biosynthesis. The process involves many steps, a wide array of protein factors at each specialized step and a large ribonucleoprotein particle; the ribosome to decode the information of the mRNA template into biologically active proteins. The process of initiation is still unclear largely due to fewer reports of available structural data. One of the very interesting questions that people have been trying to address is how the initiator tRNA is selected on the P- site of the ribosome and what is the importance of the conserved three GC base pairs in the anticodon stem of the initiator tRNA. Here in this study, I have studied this question by using the classical genetic technique of generating and characterizing the mutant initiator tRNA defective at the step of initiation. I have identified and analyzed the suppressors which are capable of rescuing this defect in initiation. The study involves two such E. coli suppressor strains (named D4 and D27). These suppressors can initiate translation from a reporter CAT mRNA with amber codon, independent of the presence of the three consecutive GC base pairs in the anticodon stem of initiator tRNAs. Mapping of the mutations revealed that the mutants are defective in expression of the tRNA1fMet (metZVW) gene locus which encodes the initiator tRNA. Both the suppressors (D4 and D27) also allow initiation with elongator tRNA species in E. coli. Taken together, the results show that E. coli when deficient in the initiator tRNA concentration can lead to initiation with elongator tRNA species.
ii) The Role of SsrA/tmRNA in ribosome recycling and rescue.
Occasionally during the process of translation, the ribosomes stall on the mRNA before the polypeptide synthesis is complete. This situation is detrimental to the organism because of the sequestration of the tRNAs as ‘peptidyl tRNAs’ and the ribosomes. In E. coli one of the pathways to rescue stalled ribosomes involves disassembly of these stalled complexes to release peptidyl tRNAs which are then recycled by peptidyl tRNA hydrolase (Pth), an essiential enzyme in E. coli. The other pathway which is not essential in E. coli but is conserved in all prokaryotes involves SsrA or tmRNA (transfer messenger RNA). The tmRNA is charged with alanine and recognizes the stalled ribosomal complexes and acts as tRNA to bind the A-site. It also functions as mRNA by adding a undecapeptide (which is actually a tag for degradation by cellular proteases) to the existing polypeptide and there is normal resumption of the translation. In most sequences of SsrA ORF, the first codon of the ORF, called as resume codon, is conserved. I wanted to understand the importance of the conservation of the resume codon. Towards this end I randomly mutated the resume codon and studied the effect of the altered resume codon in the rescue of stalled ribosomal complexes. The effect of over-expression of these mutants was investigated in the rescue of the Pthts defect since it is known that the overexpression of SsrA rescues the temperature sensitive phenotype of the Pthts strain and so causes less accumulation of peptidyl–tRNA in E. coli .The effect for these mutants has also been studied by the growth of hybrid λimmP22 phages. I also used AGA minigene system to study the effect of various mutants which has been shown to sequester tRNAArg (UCU) in the ribosomal P-site, translation of this minigene causes toxicity to E. coli. I have tried to study the effect of the SsrA mutants in rescue of toxicity caused by the minigene. Overall, the observations indicate that the conservation of the resume codon is important in E. coli and having mutated resume codon probably leads to deficient trans-translation during one or the other growth conditions.
Libri sul tema "Genetic Translation Study"
1
Reyburn, William David. A handbook on Genesis. New York: United Bible Societies, 1997.
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1544-1595, Tasso Torquato, Tasso Torquato 1544-1595 e Tasso Torquato 1544-1595, a cura di. The genesis of Tasso's narrative theory: English translations of the early poetics and a comparative study of their significance. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1993.
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H.G. Bronn, Ernst Haeckel, and the origins of German Darwinism: A study in translation and transformation. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2008.
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Alter, Robert. Genesis: Translation and Commentary. W. W. Norton & Company, 1997.
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Alter, Robert. Genesis: Translation and Commentary. W. W. Norton & Company, 1997.
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Wallace, Naomi Ruth. Translation Chart: Genesis 1 Through 6. Lulu Press, Inc., 2006.
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Hamilton, Victor P. The Book of Genesis. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/bci-0092.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Victor P. Hamilton makes a major contribution to the study of Genesis with this volume on the first 17 chapters. His extensive introduction discusses issues such as structure, composition, theology, and canonicity related to Genesis. The commentary derives from Hamilton’s own translation and thoroughly expounds the meaning of these foundational chapters. Further, each section concludes with a discussion of how the New Testament used material from the section discussed. Written from an evangelical perspective, Hamilton’s commentary will be valuable to those seeking an in-depth understanding of Genesis.
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Mathai, Varghese. Mahakavi K. V. Simon. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501388521.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The first English study of poet K. V. Simon (1883-1944), with sample translations, including of his 12,000-line epic Vedaviharam, and a critical biography. Opening with the story of South Indian poet laureate (or mahakavi) K. V. Simon’s heroic life, this book escorts its global reader through the legendary Malabar Coast, transiting into the densely rich Simon verse in translation, and closing with a comparative reading of a rewarding range of texts from Simon and Milton. When Simon's epic Vedaviharam, a verse rendition of The Book of Genesis, appeared in the Malayalam language in 1931, The Guardian hailed the multifaceted Simon as “India’s veritable Milton.” Like Milton, Simon was a polymath, poet, hymnodist, composer, religious reformer and an educator. Like Milton, he was a man of immense learning, writing prose and verse with equal brilliance. As a result of his writings – in which he exhorted the Church of his era to seek scriptural literacy rather than uphold uncritical traditions – Simon was catapulted into public life as a reformer, apologist, and a nationally known prophetic figure. In Mahakavi K. V. Simon: The Milton of the East, translations of Simon’s works cover a range, from purpose-driven topic studies to interpretive Bible commentaries, poems, and hymns. Scholarship has so far placed Simon’s poetical work on par with the bhakti classics of Ezhuthachen, the Father of modern Malayalam, and of Poonthanam, a Hindu metaphysical poet, both household names in India. But in this study, Varghese Mathai shows how Simon distinguishes himself by his contributions to numerous knowledge fields that bridge him to world literature, modern history, colonial studies, religion, apologetics, rhetorical studies, and more.
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Kamesar, Adam. Jerome, Greek Scholarship, and the Hebrew Bible: A Study of the Quaestiones Hebraicae in Genesim. Oxford University Press, 1993.
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Jerome, Greek scholarship, and the Hebrew Bible: A study of the Quaestiones hebraicae in Genesim. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Genetic Translation Study"
1
Warner, Jonathan R., Josep Vilardell, Bernice E. Morrow, Qida D. Ju, Francis J. Eng, Mariana D. Dabeva e Lefa E. Alksne. "Genetic Approaches to the Study of Eukaryotic Ribosomes". In The Translational Apparatus, 109–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2407-6_11.
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Gutiérrez Carou, Javier. "Quando l’amore colpisce l’udito: La malia della voce di Carlo Gozzi fra Agustín Moreto e Thomas Corneille". In Studi e saggi, 453–71. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-150-1.27.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the preface to the edition of La malia della voce, Carlo Gozzi declares that the only source of his text is Lo que puede la aprehensión by Agustín Moreto, refusing any filiation with La charme de la voix by Thomas Corneille, a French adaptation of the same Spanish comedy, a statement that is astonishing if we take into account even the title of the Italian version, a literal translation of that from across the Alps. This essay studies the relationships between the three works in search of coincidences and divergences, textual and structural, which allow us to establish the real genetic relationship between the Italian text and the Spanish and French previous versions.
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Tovares, Alla V. "Chapter 13. “So my job is translating from professional cook to home cook”". In Pragmatics and Translation, 306–25. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.337.13tov.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter explores how three cookbook writers talk about crafting “the verbal ingredients of a well-written recipe” as well as of themselves as translators of cooking actions and expertise. The analysis shows how in their metalinguistic comments the writers articulate pragmatic rules, including the canonical Gricean Maxims of providing enough information without overwhelming the reader and being honest and clear in their instructions. It also shows how in the process of translating expertise, these wordsmiths address the familiar and the prescriptive and in so doing deconstruct ‘the amnesia of the genesis’ (Bourdieu 1977, 1990) and challenge the existing language practices of recipe writing. This study contributes to our understanding of translation as going beyond interlingual transfer of meaning by considering actions and multisensory experiences.
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Hepokoski, James A. "Boito and F.-V. Hugo's "Magnificent Translation": A Study in the Genesis of the Otello Libretto". In Reading Opera, a cura di Arthur Groos e Roger Parker, 34–59. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400859597.34.
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O’Neill, Shane. "Bouche En Feu …’: A Genetic Manuscript Study Of Samuel Beckett’S Self-Translation Of NOT I". In Samuel Beckett and Translation, a cura di José Francisco Fernández e Mar Garre García, 21–38. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483827.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter examines the importance of genetic manuscript studies in relation to Samuel Beckett’s self-translation process. The author considers the reasons for Beckett’s failure and eventual success at translating Not I into French. He also studies the ways in which Beckett recaptured the musical cadences of Not I, while still preserving the text’s negativity and punctured rhythms in Pas moi. Throughout the translation process, according to O’Neill, Beckett refined the text, carefully selecting French words and expressions that matched those from Not I. Keeping the frantic pace of the English original in French was paramount for Beckett, so that if there was an excess of words in the translation of certain expressions, or if the sounds in French produced a different effect from the original, Beckett took pains to search for a better solution. The author highlights Beckett’s preference for ‘Beckettian’ terms in his own translation, so that this particular work resonates with echoes of his whole literary production.
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O’Neill, Shane. "1 ‘. . . bouche en feu . . .’: A Genetic Manuscript Study of Samuel Beckett’s Self-Translation of Not I". In Samuel Beckett and Translation, 19–38. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781474483841-004.
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Tuite, Mick F., Delin Zhu, e Aland Hartley. "Cell-free translation of natural and synthetic mRNAs in yeast lysates". In Molecular Genetics of Yeast, 181–202. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634309.003.0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract All three phases of the translational process—initiation, elongation, and termination—can be faithfully reconstituted in the test tube with defined natural and synthetic mRNA templates. The establishment of such in vitro translation systems has underpinned not only studies into the mechanism of protein synthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but has also provided a key experimental tool for the elucidation of the genetic code. While the fundamental details of how one prepares a cell-free translation system and uses it to translate mRNA templates have not really changed since Pelham and Jackson first described the mRNA-dependent reticulocyte cell-free lysate (1), progress has recently been made in refining these systems for the study of post-translational processing of secretory proteins (2, 3) and for generating quantitative yields of translation products (4). There have also been impressive developments in the area of in vitro transcription of cloned DNA templates (5) to generate both natural and engineered mRNAs for cell-free translation studies. Cell-free systems have been described from a relatively limited number of eukaryotic cells with most researchers still focusing on the rabbit reticulocyte and wheat germ systems primarily due to their commercial availability and reproducibility rather than any innate biological relevance.
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Kitcher, Philip. "1953 and All That A Tale of Two Sciences (1984)". In In Mendel’s Mirror, 3–30. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195151787.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Toward the end of their paper announcing the molecular structure of DNA, James Watson and Francis Crick remark, somewhat laconically, that their proposed structure might illuminate some central questions of genetics. Thirty years have passed since Watson and Crick published their famous discovery. Molecular biology has indeed transformed our understanding of heredity. The recognition of the structure of DNA; the understanding of gene replication, transcription, and translation; the cracking of the genetic code; the study of gene regulation; these and other break throughs have combined to answer many of the questions that baffled classical geneticists. Muller’s hope-expressed in the early days of classical genetics-has been amply fulfilled.
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Howard Pringle, James. "Non-isotopic detection of RNA in situ". In Non-isotopic Methods in Molecular Biology, 85–110. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634552.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The synthesis of RNA plays a crucial role in the molecular biology of the cell and is, therefore, an important process to study. Although RNA can provide a source of genetic information in the genome of RNA viruses, its main role in the cell is to aid the transfer of genetic information from genomic DNA to functional proteins during gene expression. The process is regulated at each step in the pathway from DNA to RNA to protein (1). This includes the control of transcription of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), hnRNA processing to produce mature mRNA via the spliceosomes, mRNA transportation to the cytoplasm, and mRNA translation into proteins. The majority of cellular RNAs including tRNAs, rRNAs, and small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) have catalytic functions in this process (2, 3).
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Sivashanmugam, P., Arun C. e Selvakumar P. "Study of Basic Concepts on the Development of Protein Microarray - Gene Expression Profiling". In Handbook of Research on Computational Intelligence Applications in Bioinformatics, 263–95. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0427-6.ch013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The physical and biological activity of any organisms is mainly depended on the genetic information which stored in DNA. A process at which a gene gives rise to a phenotype is called as gene expression. Analysis of gene expression can be used to interpret the changes that occur at biological level of a stressed cell or tissue. Hybridization technology helps to study the gene expression of multiple cell at a same time. Among them microarray technology is a high- throughput technology to study the gene expression at transcription level (DNA) or translation level (Protein). Analysis the protein only can predict the accurate changes that happens in a tissue, when they are infected by a disease causing organisms. Protein microarray mainly used to identify the interactions and activities of proteins with other molecules, and to determine their function for a system at normal state and stressed state. The scope of this chapter is to outline a detail description on the fabrication, types, data analysis, and application of protein microarray technology towards gene expression profiling.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Genetic Translation Study"
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Kegalj, Jana, e Mirjana Borucinsky. "Genre-based approach to corpus compilation for translation research". In 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.22215k.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Translation research focuses mainly on parallel and comparable corpora, whereby it is constantly faced with issues of representativeness, balance and comparability as its main constraints. This research aims to introduce the concept of genre as a way of observing linguistic features under controlled conditions. The study analyses the application of external and internal criteria with particular focus on the genre criterion in selecting texts for the compilation of a highly-specialized bilingual maritime legal corpus, consisting of source texts in English and their translations into Croatian. The main advantages and constraints of genre as a criterion are discussed. The main benefits of such an approach are found in its application in translator training and practice. In addition, genre-based approaches to corpus analysis may raise awareness of generic features specific to a target language, ultimately improving the quality of translation.
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"A Nonlinear Cable Bracing Inerter System for Vibration Control". In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-20.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. This study proposes a nonlinear cable model for the cable-bracing inerter system (CBIS). In a CBIS, cables are introduced to connect inerter systems and the structure for translation-to-rotation conversion. This CBIS employs an inerter element, a nonlinear cable bracing element and an additional damping element to utilize their synergy benefits. This paper aims to investigate the control effect of the nonlinear CBIS for high-rise buildings that are represented as bending-shear type models. First, a nonlinear inerter system is incorporated into a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and the mechanical model is proposed. An optimum design method is then developed for a high-rise building system equipped with a CBIS and the time-history analyses are conducted to validate the control effect of the CBIS. It is concluded that the employment of a CBIS can substantially improve the structural performance. A genetic algorithm can be used to obtain optimal parameters of a CBIS, thereby more effectively reducing the dynamic response of high-rise buildings.
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Li, Xin, Zhixin Zhao, Dongdong Han e Haisheng Zhao. "Structural Control of the Ultra-Large Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine". In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18391.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Taking the DTU 10 MW braceless semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) as the research object, an ideal tuned mass damper (TMD) installed in platform of the 10 MW semi-submersible FOWT is investigated to dynamically compensate the vibrations and reduce the structural loads. Considering the hydrodynamic and mooring effects, a simplified model of FOWT with four degrees of freedom (DOFs) including platform surge, pitch, tower fore-aft bending and TMD translation is established according to the D’Alembert’s principle. Then, based on the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, the unknown parameters related to the simplified model are estimated. Compared with results from FAST-SC, the simplified dynamic model is validated. Furthermore, the response surface method and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to determine the optimized TMD parameter. Finally, the fully coupled time-domain simulation of the FOWT with active TMD subjected to environmental loadings is conducted by using FAST-SC, and the effect of the TMD on the load reduction of the 10 MW braceless semi-submersible FOWT is analyzed. The study provides a feasible method for the structural control of the ultra-large semi-submersible FOWTs.
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Mattern-Schain, Samuel I., Mary-Anne Nguyen, Tayler M. Schimel, James Manuel, Joshua Maraj, Donald Leo, Eric Freeman, Scott Lenaghan e Stephen A. Sarles. "Totipotent Cellularly-Inspired Materials". In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5745.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This work draws inspiration from totipotent cellular systems to design smart materials whose compositions and properties can be learned or evolved. Totipotency refers to the inherent genetic potential of a single cell to adapt and produce all types of differentiated cells within an organism. To study this principal and apply it synthetically, tissue-like compartmentalized assemblies are constructed via lipid membrane-separated aqueous droplets in a hydrophobic medium through the droplet interface bilayer (DIB) method. Within our droplets, we explore synthetic totipotency via cell-free reactions including actin polymerization and cell free protein synthesis (CFPS). The transcription and translation of our CFPS reactions are controlled by stimuli-responsive riboswitches (RS). Via this scheme, adaptable material properties and functions are achieved in vitro via protein production from cell-free machinery administered through RS governance. Here, we present thermally or chemically-triggered riboswitches for orthogonal production of representative fluorescent protein products, as well functional proteins. To characterize the material properties of target proteins, we study the formation of polymerized actin shells to stabilize organically-encased droplets and span DIBs. We present a modified protocol for chemically-triggered actin polymerization as well as a thermally triggered actin RS. We characterize theophylline (TP)-triggered production of alpha hemolysin (α-HL) through CFPS and synthesized an organic-soluble trigger that can be sensed from the oil phase by a RS in an aqueous bioreactor droplet. We also demonstrate increased droplet conductivity when CFPS α-HL products are incorporated in DIBs. This interdisciplinary work involves cell culture, gene expression, organic synthesis, vesicle formation, protein quantification, tensiometry, droplet aspiration, microplate fluorescence/absorption experiments, fluorescent microscopy, and electrophysiology. This project is an essential design analysis for creating smart, soft materials using synthetic biology and provides motivation for artificial tissues capable of adapting in response to external stimuli.
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Osypchuk, G., Nina Bradu, Irina Gengera, Ion Balan e S. Povetkin. "К вопросу влияния биологически активных веществ (БАВ) на сперматогенез и некоторые биохимические показатели крови". In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.40.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of biologically active substances allows you to activate the functions of all organs and systems of the body. The aim of the research was to study the effect of BAS agents on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of sperm and some biochemical parameters of the blood of boars and rams. During the research, it was found out that the non-hormonal BAS agents used by us can improve spermatogenesis, do not have a negative effect on the body, stimulate metabolic processes. It was found that the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the seed (the number of live sperms and the number of rectilinearly translational sperms) increase more intensively in animals of the experimental groups.
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Киреева, Виктория, Viktoriya Kireeva, Г. Лифшиц, G. Lifshic, Н. Кох, N. Koh, Ю. Усольцев, Yu Usolcev, Константин Апарцин e Konstantin Apartsin. "Advantages of a personalized approach to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the staff of the INC Of the SBRAS". In Topical issues of translational medicine: a collection of articles dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the day The creation of a department for biomedical research and technology of the Irkutsk Scientific Center Siberian Branch of RAS. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_58be81ec9ed47.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose of the study. To test the functional associations of polymorphic variants of genes in the regulation of blood pressure and vascular tone in employees of the ISC SB RAS. Materials and methods. The study involved patients, employees of the ISC SB RAS, being under care of the outpatient clinic of the Hospital of the ISC SB RAS. During routine laboratory testing the patients were taken 2 ml of blood for genetic analysis and further molecular genetic study on “Hypertension”, “Endothelial dysfunction”, “Pharmacogenetics”, “Inflammatory response” panels. Results. In the analysis of 12 genes coding for key proteins of hormonal enzyme blood pressure regulation systems, polymorphism of CYP11B2 showed statistically significant correlation with the presence of arterial hypertension, which makes its further study promising. The presence of allele C showed protective significance in relation to the development of hypertension with OR = 0,247. When checking associations of functional polymorphic variants of genes, the products of which are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, with hypertension in patients younger than 50 years old we found association of T/T rs5443GNB3 genotype with the debut of hypertensive disease under the age of 50. The data obtained allow the doctor to choose the most personalized and effective safe drug from certain groups, as well as its dose for employees having passed molecular genetic testing. These data can reveal predisposition to the most widespread and socially significant diseases in the surveyed subjects and provide specific personalized recommendations for the prevention of these diseases.
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Moradi, Rouzbeh, Seid H. Pourtakdoust e Reza Kamyar. "Optimal Coupled Spacecraft Rendezvous and Docking Using Multi-Objective Optimization". In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24847.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Spacecraft rendezvous and docking are two processes in which a chaser pursues and meets a leader spacecraft in order to perform several mission based tasks. Although in some preliminary design analysis, these two operations may be pursued independently there could be circumstances in which the spacecraft trajectory and attitudes are coupled and interdependent. The present study is based on the presumption that the often independent translational and rotational motions of the spacecraft are coupled as a result of thrust misalignment. So the thrusters not only contribute to the rendezvous translational motion, but also affect the docking reorientation maneuver through their disturbing effects. In this regard, the coupled spacecraft rendezvous and docking (RvD) maneuver is treated as a multi-objective optimization problem. Multi-objective ant colony optimization (ACOR) and Genetic algorithm (GA) as new variants of multi objective metaheuristics that have proven to be successful in handling non convex and multi minima problems are utilized to determine the required pareto front. Three design points are selected such that a wide range of mission based operations are covered and the results are compared. It is shown that, despite the presence of the disturbing effects due to the thruster misalignment, the required control commands are reasonable. For a comparative analysis, two different schemes are also utilized to obtain the closed loop control form for the RvD problem under study and their results are compared.
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Kang, X., S. Rakheja, I. Stiharu e A. K. W. Ahmed. "Tank Shape Optimization for Enhancement of Roll Stability of Partially Filled Tank Vehicles in Steady Turning". In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1213.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A generic tank cross-section is proposed to describe the geometry of road tanks used in transportation of bulk liquids, and to explore optimal tank geometry for enhancement of roll stability limits of partially-filled tank vehicles. Two different constrained optimization functions are formulated to minimize the lateral load shift with prescribed cross-sectional c.g. height, and the liquid load shift and c.g. height simultaneously, subject to constraints imposed on the total capacity, overall width and height, and perimeter. Two optimal tank cross-sections are proposed to achieve minimal overturning moments corresponding to medium and high fill ranges. A static roll plane model of the partially-filled generic tank is developed to study the performance potentials of the optimal tanks in terms of translation of the cargo c.g. within the tanks under various fill volumes and vehicle lateral acceleration, which are then compared with those of the conventional circular and modified-oval cross-sectional tanks. The performance potentials of the proposed optimal tanks are further explored in terms of rollover threshold lateral acceleration limit of a partially-filled articulated tank vehicle combination as a function of the fill volume, using a static roll model of the tank vehicle realized by integration of the steady-state roll plane model of the partially-filled generic tank with that of the vehicle. The results reveal that the magnitude of rollover threshold of the 40–70% filled vehicle with the proposed optimal tank geometry is approximately 10% higher than that with a circular cross-sectional tank, and 13–25% higher than that with a modified-oval tank.
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Unknown, Unknown, Sarapuu Tago e Castera Jeremy. "DEVELOPING STUDENTS' VISUAL LITERACY IN A VIRTUAL MODELING ENVIRONMENT". In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-085.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study addresses how secondary school students’ visual literacy can be improved by virtual modeling activity in a web-based learning environment. Visual literacy can be defined as the ability to interpret visual messages accurately and to create such visualisations (Avgerinou 2011; Heinich et al. 1982; Pettersson 1993). The ways of how students perceive and understand visual images is one of the crucial issues for the field of visual literacy (Avgerinou & Ericson, 1997). Therefore, the present study concentrates on students’ skills of analysing visual information and the ability of translating information between different visual representations. According to the theoretical framework for designing multimedia proposed by Reed (2009), manipulation of objects, rather than just perception of objects, has the crucial role in learning process. This proposition is also supported by empirical studies about the effect of interactivity in computer-based learning (Evans & Gibbons, 2007). Therefore, the design of the learning environment “Cell World” (http://bio.edu.ee/models/en/) implemented in this study emphasizes the role of object manipulation in instruction. The virtual modeling environment “Cell World” enables learners to explore complex microscopic processes that take place in cells, such as molecular genetics, respiration, photosynthesis, etc. Students’ main activity in the environment is to virtually construct biological processes by adding necessary molecules or changing parameters so that the process can continue. Each model consists of two types of learning objects: the objects that are manipulative by students, and the non-manipulative objects that students cannot move, but only observe how these objects take part in animation of the process. The second goal of the study is to clarify the effect of object manipulation on the learning process. The following research questions were set to the study: 1) How does the virtual modeling activity influence students’ visual literacy?; 2) What is the effect of learning object manipulation on students’ visual literacy? METHODS In order to fulfil the aims of the study, an experiment was conducted in which 190 students (aged 17-18) from 11th grades of nine Estonian secondary schools participated. The students applied the learning environment “Cell World” for 2x45 minutes. In the first lesson, students used the model of protein synthesis, and in the second one, the model of genetic code was applied. For assessing students’ visual literacy skills, pre- and post-test were filled out before and after the intervention. The test consisted of picture-based questions that measured students’ understanding of different representations and the ability to translate information between the different visual representations. For comparison of pre- and post test scores, the Paired samples t-test was implemented with SPSS software. MAIN FINDINGS Students’ visual literacy skills were assessed on the basis of three different representations in the pre- and post-tests. The first representation was a screenshot of the model that was applied during the study and indicated students’ understanding of the representational language of the model. According to the post-test results, students could identify better the objects that were manipulative on the models. Understanding of non-manipulative objects, on the other hand, was significantly lower. This result demonstrates that object manipulation had a positive effect on students’ understanding of visual representations as manipulative objects were more effectively integrated into students’ individual mental models. Students’ skills of translating information between different visual representations were analysed on the basis of two representations. One of the representations was familiar to students from textbook that they had previously used for learning the topic of protein synthesis in classroom settings. The other representation, on the other hand, was unfamiliar to students. Students had to compare the different representations and translate the information between them. Comparison of pre- and post-test data with Paired samples t-test indicated that after model application, students got higher scores in translating information between different representations than before the intervention. Again, in translating tasks, students had marked more often the objects that were manipulative and missed the non-manipulative objects. Therefore, this study provides additional evidence that introducing manipulative learning objects in instructional settings can significantly improve learning outcomes.
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Zhang, Meihua, Zhongquan Charlie Zheng, Yangliu Liu e Xiaoyu Jiang. "Numerical Simulation and Neural Network Study Using an Upstream Cylinder for Flow Control of an Airfoil". In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4724.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Flow behaviors of a downstream object can be affected significantly by an upstream object in close proximity. This concept is used for flow control in this study to maximize the lift/drag ratio on a NACA0012 airfoil. A cylinder with cross-flow translational motion is placed upstream of the airfoil. Numerical simulations are carried out with an immersed-boundary method to solve the incompressible, viscous flow at the Reynolds number of 2000. Control parameters that influence the dynamics of flow around the airfoil are systematically investigated, including the oscillating frequency and amplitude of the upstream cylinder, the distances between the cylinder and the airfoil, and the diameter of the cylinder. To obtain sample data properly and efficiently for carrying out the neural network study, the idea of the orthogonal test method is used to set the control parameters in the numerical simulation. The combination of the back-propagation neural network algorithm and the genetic algorithm is applied to find the optimal value of the lift/drag ratio and the corresponding control parameters. The results show that when the cylinder oscillating frequency increases, the ratio increases until negative coefficients occur; when the distance between the cylinder and the airfoil increases or the amplitude of oscillating cylinder increases, the ratio decreases first and then increases; and when the cylinder diameter increases, the ratio increases. Compared to the reference case, the optimized lift/drag ratio increases 178%.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Genetic Translation Study"
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Chamovitz, Daniel, e Xing-Wang Deng. Morphogenesis and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The p27 Subunit of the COP9-Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7580666.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Plants monitor environmental signals and modulate their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The mechanisms by which plants transduce light signals and integrate them with other environmental and developmental signals to regulate plant pattern development are beginning to be unraveled. A large body of knowledge has accumulated regarding the roles of specific photoreceptors in perceiving light signals, and about the downstream developmental responses responding to light (Batschauer, 1999; Chamovitz and Deng, 1996; Deng and Quail, 1999). Still, little is know about the molecular mechanisms connecting the photoreceptors to development, and how these developmental pathways are integrated with additional developmental regulatory pathways to modulate growth. The multi-subunit protein complex COP9 signalosome (previously referred to as the "COP9 complex") has a central role in mediating the light control of plant development, and in general developmental regulation. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in Chamovitz and Deng 1996, 1997). Various genetic studies have indicated that the COP9 signalosome acts at the nexus of upstream signals transduced from the individual photoreceptors, and specific downstream signaling pathways. Thus the COP9 signalosome was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis, and that light acts to abrogate this repression. However, the COP9 signalosome has roles beyond the regulation of photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die following early seedling development, and an essentially identical complex has also been detected in animal systems (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long term objective is to determine the role of the COP9 signalosome in controlling plant development. In this research project we showed that this complex contains at least eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 kD subunit is encoded by the FUS5 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The FUS5 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating FUSS and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). We have also shown that the COP9 signalosome may work together with the translational-regulator eIF3. Our study of the COP9 signalosome is one of the exciting examples of plant science leading the way to discoveries in basic animal science (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Wei and Deng, 1999).