Tesi sul tema "Genetic disorders in children"
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1
Robinson, Sally Jane. "Semantic knowledge representation and access in children with genetic disorders". Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435580.
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Bava, Sunita. "Reduced microstructural white matter integrity in a genetic metabolic disorder a diffusion tensor MRI study /". Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274808.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 8, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-84).
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Glass, Jennifer Elaine. "CURRENT PRACTICES OF PEDIATRICIANS REGARDING SCREENING FOR METABOLIC DISORDERS AMONG INTERNATIONALLY ADOPTED CHILDREN". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1244084138.
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Ichikawa, Shoji. "The molecular genetic analysis of three human neurological disorders". free online free to MU campus, others may purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/preview?3074409.
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Winslow, Hayley R. "Pre- and Post-Test Parent Perceptions of Genetic Testing for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492505122437373.
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Komulainen-Ebrahim, J. (Jonna). "Genetic aetiologies and phenotypic variations of childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222356.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Novel genetic aetiologies for epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders have been discovered by using next-generation sequencing methods. The phenotypic and genotypic variability in these conditions is very wide. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic causes and phenotypes of childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy and epileptic or developmental encephalopathies that occur separately or together with movement disorders, and familial movement disorders. Furthermore, the use of whole-exome sequencing (WES) as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice was evaluated. Altogether, 12 children with undefined aetiology, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. GABRG2 gene was identified as a genetic cause of epileptic encephalopathies. Novel GABRG2-associated phenotypes included progressive neurodegeneration, epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures, and autism spectrum disorder. New pathogenic variants, GABRG2 p.P282T and p.S306F, were discovered. The pathogenic NACC1 variant caused focal epilepsy, developmental disability, bilateral cataracts, and dysautonomia. The novel phenotype associated with the NACC1 p.R298W variant included hyperkinetic movement disorder. SAMD9L was found to be the genetic cause for the familial movement disorder. The phenotype associated with the novel SAMD9L p.I891T variant was very variable. Neuroradiological findings included cerebellar atrophy and periventricular white matter changes. After publication of these results, SAMD9L was reported to be one of the most common genetic aetiologies of childhood bone marrow failure and myelodysplastic syndrome. The pathogenic homozygous MTR variant was found to cause early-onset epileptic encephalopathy that occurred together with movement disorder and haematological disturbances. Drug resistant seizures responded to cofactor and vitamin treatments. Whole-exome sequencing for 10 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy or epileptic or developmental encephalopathy provided a genetic diagnosis for two patients (20%). This study confirmed that, for epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders in which the genetic causes and phenotypes are heterogeneous and sometimes treatable, WES is a useful tool for diagnostics and in the search for novel aetiologies, which might turn out to be more common than expectedTiivistelmä Uusien sekvensointimenetelmien käyttöönotto on mahdollistanut epileptisten enkefalopatioiden ja liikehäiriöiden uusien geneettisten syiden löytymisen. Näissä sairausryhmissä geenien ja ilmiasujen vaihtelevuus on suurta. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli löytää uusia geneettisiä syitä ja ilmiasuja lapsuusiällä alkavissa vaikeahoitoisissa epilepsioissa ja epileptisissä tai kehityksellisissä joko itsenäisesti tai yhdessä liikehäiriön kanssa esiintyvissä enkefalopatioissa sekä perheittäin esiintyvissä liikehäiriöissä. Lisäksi selvitettiin eksomisekvensoinnin käyttökelpoisuutta kliinisessä diagnostiikassa näiden potilasryhmien kohdalla. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteensä 12 sisäänottokriteerit täyttävää lasta, joiden sairauden syy oli jäänyt tuntemattomaksi. GABRG2-geenin mutaatiot aiheuttivat epileptisiä enkefalopatioita, joiden uutena ilmiasuna oli etenevä taudinkuva, johon liittyivät aivojen rappeutuminen, migroiva imeväisiän paikallisalkuinen epilepsia sekä autismikirjon häiriö. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin uusia GABRG2-mutaatioita: p.P282T ja p.S306F. NACC1-geenin mutaatio aiheutti epilepsian, kehitysvammaisuuden, molemminpuolisen kaihin ja autonomisen hermoston toiminnan häiriön. Hyperkineettinen liikehäiriö oli uusi NACC1 p.R298W -mutaatioon liittyvä ilmiasu. SAMD9L-geenin mutaatio aiheutti perheessä esiintyvän liikehäiriön. Neurologinen ja hematologinen ilmiasu olivat hyvin vaihtelevia. Aivojen kuvantamislöydöksiin sisältyi pikkuaivojen rappeutumista ja valkoisen aivoaineen muutoksia aivokammioiden ympärillä. Näiden tutkimustulosten julkaisemisen jälkeen SAMD9L-geenin mutaatioiden on todettu olevan yksi yleisimmistä perinnöllisistä luuytimen vajaatoiminnan ja myelodysplasian syistä. Homotsygoottinen MTR-geenin mutaatio aiheutti varhain alkaneen epileptisen enkefalopatian, liikehäiriön ja hematologisen häiriön. Kofaktori- ja vitamiini hoidot vähensivät epileptisiä kohtauksia, joihin tavanomainen lääkitys ei tehonnut. Geneettiset syyt ja ilmiasut ovat epileptisissä enkefalopatioissa ja liikehäiriöissä hyvin vaihtelevia, ja osaan on olemassa spesifi hoito. Eksomisekvensointi on käyttökelpoinen diagnostiikan ja uusien geneettisten syiden etsimisen apuna. Tässä tutkimuksessa eksomisekvensoinnin avulla kymmenestä potilaasta kahdelle (20%) saatiin varmistettua geneettinen diagnoosi
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Gaonkar, Shraddha. "Challenges in counseling for rare chromosome conditions genetic counselors' perspective /". Waltham, Mass. : Brandeis University, 2009. http://dcoll.brandeis.edu/handle/10192/23239.
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Carlisle, Kathleen Walker. "School Factors Related to the Social and Behavioral Success of Children and Adolescents with Tuberous Sclerosis: Special Education Placement, Services, and Parental Involvement". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000154.
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Kovac, Ilija. "Genetic epidemiology and phenotypic resolution of complex traits : studies in specific language impairment and alcoholism". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36974.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rationale. Definition of complex behavioral disorders is generally phenomenological in nature and guided by pragmatic, rather than genetic, concerns. Consequently, important aspect of genetic analysis is the search for novel phenotypic definitions from the familial/genetic perspective. SLI study 1. SLI denotes an inability to acquire normal language in the absence of peripheral hearing impairment, neurological disorder, and mental retardation. Sibling resemblance for several theoretically derived specific components of the SLI phenotype was examined in families of SLI children. In 38 sib-pairs from 10 French-speaking pedigrees, Verb Tense Morphology sub-tests (Real and Non-real Words) showed nonparametric correlations of 0.39 and 0.35, respectively (p < 0.05, 2-tailed). In a densely affected Anglophone pedigree, 41 sib-pair showed familial resemblance with respect to Derivational Morphology (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). SLI study 2. Family history study in 27 families examined the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity in SLI children and familial risk of speech/language disorders. Higher odds of speech/language disorders were observed in first-degree relatives of 13 SLI children who also had a medical record of attention deficit/hyperactivity (15/27 vs. 4/46, p = 0.001). Alcoholism study 1. Latent class analysis (LCA) including gender and 15 antisocial behaviors (>15yr) was performed in 236 broadly ascertained alcohol-dependent subjects (121 males, 115 females). Evidence for 3 qualitative behavioral classes was obtained: Socially Adjusted Adults, SAA; Antisocial Non-Aggressive Adults, ANAA; and Antisocial Aggressive Adults, AAA. In both, genders, the AAA class had the earliest age of onset for alcohol dependence (p = 0.001), more alcoholic first-degree relatives and more of other psychopathology. In females, the ANAA class was intermediate. In the ANAA males, socially adjusted childhood behavior differentiated the late onset from the intermediate ons
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Holt, Erika Tyne. "Perceptions of Severity of Children's Bleeding Disorders: Impact on Parental Quality of Life and Reproductive Decisions". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1383060340.
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Klaver, Jacqueline Marie. "Psychological and Genetic Contributions to the Development of Social Cognition in Children". OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/957.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined the development of social cognition in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as the influence of behavioral and molecular genetics on these higher-order cognitive abilities. Specifically, it was hypothesized that children with ASD would perform more poorly on all social cognitive tasks compared with typically developing peers. In addition, it was hypothesized that typically developing children who performed better on a simpler social cognitive task at ages 3 or 4 would perform better at follow-up (i.e., one time between the ages of 6-10). Lastly, it was hypothesized that children who had at least one risk allele in both the DRD4 and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms would perform worse than those who had at least one risk allele in either polymorphism, who, in turn, would perform worse than children without any risk alleles. The twin sample included 62 families of multiples (twins, triplets, or quadruplets) who were recruited through the Southern Illinois Twins and Siblings Study (SITSS), and the ASD sample included 25 children who were recruited from the Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders at SIU. Significant group differences were found for children's performance on all of the social cognitive tasks. Furthermore, results showed that some areas of social cognition (theory of mind and the understanding of non-literal language) are more influenced by genetic factors than are other cognitive skills. Lastly, results from the molecular genetic analyses suggest that basic social cognitive skills (e.g., theory of mind) may be influenced by underlying biological factors in the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. The present study provided useful information on how psychological and genetic factors influence the development of social cognitive abilities in children with and without ASD.
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Soliman, Ashraf. "Study of growth and bone mineral density and factors affecting them in children and adolescents with thalassaemia major and sickle cell disease". Thesis, University of South Wales, 1998. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/study-of-growth-and-bone-mineral-density-and-factors-affecting-them-in-children-and-adolescents-with-thalassaemia-major-and-sickle-cell-disease(9cd79851-b7a7-4df7-bb2d-65e71e48d6c4).html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thalassaemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are the most widely distributed blood genetic disorders that occur at a high frequency in some populations including the Mediterranean region, parts of the Middle East, South East Asia and the Indian subcontinent. It is estimated that thalassaemia major affects 100,000 newborn every year world-wide. The high incidence of these chronic haemolytic diseases in developing countries poses a high load on the national economy because of the expensive treatment protocols and the considerably high morbidity rates of these patients. Repeated blood transfusion to keep haemoglobin above an acceptable level requires well-equipped blood banks with expensive facilities to screen, store and manipulate blood and blood products. Iron chelation therapy is an essential part of treatment to avoid or delay the deleterious effects of iron overload on different organs including the liver, heart, pancreas and endocrine glands. This inquires injecting deferoxamine subcutaneously for 12 hours daily with a special pump. Both deferoxamine and pumps are expensive and therefore not accessible for all patients. In developing countries, the majority of transfusion-dependent patients with chronic haemolytic anaemia (thalassaemia and SCD) suffer from the consequences of sub-optimal treatment. The mortality rate is still high and usually patients die before the age of 30 years. They also suffer from chronic multi-organ damage including cardiac failure, liver cirrhosis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, growth and pubertal failure and many skeletal abnormalities and fractures. In developed countries the introduction of high transfusion regimes and efficient chelation therapy improved survival rates and prevented cardiac and hepatic damage. However, a majority of thalassaemic patients still have significant growth and pubertal abnormalities, bone disease and multiple endocrine disorders. In Egypt the incidence of thalassaemia major ranges between 0.1 - 0.2% which gives very high patient load on the medical services. In our University of Alexandria Children's Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. The Haematology clinic has an average of 150 thalassaemic children registered. The same problem is encountered by me in the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, with high prevalence of SCD and thalassaemia and suboptimal treatment. Because of the restricted economic resources, both hospitals adopt a low transfusion therapy (to keep haemoglobin above 9 g/dl) with IM chelation 3 times per week. With this form of sub-optimal treatment we observed that a large number of our thalassaemic children have severe growth and pubertal failure/delay, beside other hepatic, cardiac and skeletal abnormalities. In fact they constitute 40% of patients attending our Endocrinology clinic. This stimulated me to perform an extensive study to survey growth and pubertal development in theses patients (study-1) and investigate the different factors that might affect their growth and pubertal development (studies 4 through 10) a \veU as bone mass density (studies > 1,12). The frequent involvement of the liver in these patients led us to study some hepatic functions and the prevalence of transfusion-associated hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and hepatitis-C virus antibody scropositivity in relation to their linear growth (studies 2,3). We studied the nutritional intake of these patients, their intestinal absorption of D-Xylosc and 48-h stool fat content in relation to their body mass index, subcutaneous 'at thickness and mid-arm circumference (studies 4,5,9). Their defective linear growth urged us to investigate their growth hormone (GH) secretion (spontaneous nocturnal as well as after provocation) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGK-binding protein-3 (IGKBl'3) concentrations. Our findings demonstrated high prevalence of defective GH secretion in these children that necessitated imaging of their hypothalamic pituitary area. Imaging studies revealed original data about structural abnormalities in the anterior pituitary gland, different degrees of pituitary atrophy and empty sella and infiltration the gland as well as the mid-brain by hacniosidrin in thalassaemic children, the mechanism of these findings was explained (studies 4-6,10). Because of their slow growth, the presence of abnormal GH/IGF-I/BP3 axis, and structural abnormalities of the pituitary gland, the next step dealt with the response of IGF-I to exogenous GH and the clinical response of their linear growth to GH therapy for a year or more (studies 4,9). Based on the fact that these patients have high prevalence of bone pains and osteoporosis during late childhood and have high risk of spontaneous fracture thereafter, we measured their bone mass density to investigate the relation between the former and the degree of iron load, growth parameters, and different anabolic hormone concentrations in these patients (studies 11,12).
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Worgan, Lisa Catherine Women & Children's Health UNSW. "The role of nuclear-encoded subunit genes in mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Women and Children's Health, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22307.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency often leads to a devastating neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. In most cases, the underlying genetic defect is unknown. Recessive nuclear gene mutations, rather than mitochondrial DNA mutations, account for the majority of cases. AIM: Our aim was to identify the genetic basis of complex I deficiency in 34 patients with isolated complex I deficiency, by studying six of the 39 nuclear encoded complex I subunit genes (NDUFV1, NDUFS1, NDUFS2, NDUFS4, NDUFS7 and NDUFS8). These genes have been conserved throughout evolution and carry out essential aspects of complex I function. METHODS: RNA was extracted from patient fibroblasts and cDNA made by reverse transcription. Overlapping amplicons that together spanned the entire coding area of each gene were amplified by PCR. The genes were screened for mutations using denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (dHPLC). Patient samples with abnormal dHPLC profiles underwent direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Novel mutations were identified in six of 34 (18%) patients with isolated complex I deficiency. Five patients had two mutations identified and one patient had a single mutation in NDUFS4 identified. All patients with mutations had a progressive encephalopathy and five out of six had Leigh syndrome or Leigh like syndrome. Mutations were found in three nuclear encoded subunit genes, NDUFV1, NDUFS2 and NDUFS4. Three novel NDUFV1 mutations were identified (R386H, K111E and P252R). The R386H mutation was found in two apparently unrelated patients. Four novel NDUFS2 mutations were identified (R221X, M292T, R333Q and IVS9+4A<G). The novel NDUFS4 mutation c.221delC was found in two patients - one in homozygous form and the other heterozygous. Specific genotype and phenotype correlations were not identified. CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear encoded complex I subunit gene mutations are an important contributor to the aetiology of isolated complex I deficiency in childhood. Screening of these genes is an essential part of the investigation of complex I deficiency.
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MARZOCCHI, GIAN MARCO. "Executive Function and Attention Profiles of Children with ADHD and / or Reading Disorder: Developmental Neuropsychology and Genetic Contributions". Doctoral thesis, SISSA - Trieste, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/24294.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The object of this study was to analyze Attention and EF in children with ADHD and/or Reading Disability. Four groups of children aged between 7 and 12 years (38 ADHD-only, 39 RD-only, 17 ADHD+RD and 37 Normal Controls) were tested Energization Processing, Executive Functioning (Inhibition, Set-shifting, Strategy Application and Verbal Fluency) and Episodic Memory. Children with ADHD-only may present a double deficit of Energization and Strategy Application. Energization and Inhibition deficit shown by children with RD-only are putatively derived from their verbal processing impairment. Children with comorbidity (ADHD+RD) generally performed like the RD-only, therefore the phenocopy hypothesis was supported.
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Fung, Hon Chung. "Genetic characterisation of neurodegenerative disorders". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/4930/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Our global population is ageing and an ever increasing number of elderly are affected with neurodegenerative diseases, including the subjects of the studies in this work, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). On strong evidence that several genes may influence the development of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases, the genetic association approach was used in the work of this thesis to identify the multiple variants of small effect that may modulate susceptibility to common, complex neurodegenerative diseases. It has been shown that the common genetic variation of one of these susceptibility genes, MAPT, that of the microtubule associated protein, tau, is an important genetic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. There are two major MAPT haplotypes at 17q21.31 designated as H1 and H2. In order to dissect the relationship between MAPT variants and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the architecture and distribution the major haplotypes of MAPT have been assessed. The distribution of H2 haplotype is almost exclusively in the Caucasian population, with other populations having H2 allele frequencies of essentially zero. A series of association studies of common variation of MAPT in PSP, CBD, AD and PD in different populations were performed in this work with the hypothesis that common molecular pathways are involved in these disorders. Multiple common variants of the H1 haplotypes were identified and one common haplotype, H1c, showed preferential association with PSP and AD. A whole-genome association study of PD was also undertaken in this study in order to detect if common genetic variability exerts a large effect in risk for disease in idiopathic PD. Twenty six candidate loci have been found in this whole-genome association study and they provide the basis for our investigation of disease causing genetic variants in idiopathic PD.
16
Schneider, Katja Susanne Annika. "Electrophysiological biomarkers in genetic movement disorders". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15926/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are diseases of the nervous system with progressive course leading to death. Treatment remains symptomatic. Development of neuroprotective agents has been hampered for various reasons. This includes the inability of making the diagnosis accurately early in the course and the lack of reliable disease progression markers which could be used in future treatment trials. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and pain-free method for assessment of brain function. Methods: Here we evaluated TMS and its potential of serving as a reliable biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases with genetic cause. After clinical delineation of our patient cohorts with Huntington's chorea and young-onset Parkin-related Parkinsonism, we enrolled both patients as well as asymptomatic/presymptomatic gene-carriers. Patients, carriers and age-matched healthy controls were studied using TMS to establish an electrophysiological footprint of these conditions. Results: We found abnormalities in electrophysiological parameters which were present in manifesting patients and/or non-manifesting gene mutation carriers. In HD, both presymptomatic and early manifest patients had increased resting and active motor cortex thresholds. Short afferent inhibition (SAI), a measure of sensory-motor integration, was reduced in manifesting patients only. SAI changes were inversely correlated with clinical parameters like predicted years to onset and UHDRS motor score. Abnormalities in Parkin patients included prolonged central motor conduction time (CMCT), while thresholds and cortical inhibitory activity were normal. Asymptomatic carriers had increased motor thresholds and abnormal inhibitory measures (SICI recruitment) while CMCT was normal. Conclusion: We conclude that TMS may be a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative genetic diseases: 1) to detect changes early in the disease course and to monitor disease progression; 2) to help differentiating between clinically similar diseases on the basis of certain electrophysiological patterns; and 3) to give insight into underlying mechanisms of the disorders studied. Our findings suggest the potential for future research.
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Migdalska, Anna Marta. "Modelling human genetic disorders in mice". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610341.
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Kalantari-Darani, Mehrdad. "Conduct disorders in preschool children". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241820.
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Boggs, Teresa. "Eating Disorders in Young Children". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1507.
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Elangovan, Saravanan. "Auditory Processing Disorders in Children". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1577.
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21
Leiser, Kimberly A. "Assessing the association between the increased resolution of the signaturechip WG and the abnormality detection rate". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/k_leiser_042709.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Master of Health Policy and Administration)--Washington State University, May 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 5, 2009). "Department of Health Policy and Administration." Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-39).
22
Spataro, Nino 1984. "Human genetic disorders: Mendelian and complex diseases". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482220.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
From Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”, many years elapsed before human diseases were considered in an evolutionary framework. Besides theoretical and empirical advances, we are far from the complete understanding of disease aetiology. Highly penetrant disorders with Mendelian inheritance are mostly explained by the mutation-selection balance model, which is insufficient to describe the selective pressures acting on the full set of alleles related to diseases. We show in the first two papers that Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies provide a unique opportunity to investigate variation and contribute to the understanding of the genetic architecture of disease. Besides exploring the role of rare and copy number variants in Parkinson’s disease (PD), we demonstrate the functional relation between Mendelian and idiopathic PD. In the last paper, we report that variation in genes previously related to Mendelian disorders has a more important role in driving complex disease susceptibility than genes associated only to complex diseases.Des de l'Origen de les Espècies de Darwin van passar molts anys abans que les malalties humanes fossin considerades sota un marc evolutiu. Tanmateix, tot i els darrers avenços teòrics i empírics, estem molt lluny de tenir una comprensió completa de l'etiologia de les malalties humanes. Mentre els trastorns altament penetrants amb herència mendeliana poden explicar-se sota un model d’equilibri mutació-selecció, aquest és insuficient per descriure les pressions selectives que actuen sobre tot el conjunt d'al·lels associats a malalties. Mostrem en els dos primers treballs que les noves tecnologies de seqüenciació proporcionen una oportunitat única per investigar la variació i contribuir a la comprensió de l'arquitectura genètica de la malaltia. A més d'explorar el paper de les variants rares i en el nombre de còpies en la malaltia de Parkinson (PD), demostrem la relació funcional entre les formes mendelianes i idiopàtiques d’aquesta malaltia. En el darrer treball, mostrem sota una perspectiva evolutiva i funcional que, en comparació amb la variació genètica en gens associats només a malalties complexes, la variació en gens prèviament relacionats amb trastorns Mendelians sembla tenir un paper clarament més important en la susceptibilitat a la malaltia complexa.
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Valente, Enza Maria. "Movement disorders : a clinical and genetic study". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405854.
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Dubois, Patrick Charles Alexander. "Genetic risk variants in intestinal inflammatory disorders". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/704.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis includes work on the genetics of intestinal inflammatory disorders, concentrating on coeliac disease and Crohn’s disease. It explores how common genetic variants influence risk of complex phenotypes including immunological intolerance to gluten (coeliac disease) and intolerance to therapeutic agents (azathioprine and mercaptopurine) used in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Finally it presents work aiming to move from genetic associations with complex phenotypes to understanding of how these variants modulate immunological processes. Results of a large genome wide association study that identified more than 13 new genetic risk regions influencing susceptibility to coeliac disease are presented. Results of a genome wide association study of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel disease-affected individuals are presented. Finally, a cell cytokine release assay for the prostaglandin EP4 receptor was developed, with a view to investigating how SNPs associated with Crohn’s disease in the 5p13.1 region influence EP4 receptor signalling and contribute to disease pathogenesis. This work highlights some of the challenges in moving from SNP-disease associations identified in GWASs to understanding how genetic variants change biological processes.
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Liskova, P. "Molecular genetic study of inherited corneal disorders". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18007/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The inherited corneal diseases form a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. They include the various types of progressive corneal dystrophies as well as some corneal structural abnormalities for which there is thought to be a genetic basis. These conditions are distinct from the corneal degenerations that result solely from aging or environmental effects. In this thesis I have concentrated on some selected inherited disorders. To try to improve our understanding of the disease mechanisms I have phenotyped affected families, performed candidate gene screening, and made genotype-phenotype correlations. I have collected the largest cohort of families with keratoconus reported to date and probands were screened for mutations in the VSX1 gene previously reported to be associated with this disorder. No disease-causing mutations were identified confirming that this gene only plays a very minor role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. In a white British family with cornea plana the c.740A>G mutation within the KERA gene was identified and evidence was sought for a common founder with previously reported Finnish patients with cornea plana. One novel mutation was found and common founder in some of the cases was suggested. Disease-causing changes were found in seven Czech families with anterior and stromal corneal dystrophies known to be associated with the TGFBI gene and, of great interest, was a novel phenotype in a family with a p.H626P change. A set of Czech families with macular corneal dystrophy was screened for mutations in the CHST6 gene. In one British family with early-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy we demonstrated a previously reported p.L450W mutation in the COL8A2 gene. Finally, by screening all three known genes implicated in posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy four novel mutations were identified in the ZEB1 gene which provides additional evidence for the genetic heterogeneity of this disorder.
26
Chen, Huijia. "Skin barrier dysfunction in common genetic disorders". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/37ccdf72-e6b2-43e2-b5a0-954be5cb6811.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the most important roles of the skin is the formation of an effective barrier to prevent desiccation as well as to keep out foreign pathogens and allergens. This is a tightly regulated process and involves many structural proteins, lipids, enzymes and biochemical components. One of the proteins that has an indispensable role in barrier formation is filaggrin, which is encoded by the filaggrin gene (FLG) that lies within a cluster of epidermal genes known as the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) on chromosome 1q21. Recent studies in Europe have shown that null mutations in FLG lead to the loss of the filaggrin protein; this is the underlying genetic cause of ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) and is a significant predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis (AD) and other atopic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy. In this thesis, the critical role of FLG-null mutations was examined and confirmed as a strong predisposing factor for AD in Singaporean Chinese patients. In addition, AD patients with FLG mutations also showed an increased susceptibility for recurrent skin infections. Interestingly, a diverse and wide spectrum of FLG-null mutations was identified in the Singaporean Chinese population, as opposed to the dominance of a few common FLG mutations in Europe. This result highlighted discrete genetic variations between different ethnic groups. FLG-null mutations were also shown to have significant gene modifying effects on other skin barrier genes such as steroid sulphatase gene (STS) to exacerbate the phenotype of X-linked ichthyosis (XLI). Next, the effect of FLG¬-null mutations on other complex conditions such as acne vulgaris and childhood peanut sensitisation was investigated but no significant association of FLG mutations with these diseases were observed in the Singaporean Chinese population. Lastly, a study was attempted to search for a candidate gene for psoriasis within the EDC, through the use of fine mapping techniques. With the advent of faster and cheaper next generation sequencing (NGS) in the near future, the quest for susceptibility factors in complex traits will increase in effectiveness and speed.
27
Wallis, Colin E. "Genetic disorders on the island of Mauritius". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26606.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Inherited disorders are an important cause of physical handicap, deafness, mental retardation and blindness. There is considerable variation in the geographic and ethnic distribution of genetic disease due to biological pressures and historical accidents. In this context the relative prevalence of common inherited disorders and the recognition of rare conditions in isolated communities is of great academic importance. Oceanic islands are of special significance in the study of inherited disease. Virtually nothing has been documented concerning genetic disorders on the Island of Mauritius with a population of one million people. This study was undertaken to document the impact of inherited disorders on handicapping conditions in this community. As genetic disease concentrates in institutions, formal screening of all the schools for the deaf and blind, and the associations for the physically and mentally handicapped on Mauritius was undertaken. This involved a careful history, clinical examination and genealogical study, with radiographic, biochemical and ancillary testing performed where appropriate. Referral clinics were also established for the assessment of individuals and families known, or thought to be afflicted with abnormalities or handicap of a genetic origin. To ensure completeness, a similar survey was performed on Rodrigues, a neighbouring island, as this community is included under the responsibilities of the Mauritian Ministry of Health. Accumulated data concerning 681 patients were analysed. Genetic disorders accounted for disability in 265 individuals representing 38,6% of the causes of handicap. Of these persons 54 were deaf, 30 were blind, 99 were mentally retarded and 80 were physically handicapped. Several new entities, considered unique to the area and a consequence of either consanguinity or the founder effect, were documented. Karyotyping on selected individuals was undertaken in the laboratories of the Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town. A molecular genetic study of a large family with X-linked deafness of Nance, conducted by the same laboratory, revealed tight linkage with the probe pDP34; linkage analysis was performed on patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The collation of these original data, the delineation of the new genetic conditions and an analysis of the results form the subject of this thesis and provide a basis for the future development of genetic services on Mauritius.
28
Kumar, Kishore Raj. "Advances in genetic studies for movement disorders". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aims: We investigated the genes causing Parkinson disease (PD), dystonia and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Methods: We performed Sanger sequencing of the GBA, VPS35, PRRT2 and GNAL genes. We sought to identify the cause of ‘hereditary whispering dysphonia’ (DYT4). We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with a complex neurological phenotype using next generation sequencing (NGS). We also used ‘targeted’ NGS to screen for a genetic diagnosis in patients with HSP. Results: The findings were as follows; i) GBA mutations were associated with increased susceptibility to PD in a Serbian sample, ii) a VPS35 mutation was identified in a patient with an ‘idiopathic’ PD phenotype, iii) a PRRT2 mutation was found to cause both paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and benign infantile seizures, iv) two patients with craniocervical dystonia had mutations in GNAL, v) TUBB4 was identified as the DYT4 gene, vi), an OPA3 mutation was identified in the Pakistani family using a process known as ‘reverse phenotyping’, and vii) we demonstrated that targeted NGS can be a useful diagnostic strategy in HSP. Conclusion: We determined the mutation frequency and clinical phenotype in recently identified movement disorder genes, and showed that NGS has an important role for both gene discovery and clinical diagnosis.
29
Goncalves, Pontes Jacinto Joana <1994>. "New perspectives of genetic disorders in cattle". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10418/1/jacinto_joana_tesi.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the last decades a negative trend in inbreeding has accompanied the evident improvement in productivity and performance of bovine domestic population, predisposing to the occurrence of recessively inherited disorders.
The objectives of this thesis were:
a) the study of genetic diseases applying a “forward genetic approach” (FGA);
b) the estimation of the prevalence of deleterious alleles responsible for eight recessive disorders in different breeds;
c) the collection of well-characterized materials in a Biobank for Bovine Genetic Disorders.
The FGA allowed the identification of seven new recessive deleterious variants (Paunch calf syndrome - KDM2B; Congenital cholesterol deficiency - APOB; Ichthyosis congenita - FA2H; Hypotrichosis - KRT71; Hypotrichosis - HEPHL1; Achromatopsia - CNGB3; Hemifacial microsomia – LAMB1) and of seven new de novo dominant deleterious variants (Achondrogenesis type II - two variants in COL2A1; Osteogenesis imperfecta - COL1A1; Skeletal-cardio-enteric dysplasia - MAP2K2; Congenital neuromuscular channelopathy - KGNG1; Epidermolysis bullosa simplex - KRT5; Classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - COL5A2) in different breeds, associated with a large spectrum of phenotypes affecting different systems.
The FGA was based on the sequence of a clinical, genealogical, gross- and/or histopathological and genomic study. In particular, a WGS trio-approach (patient, dam and sire) was applied.
The prevalence of deleterious alleles was calculated for the Pseudomyotonia congenita, Paunch calf syndrome, Hemifacial microsomia, Congenital bilateral cataract, Ichthyosis congenita, Ichthyosis fetalis, Achromatopsia and Hypotrichosis. A particular concern resulted the allelic frequency of 12% for the Paunch calf syndrome in Romagnola cattle.
In respect to the Biobank for Bovine Genetic Diseases, biological materials of clinical cases and their available relatives as well as controls used for the allelic frequency estimations were stored at -20 °C. Altogether, around 16.000 samples were added to the biobank.
30
Shaker, Nuha. "Examining the Influence and Role of Pharmacogenetics among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder". TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2037.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pharmacogenetics is the study of genomic-guided individualized drug prescription that plays an important role in preventing the severe adverse effects of drugs, decreasing the time and cost of therapeutic choices, and directing healthcare professionals to choose medications that are effective and safe. It is noteworthy that this approach becomes highly beneficial in patients suffering from chronic diseases or disorders, since these conditions may require multiple and long term pharmacological therapies, as in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, public acceptance is a major challenge when implementation of pharmacogenetics merges into clinical practice. The purpose of this study is a) to investigate, among small cohort group of children with ASD, several genetic variants of enzymes that influence the metabolism of commonly prescribed drugs to treat ASD and b) to inspect the knowledge of, attitude towards and future expectations with regards to pharmacogenetics among parents of children with ASD. A group of 15 school-aged participants with ASD were recruited for the study. Approximately 5 ml of venous blood was drawn for each participant to analyze the genotype of enzymes implicated in drug metabolism via pharmacogenetics testing. Thereafter, the parents of these children attended a training session to help them gain a better understanding of the pharmacogenetics results depicted in the drug panel results. A pre-training and post-training survey was conducted to assess the knowledge of, attitude towards and future expectations of pharmacogenetics among the children’s parents.
31
Ng, Kwok-keung Daniel. "Sleep related breathing disorders in children /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36223724.
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32
Ng, Kwok-keung Daniel, e 吳國強. "Sleep related breathing disorders in children". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007688.
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33
McClean, Patricia. "Studies into diarrhoeal disorders in children". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335969.
Testo completo
34
Trickett, Jayne K. "Sleep in children with neurodevelopmental disorders". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8328/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Profiles of sleep disturbance and sleep quality of children with the specific neurodevelopmental disorders of Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), Angelman syndrome (AS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and the relationships between behavioural and health characteristics, age and sleep were described in these groups. Interview data demonstrated that children with AS's sleep disturbance had a negative impact on both parents and children. A homogeneous sleep disturbance profile of severe night waking and early morning waking affected over 70% of children with SMS but more heterogeneous profiles were found for children with AS, TSC and ASD using cross-group questionnaire data comparisons and when compared to typically developing (TD) children. A heightened risk of sleep-related breathing disorders was identified for children with AS and SMS. Compared to TD children, children with SMS had significantly earlier morning wake times and children with AS and SMS had significantly earlier bedtimes according to actigraphy and sleep diary data. Increased daytime sleepiness in children with SMS was associated with increased overactivity and impulsivity. This thesis includes the largest samples of actigraphy data for children with SMS and AS to date. The importance of aetiology of intellectual disability in the profiling of sleep disturbance was evidenced. Areas for further assessment and intervention include sleep-related breathing disorders for children with AS and SMS and individualized assessment of circadian rhythm disorders for both groups.
35
Dotson, Deborah, Michelle Johnson e Christy Isbell. "Treating Children With Sensory Processing Disorders". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8281.
Testo completo
36
Ekvall, Sara. "Genetic and Clinical Investigation of Noonan Spectrum Disorders". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183325.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Noonan spectrum disorders belong to the RASopathies, a group of clinically related developmental disorders caused by dysregulation of the RAS-MAPK pathway. This thesis describes genetic and clinical investigations of six families with Noonan spectrum disorders. In the first family, the index patient presented with severe Noonan syndrome (NS) and multiple café-au-lait (CAL) spots, while four additional family members displayed multiple CAL spots only. Genetic analysis of four RAS-MAPK genes revealed a de novo PTPN11 mutation and a paternally inherited NF1 mutation, which could explain the atypically severe NS, but not the CAL spots trait in the family. The co-occurrence of two mutations was also present in another patient with a severe/complex NS-like phenotype. Genetic analysis of nine RASopathy-associated genes identified a de novo SHOC2 mutation and a maternally inherited PTPN11 mutation. The latter was also identified in her brother. Both the mother and the brother displayed mild phenotypes of NS. The results from these studies suggest that an additive effect of co-occurring mutations contributes to severe/complex NS phenotypes. The inherent difficulty in diagnosing Noonan spectrum disorders is evident in families with neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome (NFNS). An analysis of nine RASopathy-associated genes in a five-generation family with NFNS revealed a novel NF1 mutation in all affected family members. Notably, this family was initially diagnosed with NS and CAL spots. The clinical overlap between NS and NFNS was further demonstrated in three additional NFNS families. An analysis of twelve RASopathy-associated genes revealed three different NF1 mutations, all segregating with the disorder in each family. These mutations have been reported in patients with NF1, but have, to our knowledge, not been associated with NFNS previously. Together, these findings support the notion that NFNS is a variant of NF1. Due to the clinical overlap between NS and NFNS, we propose screening for NF1 mutations in NS patients negative for mutations in NS-associated genes, preferentially when CAL spots are present. In conclusion, this thesis suggests that co-occurrence of mutations or modifying loci in the RAS-MAPK pathway contributes to the clinical variability observed within Noonan spectrum disorders and further demonstrates the importance of accurate genetic diagnosis.
37
Dixon, Peter Hendy. "Molecular genetic studies of hypophosphataemic and hypoparathyroid disorders". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322579.
Testo completo
38
Doran, Graeme Paul. "Functional and genetic analysis of human neurological disorders". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543472.
Testo completo
39
Jarman, Paul Richard. "A molecular genetic study of inherited movement disorders". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325154.
Testo completo
40
Warner, Thomas Treharne. "A molecular genetic study of inherited movement disorders". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285185.
Testo completo
41
Kurian, Manju Ann. "Molecular genetic investigation of autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorders". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1126/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Development of the human brain occurs in a number of complex pre- and postnatal stages which are governed by both genetic and environmental factors. Aberrant brain development due to inherited defects may result in a wide spectrum of neurological disorders which are commonly encountered in the clinical field of paediatric neurology. In the work for this thesis, I have investigated the molecular basis and defined the clinical features of three autosomal recessive neurological syndromes. I studied a cohort of children with early onset epileptic encephalopathy and, in one family, identified a novel homozygous pathogenic mutation of PLCB1. I have also utilised autozygosity mapping techniques to study consanguineous families with a complex motor disorder, infantile parkinsonism-dystonia, and identified loss-of function mutations in the gene encoding the dopamine transporter (SLC6A3). Subsequent acquisition of a cohort of similarly affected children allowed detailed clinical and molecular characterisation of this novel disorder, dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome. Finally I have delineated the clinical and genetic features of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. The identification of disease-causing genes contributes greatly to understanding the disease mechanisms underlying such early-onset disorders, and also provides novel insights into normal human neurodevelopment.
42
Li, M. Y. "The genetic and pathological correlations of ataxic disorders". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1404013/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis will examine several pure and complex ataxic conditions with a focus on the genetic and neuropathological characterisation of these disorders. These disorders include Hallervorden Spatz syndrome (HSS), infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (iNAD) both disorders are part of the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) spectrum. Mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) and phopholipase A2 group 6 (PLA2G6) genes contribute to these disorders, respectively. The latter half of the thesis discusses the movement disorders known as the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) with a focus on SCA11 and SCA15. Mutant mouse models of SCA11 and SCA15 with mutations in the tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate type 1 receptor (ITPR1) resepectively, were pathologicaly characterised. Each disorder will be discussed in the introductory chapter and an overall summary conclusion at the end.
43
Maison, Patrick Opoku Manu. "Genetic basis of human disorders of gonadal development". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
South Africa is unique in the arena of Intersex, in that for unknown reasons we have a very high percentage of ovotesticular DSD (True Hermaphrodite). Whereas ovotesticular DSD is the least common cause of hermaphroditism in other parts of the world, it is the most common cause of hermaphroditism in South Africa. There have been several studies in the past to determine the cause of ovotesticular DSD in our population but none of these studies found appropriate answers. The current state of understanding implicates signaling and signal transduction molecules and transcription factors suggesting that it is likely not all of the genetic factors involved have already been identified. It was hypothesized that exome sequencing of individuals with DGDs will identify new mutations and genes for these conditions. Therefore, this study aims to identify additional genes that are associated with ovotesticular DSD. By using a whole-genome sequencing approach we expected to be able to identify rare variants with this condition and determine the prevalence of mutations in these genes in the ovotesticular DSD population. After obtaining informed consent, blood specimen was obtained from eleven out of fifteen patients who had histological diagnosis of Ovotesticular DSD at the Red Cross War Memorial Hospital over a 10 year period. Blood specimen was also obtained from the biological parents of these children and sent to the Ostrer laboratory for whole genome sequencing and analysis. At the Ostrer laboratory, high quality DNA was extracted from blood for all of subjects and lymphoblastoid cell lines were created. Following sample preparation using the Illumina library preparation kit, sequencing was accomplished using paired-end sequencing technology on an Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencer. The data from the Illumina sequencers was analyzed first using the Illumina sequencing data analysis pipeline for quality control. Paired end reads were aligned to the Human Reference Genome (NCBI Build 36) using the BWA software. Each alignment was assigned a mapping quality score by BWA, which is the Phredscaled probability that a read is misaligned. The basic functional annotation of SNPs/Indels is performed by ANNOVAR. The clinical features of these patients was consistent with those found by other studies on Ovotesticular DSD in South Africa and it also showed the same pattern of variation to the clinical features of Ovotesticular DSD from other parts of the world. Similar to previous South African studies, this study found no convincing gene mutations as the possible etiology of Ovotesticular DSD in South Africa. Whiles gene mutations such as duplication of SOX 9 have been found in patients with XX Ovotesticular DSD from outside South Africa, this study could not identify any such mutations. This further adds to the suspicion that the unique features of Ovotesticular DSD in South Africa suggests a different etiology from that of other parts of the world. In conclusion, the etiology of Ovotesticular DSD in South Africa still remains elusive. It is however possible that a genetic mutation may be found from a more critical analysis of the genome of the patients and their parents.
44
Modi, Bhavi P. "GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF COMPLEX REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS". VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4574.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Common, complex disorders are polygenic and multifactorial traits representing interactions between environmental, genetic and epigenetic risk factors. More often than not, contributions of these risk factors have been studied individually and this is especially true for complex reproductive traits where application of genomic technologies has been challenging and slow to progress. This thesis explores the potential of genetic and epigenetic components contributing to a better understanding of the biological pathways underlying disease risk in two specific female complex reproductive traits - polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The PCOS projects focus on characterization of a gene, DENND1A, whose association to PCOS has been established by Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and is known to contribute to PCOS steroidogenic phenotype. In addition, differential microRNAs expression contributing to DENND1A expression regulation in PCOS theca cells was identified. The studies on PPROM utilize a Whole Exome Sequencing approach to identify rare variants in fetal genes contributing to extracellular matrix composition and synthesis contributing to PPROM risk. The results suggest that fetal contribution to PPROM is polygenic and is driven by a significant genetic burden of potentially damaging rare variants in genes contributing to fetal membrane strength and integrity. Tissue and location specific expression patterns of the Chromosome 21 miRNA cluster (miR-99a, miR-125b, let-7c) in fetal membranes from term pregnancies with spontaneous rupture were investigated. The results suggest that these miRNAs play potential roles in fetal membrane rupture and fetal membrane defects associated with T21.
45
Ylönen, S. (Susanna). "Genetic risk factors for movement disorders in Finland". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223988.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease are progressive neurodegenerative movement disorders that typically manifest in adulthood. In this study, genetic risk factors contributing to these two movement disorders were investigated in Finnish patients. Patients with early-onset or late-onset Parkinson’s disease as well as population controls were examined. The p.L444P mutation in GBA was found to contribute to the risk of Parkinson’s disease. POLG1 compound heterozygous mutations were detected in two patients with Parkinson’s disease and rare length variants in POLG1 were associated with Parkinson’s disease. Variants in SMPD1, LRRK2 or CHCHD10, previously detected in other populations, were not detected, suggesting that they are rare or even absent in the Finnish population. Patients with Huntington’s disease were investigated for HTT gene haplotypes as well as whether these haplotypes alter the stability of the elongated CAG repeat. Haplogroup A was less common in Finns than in other European populations, whereas it was significantly more common in patients with Huntington’s disease than in the general population. Certain HTT haplotypes as well as the parental gender were found to affect the repeat instability. We found that compound heterozygous mutations in POLG1 were causative of Parkinson’s disease, rare length variants in POLG1 were associated with Parkinson’s disease and GBA p.L444P was significantly more frequent in patients than in the controls, which suggests that these mutations are associated with the development of Parkinson’s disease. The low prevalence of Huntington’s disease in Finland correlates with the low frequency of the disease-associated HTT haplogroup A. Paternal inheritance combined with haplotype A1 increased the risk of repeat expansion. Movement disorders in Finland were found to share some of the same genetic risk factors found in other European populations, but some other recognized genetic variants could not be detectedTiivistelmä Parkinsonin tauti ja Huntingtonin tauti ovat hermostoa rappeuttavia eteneviä liikehäiriösairauksia, jotka tyypillisesti ilmenevät aikuisiällä. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin näiden kahden liikehäiriösairauden geneettisiä riskitekijöitä suomalaisilla potilailla. Tutkimme potilaita, joilla oli varhain alkava Parkinsonin tauti tai myöhään alkava Parkinsonin tauti sekä väestökontrolleja. GBA-geenin p.L444P mutaation havaittiin lisäävän Parkinsonin taudin riskiä. Kaksi Parkinsonin tautia sairastavaa potilasta oli yhdistelmäheterotsygootteja haitallisten POLG1-geenin varianttien suhteen ja harvinaiset POLG1 CAG toistojaksovariantit assosioituivat Parkinsonin tautiin. Tutkittuja variantteja SMPD1-, LRRK2- ja CHCHD10-geeneissä ei löydetty tästä aineistosta lainkaan, mikä viittaa siihen, että ne puuttuvat suomalaisesta väestöstä tai ovat harvinaisia. Huntingtonin tautia sairastavilta potilailta tutkittiin HTT-geenin haploryhmiä ja niiden vaikutusta Huntingtonin tautia aiheuttavan pidentyneen toistojakson epästabiiliuteen. Haploryhmä A oli suomalaisessa väestössä harvinainen verrattuna eurooppalaiseen väestöön ja se oli huomattavasti yleisempi Huntingtonin tautipotilailla kuin väestössä. Toistojakson epästabiiliuteen vaikuttivat tietyt HTT-geenin haplotyypit samoin kuin sen vanhemman sukupuoli, jolta pidentynyt toistojakso periytyy. POLG1 yhdistelmäheterotsygoottien katsottiin aiheuttavat Parkinsonin tautia ja harvinaisten POLG1 CAG toistojaksovarianttien todettiin assosioituvan Parkinsonin tautiin Suomessa. GBA p.L444P mutaatio merkittävästi yleisempi Parkinsonin tautipotilailla kuin kontrolleilla, mikä viittaa siihen, että se on Parkinsonin taudin riskitekijä. Huntingtonin tautiin assosioituvan haploryhmä A:n matala frekvenssi selittää taudin vähäistä esiintyvyyttä Suomessa. Paternaalinen periytyminen ja haplotyyppi A1 lisäsivät HTT-geenin toistojakson pidentymisen riskiä. Liikehäiriösairauksilla todettiin Suomessa osittain samanlaisia riskitekijöitä kuin muualla Euroopassa, mutta kaikkia tutkittuja variantteja emme havainneet
46
ANNUNZIATA, SILVIA. "Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Autism Spectrum Disorders". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1452943.
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47
Crowe, Barbara Jean. "Attitudes of adults and children toward children with mild articulation disorders". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1335455941.
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Crowe, Barbara J. "Attitudes of adults and children toward children with mild articulation disorders /". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487331541708093.
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49
Ng, Kwok-hang Ashley. "Phonological processing in children with speech disorders". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209193.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1995."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 28, 1995." Also available in print.
50
Hus, Yvette. "Central auditory processing disorders in minority children". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/NQ39797.pdf.
Testo completo