Articoli di riviste: "Fusion à arc"

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Babazadeh, Sina, Ferraby Ling, Nhan B. Nguyen, Trieu H. Pham, Pubudu N. Pathirana, Kevin Eng e Richard Page. "Functional Dart-Throwing Motion: A Clinical Comparison of Four-Corner Fusion to Radioscapholunate Fusion Using Inertial Motion Capture". Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, n. 04 (28 maggio 2020): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710500.

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Abstract Background Dart-throwing motion (DTM) is an important functional arc of the wrist from radial extension to ulna flexion. An aim of partial fusion surgery of the wrist is to maintain maximal functional motion while addressing the pathology. The radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion, accompanied with partial resection of the distal scaphoid, is thought to allow better DTM than other partial wrist fusions such as the four-corner fusion (4CF). Question Does an RSL fusion allow better functional DTM than 4CF, and how does this range compare with healthy wrists and the patient's contralateral wrist? Patients and Methods Patients who have undergone an RSL fusion or 4CF at our tertiary center were identified and invited to present to have their DTM arc measured. To accurately measure DTM, a previously validated inertial measurement device was used. Patient's functional DTM arc was measured in both unrestrained (elbow and shoulder free to move) and restrained (elbow and shoulder immobilized) fashions. This was compared with their contralateral wrist and a group of healthy control volunteers. Results Overall five RSL fusions, 10 4CF and 24 control patients were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference between functional DTM when 4CF and RSL fusion were compared. Both had significantly reduced functional DTM arc than control patients. There was no significant difference between the operated wrist compared with the patient's contralateral unoperated wrist. Conclusion RSL fusion is not significantly better at maintaining functional DTM when compared with 4CF. Both surgeries result in decreased functional DTM arc when compared with control patients. This is a cohort study and reflects a level of evidence IV. Level of Evidence This is a Leve IV, cohort study.

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LI, Wei, Gaochong LV, Qiang WANG e Songtao HUANG. "Arc Characteristics and Weld Bead Microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy in Ultra-high Frequency Pulse Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (UHFP-GTAW) Process". Materials Science 26, n. 4 (17 agosto 2020): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.4.22329.

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To resolve the problem of grain coarsening occurring in the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone during conventional gas tungsten arc welding(C-GTAW) welded titanium alloy, which severely restricts the improvement of weld mechanical properties, welding experiments on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by adopting ultra-high frequency pulse gas tungsten arc welding (UHFP-GTAW) technique were carried out to study arc characteristics and weld bead microstructure. Combined with image processing technique, arc shapes during welding process were observed by high-speed camera. Meanwhile the average arc pressure under various welding parameters were obtained by adopting pressure measuring equipment with high-precision. In addition, the metallographic samples of the weld cross section were prepared for observing weld bead geometry and microstructure of the fusion zone. The experimental results show that, compared with C-GTAW, UHFP-GTAW process provides larger arc energy density and higher proportion of arc core region to the whole arc area. Moreover, UHFP-GTAW process has the obviously effect on grain refinement, which can decrease the grain size of the fusion zone. The results also revealed that a significant increase of arc pressure while increasing pulse frequency of UHFP-GTAW, which could improve the depth-to-width ratio of weld beads.

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Yang, Jian-hong, Huai-ying Fang, Ren-cheng Zhang e Kai Yang. "An arc fault diagnosis algorithm using multiinformation fusion and support vector machines". Royal Society Open Science 5, n. 9 (settembre 2018): 180160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180160.

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Arc faults in low-voltage electrical circuits are the main hidden cause of electric fires. Accurate identification of arc faults is essential for safe power consumption. In this paper, a detection algorithm for arc faults is tested in a low-voltage circuit. With capacitance coupling and a logarithmic detector, the high-frequency radiation characteristics of arc faults can be extracted. A rapid method for computing the current waveform slope characteristics of an arc fault provides another characteristic. Current waveform periodic integral characteristics can be extracted according to asymmetries of the arc faults. These three characteristics are used to develop a detection algorithm of arc faults based on multiinformation fusion and support vector machine learning models. The tests indicated that for series arc faults with single and combination loads and for parallel arc faults between metallic contacts and along carbonization paths, the recognition algorithm could effectively avoid the problems of crosstalk and signal loss during arc fault detection.

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Qu, Na, Wenlong Wei e Congqiang Hu. "Series Arc Fault Detection Based on Multimodal Feature Fusion". Sensors 23, n. 17 (4 settembre 2023): 7646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177646.

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In low-voltage distribution systems, the load types are complex, so traditional detection methods cannot effectively identify series arc faults. To address this problem, this paper proposes an arc fault detection method based on multimodal feature fusion. Firstly, the different mode features of the current signal are extracted by mathematical statistics, Fourier transform, wavelet packet transform, and continuous wavelet transform. The different modal features include one-dimensional features, such as time-domain features, frequency-domain features, and wavelet packet energy features, and two-dimensional features of time-spectrum images. Secondly, the extracted features are preprocessed and prioritized for importance based on different machine learning algorithms to improve the feature data quality. The features of higher importance are input into an arc fault detection model. Finally, an arc fault detection model is constructed based on a one-dimensional convolutional network and a deep residual shrinkage network to achieve high accuracy. The proposed detection method has higher detection accuracy and better performance compared with the arc fault detection method based on single-mode features.

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Marques, Paulo Villani, e Roseana da Exaltação Trevisan. "Arc fusion of self-fluxed nickel alloys". Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences 22, n. 3 (2000): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-73862000000300001.

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Koseeyaporn, P., G. E. Cook e A. M. Strauss. "Adaptive voltage control in fusion arc welding". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 36, n. 5 (2000): 1300–1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.871278.

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Sidorov, Vladimir P. "Calculation of Modes of Arc Welding under the Flux of Double-Sided Butt Joints". Materials Science Forum 946 (febbraio 2019): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.889.

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This paper gives the analysis of energy costs for arc automatic welding under the flux of double-sided butt joint without edge preparation according to the thickness of welding sheets. The coefficients for a linear dependence of specific energy from plate thickness are obtained. From this, a calculation method of effective power, current and arc voltage is proposed according to the joint formation speed. To calculate a fusion area of a weld section, a model of a surficial normal-circular heat source with an average heat flow in a heating spot 14−16 kW/cm2is used. Acceptable convergence of target and experimental cross-section areas of a weld is achieved for an arc reverse polarity. Calculation method let take into account the influence of arc polarity on a fusion area of a base metal. Main efficiency factors of a double-sided welding are defined. Possible reasons of augmentation of fusion effectiveness of a base metal in comparison with the electrode metal are noted.

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Cao, Yu, Xiaofei Wang, Xu Yan, Chuanbao Jia e Jinqiang Gao. "Prediction of Fusion Hole Perforation Based on Arc Characteristics of Front Image in Backing Welding". Materials 13, n. 21 (22 ottobre 2020): 4706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214706.

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In one-side welding with back-formation, the weld is penetrated after the fusion hole is perforated. Therefore, judging whether the fusion hole is perforated is very important to realize autocontrol of penetration in one-side welding with back-formation process. Previous researches mainly focused on the morphological characteristics of the molten pool and fusion hole to judge the weld penetration state. Sometimes it is difficult to obtain the morphological characteristics of the molten pool, keyhole and fusion hole and image processing is complex. In this paper, a visual detection system of fusion holes based on visual sensing is constructed to obtain the real-time fusion hole images in backing welding. It is found that the arc characteristics in the front images contain abundant information about the perforation of fusion hole. An image processing program is developed based on MATLAB software, and the arc characteristic parameters in front images are obtained. Taking the arc characteristic parameters as the input, obtaining the penalty function and the kernel function parameters through the cross validation and grid search method, a prediction model of fusion hole perforation based on the support vector machine is put forward. The accuracy for prediction samples is 88%. By analyzing the misidentified samples, it is found that some of the newly perforated images are predicted as nonperforated ones, which has little influence on the penetration control of the weld.

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Liu, Hongsheng, Ruilei Xue, Jianping Zhou, Yang Bao e Yan Xu. "Effects of Oscillation Width on Arc Characteristics and Droplet Transfer in Vertical Oscillation Arc Narrow-Gap P-GMAW of X80 Steel". Metals 13, n. 6 (31 maggio 2023): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13061057.

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In fields, such as oil and gas pipelines and nuclear power, narrow-gap welding has often been used for the connection of thick and medium-thick plates. During the welding process, a lack of fusion was prone to occur due to groove size limitations, seriously affecting the service safety of large structures. The vertical oscillation arc pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) method was adopted for narrow-gap welding in this study. The influence of the oscillation width on arc morphology, droplet transfer behavior and weld formation during narrow-gap welding was studied. Oscillation widths from 0 to 4 mm were used to weld narrow-gap grooves with a bottom width of 6 mm. The results show that, in non-oscillation arc welding, the arc always presented a bell cover shape, and the droplet transfer was in the form of one droplet per pulse, while the sidewall penetration of the weld was relatively small, making it prone to a lack of fusion. With an increase in the oscillation width, the arc gradually shifted to the sidewall. The droplet transfer mode was a mixed transfer of large and small droplets, and the sidewall penetration continued to increase, which was conducive to the fusion of the sidewall. However, when the oscillation width was wider than 3 mm, it led to the phenomenon of the arc climbing to the sidewall, and the weld was prone to porosity, undercutting and other welding defects. The oscillation width has a major impact on the stability of the welding process in vertical oscillation arc narrow-gap welding.

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HANSEN, JIM, e DENNIS D. HARWIG. "Impact of Electrode Rotation on Aluminum GMAW Bead Shape". Welding Journal 102, n. 6 (1 giugno 2023): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.010.

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Aluminum gas metal arc welding (GMAW) uses inert shielding gas to minimize weld pool oxidation and reduce susceptibility to porosity and incomplete fusion defects. For aluminum shipbuilding, naval welding requirements highly recommend the use of helium-argon mixtures or pure helium shielding gas to provide a broader heat field and better weld toe fusion. Pure argon shielding gas can be used but has been susceptible to incomplete fusion and porosity defects, where argon’s lower thermal conductivity promotes a narrower arc heat field and shallow weld fusion depth. Using helium is a concern because it is a finite resource that costs approximately five times more than argon. The rotating electrode pulsed GMAW process was investigated to improve argon shielding fusion characteristics and reduce helium usage. Argon-shielded bead-on-plate tests were used to evaluate the relationship between ER5183 electrode rotation parameters and arc power on constant deposit area bead shape. These tests were compared to stringer beads (no oscillation) that were made with argon, helium, and helium-argon shielding gases. Electrode rotation improved underbead fusion depth width and toe fusion. With preferred rotation parameters, the bead width and incomplete fusion at weld toes were equivalent to helium-based welds. For weld reinforcement, electrode rotation promoted a nonsymmetric profile with deposit bias on the bead side, where rotation direction was aligned with travel direction. The bead-side deposit bias is an advantage based on preliminary horizontal V-groove welding procedures using ceramic backing. Electrode rotation can offset the effects of gravity, promoting a smoother bead and fusion profile.

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Hoye, Nicholas, Hui Jun Li, John Norrish, Rian J. Dippenaar e Ali Dehghan-Manshadi. "Weldability of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys Formed via Various Powder Consolidation Techniques". Key Engineering Materials 520 (agosto 2012): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.520.314.

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This study considers the weldability of Ti-6Al-4V alloys formed by various powder consolidation methods. Samples were prepared from commercially sourced pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4V powder using both conventional press-and-sinter (PS) and the new novel resistance-heated pressing (RHP) methods. Fusion welding was executed by the gas tungsten arc (GTA) process with arc stability assessed in-situ by observations of the arc as well as monitoring of transient arc voltage. Results indicated equivalent arc stability between samples of RHP and commercially sourced wrought material while samples formed by PS showed high instability in arc initiation, attributed to high levels of porosity. Post weld analysis of mechanical hardness in powder based samples revealed no significant deviation in weld metal properties from welds conducted on commercially sourced wrought material. In all cases weld microstructures typical of Ti-6Al-4V alloys were observed with significant grain growth in the fusion and heat affected zones. Samples prepared by PS methods showed internal porosity due to gas evolution upon solidification, which may again be attributed to the highly porous initial microstructure.

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Song, Gang, Zhijie Xu, Qiang Lang, Xin Liu, Hongyang Wang e Liming Liu. "A Laser-Induced TIG Arc Narrow-Gap Welding Technique for TC4 Titanium Alloy Thick Plates Based on the Spatial Position Control of Laser, Arc and Filler Wire". Metals 14, n. 5 (26 aprile 2024): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14050510.

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In this paper, a novel laser-induced TIG arc narrow-gap welding technology is proposed for thick plates of TC4 titanium alloy. The feasibility of achieving high-performance welding joints is investigated by adjusting the spatial deviation position of the laser, arc, and filler wire. The results exhibited remarkable capabilities. By augmenting the laser-arc malposition, a stable deflection of the arc can be achieved, resulting in enhanced heat input to the sidewall adjacent to the laser side and improved fusion capability. Moreover, an inclined weld can be obtained through increased malposition between the filler wire and arc, which helps to improve interlayer fusion and suppress porosity defects. This method, involving alternating bilateral offsets between passes, successfully achieved narrow-gap welding of 24 mm-thick TC4 titanium alloy with an average tensile strength of 880.68 MPa (equivalent to 95.05% of base material strength). Therefore, this technology exhibits promising potential as an automated welding technique for achieving high-quality narrow-gap welding in titanium alloys.

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WU, Yanming, Jiguo Shan, Zhi Li, Xinghua Wang, Yan Feng e Minglin Wang. "•Narrow Groove Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Thick-Sectioned HSLA Steel Using Laser Beam Oscillation". Welding Journal 101, n. 7 (1 luglio 2022): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2022.101.014.

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In this study, a sine-oscillating laser was used to obtain narrow groove laser-arc hybrid welding (NGHW) of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. Then the effects of laser beam oscillation amplitude and space constraint on arc behavior, droplet transfer, weld geometry, and incomplete fusion of the weld beads were analyzed. Due to the minimum arc voltage principle and inherent arc self-regulation, when the laser did not oscillate, it was observed that the arc cathode spot was typically attached to one sidewall. As a result, the molten pool did not spread through the entire width of the gap , resulting in incomplete fusion. When the laser beam oscillated in a sinusoidal path, the energy density on both sides of the amplitude was higher than the centerline, and the aspect ratio of the weld decreased. The speed of the beam along the centerline was found to be much higher than the speed on both sides of the amplitude. The molten pool oscillated in the width direction under the action of the oscillating beam, forming a concave surface, which promoted melting of the sidewalls of the groove and suppressed incomplete fusion defects in the sidewalls. The technical feasibility of NGHW assisted by laser beam oscillation was verified using a 60-mm-thick weld, which was haracterized by a smooth layer transition and the absence of visible defects.

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Faust, Katherine C., e Gary M. Lourie. "Trapeziometacarpal Fusion With and Without Distal Scaphoid Excision: A Cadaveric Model Comparing Thumb Range of Motion". HAND 15, n. 6 (17 marzo 2019): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944719833707.

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Purpose: To describe the biomechanical changes seen after thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) fusion with distal scaphoid excision (DSE), a surgical technique used for pantrapezial disease in high-demand individuals. Methods: A cadaveric study with 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens was conducted. Fluoroscopic measurements in posteroanterior (PA) and lateral planes were performed. Thumb CMC fusion was then simulated. The same images were taken after fusion. The distal scaphoid was excised, and the measurements were obtained again. The angle between the index finger and thumb metacarpals was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The mean arcs of motion in the PA plane pre-fusion, post-fusion, and post-fusion with DSE were 48.5°, 25.1°, and 34.6°, respectively. An increase in arc of 9.5° was obtained after DSE compared with thumb CMC fusion alone. The mean arcs of motion in the lateral plane pre-fusion, post-fusion, and post-fusion with DSE were 53.4°, 22.4°, and 33.6°, respectively. A statistically significant increase in arc of motion of 11.2° in the lateral plane was obtained after DSE compared with thumb CMC fusion alone. This was a 20% and 21% increase in pre-fusion range of motion in the PA and lateral planes, respectively, from fusion alone compared with fusion and DSE. Conclusions: Thumb CMC fusion combined with DSE maintains motion lost in simple CMC arthrodesis.

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FENN, ROBERT. "ULTRASONIC MONITORING AND CONTROL DURING ARC FUSION WELDING". Nondestructive Testing Communications 2, n. 2 (giugno 1985): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10589758508952913.

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Anders, André, e Joe W. Kwan. "Arc-discharge ion sources for heavy ion fusion". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 464, n. 1-3 (maggio 2001): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00143-7.

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Rutkowski, H. L., R. M. Johnson, W. G. Greenway, M. A. Gross, D. W. Hewett e S. Humphries. "Multiple arc ion sources for heavy ion fusion". Review of Scientific Instruments 61, n. 1 (gennaio 1990): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141249.

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Liu, F., N. Qi, S. Gensler, R. R. Prasad, M. Krishnan e I. G. Brown. "Vacuum arc ion source for heavy ion fusion". Review of Scientific Instruments 69, n. 2 (febbraio 1998): 819–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148467.

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Krajewski, A., W. Włosiński, T. Chmielewski e P. Kołodziejczak. "Ultrasonic-vibration assisted arc-welding of aluminum alloys". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2012): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0098-2.

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Abstract The structure and hardness of the surface-welds and fusion-welds made on a 2017A aluminum alloy waveguide using the MIG and TIG methods with and without the participation of ultrasonic vibrations were examined. Cross-sections of the fusions and surface-welds thus obtained were observed in a microscope and the hardness distributions were determined. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the ultrasonic vibrations applied to the melted metal pool by a vibrating substrate which in our experiments was a waveguide. The interactions of the ultrasonic vibrations with the molten metal during its solidification and also with the heat-affected zone were examined at various phases of the vibration wave. The ultrasonic vibrations affected the structure of a weld. These changes are strongly depended on the wave phase.

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He, Jun, Ke Wang e Jiangang Li. "Application of an Improved Mayr-Type Arc Model in Pyro-Breakers Utilized in Superconducting Fusion Facilities". Energies 14, n. 14 (20 luglio 2021): 4383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144383.

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Pyro-breaker, a fast-responding, highly reliable and explosive-driven circuit breaker, is utilized in several Quench Protection Systems (QPS). The commutation process and its parameters are the main technical considerations in the process of designing a new pyro-breaker. The commutation parameters, such as the commutation time and the current change rate, are not only determined by the electrical parameters of the commutation circuit but also the arc behavior during the operation. The arc behavior is greatly affected by the structure and the driving mechanism of the Commutation Section (CS) in the pyro-breaker. The arc model was developed decades ago and the black-box arc model is considered a valid method to study arc behavior. In this paper, the Schavemaker black-box arc model, an improved Mayr-type arc model, is applied to study the commutation process of a newly designed pyro-breaker. Unlike normal circuit breakers, the arc discussed in this paper is discharged in deionized water. A parameter selection method is proposed. The practicability of the method is verified by numerical calculation in Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) and experimentally.

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Wang, Cheng, Qiuliang Li, Xin Zhou, Wenxin Zhu, Runqiu Huang, Zhihao Pan, Kai Chen e Chang He. "Contrastive Studies between Laser Repairing and Plasma Arc Repairing on Single-Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy". Materials 12, n. 7 (10 aprile 2019): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071172.

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Laser repairing and plasma arc repairing experiments on the single-crystal Ni-based superalloy DD407(Ni-7.82Cr-5.34Co-2.25Mo-4.88W-6.02Al-1.94Ti-3.49Ta in wt.%) were carried out in this paper, and the differences in microstructures and mechanical properties varying with depth between the two repairing methods were studied. Comparing the two repairing processes, both the fusion zone can maintain single-crystal epitaxial growth with no significant cracks and have similar fine γ′ precipitates. Nevertheless, the columnar-to-equiaxed transition phenomenon occurred on the top of the fusion zone during the laser re-melting process but was not very obvious on the top surface of the fusion zone during the plasma arc re-melting process. In addition, both the DD407 superalloy conducted with the two repairing processes had a large microhardness and a great Young’s modulus in the fusion zone.

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Wang, Xiaolong, Aimin Wang, Kaixiang Wang e Yuebo Li. "Process stability for GTAW-based additive manufacturing". Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, n. 5 (10 giugno 2019): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2018-0046.

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Abstract Purpose Traditional gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and GTAW-based wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) are notably different. These differences are crucial to the process stability and surface quality in GTAW WAAM. This paper addresses special characteristics and the process control method of GTAW WAAM. The purpose of this paper is to improve the process stability with sensor information fusion in omnidirectional GTAW WAAM process. Design/methodology/approach A wire feed strategy is proposed to achieve an omnidirectional GTAW WAAM process. Thus, a model of welding voltage with welding current and arc length is established. An automatic control system fit to the entire GTAW WAAM process is established using both welding voltage and welding current. The effect of several types of commonly used controllers is examined. To assess the validity of this system, an arc length step experiment, various wire feed speed experiments and a square sample experiment were performed. Findings The research findings show that the resented wire feed strategy and arc length control system can effectively guarantee the stability of the GTAW WAAM process. Originality/value This paper tries to make a foundation work to achieve omnidirectional welding and process stability of GTAW WAAM through wire feed geometry analysis and sensor information fusion control model. The proposed wire feed strategy is implementable and practical, and a novel sensor fusion control method has been developed in the study for varying current GTAW WAAM process.

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Dai, Zhefu, Xiao-Nan Zhang, Fariborz Nasertorabi, Qinqin Cheng, Jiawei Li, Benjamin B. Katz, Goar Smbatyan et al. "Synthesis of site-specific antibody-drug conjugates by ADP-ribosyl cyclases". Science Advances 6, n. 23 (giugno 2020): eaba6752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba6752.

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Most of the current antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in clinic are heterogeneous mixtures. To produce homogeneous ADCs, established procedures often require multiple steps or long reaction times. The introduced mutations or foreign sequences may cause high immunogenicity. Here, we explore a new concept of transforming CD38 enzymatic activity into a facile approach for generating site-specific ADCs. This was achieved through coupling bifunctional antibody-CD38 fusion proteins with designer dinucleotide-based covalent inhibitors with stably attached payloads. The resulting adenosine diphosphate–ribosyl cyclase–enabled ADC (ARC-ADC) with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 2 could be rapidly generated through single-step conjugation. The generated ARC-ADC targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) displays excellent stability and potency against HER2-positive breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a new strategy for production of site-specific ADCs. It may provide a general approach for the development of a novel class of ADCs with potentially enhanced properties.

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Burcă, Mircea, Aurelian Vasile Magda e Ioan Lucaciu. "Technological Aspects Regarding Manual Metal Arc Welding Using Pulsed Current for Fillet Joints Applications". Advanced Materials Research 1138 (luglio 2016): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1138.56.

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The idea of using electrical pulse current at manual arc welding with coated electrode starts from the observation of frequency influence, unchanging in manual TIG welding with filler materials, on weld pool volume, by partial solidification of the weld pool in base time of the pulse current, thus being able to control its volume.This paper presents for the first time this new challenge of inverter modern sources: manual metal arc welding using pulsed current.Experimental research findings highlight the technological aspects when using pulsed current in manual metal arc welding, using STEL welding equipment that has this option. The application - concerns the establishment the lack of fusion welded joints in fillet positions. It highlights the beneficial effect of pulsed current, in particular by the joint penetration.Experiments have pursued highlighting of welding pulsed current and frequency of the pulses by the appearance of the joint and the influence by weld geometry for lack of fusion fillet joint. Also, the influence of frequency pulsed current by arc stability, sprays, etc. compared with standard welding was observed.

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Bae, Jin Whan, Ethan Peterson e Jonathan Shimwell. "AR reactor neutronics multi-code validation*". Nuclear Fusion 62, n. 6 (5 aprile 2022): 066016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac5450.

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Abstract The affordable, robust, compact (ARC) reactor is a tokamak fusion reactor concept currently under development by Commonwealth Fusion Systems and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. There are three important neutronics considerations for the operation of the ARC reactor: (1) breeding of enough tritium in the blanket to sustain the D–T reaction in the plasma; (2) ensuring low fluence on the superconducting toroidal field coils; and (3) assessing neutron volumetric heating in structural components. This work aims to perform a validation of the neutronics analysis approach by code-to-code comparison. State-of-the-art software stacks are employed for the neutronics analysis of the ARC reactor, and a computer-aided design (CAD) model is used directly for Monte Carlo (MC) neutron transport calculations. Three software stacks, Attila-MCNP, OpenMC-DAGMC, and Shift-DAGMC, are used to perform neutronic analyses of a 90° sector CAD model of the ARC reactor. Results show that the flux tallies calculated by the three software stacks are very close. Also, the volumetric heating and tritium breeding values have less than 0.6% relative difference between codes.

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Przełożyńska, E., K. N. Braszczyńska-Malika e M. Mróz. "Structure of MMCs with SiC Particles after Gas-tungsten Arc Welding". Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2015): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0081.

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Abstract The gas-tungsten arc (GTA) welding behaviors of a magnesium matrix composite reinforced with SiC particles were examined in terms of microstructure characteristics and process efficiencies. This study focused on the effects of the GTAW process parameters (like welding current in the range of 100/200 A) on the size of the fusion zone (FZ). The analyses revealed the strong influence of the GTA welding process on the width and depth of the fusion zone and also on the refinement of the microstructure in the fusion zone. Additionally, the results of dendrite arm size (DAS) measurements were presented.

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Guo Tieying, 郭铁英, 娄淑琴 Lou Shuqin, 李宏雷 Li Honglei, 姚磊 Yao Lei e 简水生 Jian Shuisheng. "Low Loss Arc Fusion Splice of Photonic Crystal Fibers". Acta Optica Sinica 29, n. 2 (2009): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20092902.0511.

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Pagliuca, Enrico, e Antonino Meli. "NUCLEAR FUSION, THE ARC REACTOR, AND INNOVATIVE NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY". International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science (IJEES) 11, n. 3 (19 maggio 2021): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31407/ijees11.302.

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29

Mackenzie, K. H., R. W. Montgomery e D. Engledow. "Contrôle dynamique de la fusion au four à arc". Revue de Métallurgie 86, n. 4 (aprile 1989): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/198986040305.

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30

MURATA, Seiji, Toshihisa OHTSUKA, Hiroshi TAMURA, Yukiyoshi KOBAYASHI, Ikuo KANEKO, Shounosuke YAGUCHI e Shigeru SAITO. "Study on Strength of Arc Fusion Spliced Optical Fiber". Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2002 (2002): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2002.0_167.

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31

MURATA, Seiji, Toshihisa OHTSUKA, Hiroshi TAMURA, Yukiyoshi KOBAYASHI, Ikuo KANEKO, Shounosuke YAGUCHI e Shigeru SAITO. "Study on Strength of Arc Fusion Spliced Optical Fiber". Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2003 (2003): 829–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2003.0_829.

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32

Rutkowski, H. L., D. W. Hewett e S. Humphries. "Development of arc ion sources for heavy ion fusion". IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 19, n. 5 (1991): 782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.108415.

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33

Matsumoto, Michito, Tadashi Haibara, Yutaka Katsuyama, Masamitsu Tokuda, Tadatoshi Tanifuji, Regular Members e Mitsuru Miyauchi, Regular Member. "Long-term reliability assurance for arc-fusion spliced fiber". Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 68, n. 2 (febbraio 1985): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410680210.

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34

Yang, Cheng Dong, H. Y. Huang, H. J. Zhang, Y. X. Chen e San Ben Chen. "Multi-Pass Route Planning for Thick Plate of Low Alloy High Strength Steel by Double-Sided Double Arc Welding". Advanced Materials Research 590 (novembre 2012): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.590.28.

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Abstract (sommario):

Double-sided double arc welding (DSDAW), a high efficiency method for welding thick plate of low alloy high strength steel which does not require back chipping is used in this paper, research on multi-pass route planning for thick plate of low alloy high strength plate by double-sided double arc welding. Firstly, establish a double-sided double arc welding system that can realize thick plate of low alloy high strength steel double-sided double arc welding by double robots. Then, Propose the multi-pass route planning for thick plate of low alloy high strength steel by double-sided double arc welding by means of misplaced welding. According to the welding parameters and the geometry size of groove, plan the layers, the number of beads and the concrete position of the welding torch for each bead. Finally, the welding experiment has been done to verify the effectiveness of multi-pass route planning. The results of welding experiment are approximately agreement with the multi-pass route planning results. The backing weld can get better appearance in the front and guarantee fusion penetration in the back simultaneously. On the basis of the multi-pass welding route planning, good fusion and leveling interface can be obtained after filler passes.

35

Ebrahimpour, Reza, Rasul Fesharakifard e Seyed Mehdi Rezaei. "An adaptive approach to compensate seam tracking error in robotic welding process by a moving fixture". International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, n. 6 (1 novembre 2018): 172988141881620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418816209.

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Abstract (sommario):

Welding is one of the most common method of connecting parts. Welding methods and processes are very diverse. Welding can be of fusion or solid state types. Arc welding, which is classified as fusion method, is the most widespread method of welding, and it involves many processes. In gas metal arc welding or metal inert gas–metal active gas, the protection of the molten weld pool is carried out by a shielding gas and the filler metal is in the form of wire which is automatically fed to the molten weld pool. As a semi-metallic arc process, the gas metal arc welding is a very good process for robotic welding. In this article, to conduct the metal active gas welding torch, an auxiliary ball screw servomechanism is proposed to move under a welder robot to track the welded seam. This servomechanism acts as a moving fixture and operates separately from the robot. At last, a decentralized control method based on adaptive sliding mode is designed and implemented on the fixture to provide the desired motion. Experimental results demonstrate an appropriate accuracy of seam tracking and error compensation by the proposed method.

36

He, Jun, Ke Wang e Jiangang Li. "Numerical Study on Multiple Arcs in a Pyro-Breaker Based on the Black-Box Arc Model". Electronics 11, n. 11 (26 maggio 2022): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111702.

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The arc behavior during commutation of a pyro-breaker is the main determinant of performance evaluation. The pyro-breaker discussed in this article is an explosive-driven, extremely fast and non-linear Direct Current circuit breaker. It has been developed for the Quench Protection System (QPS) of superconducting fusion facilities, such as the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). The feasibility of the Schavemaker differential equation is verified in a simplified 40 kA commutation simulation. The Commutation Section of the pyro-breaker will form multiple gaps after the operation, which causes multiple arc ignitions during the explosion. The influence of the gap quantity on the commutation performance of the pyro-breaker has not previously been studied. A more accurate simulation, which takes the multiple-arc formation into consideration, is proposed and verified under the current of 60 kA. The simulation model, which takes the numerical analysis of the driving mechanism into consideration, will be the designing basis for the pyro-breaker in further development and implementation.

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Hirose, Akio, e Kojiro F. Kobayashi. "Laser Beam Welding of Automobile Materials for Lightweight Car Body". Materials Science Forum 502 (dicembre 2005): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.502.487.

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This paper presents laser beam welding (LBW) of an age-hardened aluminum alloy and a bake-hardening (BH) steel, which are promising materials for lightweight car body, compared with conventional arc welding. The LBW of the aluminum alloy had a significantly narrower fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) than the arc weld and the hardness of the softened zones was almost completely recovered to the base metal hardness after a post weld aging treatment. This advantage of LBW is due to a low overall heat input resulting from its high energy density. This is also beneficial for welding of the BH steel. In the LBW of the pre-strained BH steel, both the fusion zone and HAZ were bake-hardened after a heat-treatment and the fracture occurred in the base metal in the tensile test. In contrast to this, the arc weld had a large softened zone in the HAZ and fractures in this region.

38

Zhang, Shuchang, Honghong Wang, Yangwen Wang e Liang Cao. "Study on the Novel High Manganese Austenitic Steel Welded Joints by Arc Welding for Cryogenic Applications of LNG Tanks". Materials 16, n. 6 (16 marzo 2023): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062381.

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The novel high-Mn austenitic steel is becoming a promising steel for cryogenic applications of LNG tanks. The welded joints take a critical role in cryogenic service for storage tanks. In this work, we developed well-matched high-Mn welding consumables and prepared the welded joints by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), submerged arc welding (SAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The detailed welding parameters were proposed first, then the welding quality, mechanical properties, and microstructure were investigated. The results show that good welding quality, excellent mechanical properties, and stable levels of mechanical properties were obtained for high-Mn steel welded joints using similar welding consumables, the solid core of electrodes, and solid welding wires. Notably, the lowest cryogenic absorbed energy was found at 5 mm away from the fusion line rather than at the fusion line. The hardness of the welded joints was detected to be less than 280 HV due to the whole austenitic microstructure.

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Orłowicz, A. W., e M. Mróz. "Microstructure and fatigue strength of A356 alloy castings refined on the surface by rapid crystallization". International Journal of Materials Research 94, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2003): 1320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2003-0238.

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Abstract The effect of the microstructure on the fatigue strength of A356 alloy castings with a surface refined through rapid crystallization has been investigated. The refinement of the structure, in order to improve the fatigue strength of the alloy surface, was accomplished with an electric arc plasma. The surface fusions were made in helium atmosphere by changing the welding current intensity from 100 to 300 A and the arc advance speed from 200 to 600 mm/min. The rapid crystallization reduced the parameters 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 of the 𝜆 phase dendrites and 𝜆E of the eutectic, compared to the initial material. The parameter 𝜆E changed by a factor of nearly 3. The structural refinement was determined by the amount of heat input into the fusion area. The fatigue strength increased with decreasing values of the λ parameters of the structure.

40

Chen, Qihao, Chengcheng Wang, Yihao Wang, Jiahui Wang, Sanbao Lin e Jiayou Wang. "Comprehensive Effect of Arc and Ultrasonic Energy on MIG Arc Ultrasonic Welding". Materials 14, n. 17 (27 agosto 2021): 4884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174884.

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Ultrasonic energy is introduced into the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding arc and weld pool by superposition of an ultrasonic frequency current. In this study, the arc shape, arc energy, and ultrasonic energy that responded to ultrasonic excitation voltage and frequency is investigated. The comprehensive influence of arc and ultrasonic energy on weld formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties is further studied. The arc and ultrasonic energy are analyzed by using a high-speed camera and microphone, respectively. The results showed that the arc width increased, and the arc energy density decreased after the superposition of ultrasonic current. The arc height could be compressed under certain ultrasonic excitation parameters. The ultrasonic excitation voltage and frequency had a direct influence on the ultrasonic energy. The arc height, arc energy density, and ultrasonic energy together determined the weld width. Ultrasound could effectively refine the microstructure of the weld zone and fusion zone but had little effect on the heat-affected zone. Ultrasound improved the hardness of the joint by refining the grain and the second phase. The joint hardness was the highest when the ultrasonic excitation voltage was 100 V, and the frequency was 30 kHz.

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Winczek, Jerzy, e Kwiryn Wojsyk. "New method of calculating the amount of heat input to the weld". Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, n. 3 (giugno 2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.3/2.

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A new method of calculating the amount of heat introduced into the welded joint is presented. Instead of the previously used measure of heat input per unit length, heat input per unit volume was proposed. The proposed method and general formula are based on the basic technological parameters of the welding process (i.e. energy generated by the electric arc and welding speed) and the cross-sectional area of the fusion zone in the welded joint. A simplified method of calculating heat input per unit volume is presented by using simple formulas to calculate the surface area of the fusion zone in cross-section of the weld for the most common shapes in classic welding methods. The proposed general formula allows for a more accurate way of calculating the heat input per unit of volume depending on the the energy generated by the electric arc (e.g. for pulse current) and the surface area of the reinforcement and fusion zone using other direct measurement methods.

42

Guo, Lin, Tian Hui Zhang, Ren Ping Xu e Hui He. "Properties Effect of 16MnR Steel Weld Joint by Different Welding Methods". Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (maggio 2013): 2639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2639.

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Abstract (sommario):

Welding experiments were made with δ=14mm, 16MnR steel by three welding methods, manual electric arc welding, automatic submerged arc welding and semi-auto solid-core CO2 shielded arc welding, and weld joint test with samples from every welding specimen. The properties of welding joint were analyzed by three welding methods and in every position of welding, concluded that brittlement problems in heat affected zone arise from the CO2 shielded arc welding, it is because of the heat damage of alloy elements of weld joint metal while using CO2 shielded arc welding, but the strength of the weld joint is high because of its high fusion ratio. So for improving the mechanical properties of weld joints.it had better accelerate the cooling rate of weld bead and decrease the heat input of welding.

43

Singh, Harpuneet, Bikramjit Singh e Gurcharan Singh. "Current Trends in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing- A Review". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 10, n. 3 (2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.1032210.

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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a fusion manufacturing process in which the heat energy of an electric arc is employed for melting the electrodes and depositing material layers for wall formation or for simultaneously cladding two materials in order to form a composite structure. This directed energy deposition-arc (DED-arc) method is advantageous and efficient as it produces large parts with structural integrity due to the high deposition rates, reduced wastage of raw material, and low consumption of energy in comparison with the conventional joining processes and other additive manufacturing technologies. These features have resulted in a constant and continuous increase in interest in this modern manufacturing technique which demands further studies to promote new industrial applications.

44

Hu, Xiao Dong, Jian Tao Lv, Yong Zhang, Sen Zhang e Ya Jiang Li. "Study on the Weldability and Metallurgical Structure of 15CrMoR". Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (agosto 2012): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.583.

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The butt weld of 15CrMoR with the thickness of 55mm has been manufactured with the bonding methods of manual electric arc welding (SMAW) and submerged-arc welding (SAW), and the mechanical properties of which have been tested with the corresponding test, and the metallurgical structures have been analyzed with microscope. Conclusions have been obtained as following: the metallurgical structure of multi-layer butt weld is much more complicated than the monolayer ones; only the last weld layer has the obvious zones of weld zone, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and fusion area; the weld zone and the fusion area will be heat treated with the next layers weld finished; the mechanical property of the multi-layer butt weld is much better than the monolayer weld.

45

Zhang, Deku, Mengyu Duan, Xinkai Zhu, Hongyu Zhang, Chonglin Wu e Kehong Wang. "Effect of longitudinal magnetic field on arc motion and joint structure of hollow stud". Emerging Materials Research 12, n. 2 (1 giugno 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00221.

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Given the non-uniform melting of the end face of the joint and the local non-fusion of the joint in large-diameter hollow stud welding, to research the law of arc motion, the joint forming quality, the weld microstructure and mechanical properties, in the process of hollow stud welding propelled by the longitudinal magnetic field in this paper. The results reveal that under the influence of the longitudinal magnetic field, the arc on the end of stud is affected by Lorentz force and spirals downward. In the welding process, with the increase of magnetic field intensity, the arc uniformly burns the stud end face, preventing local non-fusion and resulting in a well-shaped joint. Under the action of magnetic field stirring, the eutectoid ferrite is broken, the content of eutectoid ferrite and bainite is diminished, the nucleation barrier is reduced and the grain is refined. Under the action of the longitudinal magnetic field, the shear strength of the hollow stud welded joint is raised to 312 MPa, surpassing the strength of a joint welded without a magnetic field.

46

Qian, Xiaoyan, Xin Ye, Xiaoqi Hou, Haohao Jing, Peilei Zhang, Zhishui Yu, Di Wu e Kuijun Fu. "Research on Residual Stress Distribution in Different Areas of Laser-MAG Arc Hybrid Welding by Numerical Simulation". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2160, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2160/1/012026.

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Abstract In this research, through experiments and numerical simulations, the residual stress distribution of the top and bottom surfaces of the laser (TruDisk16002)-arc (MAG) hybrid welding seam and the weld cross-section are studied. The results show that when the arc power is 6.5KW and the laser power is 7.5KW, the weld is formed well. The residual stress on the bottom surface near the weld is higher than that on the top surface. The laser zone in the center of the weld has the largest residual stress, the arc zone is smaller, and the mixed zone is the smallest. The laser zone has the largest residual stress at the fusion line and the heat-affected zone, followed by the mixed zone, and the arc zone is the smallest. followed by the mixed zone, and the arc zone has the smallest.

47

Zheng, W. "Real time control of arc fusion for optical fiber splicing". Journal of Lightwave Technology 11, n. 4 (aprile 1993): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.248117.

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48

De, A., e D. Parle. "Real time seam tracking system for automated fusion arc welding". Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 8, n. 5 (ottobre 2003): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217103225005471.

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49

Segantin, Stefano, Andrea Bersano, Nicolò Falcone e Raffaella Testoni. "Exploration of power conversion thermodynamic cycles for ARC fusion reactor". Fusion Engineering and Design 155 (giugno 2020): 111645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111645.

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50

Sokolov, V. A., M. D. Gasparyan e P. P. Mamochkin. "Arc melting plant for synthesizing and producing fusion-cast refractories". Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 50, n. 3 (maggio 2009): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-009-9172-1.

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