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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Fungicide"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 11 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Fungicide"

Tarnowski, T. L. B., A. T. Savelle e H. Scherm. "Activity of Fungicides Against Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi in Blueberry Flowers Treated at Different Phenological Stages". Plant Disease 92, n. 6 (giugno 2008): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0961.

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The activity of fenbuconazole and azoxystrobin applied to blueberry flowers at different phenological stages against subsequent gynoecial infection by the mummy berry fungus Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi was evaluated. In the greenhouse, potted blueberry plants having flower clusters at five distinct stages (from bud scale separation to anthesis) were treated with the two fungicides. One day after anthesis (between 1 and 15 days after fungicide treatment), individual flowers were detached and inoculated with conidia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi in the laboratory. Four days after inoculation, hyphal ingress into the style was determined microscopically as a measure of fungicide efficacy. Results revealed a significant flower stage effect (P < 0.0001), whereby only fungicide application at anthesis but not at the four preanthesis stages reduced subsequent fungal ingress into the style. There was no significant difference between the two fungicides (P > 0.50) nor was there a significant fungicide–flower stage interaction (P > 0.30). In the field during 2 years, mature blueberry plants were treated with the two fungicides and exposed to natural pathogen inoculum. At the time of application, flower clusters at anthesis and at three preanthesis stages were selected and tagged. Mummy berry incidence in fruit developing from the tagged clusters was assessed to determine treatment effects. Whereas fenbuconazole lowered disease incidence for all preanthesis stages, azoxystrobin was effective only at the latest preanthesis stage. The discrepancy between these results and those of the greenhouse study (where there was no preanthesis activity of either fungicide) indirectly suggests post-infection fungicidal activity in the ovary, the base of which was exposed to the fungicide spray at the time of treatment for all flower phenology stages. Thus, although there appears to be insufficient translocation of the two fungicides in flowers treated at preanthesis stages to prevent stylar ingress by the pathogen, fungicidal activity in the ovary may be sufficient to halt subsequent fungal colonization, especially for fenbuconazole. To prescribe the most effective management program for flower-infecting fungi, translocation and post-infection activity of fungicides in floral tissues must be better understood.

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O'Brien, RG, LL Vawdrey e RJ Glass. "Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and its effect on field control". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, n. 3 (1988): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880417.

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Decreased fungicidal control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht: Fr.) Poll.) in commercial cucurbit crops led to an investigation to determine whether fungicide resistant strains were present. In field trials, fungicides such as bupirimate (100 mg a.i. L-I), dimethirimol (250 mg a.i. L-1), fenarimol (36 mg a.i. L-1), penconazole (40 mg a.i. L-l) and triadimefon (125 mg a.i. L-1) were less effective (P=0.01) in controlling the disease than oxythioquinox (100 mg a.i. L-1). This disagreed with earlier trial results and suggested that fungicide resistant strains may have developed. The sensitiyities of 6 isolates of S. fuliginea to 12 fungicides were determined using a leaf disc technique. Two isolates collected in fields where fungicides had been used intensively showed reduced sensitivity to fungicides from several chemical groups including the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, hydroxypyrimidines, organophosphates and benzimidazoles. Several spraying strategies were compared. The S. fuliginea populations receiving spray schedules which included the protectant fungicide oxythioquinox alone, or in alternation with a systemic (triadimefon) developed a lower proportion (66-73%) of resistant strains than those treated with systemic fungicide alone (89%). These findings suggest that S. fuliginea can develop strains with low sensitivity to several fungicides against powdery mildew. To prolong their efficacy, systemic fungicides should not be used continuously but should be reserved for use during the latter part of crop growth when disease risk is highest. Alternating or tank mixing with an effective protectant fungicide is also recommended.

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Tompros, Adrianna, Mark Q. Wilber, Andy Fenton, Edward Davis Carter e Matthew J. Gray. "Efficacy of Plant-Derived Fungicides at Inhibiting Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Growth". Journal of Fungi 8, n. 10 (28 settembre 2022): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8101025.

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The emerging fungal amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), is currently spreading across Europe and given its estimated invasion potential, has the capacity to decimate salamander populations worldwide. Fungicides are a promising in situ management strategy for Bsal due to their ability to treat the environment and infected individuals. However, antifungal drugs or pesticides could adversely affect the environment and non-target hosts, thus identifying safe, effective candidate fungicides for in situ treatment is needed. Here, we estimated the inhibitory fungicidal efficacy of five plant-derived fungicides (thymol, curcumin, allicin, 6-gingerol, and Pond Pimafix®) and one chemical fungicide (Virkon® Aquatic) against Bsal zoospores in vitro. We used a broth microdilution method in 48-well plates to test the efficacy of six concentrations per fungicide on Bsal zoospore viability. Following plate incubation, we performed cell viability assays and agar plate growth trials to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of each fungicide. All six fungicides exhibited inhibitory and fungicidal effects against Bsal growth, with estimated MIC concentrations ranging from 60 to 0.156 μg/mL for the different compounds. Allicin showed the greatest efficacy (i.e., lowest MIC and MFC) against Bsal zoospores followed by curcumin, Pond Pimafix®, thymol, 6-gingerol, and Virkon® Aquatic, respectively. Our results provide evidence that plant-derived fungicides are effective at inhibiting and killing Bsal zoospores in vitro and may be useful for in situ treatment. Additional studies are needed to estimate the efficacy of these fungicides at inactivating Bsal in the environment and treating Bsal-infected amphibians.

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Ngibad, Khoirul, Afidatul Muadifah, Lailatul Jannah Triarini, Laily Rizki Amalia e Novita Karel Damayanti. "A review of application of natural products as fungicides for chili". Environmental and Toxicology Management 1, n. 2 (22 maggio 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/etm.v1i2.2022.

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Anthracnose disease in chillies is a serious problem for farmers. So far, synthetic fungicides have been used as solution for the treatment of this disease. However, the side effects of synthetic fungicides to public health and environment raised awareness on alternative fungicides derived from natural resources. This paper aims to review plants that are potential as an alternative to fungicides for chili plantation, fabrication of test solutions, in vitro and in vivo fungicide test. Many plants were investigated as alternatives to plant-based fungicide. The utilization of leaves as samples including rhizomes, roots, tubers, weevils, seeds, fruit, flowers and other parts of the plant. The extract fabrication method used as a fungicide test include: maceration method, gradual fractionation method, and decoction method. The maceration method is the method most widely used to extract fungicidal active compounds from plants. Some studies that carried out in vitro tests were unable to compare with synthetic fungicides so it was not possible to determine their effectiveness for plant-based fungicide for chillies when compared to synthetic fungicides. In vitro Extract of 80% alcohol and 10%/60% n-hexane of pacar cina (Aglaia odorata L.) leaves can be compared with the performance of propineb 0.2%. In addition, the 60% and 70% kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaf extracts were also able to match Acrobat 0.2% performance in vitro. Based on the in vivo test, suren (Toona sureni Merr) leaf extract and nut bulbs can be used as an alternative to vegetable / natural fungicides to help overcome the problem of anthracnose in chilies.

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Bandara, Ananda Y., Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya, Shawn P. Conley, Tom W. Allen e Paul D. Esker. "Modeling the relationship between estimated fungicide use and disease-associated yield losses of soybean in the United States II: Seed-applied fungicides vs seedling diseases". PLOS ONE 15, n. 12 (28 dicembre 2020): e0244424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244424.

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Use of seed-applied fungicides has become commonplace in the United States soybean production systems. Although fungicides have the potential to protect seed/seedlings from critical early stage diseases such as damping-off and root/stem rots, results from previous studies are not consistent in terms of seed-applied fungicide’s ability to mitigate yield losses. In the current study, the relationship between estimated soybean production losses due to seedling diseases and estimated seed-applied fungicide use was investigated using annual data from 28 soybean growing states in the U.S. over the period of 2006 to 2014. National, regional (northern and southern U.S.), state, and temporal scale trends were explored using mixed effects version of the regression analysis. Mixed modeling allowed computing generalized R2 values for conditional (R2GLMM(c); contains fixed and random effects) and marginal (R2GLMM(m); contains only fixed effects) models. Similar analyses were conducted to investigate how soybean production was related to fungicide use. National and regional scale modeling revealed that R2GLMM(c) values were significantly larger compared to R2GLMM(m) values, meaning fungicide use had limited utility in explaining the national/regional scale variation of yield loss and production. The state scale analysis revealed the usefulness of seed-applied fungicides to mitigate seedling diseases-associated soybean yield losses in Illinois, Indiana, North Carolina, and Ohio. Further, fungicide use positively influenced the soybean production and yield in Illinois and South Dakota. Taken together, use of seed-applied fungicide did not appear to be beneficial to many of the states. Our findings corroborate the observations made by a number of scientists through field scale seed-applied fungicide trials across the U.S and reiterate the importance of need base-use of seed-applied fungicides rather than being a routine practice in soybean production systems.

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Gur, Lior, Keren Levy, Amotz Farber, Omer Frenkel e Moshe Reuveni. "Delayed Development of Resistance to QoI Fungicide in Venturia inaequalis in Israeli Apple Orchards and Improved Apple Scab Management Using Fungicide Mixtures". Agronomy 11, n. 2 (23 febbraio 2021): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020396.

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Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) fungicides group were introduced for commercial use against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in Israel in 1997. Unlike other regions in the world, in which resistance of V. inaequalis to QoI fungicides was observed within 3–5 years of use, in Israel it only occurred after 14 years of use. Field trials conducted between 2007 and 2017 showed a significant reduction in susceptibility to QoIs in northern Israel only since 2011. The delay in the development of resistance is related to limited fungicidal sprays resulting from unfavorable conditions for the pathogen. Of the 28 isolates collected from infected leaves or fruits of commercial orchards in northern Israel, 27 were resistant to the QoI fungicide Kresoxim-methyl. Amplification of the CYTB gene and sequencing of the G143A mutation region confirmed the resistance of all 27 isolates to QoIs. Resistance is demonstrated in the orchard, in vitro and molecular-based study, which forced the growers to avoid using QoIs against apple scab. We show that foliar applications of tank mixtures of systemic fungicides plus captan or prepacked fungicidal mixtures improved efficacy and can be used as a strategic approach in fungicide resistance management, including in orchards in which resistance to QoIs has been detected.

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Gent, David H., Mary Block e Briana J. Claassen. "High Levels of Insensitivity to Phosphonate Fungicides in Pseudoperonospora humuli". Plant Disease 104, n. 5 (maggio 2020): 1400–1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-19-2067-re.

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Phosphonate (phosphite; HPO3−2) is fungicidal against oomycetes and certain other organisms. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee has deemed phosphonate to be at low risk of resistance development, and reduced sensitivity to phosphonate has been reported only occasionally in plant pathogens. Reduced sensitivity to the fungicide fosetyl-Al was documented in the hop downy mildew pathogen, Pseudoperonospora humuli, in the early 2000s, but disease caused by insensitive isolates could still be managed commercially if the fungicide rate was doubled from 2.24 to 4.48 kg/ha. In this research, we document the occurrence of isolates of P. humuli in Oregon that possess even higher levels of insensitivity to fosetyl-Al and other phosphonate fungicides. The median estimated effective concentration required to reduce infection by 50% (EC50) for isolates collected from two farms reporting disease control failures was 2.7% (vol/vol) phosphonate (range = 1.6 to 164.2), which was 1.6 times (range = 0.9 to 96.0) the maximum labeled rate of the phosphonate fungicide utilized. In contrast, the median EC50 for isolates obtained from experimental plots that have received only a single application of a phosphonate fungicide was 0.6% (vol/vol) phosphonate (range = 0.11 to 2.3) or 0.3 times the maximum allowable rate. Sensitivity of isolates to a phosphorous acid fungicide, fosetyl-Al, and a plant nutrient product containing an unspecified level of phosphorous acid were linearly related. Insensitivity to the maximum allowable rate of a phosphorous acid fungicide was widespread within and among hop farms in Oregon. Among 54 isolates assayed for phosphonate insensitivity, 96% had EC50 values that exceeded the maximum allow rate of the fungicide used in the assays. Field studies conducted in 2 years further demonstrated that a phosphorous fungicide, a nutrient product containing phosphorous acid, and fosetyl-Al failed to provide commercially acceptable suppression of downy mildew when applied at the maximum allowable rates and even double these rates, whereas fungicides with different modes of action provided 91% or greater disease control. The whole of this research indicates that P. humuli has been selected to tolerate fosetyl-Al and other phosphonate fungicides at rates four times greater than those used earlier to obtain satisfactory suppression of downy mildew. This finding has implications for management of the disease not only in Oregon but also, in other production regions should insensitive isolates be introduced on infected planting material.

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Ali, Md Emran, Owen Hudson, Will H. Hemphill, Timothy B. Brenneman e Jonathan E. Oliver. "First Report of Resistance to Pyraclostrobin, Boscalid, and Thiophanate-methyl in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Blueberry in Georgia". Plant Health Progress 20, n. 4 (1 gennaio 2019): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-08-19-0058-br.

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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes anthracnose fruit rot and leaf spot on blueberries. For controlling anthracnose, blueberry growers mostly rely on pre- and postharvest fungicide applications in addition to orchard sanitation. Single-site fungicides including quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), such as pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin as well as fungicides containing the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) boscalid are used frequently to control anthracnose rots and other diseases on blueberry; however, development of fungicide resistance is a real risk because a limited number of fungicides are now available for blueberry disease management. In 2019, three isolates of C. gloeosporioides were cultured from blueberry fruit collected from southern highbush blueberry cultivar ‘Farthing’ in two commercial blueberry fields in Pierce County, Georgia, where ripe rot had been a problem. Fungicide sensitivity tests were conducted using a mycelial growth inhibition assay as described previously. A total of nine fungicides were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of these C. gloeosporioides isolates. All three isolates were resistant to thiophanate-methyl, the QoI fungicide pyraclostrobin, and the SDHI fungicide boscalid. These findings suggest that continuous monitoring of fungicide resistance is necessary to avoid the unwarranted application of single-site fungicides.

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Raper, Tyson B., Dan D. Fromme, Darrin M. Dodds, Gaylon Morgan, Randy Boman, Shawn A. Butler e W. Hunter Frame. "Evaluation of Early Season Foliar Fungicide Applications to Support Non-Fungicidal ‘Plant Health’ Benefits". Journal of Cotton Science 23, n. 1 (2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/adtj9206.

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The recent labeling of a new fungicide and rumors of non-fungicidal ‘plant health’ benefits achieved through early-season foliar applications of certain fungicides have led to inquiries concerning the practice. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of an early-season fungicide application on early-season growth or end-of-season lint yields, turnout, and/or fiber quality when disease symptoms are not present. During the 2014-2016 growing seasons, a total of ten trials were established in Alexandria, LA; Starkville, MS; Fort Cobb, OK; Jackson, TN; and Snook, TX. Fungicide treatments included an untreated control, a foliar application of 0.11 kg ai ha-1 zoxystrobin, and a foliar application of 0.07 kg ai ha-1 fluxapyroxad + 0.15 kg ai ha-1 pyraclostrobin. All treatments targeted the two through four true leaf growth stage. A significant interaction between fungicide treatment and site-year was observed from node counts collected at 14 and 28 DAA. Site-year analysis indicated a significant reduction in node counts observed with the azoxystrobin treatment in one site-year in the 14 DAA data and one site-year in the 28 DAA data. Fungicide treatment did not impact plant height or vigor ratings collected at 14 or 28 DAA, chlorophyll meter readings, lint yield, turnout, or fiber quality parameters in any site-year. Failure of fungicide treatments to positively impact in-season growth measurements, yield, and yield parameters suggests the evaluated fungicides should not be applied early-season for the purpose of improving ‘plant health’ and should instead be reserved to target above-threshold levels of disease incidence/severity.

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N. Srinivasan e M. Gunasekaran. "FIELD CONTROL OF LEAF ROT DISEASE OF COCONUT WITH FUNGICIDES". CORD 12, n. 02 (1 dicembre 1996): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v12i02.303.

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Leaf rot is a disease of fungal complex super imposed on root (wilt) affected coconut palms in India. A field fungicidal control trial on the disease involving contact (indofil M‑45, Fytolan) and systemic (Calixin) fungicides was conducted Fungicidal treatments, spraying of Indofil M‑45 and pouring of Calixin into axil of spindle, were found beneficial as the disease intensity reduced in newly emerged leaves. However, the extent of disease amelioration by fungicides was marginal to moderate level only. Importance of broad spectrum fungicide(s) and measures of disease protection are outlined.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Fungicide"

Hall, R. J. "Modelling fungicide resistance". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599864.

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Fungicide resistance, whereby a mutation conferring reduced sensitivity to chemical control arises and spreads through a fungal population, severely inhibits the successful control of crop disease. Mathematical models play a vital role in assessing the risk of invasion of fungicide-resistant pathogens, and in the design of effective resistance management strategies. In this thesis, I investigate the factors affecting the invasion of resistance in heterogeneous crop environments. I develop a simple, nonlinear model for fungicide resistance which, improving on existing work, incorporates the dynamics of the host crop and quantities how the amount, decay and timing of a fungicide dose affect selection for resistance. The model structure is similar to those used to describe antibiotic resistance, and hence much of the analysis presented here applies more generally to drug and pesticide resistance. I identify a threshold for the invasion of resistance in terms of two key parameters, both of which are amenable to estimation in the field. These are the fitness of the resistant strain relative to the wild-type, and treatment efficacy (which summarises how control inhibits pathogen survival and reproduction). Using a discrete, stochastic formulation of the model, I demonstrate that this threshold is robust to the effects of demographic stochasticity, and estimate the probabilities of resistance pre-existing or emerging during treatment. In the final section of the thesis, I extend the simple model to examine the dynamics of multiple pathogen strains, the effects of seasonal disturbance to the host (through planting and harvesting) on persistence of the resistant pathogen, and how the scale of pathogen dispersal affects the spatial propagation of resistance.

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Reis, Renato Ferrari dos [UNESP]. "Esporulação in vivo, período de suscetibilidade dos tecidos e reação de tangerinas e híbridos a Alternaria alternata". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105230.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_rf_dr_jabo.pdf: 717177 bytes, checksum: a3ad4a94a8ee559ded22f5ec2741cd35 (MD5)
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Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar o efeito da idade da lesão de mancha marrom de Alternária (MMA) na produção conidial em folhas, ramos e frutos, a produção conidial sob diferentes condições de umidade relativa, a influência da aplicação de fungicidas na supressão da produção de conídios, o efeito da idade de maturação de folhas na suscetibilidade ao patógeno e a influência do tamanho de frutos na suscetibilidade à Alternaria alternata. A reação de espécies cítricas à MMA também foi avaliada. A esporulação em folhas teve início cerca de 10 dias depois do aparecimento de lesões de mancha marrom de Alternária, sendo que a maior produção de conídios ocorreu a partir de 20 dias, estendendo-se até 40 dias de idade. A produção de conídios foi superior em folhas do que em ramos ou frutos. A esporulação por unidade de área de lesão em folhas foi maior nos tangelos Minneola e Orlando , em relação ao tangor Murcott . A produção conidial em lesões de folhas foi mais abundante a partir de 85, 92,5, 96 e 100% de umidade relativa. A aplicação de fungicidas do grupo das estrobilurinas e dos cúpricos suprimiu a esporulação em lesões nas folhas por cerca de 14 a 21 dias após a aplicação. Folhas de tangelo Minneola apresentaram maior quantidade e maiores tamanhos de lesões até 20 dias de idade. O híbrido Nova foi o mais resistente entre os materiais genéticos estudados, sendo que folhas a partir de 16 dias de idade...
The objectives of this study were to evaluate: i) the effect of age of Alternaria brown spot (ABS) lesions on conidial production on leaves, twigs and fruit, ii) conidial production under different relative humidities, iii) influence of fungicide application on conidial production and iv) effect of leaf age on susceptibility to the disease and the influence of fruit size on the severity of brown spot. The reaction of the different citrus species to ABS was also studied. Sporulation on leaves began about 10 days after symptoms developed, was abundant from 20 to 40 days, and declined thereafter. Conidial production was far greater on leaf than fruit or twig lesions. Spore production per unit area of leaf lesion was greater on the more susceptible hybrids, Minneola and Orlando tangelos than on the less susceptible Murcott tangor. Conidial production on leaf lesions was more abundant at 85, 92.5, 96 and 100% relative humidity (RH) and almost nil at lower RH. Application of pyraclostrobin, trifloxyztrobin, azoxystrobin and copper fungicides suppressed the sporulation on leaf lesions for about 14 to 21 days after application. Minneola tangelo leaves had the greatest number and the largest lesions by 20 days or later. The Nova and Murcott hybrids were the most resistant of the cultivars and leaves showed few lesions when they were 16-days-old or older at inoculation. Leaves of Dancy tangerine were more susceptible than on leaves of Orlando tangelo and the Sunburst mandarin. For disease severity, there was a significant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Almeida, Taís Ferreira de. "Mancha preta dos citros: expressão dos sintomas em frutos pela inoculação com conídios e controle do agente causal (Guignardia citricarpa) /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105216.

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Resumo: A mancha preta dos citros (MPC) doença causada pelo fungo Guignardia citricarpa Kiely [anamorfo: Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlp.) Van der Aa], é a principal doença fúngica da cultura no Brasil. Todas as variedades de laranjeiras doces são suscetíveis ao patógeno, que deprecia comercialmente os frutos, além de provocar sua queda prematura e elevar substancialmente o custo de produção. Até o presente momento, informações acerca da etiologia da doença são escassas. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: determinar os tipos de sintomas expressos por G. citricarpa em frutos cítricos inoculados com suspensão de conídios; desenvolver uma metodologia de inoculação de G. citricarpa a qual seja eficiente e permita estabelecer relações qualitativa e quantitativa, tanto em termos de níveis de severidade e tipos de inóculo; determinar em casa de vegetação o período de suscetibilidade dos frutos de laranjeira 'Pêra-Rio' a G. citricarpa; verificar a influência da forma endofítica de G. mangifera na expressão de sintomas de G. citricarpa e; avaliar a relação da eficiência de controle químico da MPC versus o tempo de exposição dos frutos à descarga de conídios de G. citricarpa. Foi observado que G. citricarpa inoculada em suspensão conidial em frutos de laranjeira 'Pêra-Rio' produzem sintomas do tipo mancha dura, mancha sardenta, mancha virulenta e falsa melanose. Quando inoculada em frutos de tangor 'Murcott' produzem sintomas do tipo falsa melanose e mancha dura. Frutos de laranjeira 'Pêra-Rio' mostraram-se mais suscetíveis a G. citricarpa que o tangor 'Murcott'. A metodologia de inoculação de conídios de G. citricarpa, mostrou-se eficiente, prática e rápida, permitindo quantificar o inóculo, fato inovador. Em relação à suscetibilidade, os frutos de laranjeira 'Pêra-Rio' quando inoculados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Guignardia citricarpa Kiely [anamorph: Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlp.) Van der Aa], is of the most import citrus disease in Brazil. Practically, all varieties of sweet oranges are susceptible to pathogen, which depreciates commercially the fruits, causes drop prematurely and increase substantially the cost of production. Until now, information about the etiology of the disease is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the types of symptoms expressed by G. citricarpa in citrus inoculated with conidial suspension, to develop a method of inoculation with G. citricarpa which to be efficient and allow a qualitative and quantitative relations with levels of severity and inoculum types, to determine in greenhouse the period of susceptibility sweet orange fruits of 'Pêra-Rio' to G. citricarpa; the influence of endophytic form of G. mangiferae in the suppression of symptoms of G. citricarpa; and to evaluate the efficiency of chemical control of CBS vs exposure time of fruit to discharge of conidia of G. citricarpa. Conidia of G. citricarpa inoculated in sweet orange Pêra-Rio produced symptoms of the types: hard spot, freckled spot, virulent spot and false melanose. When conidia inoculated in 'Murcott' tangor fruits the symptoms were of the type false melanose hard spot. Sweet orange fruits showed more susceptible than 'Murcott' tangor. The methodology of inoculation of conidia used in this work showed very efficient and practice allowing discriminative studies related to the inoculum and, additional alternative to studies related to Citrus-G. citricarpa pathosystem. For the susceptibility, sweet orange fruits with 4.5 cm diameter, inoculated with G. citricarpa showed 56.94% of fruit with symptoms of MPC, 50% of fruits with 5.5 cm diameter and 27.75% when inoculated with ≥ 7 cm in diameter, is only... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Antonio de Goes
Coorientador: Renato Ferrari dos Reis
Banca: Jaime Maia dos Santos
Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado
Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi
Banca: Marcel Bellato Spósito
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Zziwa, Miriam C. N. "Fungicide resistance to morpholine and piperidine fungicides in barley and wheat powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis D.C". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27744.

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This work was carried out to study the sensitivity of barley and wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei and E. graminis f.sp. tritici respectively) to morpholine fungicides. Morpholine fungicides are classified as compounds with a low risk of resistance development. On the other hand, barley and wheat powdery mildews belong to the group of high risk fungi as far as development of fungicide resistance is concerned. Firstly, mildew isolates collected in the UK were assessed, over the period 1992 to 1995, for their sensitivity to three morpholine fungicides (tridemorph, fenpropimorph and fenpropidin). Barley isolates tended to be more sensitive to the fungicides than wheat isolates. In general, the barley mildew isolates were less sensitive to tridemorph than to fenpropimorph and fenpropidin. Cross resistance was found between fenpropimorph and fenpropidin but there was no significant correlation between barley mildew sensitivity to tridemorph and either fenpropimorph or fenpropidin. Isolates from Scotland were significantly less sensitive to fenpropimorph and fenpropidin than isolates from England. The wheat isolates tended to be more sensitive to fenpropidin than to fenpropimorph. There was no evidence of cross resistance between fenpropimorph and fenpropidin with the wheat isolates tested. A shift towards insensitivity over the period of testing was found for fenpropimorph. Wheat isolates from Scotland were found to be significantly less sensitive to fenpropidin than isolates from England. Although variation in sensitivity among mildew isolates was recorded, the results of the monitoring work confirmed the findings of field experience that morpholines are continuing to maintain an effective control over barley and wheat mildew. The variation in sensitivity appeared to be as a continuous distribution, probably related at least in part to the use of bulk isolates for most of the sampling. There, was however, no evidence of any part of the population showing a very high level of resistance.

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Knowles, Tim C., Bruce Odom e Del Wakimoto. "1998 Cottonseed Variety and Fungicide Evaluation". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197280.

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Two upland cotton varieties (Deltapine 5415 and SureGrow 125) were subjected to various seed fungicide treatments to determine seedling emergence and vigor in a Mohave Valley field prone to Rhizoctonia infection of cotton seedlings. During 1998, cotton seedlings in this field exhibited symptoms associated with Rhizoctonia, Pythium, and Thielaviopsis fungi. Of the treatments examined in this study, Baytan+Thiram+Allegiance or Baytan+Ascend+Allegiance cotton seed treatments provided superior seedling disease protection. The Protégé+Allegiance fungicide treatment provided superior seedling disease protection when applied to Deltapine 5415 cotton seed, however seedling disease suppression was poor when the same treatment was applied to SureGrow 125. The Vitavax-PCNB+Allegiance and NuFlow M+Maxim+Apron were the least effective fungicide seed treatments examined in this study.

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Silveira, Savênia Bonoto da. "Toxicidade do tebuconazol em quatro espécies fitoplanctônicas dulcícolas subtropicais". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2012. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/4389.

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Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, 2012.
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A contaminação de ambientes aquáticos por compostos potencialmente tóxicos oriundos de atividades agrícolas é um problema que tem se agravado nos últimos anos. O tebuconazol é um fungicida amplamente usado na agricultura, frequentemente encontrado em águas naturais, inclusive no Rio Grande do Sul, e cuja toxicidade para o fitoplâncton não é conhecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade do tebuconazol em quatro espécies fitoplanctônicas dulcícolas subtropicais. Foram montadas culturas estanque em triplicata testando seis diferentes concentrações de tebuconazol (10; 100; 500; 1.000; 5.000 e 10.000 μg L-1) para Cosmarium depressum var. planctonicum, Desmodesmus communis, Pediastrum boryanum e Spondylosium pygmaeum, assim como um controle somente com a microalga, sem a adição do tebuconazol, para verificar o crescimento padrão. Os experimentos foram mantidos por 13 dias, nos quais foram realizadas amostragens diárias nos 4 primeiros dias e a cada 72 h até o final do experimento para a análise de crescimento (clorofila-a e densidade celular) e parâmetros toxicológicos. As quatro cepas apresentaram diferença significativa de crescimento em relação ao controle, para C. depressum var. planctonicum nas concentrações 5.000 e 10.000 μg L-1, D. communis e P. boryanum em 1.000, 5.000 e 10.000 μg L-1 e S. pygmaeum a partir de 500 μg L-1. A EC50 (concentração que inibe 50% do crescimento) foi de 3.616 μg L-1 para C. depressum var. planctonicum, 3.246 μg L-1 para D. communis, 3.863 μg L-1 para P. boryanum e 1.851 μg L-1 para S. pygmaeum, sendo o S. pygmaeum a cepa mais sensível. Para LOEC (concentração mais baixa com efeito observado) e NOEC (concentração mais alta sem efeito observado) S. pygmaeum também apresentou concentrações mais baixas, seguido de C. depressum var. planctonicum, D. communis e P. boryanum.
Public concern has increased regarding the uncontrolled use of pesticides, including fungicides. Tebuconazol is a broad-spectrum fungicide that is used worldwide; however, its toxicity to phytoplankton is unknown. This work aims to evaluate the tebuconazol influence on the growth of four subtropical freshwater phytoplanktonic strains. Experimental cultures of Cosmarium depressum var. planctonicum, Desmodesmus communis, Pediastrum boryanum and Spondylosium pygmaeum were prepared with six tebuconazol concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1.000, 5.000 and 10.000 μg L-1), besides a control that was also prepared to measure the regular growth of each microalgae. The cultures (triplicates) were maintained for 13 days to determine both the growth (cellular density and chlorophyll-a content) and toxicological parameters. Tebuconazol inhibited the growth of all phytoplanktonic strains when they were exposed to 5.000 and 10.000 μg L-1. D. communis and P. boryanum were also inhibited when exposed to 1.000 μg L-1, while S. pygmaeum was inhibited since 500 to 10.000 μg L-1. The calculated EC50 was 3.616 μg L-1 to C. depressum var. planctonicum, 3.246 μg L-1 to D. communis, 3.863 μg L-1 to P. boryanum and 1.851 μg L-1 to S. pygmaeum, that was the most sensible strain to tebuconazol. LOEC and NOEC were also lower to S. pygmaeum followed by C. depressum var. planctonicum, D. communis and P. boryanum.

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Zeneratto, Marcos Antonio. "Ferrugem alaranjada da cana-de-açúcar : viabilidade técnica e econômica do controle químico, e curvas de progresso da doença sob condições naturais de cultivo. /". Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190661.

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Orientador: Antonio de Goes
Resumo: A ferrugem alaranjada da cana-de-açúcar (FA), causada por Puccinia kuehnii, é responsável por superior a 40% na produtividade de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar suscetíveis e intermediários. Nesse estudo foram realizados três experimentos. No experimento E1 foi avaliado o efeito do número de aplicações de fungicida piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole (PE) no município de Olímpia-SP, em E2 foi avaliado o efeito do número de aplicações de fungicida piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole (PE) no município de Catigua-SP, ambos em épocas distintas, e em E3 foi avaliado o efeito do volume de calda de PE no controle da doença. A partir dos dados obtidos nos experimentos E1 e E2, foi também avaliada a viabilidade econômica do controle da FA da cana-de-açúcar. Os experimentos foram realizados em dois locais, Olímpia e Catiguá, Estado de São Paulo, sendo empregada a cultivar SP81-3250, em quarto ciclo, após o terceiro corte, em estádio de desenvolvimento (Elongação do colmo; Crescimento intenso; Início do acúmulo de sacarose) da cultura. Em E1 e E2 usou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso (DBC), com quatro tratamentos, sendo 0 (testemunha), 1, 2 e 3 aplicações. Cada parcela foi constituída por quatro linhas de 8 metros, espaçadas de 1,5 metros. Foram realizadas sete avaliações, com as quais determinou-se a severidade, a partir das quais foi obtida a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Também foi estimado o rendimento de colmos, expresso em tonelada de colmos por hectare... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The orange rust of sugarcane (FA), caused by Puccinia kuehnii, is responsible for over 40% in the yield of susceptible and intermediate sugarcane genotypes. Three experiments were performed in this study. In the E1 experiment, the effect of the number of applications of fungicide pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (PE) in the municipality of Olímpia-SP, in E2, was evaluated the effect of the number of applications of fungicide pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (PE) in the municipality of Catigua-SP, both at different times, and in E3 the effect of the volume of PE syrup on disease control was evaluated. From the data obtained in experiments E1 and E2, the economic viability of sugarcane FA control was also evaluated. The experiments were carried out at two locations, Olímpia and Catiguá, State of São Paulo, and the cultivar SP81-3250 was used, in the fourth cycle, after the third cut, at the development stage (Elongation of the stem, intense growth; sucrose) of the culture. In E1 and E2, the experimental design in randomized blocks (DBC) was used, with four treatments, being 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3 applications. Each plot was constituted by four lines of 8 meters, spaced of 1.5 meters. Seven evaluations were performed, with which the severity was determined, from which the area under the disease progress curve (AACPD) was obtained. The yield of stalks, expressed in ton of stems per hectare (TCH), was also estimated. In E3 a similar procedure was adopted, whose treatments were repres... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Leake, Christopher R. "The environmental fate of fungicide SN 539865". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278444.

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Parnell, Stephen Robert. "The invasion and spread of fungicide resistance". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613759.

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Almeida, Taís Ferreira de [UNESP]. "Mancha preta dos citros: expressão dos sintomas em frutos pela inoculação com conídios e controle do agente causal (Guignardia citricarpa)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105216.

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A mancha preta dos citros (MPC) doença causada pelo fungo Guignardia citricarpa Kiely [anamorfo: Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlp.) Van der Aa], é a principal doença fúngica da cultura no Brasil. Todas as variedades de laranjeiras doces são suscetíveis ao patógeno, que deprecia comercialmente os frutos, além de provocar sua queda prematura e elevar substancialmente o custo de produção. Até o presente momento, informações acerca da etiologia da doença são escassas. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: determinar os tipos de sintomas expressos por G. citricarpa em frutos cítricos inoculados com suspensão de conídios; desenvolver uma metodologia de inoculação de G. citricarpa a qual seja eficiente e permita estabelecer relações qualitativa e quantitativa, tanto em termos de níveis de severidade e tipos de inóculo; determinar em casa de vegetação o período de suscetibilidade dos frutos de laranjeira ‘Pêra-Rio’ a G. citricarpa; verificar a influência da forma endofítica de G. mangifera na expressão de sintomas de G. citricarpa e; avaliar a relação da eficiência de controle químico da MPC versus o tempo de exposição dos frutos à descarga de conídios de G. citricarpa. Foi observado que G. citricarpa inoculada em suspensão conidial em frutos de laranjeira ‘Pêra-Rio’ produzem sintomas do tipo mancha dura, mancha sardenta, mancha virulenta e falsa melanose. Quando inoculada em frutos de tangor ‘Murcott’ produzem sintomas do tipo falsa melanose e mancha dura. Frutos de laranjeira ‘Pêra-Rio’ mostraram-se mais suscetíveis a G. citricarpa que o tangor ‘Murcott’. A metodologia de inoculação de conídios de G. citricarpa, mostrou-se eficiente, prática e rápida, permitindo quantificar o inóculo, fato inovador. Em relação à suscetibilidade, os frutos de laranjeira ‘Pêra-Rio’ quando inoculados...
Citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Guignardia citricarpa Kiely [anamorph: Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlp.) Van der Aa], is of the most import citrus disease in Brazil. Practically, all varieties of sweet oranges are susceptible to pathogen, which depreciates commercially the fruits, causes drop prematurely and increase substantially the cost of production. Until now, information about the etiology of the disease is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the types of symptoms expressed by G. citricarpa in citrus inoculated with conidial suspension, to develop a method of inoculation with G. citricarpa which to be efficient and allow a qualitative and quantitative relations with levels of severity and inoculum types, to determine in greenhouse the period of susceptibility sweet orange fruits of 'Pêra-Rio' to G. citricarpa; the influence of endophytic form of G. mangiferae in the suppression of symptoms of G. citricarpa; and to evaluate the efficiency of chemical control of CBS vs exposure time of fruit to discharge of conidia of G. citricarpa. Conidia of G. citricarpa inoculated in sweet orange Pêra-Rio produced symptoms of the types: hard spot, freckled spot, virulent spot and false melanose. When conidia inoculated in ‘Murcott’ tangor fruits the symptoms were of the type false melanose hard spot. Sweet orange fruits showed more susceptible than ‘Murcott’ tangor. The methodology of inoculation of conidia used in this work showed very efficient and practice allowing discriminative studies related to the inoculum and, additional alternative to studies related to Citrus-G. citricarpa pathosystem. For the susceptibility, sweet orange fruits with 4.5 cm diameter, inoculated with G. citricarpa showed 56.94% of fruit with symptoms of MPC, 50% of fruits with 5.5 cm diameter and 27.75% when inoculated with ≥ 7 cm in diameter, is only... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Libri sul tema "Fungicide"

L, Sanders Patricia, Curtis C. R, Ragsdale Nancy N. 1938- e National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (U.S.), a cura di. Overview fungicide assessment project. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (NAPIAP), 1991.

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L, Sanders Patricia, e National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (U.S.), a cura di. Fungicide resistance in the United States. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (NAPIAP), 1991.

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Green, Maurice B., e Douglas A. Spilker, a cura di. Fungicide Chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0304.

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S, Heaney, British Crop Protection Council e British Society for Plant Pathology., a cura di. Fungicide resistance: Proceedings of a symposium organised by the British Society for Plant Pathology in association with the British Crop Protection Council and held at the University of Reading on 28-30 March 1994. Farnham: BCPC Registered Office, 1994.

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C, Bergstrom Gary, Kucharek Thomas, Hickey Kenneth D, Gubler W. Douglas, Hartung Jill, Alford Harold, Johnston Stephen A et al., a cura di. Fungicide benefits assessment. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (NAPIAP), 1991.

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Sha jun ji: Fungicide. Beijing Shi: Hua xue gong ye chu ban she, 2009.

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Thind, T. S. Fungicide resistance in crop protection: Risk and management. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 2011.

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Ishii, Hideo, e Derek William Hollomon, a cura di. Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8.

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1927-, Delp Charles Joseph, e American Phytopathological Society, a cura di. Fungicide resistance in North America. St. Paul, Minn: APS Press, American Phytopathological Society, 1988.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Fungicide"

Krafsur, E. S., R. D. Moon, R. Albajes, O. Alomar, Elisabetta Chiappini, John Huber, John L. Capinera et al. "Fungicide". In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1550. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3915.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Fungicide". In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 330. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5354.

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De Miccolis Angelini, Rita Milvia, Stefania Pollastro e Franco Faretra. "Genetics of Fungicide Resistance". In Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens, 13–34. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8_2.

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Wade, M., e C. J. Delp. "The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee". In ACS Symposium Series, 320–33. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0421.ch022.

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Hollomon, Derek William. "Fungicide Resistance: 40 Years on and Still a Major Problem". In Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens, 3–11. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8_1.

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Gisi, Ulrich, e Helge Sierotzki. "Oomycete Fungicides: Phenylamides, Quinone Outside Inhibitors, and Carboxylic Acid Amides". In Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens, 145–74. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8_10.

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Takagaki, Makiichi. "Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitors". In Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens, 175–80. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8_11.

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Fujimura, Makoto, Shinpei Banno, Akihiko Ichiishi e Fumiyasu Fukumori. "Histidine Kinase Inhibitors". In Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens, 181–97. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8_12.

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Ziogas, Basil Nicholas, e Anastasios Andreas Malandrakis. "Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors: C14 Demethylation (DMIs)". In Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens, 199–216. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8_13.

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Debieu, Danièle, e Pierre Leroux. "Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors: C-4 Demethylation". In Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens, 217–31. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8_14.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Fungicide"

ПИМОХОВА, Людмила, Lyudmila PIMOKHOVA, Жанна ЦАРАПНЕВА, Zhanna TSARAPNEVA, Нина Хараборкина e Nina Kharaborkina. "FUNGICIDE ZANTARA AGAINST THE MAIN LUPIN DISEASES". In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-45-49.

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The main harmful disease of white and narrow-leafed lupin is anthracnose. High effective fungicides should to be used to protect its crops. Under field conditions the fungicide Zan-tara (1.5 l/ha) showed the high productivity (91.3%) against this disease. The fungicide is effective against fusaria, sclerotinia and botrytis too. Its use allows protect crops of culti-vated lupin species against diseases’ complex and significantly decrease yield losses.

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Jacobsen, Barry J., Ken Kephart e Alice Pilergam. "INTEGRATING FUNGICIDE SEED, IN-FURROW FUNGICIDES AND FUNGICIDE BAND APPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVED CONTROL OF RHIZOCTONIA CROWN AND ROOT ROT". In 37th Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2013.42.

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Sweets, Laura E. "Fungicide Seed Treatments". In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-298.

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Vlajic, Slobodan, Jelica Gvozdanovic - Varga, Stevan Masirevic, Maja Ignjatov, Dragana Milosevic e Gordana Tamindzic. "EFIKASNOST RAZLIČITIH FUNGICIDA U SUZBIJANJU PROUZROKOVAČA PLAMENJAČE SPANAĆA". In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.369v.

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Powdery mildew of spinach cause significant damage in agriculture production reducing the value usage of the leaves. Considering that there are no registered fungicides for controlling the powdery mildew of spinach in the Republic of Serbia, the aim of the research was to examine various fungicides for preventive and therapeutic usage. The study included seven synthetic and one biological fungicide. The lowest intensity of infection in preventive (0.10%) and therapeutic (0.33%) treatment was found when using a combination of active substances famoxadone + cimoxanil. However, when choosing and applying fungicides in spinach, special attention must be dedicate to the withdrawal period of the formulated products.

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Robertson, Alison. "Fungicide use on corn". In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-248.

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Semwal, Vivek, e Banshi D. Gupta. "Surface Plasmon Resonance and Molecular Imprinting Polymer based Fiber Optic Dicloran Sensor". In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.5p_a410_13.

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Dicloran (2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline), a chlorinated nitroaniline fungicide, is used to prevent the different crops from fungal spore germination [1]. According to studies, excess of fungicides is very dangerous for human health as well as for the environment and causes many diseases such as birth defects, neurological disorders, liver damage, cancer and hormone disruption [2, 3]. Therefore, a quick, low cost and highly sensitive sensor is required for the detection of dicloran. The aim of this work is designing of a highly selective sensor to determine the dicloran in biological and environmental samples.

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Mueller, Daren. "Fungicide resistance in field crops". In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-151.

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Yanase, Yuji. "DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL FUNGICIDE, PENTHIOPYRAD". In 37th Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2013.103.

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Hanna, H. Mark, Alison Robertson, W. Mark Carlton e Robert E. Wolf. "Foliar fungicide application techniques on soybeans". In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-846.

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Sharipova, M. Yu, e I. E. Dubovik. "ASSESSMENT OF FUNGICIDE TOXICITY BY ALGOINDICATION METHOD". In Международная научно-практическая конференция почвоведов, агрохимиков и земледелов, посвященная 90-летию почвоведения на Урале "Почвы Урала и Поволжья: экология и плодородие". Уфа: Башкирский государственный аграрный университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/3-6-6-2021-185-188.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Fungicide"

Kassel, Paul C. Soybean Fungicide Demonstration. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-386.

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Shtienberg, Dan, William Fry, Amos Dinoor, Thomas Zitter e Uzi Kafkafi. Reduction in Pesticide Use in Plant Disease Control by Integration of Chemical and Non-Chemical Factors. United States Department of Agriculture, maggio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613027.bard.

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The long term goal of this research project was to improve control efficiency of Alternaria diseases while reducing fungicide use, by integration of chemical and non-chemical factors. Non-chemical factors were genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fertilizers. The Specific objectives were: 1) To quantify changes in resistance among genotypes and over time in terms of disease development and specific phases of the disease cycle; 2) To quantify the effects of fertilizers applied to the foliage alone, or in combination with a fungicide, on disease development; 3) To quantify the relative contribution of genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fungicide type to the reduction of disease development; 4) To develop a strategy for integration of chemical and non-chemical factors which will achieve optimal disease suppression. The influence of physiological age of cotton plants and of the individual leaves, on disease incidence and on the rate of lesion expansion of A. macrospora was examined on leaves sampled from the field. Both parameters increased with the physiological age of individual leaves but were not affected by the age of the whole plant. The hypothesis that enrichment of the foliage with nitrogen and potassium may enhance host resistance to Alternaria and thus reduce disease severity, was examined for potato and tomato (A. solani ) and for cotton (A. macrospora ). Under controlled environment conditions, application of urea or KNO3 resulted in some reduction in disease development; however, foliar application of both nutrients (8-10 sprays in total) did not affect Alternaria severity in the field. Systemic fungicides against Alternaria (e.g. , tebuconazole and difenoconazole) are more effective than the commonly used protectant fungicides (e.g. mancozeb and chlorothalonil). Concepts for the integration of genotype resistance, age-related resistances and fungicide for the suppression of Alternaria diseases were developed and evaluated. It was found that reduction in host resistance, with age and among genotypes, can be compensated for by adjusting the intensity of fungicide applications, i.e. by increasing the frequency of sprays and by spraying systemic fungicides towards the end of the season. In, moderately resistant cultivars protection can be achieved by spraying at longer intervals than susceptible cultivars. The concepts for integration were evaluated in field trials for cotton, potatoes and tomatoes. By following these concepts it was possible to save up to five sprays out of 8-10 in a growing season.

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Kassel, Paul C., e Joshua L. Sievers. Soybean Fungicide Evaluation Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-260.

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Christians, Nick, e Dan Strey. Kalo Fungicide/Adjuvant Trial. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-58.

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Bestor, Nathan R., Rebecca Ritson, Daren S. Mueller, Alison E. Robertson, Matthew E. O'Neal e Palle Pedersen. Fungicide-Insecticide Study on Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1012.

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Bestor, Nathan R., Daren S. Mueller, Alison E. Robertson, Rebecca Ritson e Matthew E. O'Neal. Fungicide-Insecticide Study on Soybeans. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1062.

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Fawcett, Jim, Lance Miller, Lyle Rossiter, Wayne Roush, Josh Sievers, Micah Smidt e Matt Schnabel. On-Farm Soybean Fungicide Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1121.

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Bestor, Nathan R., Rebecca Ritson, Daren S. Mueller, Alison E. Robertson, Matthew E. O'Neal e Palle Pedersen. Fungicide-Insecticide Study on Soybeans. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1267.

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Lang, Brian, e Ken Pecinovsky. Foliar Fungicide in Oat Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1456.

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