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1
Seron, M. Fundamental limitations in filtering and control. London: Springer, 1997.
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2
Seron, María M., Julio H. Braslavsky e Graham C. Goodwin. Fundamental Limitations in Filtering and Control. London: Springer London, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0965-5.
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3
Seron, María M. Fundamental Limitations in Filtering and Control. London: Springer London, 1997.
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4
Kagaku Gijutsu Shinkō Kikō. Kenkyū Kaihatsu Senryaku Sentā. Nanoerekutoronikusu kiban gijutsu no sōsei: Bisaika, shūsekika, teishōhi denryokuka no genkai toppa o mezashite = Construction of fundamental technologies for nanoelectronics : towards a technological breakthrough overcoming limitations in scaling, integration and power consumption reduction. Tōkyō: Kagaku Gijutsu Shinkō Kikō Kenkyū Kaihatsu Senryaku Sentā, 2009.
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Kagaku Gijutsu Shinkō Kikō. Kenkyū Kaihatsu Senryaku Sentā. Nanoerekutoronikusu kiban gijutsu no sōsei: Bisaika, shūsekika, teishōhi denryokuka no genkai toppa o mezashite = Construction of fundamental technologies for nanoelectronics : towards a technological breakthrough overcoming limitations in scaling, integration and power consumption reduction. Tōkyō: Kagaku Gijutsu Shinkō Kikō Kenkyū Kaihatsu Senryaku Sentā, 2009.
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Balabanova, Evgeniya, E. Voynikanis e A. Minbaleev. Permissible limits of copyright restrictions in the context of domestic, foreign and international law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1859604.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The monograph is devoted to the study of the problem of determining the permissible limits of copyright restrictions on works of science, literature and art. Limitations of exclusive rights to copyright objects, as well as their protection, have a serious impact on the formation of the general cultural context of the intellectual space and the socio-economic development of society as a whole. The free use of copyright objects acts as one of the key creative incentives and is of fundamental importance for balancing the interests of participants in legal relations arising in connection with the creation and use of works. An attempt has been made to carry out a comprehensive analysis of international, foreign and domestic experience of legal regulation in the field under consideration, covering both theoretical and practical aspects, in the context of historical retrospect and taking into account current trends in the development of modern copyright. A wide range of issues related to the functioning of the mechanism for limiting exclusive copyrights, modeling the system of criteria used to assess the permissibility of restrictions within the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-American legal traditions are considered. Special attention is paid to the development of new approaches to understanding possible ways to adjust the current legal regulation (many proposals for improving civil legislation are reflected). Based on the study of the limits of limitation of exclusive copyrights, the conceptual foundations for the formation of a restrictive mechanism have been developed, as well as a system of factors of fundamental importance for determining the nature of its functioning has been formulated.
For a wide range of readers interested in copyright issues. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.
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Viljanen, Jukka. The European Court of Human Rights as a developer of the general doctrines of human rights law: A study of the limitation clauses of the European Convention on Human Rights. Tampere: Tampere University Press, 2003.
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Fundamental Limitations in Filtering and Control. Springer, 2011.
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Burris, Scott, Micah L. Berman, Matthew Penn, and e Tara Ramanathan Holiday. Constitutional Limitations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190681050.003.0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter introduces the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause by discussing its history, judicials interpretations, and application to public health issues. It reviews the fundamental equal protection doctrine—similarly situation person must not receive disparate treatment. It also describes the definitions and usage of suspect and quasi-suspect classes and the levels of scrutiny courts may apply to while reviewing equal protection claims. Using cases such as Craig v. Boren and City of New York v. New St. Mark’s Baths to illustrate, the chapter also examines the application of the equal protection clause to public health issues. The chapter highlights factors that have historically led to equal protection violations by public health officials.
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James A, Green. Part III The Limitations and Role of the Persistent Objector Rule, 8 Maintaining Exemption: ‘Fundamental’ Norms and Extra-Legal Factors. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A notable minority critique of the persistent objector rule is that the rule is not supported by actual state practice. The first part of this book dismissed these critiques. This chapter explores the ‘softer’ versions of the persistent objector rule. The first is that persistent objection is not permissible in relation to particularly ‘fundamental’ customary international law norms, even those that have not attained jus cogens status. This claim has most commonly been made with regard to norms of customary international human rights law. The chapter then turns to a related claim made by critics of the persistent objector rule, which is that it is commonly unavailing, not just in the face of especially ‘fundamental’ norms, but in general.
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Harris-Short, Sonia, Joanna Miles e Rob George. 8. Fundamental Principles in the Law Relating to Children. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199664184.003.0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter, which focuses on alternative approaches to child-related disputes and their influence on English law, first considers the welfare principle and its central role in child law today. It addresses the problems and limitations of the principle, and then looks at alternatives to a welfare-orientated approach. The chapter examines children's rights as an alternative to a welfare-orientated approach. It explores the different theoretical perspectives on the concept of children's rights; the extent to which this approach has gained acceptance within domestic family law; and the importance of the ‘non-intervention’ principle and the possible tension between a commitment to maximizing children's welfare whilst supporting only a minimalist role for the state, including promoting family dispute resolution in the private realm.
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Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.1 General Provisions, General Provisions I: Arts 1.1–1.3—Fundamental principles, Art.1.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This commentary focuses on Article 1.1, which deals with freedom of contract, the most important fundamental principle of contract law for contracts governed by the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC). Art 1.1 restates a general principle of law in the technical sense; that is, a principle common to the laws of all — or at least most — jurisdictions in the world. All modern contract laws recognize freedom of contract, albeit for different reasons and to varying degrees. Art 1.1 covers two aspects of contractual freedom: the first is the freedom to decide whether to conclude a contract at all, and with whom; the second is the freedom to contract on the terms desired by the parties. Limitations of the freedom to determine the content of the contract follow from mandatory rules of the PICC.
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Kelly, Benjamin. Repression, Resistance and Rebellion. A cura di Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando e Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.29.
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This chapter reconstructs the legal underpinnings of repressive responses to fundamental threats to the Roman political order: sedition, conspiracies, riots and provincial revolts. It outlines the legal and ethical limitations on state power that were invoked in relation to acts of repression. It argues that there was a tension in Roman civilization between ideas about the appropriate limitations on the exercise of state violence against the individual and the need to deal with fundamental political threats. With the growth of autocracy in the later Empire, the ethics of rulers’ responses to fundamental threats to the political order came to be emphasized rather than the legal rights of the rebellious. The chapter argues that attempts were made to downgrade legally or discursively the civic statuses of individuals accused of threatening the political order. Such attempts aimed to reduce concerns about repressive actions that would have been considered illegal or unethical.
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Burris, Scott, Micah L. Berman, Matthew Penn, and e Tara Ramanathan Holiday. Public Health Advocacy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190681050.003.0017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter explores the basic components of the many ways that individuals and organizations introduce their policy preferences into law and practice. The chapter describes the basic steps in developing and implementing a program of advocacy, specifically comparing the Collective Impact Model and the Collaborating for Equity and Justice Framework. It also explores the fundamental debate about the public health advocacy process and reviews legal limitations on political advocacy by public employees and tax-exempt organizations, limitations that have important effects on how advocacy works in public health practice.
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Kovacs, William J., e Sergio R. Ojeda, a cura di. Textbook of Endocrine Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199744121.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The sixth edition of this highly popular text retains its comprehensive coverage of endocrine basics from previous editions while featuring entirely new chapters on several topics, including the assessment of endocrine function, sexual differentiation, growth regulation, the thyroid, the adrenals, and calcium homeostasis. Chapters have been updated and reorganized to make information easily accessible in concise form, and new figures and tables have been added to enhance the presentation of complex concepts. Fundamental principles of endocrine physiology are reinforced with illustrative examples from clinical observation and the limitations of current knowledge are properly identified. The ideal resource for students entering the field, the Textbook of Endocrine Physiology aims to provide for all a solid basis in fundamentals of endocrinology and for some, inspiration for the pursuit of advanced medical or graduate studies in the field.
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Computational Limitations for Small Depth Circuits (ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award). The MIT Press, 1987.
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Frank, Jill. The Political Theory of Classical Greece. A cura di John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig e Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article explores the conception of political theory in classical Greece. It discusses the works of classical political theorists Homer, Plato, and Aristotle and suggests that their works provide the best answers to the fundamental questions of politics. Modern and contemporary political theorists, like the Greeks, are also concerned with the possibilities, responsibilities, and the limitations of a political life. However, while modern theorists orient their analyses of the political to one particular axis of inquiry, the Greeks theorized politics by drawing all of these axes together.
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Gibbs, John C. Moral Development and Reality. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878214.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Moral Development and Reality explores the nature of morality, moral development, social behavior, and human connection. By comparing, contrasting, and going beyond the prominent theories mainly of Lawrence Kohlberg, Martin Hoffman, and Jonathan Haidt, the author addresses fundamental questions: What is morality, and how broad is the moral domain? Can we speak of moral development (Kohlberg, Hoffman), or is morality entirely relative to diverse cultures (Haidt)? What are the sources of moral motivation? What factors account for prosocial behavior? What are the typical social perspective-taking limitations of antisocial youths, and how can those limitations be remedied? Does moral development, including moments of moral inspiration, reflect a deeper reality? Exploring these questions elucidates the full range of moral development, from superficial perception to a deeper understanding and feeling. Included are foundations of morality and moral motivation; biology, social intuitions, and culture; social perspective-taking and development; the stage construct and developmental delay; moral exemplars and moral identity; cognitive distortions, social skills deficiencies, and cognitive behavioral interventions or moral education; and, finally, near-death experiences and the underpinnings of the social and moral world.
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Hicks, Hamilton, e Srinivas Muvvala. Methadone Maintenance versus Detoxification and Psychosocial Treatment for Opioid Dependence. A cura di Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, Vinod H. Srihari e Michael E. Hochman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0048.
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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on substance use disorders. The study authors tackle a fundamental question in the treatment of opioid dependence. Should patients with opioid dependence be treated with methadone maintenance treatment or prolonged and psychosocially enriched methadone-assisted detoxification? Starting with that question, this chapter describes the basics of the study, including the funding source, study location, who was studied, number of study participants, study design, study interventions, follow-up, study endpoints, results, as well as criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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van Gelder, Jean-Louis. Dual-Process Models of Criminal Decision Making. A cura di Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder e Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter discusses the application of dual-process and dual-system models to offender decision making. It is argued that these models offer a more accurate account of the decision process than the traditional choice models in criminology, such as rational choice and deterrence models, and can overcome their various limitations. Specific attention is devoted to the hot/cool perspective of criminal decision making, which takes the dual-process hypothesis as a point of departure. This model is rooted in the idea that both “cool” cognition and “hot” affect, or thinking and feeling, guide behavior and that understanding their interaction is fundamental for understanding how people make criminal choices.
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Yarnell, Stephanie, e Ellen Edens. Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidities. A cura di Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, Vinod H. Srihari e Michael E. Hochman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chapter 20—The Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidities provides a summary of a landmark study in epidemiology, the The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). This chapter study sought to answer some fundamental questions. How common are comorbid psychiatric conditions? What are the prevalence and severity rates for comorbid anxiety, mood, impulse control, and substance use disorders? Starting with these questions, this chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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Loudermilk, Brandon C. Psycholinguistic Approaches. A cura di Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron e Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The fundamental goal of the study of sociolinguistic cognition is to characterize the computational stages and cognitive representations underlying the perception and production of sociolinguistic variation. This chapter discusses psycholinguistic approaches in four sections. The first section discusses different methods for examining how dialectal variation is represented, perceived, and learned. The second section reviews studies investigating the role of sociolinguistic stereotypes in speech processing. The third section explores the attitudinal aspects of language variation by presenting two recent studies using innovative variations of the matched-guise technique. It concludes by introducing the implicit association test, which may be able to address some of the limitations of alternative methods. The fourth section reports on studies that use eye tracking and event-related brain potentials to investigate sociolinguistic cognition.
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Tenney, James. Introduction to “Contributions toward a Quantitative Theory of Harmony”. A cura di Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker e Michael Winter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038723.003.0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
James Tenney presents the introduction to his 1979 essay “Contributions toward a Quantitative Theory of Harmony.” In this introduction, Tenney discusses the history of consonance/dissonance, paying attention to the semantic problem, relations between pitches, qualities of simultaneous aggregates, and contextual as well as operational and functional senses of consonance/dissonance. He also explores the structure of harmonic series aggregates, focusing on harmonic intersection and disjunction, harmonic density, and harmonic distance and pitch mapping. Finally, he considers problems of tonality by analyzing harmonic-melodic roots and the “tonic effect,” along with harmonic (chordal) roots, the “fundamental bass,” and a model of pitch perception in the auditory system. In an epilogue, Tenney describes new harmonic resources as well as prospects and limitations of his contributions.
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Bianconi, Ginestra. Centrality Measures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Defining the centrality of nodes and layers in multilayer networks is of fundamental importance for a variety of applications from sociology to biology and finance. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art centrality measures able to characterize the centrality of nodes, the influences of layers or the centrality of replica nodes in multilayer and multiplex networks. These centrality measures include modifications of the eigenvector centrality, Katz centrality, PageRank centrality and Communicability to the multilayer network scenario. The chapter provides a comprehensive description of the research of the field and discusses the main advantages and limitations of the different definitions, allowing the readers that wish to apply these techniques to choose the most suitable definition for his or her case study.
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Peter W, Hogg, e Amarnath Ravi. Part VI Constitutional Theory, E Dialogue Theory and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Ch.49 Understanding Dialogue Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter discusses Charter dialogue theory, tracing its evolution within the academic literature, as well as how it has been interpreted by Canadian courts. The authors define the concept of Charter dialogue, or legislative responses to decisions of Canadian courts involving fundamental human rights and freedoms. They describe the features of the Canadian Charter which make the process of Charter dialogue possible, as well as its limitations. The chapter tells how the concept of Charter dialogue addresses concerns with the process of judicial review, and the criticisms that have been levelled against Charter dialogue theory. The authors also describe how the concept of Charter dialogue has been interpreted by Canadian courts. Specifically, they discuss how Charter dialogue has impacted the remedial decisions of courts, and how these decisions impact subsequent responses from legislatures.
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Lopes, Dominic McIver. Aesthetic Theory and Aesthetic Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796657.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is currently a great deal of fundamental disagreement in research into aesthetic response. The remedy is ideally integration, wherein researchers in the different aesthetic sciences and humanistic studies converge on a common conception of what they are trying to explain, even if they continue to disagree about how to explain it. If it is to be successful, this convergence will require that researchers in both the scientific and humanistic disciplines be sensitive to the limitations that are inherent in each of these two different approaches. On the one hand, we should not expect a conception of aesthetic response that is productive for research across disciplines to be given a precise a priori definition. On the other hand, aesthetic science must acknowledge that aesthetic response is embedded in critical practice, about which the humanities have a lot to say.
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Messmer, Michelle N., Colleen S. Netherby e Scott I. Abrams. Unique Challenges Facing Immunotherapy of Metastatic Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The immune system serves as an integral checkpoint to developing malignancies. However, when cancer ultimately becomes detectable, this implicates an inherent failure of effective immune control. One constant theme in cancer biology has been the ability of these “diseases,” in particular, ovarian cancer, to compromise immune-mediated mechanisms of neoplastic control. These empirical observations have subsequently laid the scientific foundation to investigate ways in which the immune system can be reengaged as a powerful therapeutic weapon, singly or in combination with other modalities. This field has been coined “cancer immunotherapy” and, importantly, strong progress has been made to date to justify its feasibility and potential merit. This chapter focuses on the fundamental immunologic principles that have guided the development of the cancer immunotherapy concept, as well as details both the successes and the limitations of cancer immunotherapy in patients with metastatic ovarian cancer.
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Freilich, Charles D. Primary Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602932.003.0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chapter 11 presents the primary conclusions derived from the proceeding chapters, as a basis for the national security strategy proposed in chapter 12. The conclusions are divided into four categories, general, politico-military, military, and domestic policy. The chapter also discusses the pitfalls involved in recommending a national security strategy, such as physical and political feasibility; limitations stemming from the absence of classified information; and possible normative biases. The chapter begins by setting out Israel’s vital national security objectives, that is, a core set of fundamental, essentially immutable interests, and then a variety of lesser, though still highly important, ones, some relatively permanent, others that change with circumstances. It further presents a number of “policy instruments” of such importance, for example, preserving the strategic relationship with the United States, that they can be considered vital objectives in their own right and are thus part of the basis for the proposed strategy.
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Frédéric Gilles, Sourgens, Duggal Kabir e Laird Ian A. Part V Safeguarding the Process, 11 Exclusionary Rules of Evidence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198753506.003.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter outlines the exclusionary rules of evidence. In the context of investor-state arbitration proceedings, all evidence proffered by the parties is admitted into the record in the absence of exceptional circumstances. A party seeking to exclude evidence typically carries the burden to convince the tribunal that it should exclude the evidence in question. In seeking to do so, it will have to meet a reasonably high standard of proof. Consequently, exclusion of evidence is warranted only in the limited circumstances when its inclusion would violate another party’s right to be heard, the equality of the parties, or fundamental principles of international public policy. Given the exceptional nature of excluding relevant and material evidence in international arbitration, the burden is on the party seeking to exclude evidence. The exceptional nature of these limitations indicates the premium placed by international arbitration on the free evaluation of evidence by the arbitrators.
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Pruzan, Peter. Spirituality as a Firm Basis for Corporate Social Responsibility. A cura di Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Abagail McWilliams, Jeremy Moon e Donald S. Siegel. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article focuses primarily on how to operationalize corporate social responsibility—how to integrate it into the corporation's vocabulary, policies, stakeholder communications, and reporting systems. It argues that in order for an organization and its members to be able to experience an obligation to live up to their social responsibility, an organization must address the following three fundamental questions. The first question asks what responsibility is. The second asks whether organizations can be responsible or not. Finally, the third asks why should organizations be responsible. This article briefly addresses these inquiries. In particular, based on theoretical reasoning and empirical research in the form of interviews with leaders from six continents and fifteen countries, it is argued that true responsibility, both by leaders and their organizations, is grounded in a perspective on leadership—spiritual-based leadership—that transcends the (self-imposed) limitations of economic rationality.
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Birks, Daniel. Computer Simulations. A cura di Gerben J. N. Bruinsma e Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, the field of social simulation has been dominated by the individual, or agent-based, computational model (ABM). ABMs provide unique means to explore complex social systems by allowing researchers to construct explicit models of the individual actors and interactions that make them up - people, peer groups, companies, nations, trade, reproduction, victimization, and so on, This chapter aims to provide the reader with a primer in the social simulation method and in particular the application of ABM in the field of environmental criminology. It begins by discussing the rationale behind the ABM approach. Subsequently, drawing on two illustrative simulations, it summarizes fundamental processes involved in designing, constructing, verifying, calibrating, validating, and utilizing ABM. It concludes by discussing some of the overarching strengths and limitations of the approach, and by discussing several areas of research that might aid in furthering the use of ABM within the field of environmental criminology.
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Sidhu, Kulraj S., Mfonobong Essiet e Maxime Cannesson. Cardiac and vascular physiology in anaesthetic practice. A cura di Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter discusses key components of cardiovascular physiology applicable to clinical practice in the field of anaesthesiology. From theory development to ground-breaking innovations, the history of cardiac and vascular anatomy, as well as physiology, is presented. Utilizing knowledge of structure and function, parameters created have allowed adequate patient clinical assessment and guided interventions. A review of concepts reveals the impact of multiple physiological variables on a patient’s haemodynamic state and the need for more accurate and efficient measurements. In particular, it is noted that a more reliable index of ventricular contractility is the end-systolic elastance rather than the ejection fraction. Constant direct preload assessment has not yet been achieved but continues to be determined through surrogate variables, and continuous cardiac output monitoring for oxygen delivery, although advancing, has limitations. Considering the effect of compound factors perioperatively, especially heart failure, modifies the goals and interventions of anaesthetists to achieve improved outcomes. Therefore, medical management prior to surgery and complete assessment through history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are a priority. This chapter also details the expectations following volume expansion to augment haemodynamics during surgery, the concept of functional haemodynamic monitoring, and limitations to the parameters applied in assessing fluid responsiveness. Challenging the accuracy of conventional indices to predict volume status led to the use of goal-directed therapy, reducing morbidity and minimizing length of hospital stay. The mainstay of this chapter is to reinforce the relevance of advances in haemodynamic monitoring and homeostasis optimization by anaesthetists during surgery, using fundamental concepts of cardiovascular physiology.
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Suganami, Hidemi, Madeline Carr e Adam Humphreys, a cura di. The Anarchical Society at 40. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779605.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hedley Bull’s The Anarchical Society was published in 1977. Though considered as one of the classics in International Relations, it does not address many world political issues that concern us deeply today—volatile great power relations after the end of the Cold War, the rise of terrorism, financial crises, climate change, the impact of the Internet, deep-rooted racial inequalities, violence against women. Moreover, through the evolution of International Relations as an academic pursuit, various limitations of the type of approach followed by Bull are coming to light. Against this background, eighteen contributors to this collection, with diverse intellectual orientations and academic specializations, have revisited Bull’s book forty years on to assess its limitations and resilience. A number of contributors point to certain fundamental problems stemming from Bull’s a historical conceptual theorizing. However, several others find arguments and insights developed or hidden in his text which are still relevant, in some cases, highly so, to understanding contemporary world politics while others explore ways of augmenting Bull’s intellectual repertoire. An intricate tapestry of ideas emerges from the criss-crossing contributions to the volume and, through this, it becomes clear that there is more to The Anarchical Society than the ‘international society’ perspective with which it is conventionally associated. The contemporary relevance of Bull’s work is clearest when we recognize the flexibility of his conceptual framework and, in particular, the often overlooked potential of his concept of the ‘world political system’ of which, Bull acknowledges, modern international society is only a part.
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Edwards, Michael, John Kitchen, Nikki Moran, Zack Moir e Richard Worth. Fundamentals of Music Theory. The University of Edinburgh, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ed.9781912669226.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This open e-book is the result of a project funded by a University of Edinburgh Student Experience Grant, Open e-Textbooks for access to music education. The project was a collaboration between Open Educational Resources Service, and staff and student interns from the Reid School of Music. As a proof-of-concept endeavour, the project aimed to explore how effectively we could convert existing course content into convenient and reusable open formats suitable for use by staff and students both within and beyond the University. The resulting e-book presents open licensed educational materials that deal with the building blocks of musical stave (sometimes known as staff) notation, a language designed to communicate about musical ideas which is in use around the world. The resources in this e-book include video lectures and their transcripts, as well as supporting text explanations, examples and illustrations. The materials introduce topics such as the organisation of discrete pitches into scales and intervals, and temporal organisation of musical sounds as duration, in rhythm and metre. These rudiments are presented through an introduction to the elements of five-line stave notation, and through critical discussion of the advantages and limitations served by notational systems in the representation and analysis of musical sounds. This serves as the basis of further explanations, to illustrate musical concepts including key, time signature, harmonisation, cadence and modulation. We anticipate that subsequent versions of this e-book will update and develop the contents and presentation of the materials, following the success of this student-led collaboration.
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Fein, Elizabeth. Living on the Spectrum. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479864355.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Autism is a deeply contested condition. To some, it is a devastating invader, robbing families of their children and sufferers of their personhood. To others, it is a form of neurodiversity, a fundamental and often valued aspect of identity that is more similar to race or gender than to disease states. How do young people coming of age with an autism spectrum diagnosis make sense of this conflict in the context of their own developing identity? The book addresses this question through sustained ethnographic engagement, informed by both clinical psychology and anthropology, within communities where people on the autism spectrum come together to live, learn, work, love, and play. Using an approach known as clinical ethnography, the book tracks neuroscientific discourses as they are adopted, circulated, and transformed among those affected by Asperger’s syndrome and related autism spectrum conditions. Dominant ways of talking about autism, whether as invasive disease or as hardwired neurogenetic identity, share a fundamental presupposition: that the healthy self is sharply bounded and destroyed if it is altered. However, the subjective experiences of youth on the spectrum exceed the limitations of these medical models. Reaching beyond medicine for their narratives of difference and disorder, these youth draw instead on shared mythologies from popular culture and speculative fiction to conceptualize their experiences of discontinuous and permeable personhood. In doing so, they also pioneer more inclusive understandings of what makes us who we are.
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Sen, Mrinal K. Seismic Inversion. Society of Petroleum EngineersRichardson, Texas, USA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781555631109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Seismic inversion is now commonly used on post-stack and pre-stack seismic data for estimating rock properties used in reservoir characterization. While seismic migration is aimed at imaging the reflectors or the interfaces at their correct subsurface locations, seismic inversion attempts to estimate elastic and flow properties of the layers bounded by these interfaces. Seismic data are sensitive essentially to seismic wave velocity and density contrasts in the subsurface rocks. Because of significant overlap in elastic properties among different rock types, mapping of these elastic properties to rock types and estimating porosity are not trivial. Thus, seismic inversion is best done by combining data of all types such as seismic, well log, petrophysics and production history. The results of seismic inversion can be best interpreted by a team of geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers. The goal of this book is to explain the fundamental principles of seismic exploration, seismic wave propagation, and inversion in a language that is understandable by geoscientists and engineers alike so that the team is aware of the significance and limitations of the inversion results.
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Zuckert, Catherine. The Straussian Approach. A cura di George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The “Straussian” approach to the history of political philosophy is articulated primarily in the writings of Leo Strauss. Strauss wrote extremely careful, detailed studies of canonical philosophical works along with essays explaining his approach. The most controversial claim Strauss made was that philosophers in the past did not always present their thoughts openly and explicitly. They used an “art of writing” to entice potential philosophers to begin a life of inquiry by following the hints the authors gave about their true thoughts and questions. The overriding purpose of Strauss's own studies was to prove that philosophy in its original Socratic form is still possible by showing the persistence of certain fundamental problems throughout the history of philosophy. The most pertinent of those problems, not merely to political philosophy but to human life as a whole, was the problem of justice. Strauss also insisted that “historicism” is based on a philosophical account of the character and limitations of human knowledge and that it can be refuted, therefore, only on the basis of a philosophical argument.
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Sottiaux, Stefan. Terrorism and the Limitation of Rights: The ECHR and the US Constitution. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2008.
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Gordon, Jeffrey N., e Wolf-Georg Ringe, a cura di. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Law and Governance. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This handbook offers a comparative and functional overview of corporate law and governance. It examines the shift from corporate law to corporate governance — from a largely legal emphasis to one that focuses on the corporation’s inputs, outputs and how they are managed and, ultimately, the ways in which governance interacts with other institutional elements that comprise a capitalist system. It also discusses the conventional goals and mechanisms of corporate governance, along with their limitations when applied to banks; the roles and functions of the board of directors, how boards fail, and the reforms that have been tried to improve their performance; how mergers and acquisitions are regulated; and the functions of corporate accounting and financial reporting worldwide. Other chapters deal with the ‘corporate law’ issues involved in the regulation of takeovers; the relationship between corporate governance and employment relations; fundamental issues of corporate insolvency law; legal and policy issues relating to transactions between a corporation and one of its ‘related parties’; current trends in the regulation and practice of executive remuneration; corporate governance in closely held corporations; and economic benefits and costs of external and internal asset partitioning in corporations.
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Cameli, Matteo, Partho Sengupta e Thor Edvardsen. Deformation echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Echocardiographic strain imaging, also known as deformation imaging, has been developed as a means to objectively quantify regional and global myocardial function. First introduced as a post-processing feature of tissue Doppler imaging velocity converted to strain and strain rate, strain imaging has more recently also been derived from speckle tracking analysis. Tissue Doppler imaging yields velocity information from which strain and strain rate are mathematically derived whereas two-dimensional speckle tracking yields strain information from which strain rate and velocity data are derived. Data obtained from these two different techniques may not be equivalent due to limitations inherent with each technique. Speckle tracking analysis can generate longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain measurements and left ventricular twist. Although potentially useful, these measurements are also complicated and frequently displayed as difficult-to-interpret waveforms. Strain imaging is now considered a robust research tool and has great potential to play many roles in routine clinical practice. This chapter explains the fundamental concepts of deformation imaging, the technical features of strain imaging using tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking, and the strengths and weaknesses of these methods.
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Phillips, Lawrence M., e Leslee J. Shaw. Cost Effectiveness of Imaging with Nuclear Cardiology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter focuses on the economic data available for cardiovascular (CV) imaging. The total costs of testing are substantively lower than those associated with invasive procedures. There are several ongoing randomized trials, such as the PROMISE trial, that may further add to our evidence base on the cost implications of CV imaging. Data for stress nuclear cardiology supports its utility in terms of a high prognostic accuracy and that this test is economically attractive; notably for patients with a high likelihood of coronary artery disease. Data also supports that this benefit does not only include patients with known coronary artery disease but also the high likelihood subsets of the elderly or functionally impaired where ischemic findings play a fundamental role in ischemia-guided management. Importantly, more recent data support that alternative testing strategies have reduced cost in subsets of patients including lower risk women with stable chest pain and in the acute evaluation of low risk chest pain in the ED. Negative evidence is extremely important for the field of CV imaging and this more recent data should be embraced as defining our limitations in nuclear cardiology.
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Cheney, Phil, e Andrew Sullivan. Grassfires. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643096493.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Grassfires: Fuel, Weather and Fire Behaviour presents information from CSIRO on the behaviour and spread of fires in grasslands. This second edition follows over 10 years of research aimed at improving the understanding of the fundamental processes involved in the behaviour of grassfires.
The book covers all aspects of fire behaviour and spread in the major types of grasses in Australia. It examines the factors that affect fire behaviour in continuous grassy fuels; fire in spinifex fuels; the effect of weather and topography on fire spread; wildfire suppression strategies; and how to reconstruct grassfire spread after the fact. The three meters designed by CSIRO for the prediction of fire danger and rate of spread of grassfires are explained and their use and limitations discussed.
This new edition expands the discussion of historical fires including Aboriginal burning practices, the chemistry of combustion, and the structure of turbulent diffusion flames. It also examines fire safety, including the difficulty of predicting wind strength and direction and the impact of threshold wind speed on safe fire suppression. Myths and fallacies about fire behaviour are explained in relation to their impact on personal safety and survival.
Grassfires will be a valuable reference for rural fire brigade members, landholders, fire authorities, researchers and those studying landscape and ecological processes.
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Hillier, Tim, e Gavin Dingwall. Criminal Justice and the Pursuit of Truth. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529203189.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Criminal Justice is popularly conceptualised as a pursuit of the truth. This book considers the extent to which this view reflects reality by exploring a number of key themes. The ‘pursuit of truth’ suggests an obtainable, single truth and the book considers the extent to which truth is a far more complex, nuanced phenomenon. Often the criminal process appears to be more about constructing a narrative and telling a convincing story. The book explores the extent to which a pursuit of truth can conflict with other values such as justice and the protection of human rights, with particular focus on illegally obtained evidence and confessions. The concluding chapters discuss the extent to which the pursuit of truth has shaped the modern trial process and assesses alternative approaches to criminal justice including restorative justice and truth commissions. The conclusion highlights some fundamental themes in the book and points to the limitations of the current criminal justice system not only in terms of establishing truth but in terms of realising significant social benefit. Three areas of focus are taken to assess the current system’s ability to find the truth: blame, juvenile justice, and the pursuit of justice. The book argues that the current criminal process adopts a person, rather than a system, approach to bad events with a focus on identifying individuals to blame rather than addressing the wider problems resulting from crime.
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Gershman, Samuel. What Makes Us Smart. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691205717.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. This book makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, the book shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, the book presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, the book demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, the book delves into the successes and failures of cognition.
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Terrorism and the Limitation of Rights: The Echr and the Us Constitution (Human Rights Law in Perspective). Hart Pub, 2008.
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Infection Risk and Limitation of Fundamental Rights by Animal-To-Human Transplantations. EU, Spanish and German Law with Special Consideration of English Law. Verlag Dr. Kovac, 2010.
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Furst, Eric M., e Todd M. Squires. Microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We present a comprehensive overview of microrheology, emphasizing the underlying theory, practical aspects of its implementation, and current applications to rheological studies in academic and industrial laboratories. Key methods and techniques are examined, including important considerations to be made with respect to the materials most amenable to microrheological characterization and pitfalls to avoid in measurements and analysis. The fundamental principles of all microrheology experiments are presented, including the nature of colloidal probes and their movement in fluids, soft solids, and viscoelastic materials. Microrheology is divided into two general areas, depending on whether the probe is driven into motion by thermal forces (passive), or by an external force (active). We present the theory and practice of passive microrheology, including an in-depth examination of the Generalized Stokes-Einstein Relation (GSER). We carefully treat the assumptions that must be made for these techniques to work, and what happens when the underlying assumptions are violated. Experimental methods covered in detail include particle tracking microrheology, tracer particle microrheology using dynamic light scattering and diffusing wave spectroscopy, and laser tracking microrheology. Second, we discuss the theory and practice of active microrheology, focusing specifically on the potential and limitations of extending microrheology to measurements of non-linear rheological properties, like yielding and shear-thinning. Practical aspects of magnetic and optical tweezer measurements are preseted. Finally, we highlight important applications of microrheology, including measurements of gelation, degradation, high-throughput rheology, protein solution viscosities, and polymer dynamics.
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Çolak, Alper H., Simay Kirca e Ian D. Rotherham, a cura di. Ancient Woods, Trees and Forests. Pelagic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53061/kzad4079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As trees age, they become ecologically richer and more full of life. The process of a tree, wood or forest becoming ‘ancient’, however defined, involves a vast and subtle web of relations – among the trees themselves, with other organisms, with the wider landscape and with human beings. A single tree can provide a vast array of habitats which are an integral part of the complex co-evolutionary relationships evolved over its lifetime and later during its sometimes long afterlife. From ancient times until today, trees and woods have inspired artists, writers and scientists; they have shaped cultures and reverberated through belief systems. Yet worldwide, forest cover has declined dramatically over the last 1,000 years, and what remains has been more or less altered from its original condition. Today, ‘virgin forests’ are only to be found at a few sites unreachable by humans, and even then they are affected by climate change, atmospheric pollution and species extinctions. The aim of this book is to help an understanding of the web of connections relating to ancient trees and woodlands, and to offer techniques to ensure effective conservation and sustainability of this precious resource. This book considers the key issues from a range of different aspects and varied geographical locations, beginning with fundamental concepts and reflecting on the strengths and limitations of the idea of ancient trees. Individual chapters then deal with cultural heritage, the archaeology of trees, landscape history, forest rights, tree management, saproxylic insects, the importance of dead wood, practical conservation and monitoring, biodiversity, and wood pasture among many other themes. Fresh perspectives are put forward from across Europe as far as Turkey, as well as Great Britain. Overall, given the urgent need to discover, understand, conserve and restore ancient woodlands and trees, this publication will raise awareness, foster enthusiasm and inspire wonder.
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Lane, Chadrick, e Mohini Ranganathan. Effectiveness of Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenia. A cura di Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, Vinod H. Srihari e Michael E. Hochman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0039.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE). Phase 1 of CATIE evaluated whether there are measurable differences in effectiveness between antipsychotics (risperidone vs. olanzapine vs. ziprasidone vs. quetiapine vs. perphenazine) in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Starting with that question, the chapter describes the fundamentals of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many participants were included, research design, interventions, follow-up, endpoints, outcomes, as well as criticisms and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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Stokke, Andreas. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825968.003.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
we know to tell many lies that sound like truth,but we know to sing reality, when we will.Hesiod, Theogony 27–28 (trans. M. L. West)Human cooperation and development are underwritten by a practice of information sharing. Given our limited lifespan and point of view, we are dependent on information acquired from others. Our limitations concern both the world and the minds of others. No one can investigate every corner of the universe, or even of their own neighborhood, and we cannot always tell what someone is thinking just by looking at their face. We depend on others to share information with us both about the world and their thoughts. By far, most of the information we acquire from others we acquire from testimony. Language is our best tool for sharing information. This system of using language to overcome our cognitive limitations relies fundamentally on sincerity. In the most ordinary case ...