Tesi sul tema "Fruits rouges"
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Talavera, Séverine. "Étude de la biodisponibilité d'anthocyanosides issus de fruits rouges". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF1PP02.
Testo completoSenez, Julien. "Méthodologies analytiques appliquées au contrôle qualité de jus concentrés de fruits rouges". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10116.
Testo completoGammacurta, Marine. "Approches sensorielle et analytique de l'arôme fruité des vins rouges : infuence relative des levures et des bactéries lactiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0353/document.
Testo completoAlcoholic (AF) and malolactic (MLF) fermentations are important steps in red winemaking for the revelation of wine fruity aroma. To investigate the relative importance of fermentative microorganisms, we studied the influence of six yeasts/lactic acid bacteria (LAB) combination - three yeast strains, two LAB - on Bordeaux red wines fruity notes modulation. A first analytical approach showed the predominant influence of yeast strain on the concentration of more than 70 potential fruity note markers. Special study of esters showed a yeast strain effect since the end of FA that persists over time, despite MLF and changes caused by wine aging. Sensory studies also highlighted the major influence of yeasts on red wines fruity aroma modulations at different aging steps. Nevertheless, results suggested the role of other aromatic compounds in fruity note modulation, not quantified in the first part of this study. The study of fractions made by HPLC with wine organic extracts enables the identification of an interested fraction involved in aromatic variations related to the yeast strain. Analysis of this fraction by gas chromatography has not allowed identifying compounds involved in these organoleptic variations. However, we highlighted a thiophenone that could act as a mask of fruity aroma and a hydroxylated ester that could be an interesting marker of bacterial activity. Its role as enhancer of fruity esters aroma is also considered
Haddaoui, Asmaa. "Dégradation des pigments anthocyaniques des jus de fruits rouges par les activités [Bêta]-glycosidasiques présentés dans les préparations pectinolytiques industrielles d'origine fongique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL151N.
Testo completoDavidson, Morag. "Éco-extraction de composés bioactifs à partir de marcs de fruits rouges & étude de leur impact sur l'homéostasie intestinale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0020.
Testo completoSince 2010, 100 million tons of red fruits have been produced globally each year. 20% of wastes result from their first industrial transformation, which includes the seeds and the skins, known as pomace. While spreading and animal feeding are common ways to valorise these wastes, they are also a potential source of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds (fibres, proteins, polyphenols, minerals & poly-unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, tocols). Therefore, it is interesting to design simultaneous extraction processes to extract simultaneously all of these biomolecules to fully exploit their biological activities.This thesis aimed to achieve two goals. The first goal was to develop an innovative extraction process by combining the use of an enzyme(s) with the use of ultrasounds to extract simultaneously, in an aqueous medium, the hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds of red fruit pomaces. The second goal was to assess in vitro the prebiotic properties of the extracts.The thesis was divided into four successive steps: (i) the characterisation of the proximate compositions of the raspberry, strawberry, blackberry and black currant pomaces, (ii) the design of one or several eco-extraction process(es), (iii) the global chemical characterization of the “eco-extracts” and (iv) the in vitro assessment of their potential prebiotic properties.The design of the eco-extraction process was divided into three steps. First, three enzymes (a cocktail of glycohydrolases, an acid protease and an alkaline protease) were tested, alone or sequentially combined. Secondly, the selected enzymatic systems were associated with ultrasounds, either simultaneously (enzyme + ultrasounds) or sequentially (enzyme → ultrasounds and ultrasounds → enzyme). The choice of the enzymatic system(s) and their combination with ultrasounds was based on their extraction efficiencies, ease of implementation and innovative character compared to existing literature. Finally, the selected combination(s) were optimised by an experimental design (Definitive Screening Design) by adjusting six parameters comprising three levels: ultrasound amplitude, pH, enzyme/substrate ratio, solid/liquid ratio, extraction time and temperature.The simultaneous combination “alkaline protease-ultrasounds” was selected and optimised for the raspberry, strawberry and blackberry pomaces. All of the polyphenols, with 75% of their antioxidant capacities, and 75% of the oil present in the pomaces were extracted in a single step in an aqueous medium. The optimised simultaneous combination “acid protease-ultrasounds” extracted 75% of the polyphenols, with the totality of the anthocyanins, and 50% of the oil of the black currant pomace.The eco-extracts demonstrated prebiotic properties towards probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) by favouring their growth. This makes them potential candidates for the nutraceutical industry. The eco-extracts could be integrated into dietary complements to maintain or restore the intestinal microbiota balance
Dandache, Israa. "Evaluation et caractérisation des effets anticancéreux de fruits rouges riches en polyphenols dans des modèles de cancer colorectal et de leucémie lymphoïde chronique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ037.
Testo completoThe evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of different fruit juices, naturally rich in polyphenols, on four different colorectal cancer cell lines proved that cranberry juice was the most active. Indeed, cranberry polyphenols induce apoptosis associated with the overexpression of two important proapoptotic transcription factors, p73 and FOXO3a on one hand. Furthermore, it has been also correlated with a decrease in the expression of SIRT1, the deacetylase of several non-histone proteins such as p73, KU70 and FOXO. Other early events such as ROS production and DNA damage, which are known to regulate the expression of SIRT1 were confirmed. The second study aims at validating the potential anticancer effects in an in vivo model of colorectal cancer in BALB/c mice injected subcutaneously of murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. Accordingly, we chose the black chokeberry juice, which showed an interesting cytotoxic profile in vitro. The analysis of tumors demonstrated that the administration of chokeberry juice leads to a reduction in tumor cell proliferation. Finally, the significant increase in the mobility of LC3 suggests the activation of autophagic cell death. To validate the clinical use of polyphenols, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of blueberry polyphenols on lymphocytes of CLL patients. Our results show that the polyphenolic extract induces an oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis that involve various pro-apoptotic proteins in cells of patients with CLL but not in healthy subjects
Piombino, Paola. "Contribution à la connaissance de la nature des composés volatils responsables des odeurs de fruits rouges de l'arôme du vin, par des méthodes sensorielles et instrumentales". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS008.
Testo completoBoissenot, Eric. "Incidences du climat, des sols et du comportement de la vigne sur les caractères analytiques et organoleptiques des vins rouges du Haut-Médoc : relation avec la maturation du raisin". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR20543.
Testo completoAllamy, Lucile. "Recherches sur les marqueurs moléculaires de l’arôme de « fruits cuits » des raisins et des vins rouges issus des cépages Merlot et Cabernet-Sauvignon : Approches sensorielle, analytique et agronomique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0362/document.
Testo completoIn the 2000s, aromas of dried fruits, referring to prune, fig or cooked peach are found more and more often in Bordeaux red wines. The markers responsible for these aromas related to the grape maturity are unknown. Firstly, we show that these shades, which were rarely encountered in wines from an appellation named A in this study, are now part of the distinctive aromas of these wines. However, the tasters that assimilate these characteristics to the distinctive aromas and the type of the appellation tend to get mistaken between the cooked fruit aromas from young wines and the ones from the oxidized character of prematurely aged wines. The GC-O, GC-MS and GC-GC-MS analysis of musts and wines, that had shades of cooked fruits aromas, allowed to confirm the realness of a scented area reminding of the scent of the samples. The analysis by GC-MS of number of must and wine samples show that the furaneol (caramel), the γ-nonalactone (coconut, cooked peach), the (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one (geranium) take part in this aroma. We also reveal the presence of a lactone type compound having a cooked fruit aroma, but not identified so far. The influence of the (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one has been identified for the first time in musts. The influence of the harvest date of Merlot and Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes on the aromas and fine composition of musts and wines is also specified. Winemaking processing of grapes that have been late harvested, even with a withered appearance produces wines with shades of cooked fruits aromas and high content of furaneol and γ-nonalactone
Cameleyre, Margaux. "Contribution à l’étude de l’expression aromatique fruitée des vins rouges : Importance du niveau pré-sensoriel dans les interactions perceptives". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0947/document.
Testo completoA lot of studies highlighted the perceptual role of esters in fruity aromatic expression of red wines, demonstrating that at least partially it was due to perceptive interactions. Indeed, a lot of synergistic and masking effects have been brought to light in the past. However, the origin of these interactions remains unknown, although some authors suggested several levels where they can take place. In this goal, an analytical tool was developed to study the possible occurrence of esters volatility modifications. The application of this tool allowed determining partition coefficients of 9 esters in dilute alcohol solution and in dearomatized red wine. Thanks to perceptive interactions previously demonstrated by various authors, the application of this analytical tool highlighted modifications of esters volatility when compounds were mixed together in the solution. These modifications support the observations made with sensory analysis, indicating the existence of pre-sensorial effects. The use of a new tool consisting in a tasting glass with 2 compartments, reveals that these volatility changes may led to true sensorial modifications. Masking effect of fruity aroma due to 5 higher alcohols but also 15 wood by-products was highlighted using various aromatic reconstitutions. Esters partition coefficients calculation showed volatility modifications from the matrix to the gas phase. These data may be correlated with sensorial analysis results. Thus, it is possible to explain, at least partially, fruity aroma masking effect highlighted through detection threshold and sensory profile thanks to decrease in esters presence in headspace, and so a decline of taster’s olfactory stimulation. To conclude, our work showed that the mixture of volatile compounds in solution may result in modification of molecules volatility, and furthermore highlighted that these pre-sensorial interactions may impact fruity aromatic expression related to esters
Lytra, Georgia. "Importance des interactions perceptives dans l’expression de l’arôme fruité typique des vins rouges". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21986/document.
Testo completoMost of volatiles involved in red wines’ fruity expression are present at levels below or close to their individual perception thresholds. Given the existence of perceptive interactions between them, it is very difficult to determine their real impact on wine aroma. Rather than assessing the olfactive behavior of mixtures prepared from pure products, the main goal of this work was to highlight and study the impact of perceptive interactions on wine fruity aroma expression using various aromatic reconstitutions prepared from wine fractions. Sensory profile analyses identified significant differences among aromatic reconstitutions for the intensity of some descriptors, as particular "additive" or "masking" effects. The composition of the involved fractions was then studied by instrumental methods. The final target was to investigate the impact of fraction components on fruity aroma by preparing aromatic reconstitutions and using sensory reconstitution tests, to assess the role of these compounds on the perceptive interactions previously observed. Further analysis revealed that ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate, eluted in fraction which had an "additive" effect on the black-berry and fresh fruity aroma, does not play a direct role as a key compound in red wine aroma. In contrast, our findings highlighted its indirect contribution to wine aroma, showing that this ester contributed to a synergistic effect, enhancing the perception of fruity character. Finally, it was clearly demonstrated that this compound acts as a natural enhancer for black-berry and fresh fruit notes in red wine. It was also established that diacetyl, acetoin, acetic acid and γ-butyrolactone together played the same hypo-additive role as fractions of which they were eluted, presenting a "masking" effect on fresh fruity aroma. The impact of the last three compounds was demonstrated conclusively, even at subthreshold concentrations. These findings highlighted the existence of new remarkable perceptual interactions impacting overall and fresh-fruit aroma perception. The particular behavior, in a fruity mixture, of ethyl-propanoate, ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate, butyl acetate and 2-methylpropyl acetate, present at subthreshold concentrations, was demonstrated. The presence of ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate and 2-methylpropyl acetate in mixture led to a significant decrease of the olfactory threshold of fruity pool confirming their synergistic effect in the overall increase intensity. These compounds with close chemical structures, participate, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in the modulation of red wines’ fruity aromas acting as natural enhancers of black-berry and fresh-fruit aromas
Antalick, Guillaume. "Bilan biochimique et sensoriel des modifications de la note fruitée des vins rouges lors de la fermentation malolactique : rôle particulier des esters". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21792/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to study the role of malolactic fermentation (MLF) on the fruity aroma of red wines. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) modify wine composition but there is no consensus concerning this aromatic group specifically. In opposition to empirical ideas on MLF, this work has demonstrated the absence, in short-term, of a “lactic-mask” although this kind of olfactory interaction may still occur in a later stage of wine development. Nevertheless, the existence of a smoked/toasted reduction-like mask note was proved. Its characterization has not been done in this work. The survey of the main fruity markers of wine (70 compounds) was made possible by the development of several gas chromatography coupled with solid-phase microextraction analytical methods (esters, C13-norisoprenoids, lactones, thiols). In particular, the creation of an “ester database” (32 compounds) has improved the detection of variations during LAB development in terms of analysis robustness. In fact, changes on esters contents are proved to be responsible for a major part of fruity notes evolution during MLF. Initially, this fermentation allows both synthesis and hydrolysis of esters as a consequence of esterase activity. Moreover, it promotes late-production of ethylic esters through the catabolism of certain aminoacids. Esterases specificity towards nature and size of the esters carbon chain is pointed out along with substrates availability, partially related to yeast activity.The study of the influence of both LAB strains and yeast/bacteria co-inoculation has confirmed microorganisms interactions and wine matrix composition to be of the great importance
Pineau, Bénédicte. "Contribution à l'étude de l'arôme fruité spécifique des vins rouges de Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Merlot noir et Cabernet-Sauvignon". Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21484.
Testo completoTrujillo, Marine. "Rôle des caractères génétiques de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae et de la composition de la vendange sur la production d’esters lors de la fermentation alcoolique : Effet des gènes codants pour les estérases et du niveau de maturité des raisins sur les caractéristiques chimiques et sensorielles des vins rouges". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0454.
Testo completoA lot of studies highlighted the perceptual role of esters in fruity aromatic expression of red wines, demonstrating that at least partially it was due to perceptive interactions. The synthesis of these esters can be affected by the yeast making the alcoholic fermentation but also by other parameters, more technological, such as the level of maturity of the harvest. In addition, few studies have been conducted to validate the physiological role of esters for yeast.In order to more precisely highlight the role of these factors in the synthesis of esters, deleted yeast strains of the major esterases have been constructed, and tested in fermentation in an oenological environment, in merlot and tempranillo musts harvested at two different maturities. Thus, the concentration of each linear and substituted ester could be determined in each vinification modality.The study of the different deletion mutants allowed, for the first time, to validate the role of the main esterases in the synthesis of linear esters in yeast but also the demonstration of two genes, not yet studied in oenological conditions, on the synthesis of substituted esters. The analysis of the genetic expression of the esterase deletion in yeast has also validated that these genes allow a true physiological stability of the yeast under stressful conditions.The impact of the degree of maturity of the harvest has been studied both in wines fermented with a standard commercial yeast but also fermented with a yeast deleted from the 4 main esterases. Advanced maturity, merlot grapes only, results in a 50% drop in linear ester content with standard yeast, which is no longer observed with the mutant yeast. This decrease in the concentration of linear esters in these mature Merlot wines is well correlated with a decrease in their fruity perception.In addition, aromatic reconstitutions made in these matrices made it possible to validate the total involvement of esters in the perception of the fruity aroma of red wines made with matrices of normal maturity. On the other hand, for mature merlot wines, there are other compounds besides esters that could explain the sensory differences observed in these wines.Finally, a transcriptomic approach is implemented to try to shed light on the factors that cause ester production changes as a function of the maturity level of merlot grapes. It has emerged that the maturity effect does not exist alone but is well combined with the progress of alcoholic fermentation. The overall effect of the matrix that can explain the differences observed between merlot wines
Garbay, Justine. "Etude de l’arôme fruité des vins rouges via les interactions perceptives entre composés volatils d’intérêt dans le contexte de changement climatique pour le vignoble bordelais". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0078.
Testo completoThe fruity aroma of red wines is described by a wide range of descriptors, ranging from fresh fruits to ripe and jammy fruits, to candied fruits and prunes notes. The fruity quality of a red wine is characterized by notes of fresh and jammy red- and black-berry fruits. Although many sensory attributes are mentioned in the literature, knowledge regarding the qualitative fruity aroma of red wines in relation to their chemical composition still requires further investigation. However, at least one component of this fruity expression reflects perceptual interactions primarily involving esters, as well as other families of aromatic molecules. In recent years, changes in the fruity expression of Bordeaux red wines, characterized by the emergence of notes of cooked and dried fruits, have been reported and correlated with climate change. Thus, technicians in the wine industry and scientists emphasize the need to take precautions to preserve the fresh fruity aroma of Bordeaux red wines. One adaptation strategy involves introducing late-ripening grape varieties selected for their potentially suitable vegetative cycle under future climatic conditions into Bordeaux vineyard. This thesis proposes a better understanding of the fruity aroma of red wines derived from Bordeaux grape varieties, as well as those cultivated around the Mediterranean basin, simulating the future climatic conditions in Bordeaux. Through sensory approaches, it has been demonstrated that Bordeaux red wines exhibit similarities with red wines derived from grape varieties grown around the Mediterranean in terms of their fruity character. A detailed characterization of the contribution of volatile compounds of interest in the perception of fruity notes has been conducted. Perceptual interactions between compounds from the monoterpene and C13 norisoprenoid families, mixed with esters, have revealed the importance of these compounds in the perception of fruity notes. Finally, the addition of these volatile compounds to a red wine shows a decrease in cooked fruit notes and an increase in fresh black-berry fruits notes. This research opens up new perspectives in oenology, such as controlling the levels of these compounds of interest through various practices, as well as the potential introduction of "new" grape varieties into Bordeaux wine blends
Anjar, Lahsen. "Organisation spatiale et vie rurale sur le Piémont du Haut Atlas Occidental : cas des vallées d'Imintanoute, Province de Chichaoua (Maroc)". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0289.
Testo completoImintanoute valleys constitute an example of mountain valleys in Western Atlas undergoing severe crisis. Long considered a "place of refuge" by its inhabitants, the Imintanoute area - with its three aspects: mountain, piedmont and plain - now appears as a major "expulsion zone".Even though agriculture has diversified to some extent - based in the irrigated zones (bled targa) at the bottom of valleys and on the rainfed barley crops of the bled bour* (rainfed agricultural area), together with breeding and diversified fruit tree crops (almond and olive trees) as a source of complementary income for farmers - obvious signs of crisis appear today. Subsistence agriculture suffers from persistent draughts, lack of irrigation, a very low average yield rate per hectare, the gradual degradation of fruit tree crops and the decline of breeding. The traditional community and the area of Imintanoute have undergone profound changes. Most of the old irrigation systems (naoura and sania) have been abandoned or replaced by power pumps. That modern technology has transformed the landscape of the bled targa and possibly even of the bled bour*. All villages without exception are affected by emigration. Many young people are driven out from their douars by poverty. Today, new social, economic, cultural and political structures have changed the behaviours and the ways of life of the populations. In view of those changes, hope rests on the new motorway from Marrakech to Agadir and on still other projects to redynamize the economy and thus improve the quality of life of the Aït Imintanoute
Rouleau, Marie-Josée. "L'omniprésence de la figure maternelle : les positions de Mélanie Klein dans Des petits fruits rouges et de La déferlante d'Amsterdam de Yolande Villemaire". Thèse, 2011. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2144/1/030259010.pdf.
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