Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Fruits – Qualité – Teneur en pesticides"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Fruits – Qualité – Teneur en pesticides":
Assogba, Komlan, Sikirou Rachidatou, Adrien Boko, Charlotte Adje, Victoire Ahle, Raymond Vodouhe, Assa Ayémou, Enoch Achigan e Prudent Anihouvi. "Pratiques culturales et teneur en éléments anti nutritionnels (nitrates et pesticides) du Solanum macrocarpum au sud du Bénin". African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, n. 15 (7 luglio 2007): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.15.ipgri2-3.
Kinsou, Eliane, Abdou Madjid Amoussa, Armel Clément Goudjo Mensah, Julien Koffi Kpinkoun, Françoise Assogba Komlan, Hyacinte Ahissou, Latifou Lagnika e Christophe Bernard Gandonou. "Effet de la salinité sur la floraison, la fructification et la qualité nutritionnelle des fruits du cultivar local Akikon de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) du Bénin". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, n. 2 (23 giugno 2021): 737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.27.
Tesi sul tema "Fruits – Qualité – Teneur en pesticides":
Sahyoun, Wissam. "Analyse de pesticides dans les fruits et légumes : développement analytique et application de méthode QuEChERS, d-SPE et GC-MS/MS". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR082.
Due to the widespread use of pesticides, a fraction of pesticide residues are present in fruits and vegetables. Pesticide contamination of food has become one of the serious problems. Global pesticide consumption has increased over the past decade due to continued population growth and rapid urbanization. Pesticides are highly toxic and long-term exposure to these chemicals causes health risks including neurological and respiratory diseases.This study focuses on the evaluation of the concentration of 34 pesticides in 60 conventionally and organically grown vegetables and fruits from various origins. Among these samples, some were studied in different forms, with and without washing, with and without skin. The purpose of the latter is to evaluate whether there is a simple gesture to reduce the content of pesticides in fruits and vegetables and thus reduce the health impacts of consumers.The work focuses firstly on the optimization of the extraction method, purification and final analysis of the extracts. The extraction method QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Rugged, Effective and Safe) and the purification method d-SPE (dispersive Solid Phase Extraction) were used. The final extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) for the identification and quantification of each pesticide. The set of procedures has been optimized and it provides good sensitivity, selectivity, good yield that varies from 70% to 120%, and good precision with RSD <20%. The application of the method on real samples allows the determination of pesticides in 85% of the samples. The concentrations of pesticides detected in vegetables and fruits did not exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for the majority of pesticides. However, some pesticides were found at levels above MRLs for fruits and vegetables from Akkar in Northern Lebanon. Moreover, among the pesticides detected at high levels are those that have already been banned as in the case of Endosulfan. The results showed that some simple gestures can reduce the levels of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. Indeed, washing with tap water and peeling significantly reduce pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. Organically grown fruits and vegetables have lower pesticide concentrations than conventionally grown ones. Very low pesticide concentrations or in some cases concentrations below the limit of quantification were determined for organically grown fruits and vegetables
Issert, Véronique. "Application de la biochimiluminescence aux immunodosages de pesticides dans les fruits, légumes et vins : mise au point d'une méthodologie et d'une instrumentation". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20141.
Chabrol, Laurent. "Etude de la sorption de pesticides sur les sols : relations entre la qualité des eaux et les traitements phytosanitaires". Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0022.
Floch, Carine. "Les enzymes du sol : étude de leurs potentialités bioindicatrices de contaminations par des métaux et des polluants organiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30070.
The main objective of this research was to determine the potential bioindicator of certain enzymatic activities to characterize the functioning and quality of soil in the context of metal and organic pollutions (i. E. Pesticides and conventional, organic or biological, and integrated management strategies). In a first step, a methodology for the quantification in soils of phenol oxidase activities has been developed, and further study on its sensitivity towards certain metals has been performed. Thereafter, different approaches have been apprehended through incubation under controlled laboratory conditions and field observations, made at scales ranging from plot to landscape. The enzymes studied are involved in the functioning of the major biogeochemical cycles of C (cellulase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and phenol oxidase), N (arylamidase), P (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases, phosphodiesterase and phosphotriesterase) and S (arylsulfatase). The results have clearly demonstrated the variability of response patterns of enzyme activities, with the type of contamination and physical and chemical characteristics of soils. This underlines the difficulty for selecting universal enzymatic bioindicators of soil quality for a wide range of perturbations. However, some enzymes, such as arylamidases and phenol oxidases, proved repeatedly to be indicators especially sensitive to disturbance applied to the different soils of this study. An interesting continuation of this work would be to integrate such kind of study of these potential bioindicators in networks of soil quality measurement. Finally, other microbial parameters were also studied, the functional diversity of bacterial communities (Biolog® Eco) and bacterial and fungal densities, but they have proved to be less relevant as soil quality indicators with regards to enzyme activities
Bournonville, Celine. "Identification de gènes candidats impliqués dans la régulation de la teneur en acide ascorbique chez la tomate : impacts sur le potentiel antioxydant et la qualité post-récolte du fruit". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0039/document.
The ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential antioxidant in both plants and humans. Plant-derived AsA is the major source of vitamin C in the human diet. In addition to its effect on tomato nutritional value, increasing tomato AsA content would likely affect postharvest storage and resistance to pathogens of the fruit. While AsA metabolism is well characterized, the mechanisms involved in its regulation remain poorly understood. Recent studies in Arabidopsis leaves indicate that few regulatory proteins can regulate this pathway at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Still nothing equivalent has been described in fruits. In that aim, a forward genetic approach has been carried out to investigate the regulation of AsA in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. The screening of an EMS tomato mutant population in the miniature cultivar Micro-Tom for identifying mutant lines with AsA-enriched fruits was done. Among the 500 M2 mutant families screened, four mutant lines with higher AsA content ranging from 2.5 to 4 fold were selected. These mutant lines have been characterized for postharvest traits quality and showed promising results. A method based on NGS-mapping allowed the identification of the putative AsA-enriched related gene. Thus, the screening of EMS mutants led to original findings such as the discovery of new unexpected proteins regulating AsA in plants, and particularly in fruits. Our work confirms at the molecular level the direct interaction between light signaling component and the regulation of the AsA biosynthesis pathway
Bou, Khouzam Rola. "Développement de la méthodologie analytique et surveillance des contaminants dans le panier de la ménagère au Liban". Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3016/document.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the level of food contaminants, trace elements and pesticides residues, in four types of commodities bread, white cheese, vegetables and fruits, and drinking water considered as the most consumed by the Lebanese population based on the Food Basket Study on 2006. A multielemental method was optimized in terms of sensitivity and inference elimination by using high resolution sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP/MS) for the determination of 20 minor and trace elements in the selected foods to assess the nutritional contribution and the level of contamination. For pesticides residues analysis, an analytical method was developed for the quantification of residues in cheese (2-25% fat). Bread, vegetables and fruit were analysed according to the QuEChERS method. For the monitoring study, the samples were collected during two seasons, wet and dry, from five geographical regions in Lebanon
Al, Fata Nizar. "Conception et exploitation d’un dispositif expérimental instrumenté pour la prévision de la dégradation de la qualité nutritionnelle et de l’inactivation microorganismes dans les fruits et légumes transformés". Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0265/document.
Canning involves thermal treatments performed at high temperatures, which may alter nutrional quality of food products. Indeed, some vitamins, like vitamin C, are very heat sensitive.The aim of the project PREDINUT was to propose a decision support tool that predicts vitamin C (as indicator of nutritional quality) degradation in given conditions of time/temperature, in order to optimise processes.A thermoresistometer Mastia® was used to reach the temperature and pressure conditions encountered during canning. The impact of the variation pH, initial concentration of ascorbic acid or again partial pressure of oxygen in headspace, on ascorbic acid degradation was studied in model solution. Studies were also performed in apple puree, carrot puree and carrot juice in order to obtain a destruction profile of vitamin C in real foods. . The temperature range studied was from 95 to 125 °C, the fixed pH in model solution was from 2.5 to 5.5 in strict anaerobic conditions, and 3.5 in aerobic conditions (3.5 being the pH value of common fruits), initial concentrations of ascorbic acid varied from 150 to 900 mg/100mL, and the partial pressure of oxygen from 30000 to 100000 Pa. Foods were enriched in ascorbic acid (up to 450 mg/mL), and the pH value was not adjusted.Models were established to describe the kinetics of vitamin C degradation in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. En absence of oxygen ascorbic acid degradation was well described by a first order kinetics (except at pH = 4.5). In presence of oxygen the degradation speed increased with head-space oxygen’s partial pressure but very little with temperature. Apparent reaction orders varying from 0.5 to 0.75, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen in the headspace, fitted the data better than first-order.In foods, degradation kinetics of vitamin C appeared more complex, with eventual presence of plateaus followed by acceleration of the reaction. Definitely more knowledge on mechanisms is needed to predict ascorbic acid degradation in real foods
Adra, Fatima. "Etude des effets d’une élévation de température sur la croissance et le développement du pêcher : conséquences sur la qualité des fruits". Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0689.
The latest IPCC report clearly confirms the climate projections for increasing temperaturesand their variability at the end of the 21st century. The effects of climate changes in fruit yield andquality have been studied in a project funded by INRA (project CAQ40, Metaprogramme ACCAF).Experiments carried out on potted peaches placed in different climates (control, +2 ° C and + 5 ° C),allowed the identification of the processes (phenology, development, growth, photosynthesis,metabolism) most sensitive to rising temperatures and their consequences on the development andcomposition of fruits and the sustainability of production.Higher temperature has increased the demand for water, leading to a decrease in the waterpotential of the trees, which may have led to a concentration of the compounds of interest in thefruit. The reduction of leaf photosynthesis under high temperature conditions was related to theinhibition of photosynthesis by high temperatures and stomatal control related to water status.After flowering, the rise in temperature accelerates the vegetative growth, triggering a more rapidestablishment of leaf area. This early vegetative growth resulted in: (i) very rapid dynamics ofelongation of the axes in long shoot (ii) a more pronounced apical dominance, (iii) a decrease in theaxillary axial branching. In contrast the later heat treatment had an adverse effect on the initiationand differentiation of floral buds reducing the production potential in the following year.In addition, the increase in temperature after flowering resulted in a marked shortening ofthe fruit growth period, with an expected harvest date almost 3 weeks earlier. This shortening offruit growth duration has led to a decrease in the flow of carbon entering the fruit, penalizing itsgrowth and quality. The very different climates between the two experimental years resulted in ahigh variability in fruit composition between the two years of experimentation. In 2014, increasedtemperature during the early stage of fruit development or continuously led to the harvest ofsmaller fruit with higher concentrations and higher sucrose content. In 2015, the time durationbetween flowering and maturity was even shorter than in 2014, which could be linked to thewarmer climate of 2015. In 2015 fruits were less sweet and acidic than those of 2014. However, therise of temperatures at the end of fruit development in 2015 increased the levels andconcentrations of hexoses and sorbitol; this increase was partially due to a concentration effect butalso to an effect on fruit metabolism. Increased temperatures in the middle and at the end of fruitdevelopment also favoured the accumulation of malic and citric acid. The high temperatures did nothave much effect on vitamin C and either increased or decreased the levels of phenolic compounds.The effects of an increase in temperature on the metabolism are therefore very dependent on thestage of fruit development.The use of a Fruit‐scale model and a tree‐level (QualiTree) model could simulate both the effect ofthe environment and cultural practices on the growth and quality of the fruit, and give a moreintegrated view of the plant's functioning under environmental constraints
Boudesocque, Stéphanie. "Etude de la rétention du terbuméton et de son principal métabolite le terbuméton déséthyl dans les sols du bassin versant de la Vesle. Influence de la présence du cuivre(II). Application à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau". Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIMS025.
These works take place in the frame of the AQUAL project, a multi-field research program that aims at improving the quality of the water in the basin of the river Vesle. Our contribution to this program is twofold: to understand the mechanisms by which contaminants transfer from the soil to the aquifers and to reduce these transfers. The studied molecules are the terbumeton, a vineyard weed killer, and its main metabolite, the terbumeton desethyl. Indeed, the regular presence of these molecules in the water sources of the city of Reims raises some issues regarding the potable water resources. Thus, retention studies were undertaken on five soil samples which are representative of the Vesle basin: two samples from a naked vineyard soil, one sample from an under-bark vineyard soil, one sample from an under-grass vineyard soil and one sample from a field crop soil. We also studied the influence of copper(II) whose origin can be natural or anthropic. Before completing the sorption studies, we determined the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils. Both the under-grass vineyard soil and the field crop soil are rich in limestone and poor in clay whereas both the naked vineyard soil and the under-bark vineyard soil are rich in clay and poor in limestone. The retention of pesticides depends on the nature, the composition and the degree of vegetal cover of the soils. Besides, the presence of copper(II) has an influence on the retention of pesticides. In the part of our works dedicated to the reduction of the transfers, we performed, together with the company ARD (Pomacle, Marne), some adsorption experiments with the terbumeton and the terbumeton desethyl on a lignocellulosic substrate (LS). This biomaterial, extracted from wheat bran, can be used in place of activated carbon in order to clean up media contaminated by pesticides. Indeed, the retention capacities of the LS towards pesticides are very satisfactory, as well under a batch experimental process as under a column one
Desnoues, Elsa. "Du gène au phénotype : contrôle génétique et modélisation du métabolisme des sucres chez la pêche". Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG0667/document.
Fruit quality is a multi-criteria character with frequent antagonistic relationships. The perceptionof the fruit quality is highly dependent on the balance between the levels of sugars and acids. Among thethree so-called major sugars in fruit that are sucrose, glucose and fructose, fructose is the sweetest and itsconcentration is the factor that most affects the fruit sweetness. The objective of the present thesis is toanalyze the sugar metabolism in peach fruit from metabolic, enzymatic and genetic aspects and integrateinto a mathematical model all information obtained. This work focuses on the identification of the effect of alow fructose concentration on the whole sugar metabolism and the understanding of the mechanismsresponsible of this phenotype called ‘low-fructose-to-glucose-ratio’. A nearly exhaustive biochemicalcharacterization of sugar metabolism was conducted along peach fruit development. For this, 6 metabolitesand 12 enzyme capacities were assayed in 106 genotypes of a population derived from an interspecific cross.This study revealed a high stability of the enzyme capacities despite large variations of metabolites. Based ondata from 10 genotypes, a kinetic metabolic model that simulates the sugar accumulation in fruit wasdeveloped and validated. This model simulates contrasting phenotypes and helps in understanding theunderlying mechanisms of the ‘low-fructose-to-glucose-ratio’ phenotype. The biochemical characterizationof the population gave the opportunity to perform a QTL research. It highlighted the instability of the effectof certain loci along fruit development and QTL collocations of metabolites, enzyme capacities and candidategenes. It also confirmed the genomic region responsible for the ‘low-fructose-to-glucose-ratio’ phenotypewithin which a functional candidate gene was identified. It is a gene homologous to fructose vacuolartransporter (SWEET17) recently discovered in Arabidopsis. An analysis of this gene was engaged to validateits function and its responsibility in the ‘low-fructose-to-glucose-ratio’ phenotype. In the future, theintegration of the genetic control into the metabolic model will allow simulating virtual genotypes withdifferent combinations of alleles and predict their sugar content. Optimizing allele combinations to increasesugar concentrations in peach fruit will undoubtedly give new breeding opportunities