Tesi sul tema "Freins – Matériaux – Propriétés thermiques"
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Sansen, Pascal. "Formulation énergétique d'un critère de rupture locale d'un solide en thermoplasticité". Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-81.pdf.
Testo completoDufrénoy, Philippe. "Étude du comportement thermomécanique des disques de freins vis-à-vis des risques de défaillance : application au domaine ferroviaire". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10181.
Testo completoBrunel, Florent. "Étude thermomécanique du couple roue-semelle ferroviaire sous sollicitations de freinage". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-77.pdf.
Testo completoUne seconde modélisation est proposée permettant la prise en compte de la géométrie 3D de la semelle. L'originalité se situe dans la résolution thermique transitoire de la roue, basée sur un suivi temporel d'une section de roue suivie d'une reconstitution 3D. Les résultats permettent la prédiction des localisations sur toute la surface de frottement. L'utilisation conjointe de ces modèles permet de répondre à l'objectif de prédiction des gradients thermiques et de mise à disposition de moyens d'optimisation de la semelle. Pour le second objectif de prédiction de l'évolution des contraintes résiduelles dans les roues, la détermination de l'état initial, issu du traitement thermique, est nécessaire. Elle est réalisée à l'aide d'un modèle thermomécanique 2D axisymétrique. Le coefficient d'échange thermique, lors de la trempe, a été identifié sur un dispositif expérimental développé spécifiquement. Différentes simulations ont pu montrer l'importance du modèle de comportement du matériau de la roue sur la distribution des contraintes résiduelles, notamment la prise en compte des phénomènes visqueux. Les résultats indiquent une bonne prédiction de l'évolution des contraintes résiduelles, de compression après le traitement thermique puis leur passage en traction après freinages, en conformité avec les relevés expérimentaux. Des compléments sont en cours pour une meilleure identification du modèle de comportement du matériau de la roue
Wicker, Paul. "Influence des garnitures de frein sur les sollicitations thermiques des disques TGV et conséquences sur les risques de fissuration". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579663.
Testo completoAn, Tao. "Design, realization and study of bimetallic and metallic based composite materials with controlled architecture obtained by mixed process : additive manufacturing/foundry/powder metallurgy for heat exchange in braking systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR028.pdf.
Testo completoThe high and repeated thermal stresses during the braking of high-speed trains result in thermal fatigue cracks, leading to braking material failures. Composite braking pads based on copper (Cu) matrix in powder form are chosen to improve thermal dissipation of braking system. However, new international environmental standards require a reduction in Cu content, conflicting with maintaining the proper thermal properties. It is proposed in this work to utilize Cu foams architected with a continuous network in the form of a representative elementary volume (REV) enabling better control of heat flow. FEM numerical simulations are first carried out to investigate the feasibility of optimizing heat transfer ability by using Cu foams. Simulation results show that the thermal diffusivity considering REVs can be significantly improved. Especially locally, when the REV size is reduced. Thus, the following work focuses on reducing REV size of Cu foams produced by additive manufacturing (AM) assisted investment casting. Bimetallic pads based on Cu foams are then produced by a hot-pressing technology. Their thermal behavior of the produced pads is studied. Experimental results show that Cu foams with a REV size of up to 2 mm can be technically fabricated. In addition, a tribological test is also carried out. Cu foams with a reduced REV size can significantly optimize the heat transfer capacity of braking pads, in line with the numerical results. Finally, this new configuration demonstrates braking stability by promoting the formation of a third body
Jaisle, Jens-Wolf. "Comportement thermique des disques de frein". Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Jaisle.Jens_Wolf.SMZ9230.pdf.
Testo completoThe following theses examines the behaviour of disc brake rotors under different thermal charges, namely the temperature and deformation. It considers as well the possibilities to influence this behavior. The disc brake rotor is modelised in its environnement by the different ways of heat evacuation and heat injection, namely convection, conduction, radiation and heat flux due to the breaking maneuvers. As far as it concerns the heat evacuation by convection, it reveals to be the most difficult and complex problem to modelise since the convection is linked to aerodynamic flow-conditions around the disc brake rotor. A technique of subdivision of the rotor surface is applied, linking individual convection coefficients to certain sub-surfaces. The same technique is used for the modelisation of the radiation. The model is verified by bench tests. Also modifications of rotor-geometry are examined with respect to their influence on the thermal behavior of the disc brake rotor. This examination is performed using a statistical design method
Guazzagaloppa, Jérémy. "Matériaux super-isolants thermiques à propriétés thermoélectriques intégrées". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS086.
Testo completoIn the search of new sustainable energies, the issue of energy harvesting is essential. Heat loss is involved in most of the industrial processes, thus thermoelectricity has its full role to play in this search through the Seebeck effect which consists in converting a temperature gradient into an electrical current. A good thermoelectric material requires a high electrical conductivity σ and Seebeck coefficient α and a low thermal conductivity λ. However, despite recent advances in the field, the use of conventional thermoelectric materials on a large scale becomes difficult due to their toxicity, low abundance and high cost. The development of new materials that respect environmental considerations has thus become necessary. Hence, with the emergence of a new family of materials, namely organic thermoelectric materials, based on conductive polymers and gels (aerogels/xerogels), new perspectives are now possible. In the frame of these new advances, the aim of this work is to functionalize thermal super-insulating materials with a very low thermal conductivity by adding thermoelectric properties. This was first done by numerical simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) and classical molecular dynamics (MD), via different modules included in the Materials Studio software. This allowed us to numerically represent and validate the structure of our thermal insulating material, the Resorcinol/Formaldehyde (RF) xerogel. A doping process with 5 % in iron particles was then performed using MD calculations in order to evaluate the dispersion of the charges within the RF network and to represent numerically the doped material for a future study of its thermoelectric properties via a Boltzmann formalism.In a second step, the objective was to identify the optimal synthesis protocol as a function of the different synthesis parameters and the different conductive dopants. The study of the influence of a thermal treatment by pyrolysis then allowed the improvement of the electrical conductivity of the pure material having a very low figure of merit ZT=2.7×〖10〗^(-16), (ZT=α^2 σT/λ is a measure of the efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion). A study of doping was then carried out during the gelling process according to different loading rates in order to reach a percolation threshold. A figure of merit ZT=2.4×〖10〗^(-3) was then obtained with a doping level of 60 % in graphene oxide (GO). However, this type of dopant generates a very high synthesis cost, which explain why we investigated other types of charges, namely electrically conductive fibers. In that case, we obtained a ZT= 8.0×〖10〗^(-4) with a doping level of 10 % in oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers (PANOX). The assembly of the module and the realization of a test bench have made it possible to characterize the thermoelectric performance of our different materials. A power density of the order of 2 mW.m-2 was then obtained with the PANOX fiber-reinforced RF xerogel with a thickness of 1 cm and an surface area of 50 cm² for a temperature difference of 30°C. Thanks to this materials, we have identified an application as part of the thermal insulation of a hybrid vehicle battery in order to detect a failure associated with a vacuum loss. Finally, a study based on theoretical models has shown the interest of continuing research activities in order to improve the thermoelectric properties. We then considered the assembly of modules composed of 1000 junctions (pp) then (np) with target materials in order to reach higher power density levels of several W.m-2 and output voltages of several V to produce enough energy for the supply of auxiliaries such as sensors for example
Thomas, Benjamin. "Matériaux composites Argent/Carbone à propriétés thermiques adaptatives". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0140.
Testo completoDue to their high thermal conductivity, metal matrix composite materials reinforced with carbon allotropes exhibit a high potential application for thermal management in electronics. This work deals with the elaboration of new synthesis process to produce Ag/rGO (silver/reduced Graphene Oxide) and Ag/GF (silver/Graphite Flakes) composite materials. This process, based on “molecular level mixing” methods, makes it possible to obtain Ag/rGO composite powders with individualized nano-reinforcements up to a concentration of 1 % in volume. Applied to the synthesis of Ag/GF composite materials, it allows to synthesize dense composite materials with a graphite concentration up to 70 % in volume and with a thermal conductivity up to 675 Wm-1.K-1 (426 Wm-1.K-1 for pure silver). Moreover, it has been shown that Ag/GF powders elaboration process has a strong influence on the structural anisotropy of bulk materials as well as on the extrinsic thermal boundary resistance Ag-graphite. The process developed in this work allows Ag/GF composite materials to reach thermal conductivity up to 19 % higher than the same materials synthesized by conventional mixing powder process. However, like most metal/GF composite materials (with Cu, Al, Mg and Fe matrix), thermal expansion of Ag/GF composite materials shows “anomalies”. Indeed, the anisotropy of their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is opposed to their structural anisotropy, their CTE has an abnormally high dependence on temperature and these materials exhibit dimensional instability during thermal cycling. While it is commonly admit in literature that these “anomalies” are the consequence of internal stresses generated during materials densification (because of CTE mismatch between matrix and reinforcement), this phenomenon remains poorly understood and difficult to control. A significant part of this work is devoted to the study of these anomalies and especially to the study of the influence of matrix mechanical properties on composite materials thermal expansion. Thanks to EBSD, XRD, instrumented microhardness and microscopy analysis, key phenomena responsible of thermomechanical behavior of Ag/GF composite materials have been identified. Especially, it has been shown that a large part of the internal stresses is relaxed by plastic deformation of silver matrix and pseudo-plastic deformation of graphite during the post-densification cooling step of the materials. Thus, the control of mechanical properties of metallic matrix (especially of its elastic limit) makes it possible to attenuate the anomalies in CTE and confers a better dimensional stability to Ag / GF composite materials during thermal cycling. Finally, the addition of rGO in silver matrix of Ag/GF composites materials has also reduced material dimensional instability by up to 50 % thanks to the damping properties of rGO
Redares, Christian. "Contribution a l'étude du comportement thermique des batiments en régime transitoire : proposition de differents modèles simplifiés". Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0007.
Testo completoMeukam, Pierre. "Valorisation des briques de terre stabilisées en vue de l'isolation thermique de batiments". Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0287.pdf.
Testo completoIn this work, an experimental study was carried out in order to determine the properties of local materials used as construction materials. The thermal properties of lateritic soil based materials were deterrnined. The effect of addition of natural pozzolan or sawdust in lateritic soil brick on the thermal properties is examined. It was shown that the effect of incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is the decreasing of the thermal conductivity and density. The moisture content of these materials can modify their thermal performance. Thus a study of the influence of the water content on the thermal conductivity L and the thermal diffusivity a is presented. The effect of the increasing of cement content is to increase the thermal conductivity and to decrease the thermal diffusivity. The composite materials used for building shielding present sufficient mechanical strength and are suitable for constructions. The analysis is developed for the prediction of the temperature, relative humidity and water content behaviour within the walls. A numerical model HMtrans, developed for prediction of heat and rnoisture transfer in multi-Iayered building cornponents, is used to simulate the temperature, moisture content and humidity profiles within the building envelopes. The results allow the prediction of the duration of the exposed building walls to the local weather conditions. There is therefore minimum possibility of water condensation in the materials studied. The durability of buiIding envelopes made of lateritic soil bricks with incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is not strongly affected by the climate conditions in tropical and equatorial regions
Thomas, Matthieu. "Propriétés thermiques de matériaux composites : caractérisation expérimentale et approche microstructurale". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2075.
Testo completoSalome, Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de nouvelles méthodes de mesure des paramètres électriques et thermiques des matériaux : influence de l'humidité sur les propriétés électriques et thermiques des matériaux non métalliques". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10082.
Testo completoChamroune, Nabil. "Matériaux composites Aluminium/Carbone : architecture spécifique et propriétés thermiques adaptatives". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0140/document.
Testo completoMany carbon/metal composites are currently used in several applications. One of them concerns their use as heat sinks in microelectronics. Concerning this application, two conditions are required: a high thermal conductivity (TC) in order to evacuate the heat generated by the electronic chip and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) similar to the used material type of the electronic device (2-8×10-6 /K).Therefore, graphite flakes (GF; TC: 1000 W/m.K and CTE: -1×10-6 /K in the graphite plane) reinforced aluminum matrix (Al; TC: 217 W/m.K and CTE: 25×10-6 /K) composites were fabricated. These composite materials were fabricated by Powder Metallurgy (PM) and Flake Powder Metallurgy (FPM). This process, which consist to use a flattened metallic powder, helped to improve the in-plane orientation (perpendicular to the pressure direction) of GF under uniaxial pressure. Moreover, this process provided a better Al-C interface thanks to a planar contact between the matrix and the reinforcements. This resulted in an improvement of the CT from 400 W/m.K to 450 W/m.K for a reinforcement content of 50 vol.%. Nevertheless, regarding thermal dilation, CTEs of 21.8×10-6 /K and 21.7×10-6 /K were obtained by MP and FPM respectively, which is incompatible with the intended application.To overcome this problem, composite materials with multiple reinforcement were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering. Then, carbon fibers (CF) have been added to aluminum and graphite flakes. The addition of CF to GF reinforcement reduced significantly the CTE of the Al/(GF+CF) composites with a small proportion of CF, while preserving a high TC. In addition, the Al/(GF+FC) composite materials have significantly lower CTEs than the Al/CF composites with a equivalent vol.% of CF. Therefore, Al/(GF+CF) composite materials were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering to obtain a TC of 400 W/m.K (comparable to the TC of copper) and a CTE of 8×10-6 /K (comparable to the CTE of alumina). In addition, the lightweight of aluminum gives composite materials Al/C a low density (d = 2.4 g/cm3). Therefore, the composite materials developed in this study are promising as a lightweight heat sink in microelectronic industries
Pruja, Patrick. "Transferts thermiques à l'échelle du micron dans les matériaux à structure hétérogène : caractérisation des interfaces par microphotoréflexion modulée". Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0500.
Testo completoPerformances of modern materials for thermal and mechanical protection are directly related to their thermal properties on a microscopic scale. These materials often consist of a complex assembly of which it is necessary to be able to characterize and envisage ageing. The interest and the originality of this work lie in the development of two models based on the principle of photothermal microscopy by modulated photoreflexion allowing to analyse and to understand the thermal transfers on a micrometric scale in materials presenting microscopic cracks or interfaces. These heterogeneities are modelled either by a thermal contact resistance (TCR) or by a third thermal body (TTB) with non-null thickness and specific thermal properties. These two models lead to the analytical expression of the temperature field on the surface of a material submitted to a localized thermal stress and showing heterogeneities perpendicular to its surface. A sensitivity study gives the optimal experimental conditions to estimate the thermophysical parameters of the heterogeneities. The experimental results concern copper-steel, chromium-steel interfaces and microscopic cracks in chromium deposits
MALOU, ZAHIR. "Etude de l'optimisation des proprietes mecaniques et thermiques des materiaux poreux de type betons cellulaires". Cergy-Pontoise, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CERG0013.
Testo completoNicolau, Vicente de Paulo. "Identification des propriétés radiatives des matériaux semi-transparents diffusants". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0001.
Testo completoRadiative properties of semi-transparent scattering materials like fiberglass and silica fibers are identified, including optical thickness, albedo and a three parameter phase function model. Extinction, absorption and scattering coefficients are calculated based on optical thickness and albedo values. The phase function model is a composition of two Henyey-Greenstein and an isotropic function. The study focuses on a plane slab submitted to a normal incident collimated radiation beam. The numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation gives the values of the spectral transmittances and reflectances at the front and rear faces of the slab. An experimental set-up has also been realized to measure the spectral transmittances and reflectance under the same condition. The optical thickness is directly determined from the experimental transmittances, while the other four parameters are identified by the minimization of the sum of square errors between experimental and theoretical transmittances and reflectance. The Gauss method of linearisation associated with a fine analysis of the sensitivity coefficients has been used to determine the parameters. Two optical bench have been used: firstly a prism based monochromator and secondly a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The radiative parameters values are presented in the 1. 5 to 15μm wavelength range. Results show that the studied materials present a high scattering with a dominant forward anisotropy
Berthou, Yannick. "Étude de parois de bâtiments passifs associant un Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP) et une super isolation transparents". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0109.
Testo completoTo reduce the environmental impact of buildings, it is a priority to develop new strategies concerning the insulation and the exploitation of the renewable energies. Xithin this context appeared the odea to design, to implement an to study a new generation of semi-transparent solar wall associating a super-insulating layer (silica aerogel) and a layer of a material ermitting the absorption, the storage and the restituion of heat (Phase Change Material). This wall was experimentally characterized in controlled atmosphere and in situ on a full-size building. Its qualities in terms of heat insulation and contribution to the energy balance and daylight were revealed. A limit of use pCM-aerogel wall was noticed in summer and on a part of the inter seasons. The PCM aerogel wallwas developed and validated. This model, coupled withTRNSYS, a software for the dynamic simulation of thermal systems, allowed to study the behavior of the wall for four cliamtesand two types of building (a residential building : an "Incas" house of the ines at Chambéry, and a building in free evolution : the experimental test cell of the CEP at Sophia Antipolis. These studies confirmed the interest of he MCP-aerogel wall for the improvement of the energy performances of the building
Faye, Mactar. "Structure interne et propriétés thermiques macroscopiques, application aux matériaux de construction". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30032/document.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the internal structure of isotropic granular materials on the macroscopic thermal properties. We have developed a model to solve the heat transfer problem within a heterogeneous three-dimensional material. This code is coupled with an algorithm generating random structure. After an experimental validation, we first generated granular materials and we characterized their internal structure; then we studied the impact of this structure on the thermal conductivity. We also developed a new experimental method for measuring the heat capacity area of a wall element with complex internal structure. The originality of this method is the coupling of an analytical model of heat capacity area, which is independent of the thermal properties of the constituents, and an experimental study
Fayette, Sylvain. "Conduction thermique dans les matériaux hétérogènes, influence des joints de grains". Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMOA001.
Testo completoHenry, Briot Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux matériaux et nouvelles orientations pour application aux ondes de surface". Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2086.
Testo completoBenseddiq, Noureddine. "Optimisation des garnitures composites pour freins à disques ferroviaires". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10076.
Testo completoBouache, Toufik. "Comportement thermique et caractérisation des échanges interfaciaux d’un frein à disque par approches théorique et expérimentale". Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100122.
Testo completoThe work developed in this thesis contributes to the knowledge of the thermal behaviour of a disc–brake system. The problem is studied from three different approaches: analytical, numerical and experimental. An analytical solution has been developed to determine the 3D steady temperature distribution in the disc. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the transient state have also been performed. The results enable us to analyze the evolution of temperatures and to deduce from them the thermal gradients. These gradients are fundamental for the study of the thermomechanical behaviour of the system (constraints, deformations, effectiveness and wear). Two inverse models are developed to determine the temperatures and the contact parameters at disc-brake pad interface (local heat partition coefficient and thermal contact resistance). Measurements by thermocouples were taken using an experimental device mounted on a lathe. The experimental results are then used for the procedure of contact parameters estimation
Hamdami, Nasser. "Congélation de produits poreux : application à des produits alimentaires". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2071.
Testo completoCapsal, Jean-Fabien. "Elaboration et analyse des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites hybrides ferroélectriques". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/835/.
Testo completoThe piezoelectric activity of a hybrid ferroelectric nanocomposite, i. E. Polyamide 11/ Barium Titanate (BT), has been investigated for different loadings of BT particles. The BT volume fraction (phi) was ranging from 0. 024 to 0. 4 with a particle size of 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm and 700 nm. The influence of polarization mode on the piezoelectric behaviour has been studied. The magnitude of the poling field used in this study is in the same order of magnitude of the one used for bulk BT i. E. Significantly lower than for piezoelectric polymers. The optimum piezoelectric coefficient is reached when the amorphous phase of the polymeric matrix is in the liquid state i. E. ; for a polarization temperature higher than the glass transition and for time constant allowing macromolecular mobility. The composite piezoelectric activity decreases for particles size lower than 300 nm due to the loss of the tetragonal phase. The nanotexture of these particles has been investigated by TEM and HRTEM. A core shell structure has been observed. An increase of the longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 with the raising of BT volume fraction was shown. Contrary to inorganic piezoelectric ceramics, the dielectric permittivity of hybrid composites remains moderate although the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of composites is bigger than ceramics
Verhaeghe, Benjamin. "Allègement de céramiques pour les arts de la table : Influence de la porosité sur les caractéristiques mécaniques et thermiques". Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1b47986d-2f67-4418-beb9-e4762561eded.
Testo completoIn this study, porous ceramics are developed and mechanically and thermally characterized. The ceramic matrix is based on a silicoaluminate material then after densified by sintering. The nature of the ceramic material and sintering cycle is unique through all this work. Porosity is obtained by adding to the ceramic paste various organic porous agents calibrated in sizes and shapes. Total porosity rate is between 8 and 30%. Several preparation routes are tested allowing the control of the porosity quality. Heterogeneous porosity is obtained by mixing spray dried siliocaluminate powder with pore-forming agent. The obtained porosities are mainly distributed around the spray dried agglomerates. A relatively homogeneous porosity is provided by an innovative process: A particular porogen agent is introduced within the slurry before spray-drying and leads to specific microstructure consisting in pores (10μm) localized inside the aggregates, while a small amount of porosity remains between them. The mechanical properties (compression, bending, toughness) and thermal properties (thermal diffusivity) are determined and analyzed in regards to porous phases qualities. Meanwhile, various finite element modeling are developed to describe the impact of porosity on the mechanical and thermal properties. Several models of porosity are chosen as close as the experimentally realized porosities. The experimental mechanical and thermal characteristics are compared with modeling results
Petroni, Laeticia. "Étude du comportement post-coulée de réfractaires électrofondus à Très Haute Teneur en Zircone : thtz". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657812.
Testo completoThis work has been carried out in the frame of a French national research program on new refractories for glass production (NOREV) and focussed on the numerical simulation of the post-casting cooling of fused-cast refractories with a very high zirconia content (HZ). A numerical model of the cooling-down sequence of a tile has been developed from thermal measurements performed in a mould during a casting on industrial site. This calculation allowed the time positioning, for each location in the tile, of the physical phenomena occurring during cooling: solidification, creep and phase transformation of zirconia. Isothermal and non-isothermal mechanical tests allowed the constitutive equations of creep (isotropic hardening) and during zirconia transformation (Leblond transformation-induced viscoplasticity model). From the thermal loadings, the thermal stresses induced by cooling have been calculated, as well as the residual stresses remaining at room temperature. The phase transformation of zirconia, which induces a 4% volume swelling, seems to be the most critical physical phenomenon for both types of stresses. The performed parametric studies proved the interest of the numerical model as a tool for improving the process by varying different parameters: cast material properties, mould shape, properties of its constituents,. .
Godin, Alexandre. "Estimation sur des bases orthogonales des propriétés thermiques de matériaux hétérogènes à propriétés constantes par morceaux". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821884.
Testo completoNovellani, Marc. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des empilements de fibres : structure et propriétés thermiques". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11058.
Testo completoGomart, Hector. "Modélisation des propriétés thermo-radiatives de revêtements à haute efficacité énergétique". Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2050.
Testo completoLallam, Abdelaziz. "Corrélations entre les propriétés thermomécaniques de films diélectriques plastiques et les caractéristiques de composants passifs". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19054.
Testo completoAmici, Marco. "Hybrid Inorganic / Organic polymers based on methacrylate - polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS®) : morphology and structure - properties relationships". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0004/these.pdf.
Testo completoNovel hybrid inorganic/organic systems based on methacrylate and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS ®) have been synthesised and characterised. The synthesis has been performed via either thermally or UV free-radical polymerization. Chemical characterisation has been done with NMR, NIR and SEC. The POSS have been found to be polymerizable with the organic monomers once a good dispersion is ensured. Structure and morphology, characterised by means of SEM, TEM, AFM and WAXS, have been shown to be mainly dependent on the dispersion of the POSS in the organic matrix. Depending on the POSS grade and concentration, one could obtain a wide array of structure-morphologies, from micro-aggregates to a very fine dispersion, probably to the molecular level. In turn, these different morphologies have an influence on the properties of the final systems. Thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties have been analysed. The POSS have been shown to change the crosslinking density of the thermosetting networks, while, in thermoplastic systems, the properties of the hybrid systems have been largely influenced by the nature of the organic ligands borne by the POSS
Rakotovelo, Andriaminosoa Martin. "Contribution à la validation des méthodes de prévision du rochet thermique dans les structures métalliques". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Testo completoThis work concerns the steady state assessment in the metallic structures subjected to thermomecanical cyclic loadings in biaxial stress state. The effect of the short time mechanical overloads is also investigated. The first chapter is devoted to a bibliographic research concerning the behaviour of the materials and the structures in the cyclic plasticity. Some works related to the experimental aspect as well as the numerical one for the steady state assessment of such structures are presented. The experimental part of the study is presented in the second chapter. The experimental device was carried out in order to prescribe tension and torsion forces combined with cyclic thermal loading. Some tests was then carried out, among these tests certain include some overloads in tension or torsion. The last chapter describes the numerical calculations using different models (linear isotropic hardening, linear kinematic hardening and elastoviscoplastic Chaboche’s model) and the application of some simplified methods for the ratchetting assessment in the structures. We have considered two categories of methods. The first one is based on an elastic analysis (Bree’s diagram, 3 Sm rule, efficiency rule) and the second one combines elastic analysis and elastoplastic analysis of the first cycle (Gatt’s and Taleb’s methods). The results of this study have enabled: • to validate in the biaxial stress state an expression which takes into account the effect of mechanical short time overloads. • to test the performances of considered models to describe the evolution of the structure during the first cycle and to take into account the effect of short time overloads. Among the considered models, the elastoplastic Chaboche’s model seems to be the most accurate to describe the structure’s behaviour during the first cycles. • to validate some simplified methods. Certain methods based only on elastic analysis (Bree’s diagram and efficiency rule) seem not suitable for the considered kind of structure. On the other hand, Gatt’s and Taleb’s methods give some conservative predictions
Zayat, Kamel Afif. "Contribution à l’étude au choc du béton et mortier de fibres". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0021.
Testo completoThis research concerns the experimental and theoretical examination of the behaviour law mortar reinforced by the amorphous cast iron fibre under mono-axially compression impulse and static charge under 4 points bending tests. In the first part, we realize the experimental study in static compression to establish the relation between stress and strain and the behaviour degradation's law of material. We develop a numerical method which can treat the experimental measurement and obtain the relation between the stress and the strain until the rupture. The last part concerns the theoretical approach of the phenomenon of waves reflections and waves propagation through the non-homogenous medium. The exploitation of the numerical model can valorous the treatment of the experimental results and understand the different physical mechanisms developed during the shock. In conclusion, we compare our results with experimental ones given from other research and we establish the rôle played by the fibres in case of shock solicitation
Ahmat, Charfadine Mahamat. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés thermophysiques des matériaux locaux du Tchad : application au confort thermique de l'habitat". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10021.
Testo completoBour, Yves. "Matériaux composites à fibres courtes : Relation entre facteur d'orientation et propriétés mécaniques et thermiques". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Bour.Yves.SMZ9906.pdf.
Testo completoThe behavior of short fibers composite materials depends strongly of the orientation of the fibers. Using magnetic fields, anisotropic composite materials have been elaborated which contained up to 20 vol% of carbon fibers. One aim was to gain a better understanding of the process of orientation in the magnetic field. A model has been formulated to describe the movement of a single fiber which is exposed to a static and an oscillating magnetic field. Other parameters such as viscosity of the liquid polymer, temperature and fiber length were examined as well. The degree of anisotropy of the materials is measured by microscopy coupled to an optical imaging system, this work leading to define a procedure of filtering the image in order to obtain precisely the fiber orientation distribution (function). As well as the thermal conductivity was measured which is related to the three-dimensional orientation. The results from optical and thermal measurements correlate well, but the theoretical models to interpret the thermal conductivity are not yet reliable enough to allow the degree of orientation to be reduced from the measurements. Regarding the mechanical properties the increase of the YOUNG's modulus was measured and correlated with the fiber orientation distribution. Between the mechanical models tested some are found to agree well with the experiments
Beaumale, Marine. "Substitution, Intercalation et Non-stœchiométrie dans les matériaux thermoélectriques TiS2 densifiés par SPS". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2006.
Testo completoTiS2 compound has high electrical properties however, from a thermoelectric point of view, its thermal conductivity must be significantly reduced in order to obtain a ZT value close to bismuth telluride compound. Its low dimensional crystallographic structure allows on one hand, the intercalation of cations and, on the other hand, the substitution of Ti by heavier cations in TiS2 layers, suggesting that its lattice thermal conductivity can be modulated. Solid solutions Ti1-xTaxS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0. 4) and Ti1-xNbxS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0. 1) were synthesized and densified by SPS. The partial substitution of titanium by an heavy element led to a significant decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity through a mass fluctuation effect. For example, in the Ti1-xNbxS2 serie, beyond 400 K, the ZT values of doped compounds (0. 01 ≤ x ≤ 0. 05) are clearly better than the one of TiS2 : ZT is improved by 60 %. Bulk polycrystalline samples in the series Ti1+xS2 (x = 0 to 0. 05) were also prepared and densified by Spark Plasma Sintering. For x = 0, a Seebeck coefficient of -300 μV/K is firstly observed for TiS2 compound. The decrease in electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient that occurs upon Ti intercalation (Ti off stoichiometry) supports the view that charge carrier transfer to the Ti 3d band takes place and the carrier concentration increases. At the same time, the thermal conductivity is reduced by phonon scattering due to structural disorder induced by Ti intercalation. Optimum ZT values of 0. 48 at 700 K is obtained for x = 0. 025. Finally, thermoelectric modules have been made using our densified materials showing their ability to convert heat into electricity
Imbert, Claire. "Matériaux à propriétés mécaniques et thermiques améliorées sous pression hydrostatique en utilisation aquatique". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20019.
Testo completoMaterials nowadays used for thermal insulation in aquatic environment under hydrostatic pressure are either rubber flexible foams or rigid foams, especially syntactic foams, depending on depth. These flexible materials were analyzed through classical mechanical and thermal tests. However, methods and results were adapted to the final usage of the product, particularly to the aquatic environment at the surface and under depth. Relationships between structures and properties characteristics were studied to define appropriate properties within relevant criteria. Moreover, to underline thermal properties under hydrostatic pressure, a testing instrument has been developed: an innovating hyperbaric test chamber, dedicated to under water pressure thermal resistance and thickness measurements, from 0 to 50 m depth. Strengths and weak points of these classical materials have been clearly established. Results analysis lead to a new concept of composite material for the defined usage. This innovating material, a syntactic foam, has been developed. By varying the particle type added to a thermoplastic elastomer matrix, the cellular structure has been refined in order to obtain a similar behaviour in aquatic environment, at the surface like in depth. This material has been tested, parallel to its industrial production, to identify relationships between structures and properties
Huguet-Chantôme, Pascal. "Mesure de propriétés thermiques de matériaux diélectriques en couches minces par optique guidée". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30084.
Testo completoWe study the thermal properties of dielectric thin-film materials. To achieve this goal, we use guided optic techniques based on the prism coupler (m-lines). The thermo-optical coefficients of different thin-film materials are measured. These measurements are applied to the analysis and simulation of interference filters' spectral shift with temperature. The totally reflecting prism coupler, in a two-beam pump-and-probe set-up, allows the detection, in harmonic regime, of photo-induced index modifications in a thin film as low as 10 -8. These index variations are due to the temperature increase created by the absorption of a small part of the pump beam in the film. Their distribution in the film is related to the film's thermal properties (conductivity, specific heat). A two-dimensional model of the heat conduction in the prism coupler has been developped, with a good qualitative agreement between calculations and measurements. The measurements performed on different samples are also compared
Claudet, Bernard. "Métrologie par interférométrie holographique de champs thermiques aux interfaces de matériaux soumis à un choc thermique". Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0216.
Testo completoRose, Nathalie. "Étude de la dégradation thermique et du comportement au feu de résines époxydes utilisées dans l'aéronautique". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10008.
Testo completoSakami, Driss. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermiques des couches minces métalliques : effets de la microstructure". Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2087.
Testo completoDiab, Yasser. "Étude et modélisation des supercondensateurs : applications aux systèmes de puissance". Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10042.
Testo completoThe aim of this work is to analyze quantitatively the supercapacitors performance (capacitance, ESR, self-discharge. . . ), which are made by different technologies under constraints ; thermal and electrical. Different supercapacitors parameters are charactezed by the help of different techniques as impedance spectroscopy, voltamperometry, and charging/discharging cycles. The supercapacitors modelling have been conducted by several complementary models. These models are compared in time and frequency domain with various experimental tests. A new model of the self-discharge was established. All the life expectancy energetic efficiency and balancing time are compared for different balancing circuits and typical applications. The whole of this wordk has helped to investigate the supercapacitors behaviour applied in series demonstrating their reliability, the balancing time and the total energy efficiency of the system
Lassalle, Maxime. "Structure électronique et propriétés thermoélectriques des skuttérudites". Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10201.
Testo completoLes caracterisations experimentales ne revelent aucun ordre apparent dans la repartition des deux metaux de transition. Ce desordre se traduit par la fluctuation des charges portees par les atomes de fer et d'antimoine. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous calculons les coefficients de transport des materiaux sur la base de nos calculs de structure de bandes pour les coefficients de transport d'origine electronique, et a partir d'un modele de champ de forces pour la conductivite thermique de reseau. Nous obtenons une description correcte de la figure de merite et des evolutions de celle-ci en fonction de l'evolution des parametres de la structure electronique. La conductivite thermique de reseau est modelisee pour les composes cosb 3, fe 0. 5ni 0. 5sb 3 et cefe 4sb 1 2 (skutterudite remplie) nous permettant de souligner l'important de souligner l'importance des phonons optiques et des defauts ponctuels (alliages, atomes d'insertion) pour le transport thermique
Nana, Koumtoudji Lecomte Gisèle Laure. "Transformations thermiques, organisation structurale et frittage des composés kaolinite-muscovite". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1f887c04-ebcd-4780-a15c-aee018af90f2/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0034.pdf.
Testo completoAgoudjil, Boudjemaa. "Étude des propriétés thermophysiques et électriques de matériaux hétérogènes". Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003939470204611&vid=upec.
Testo completoThis work presents a comparative study of thermophysical, electrical, dielectric and rheologic properties of three composites: glass and silver coated glass spheres dispersed in EVA matrix, powders of BaTiO3 dispersed in EVA matrix and PVC matrix filled with Carbon NanoTubes. This study is devoted in the first time to the composites preparation and to the measurements of the electrical conductivity (), thermal conductivity (k), dynamic viscosity () and the relative permittivity (r) (for some composites). It was shown that both relative permittivity r and electrical conductivity depend on the fillers size. However, the effect of the particles size on the thermal and the rheologic properties can be neglected. Besides, the fillers surface is an important factor controlling the thermal and the electrical conductivities. It also follows from this study the existence of a correlation between the thermal conductivity and others properties (, and r). The second objective of this study was the improvement of a measurement method of emissivity, thermal conductivity and diffusivity. The characterisation of a reference sample (PVC) allowed the validation of the measurement protocol. This includes the reproducibility study of the method, the comparison of the results to the literature data, the analysis of the limitations of the measurement protocol and a sensitivity analysis
Longuemart, Stéphane. "Nouvelle méthodologie pour la mesure des paramètres thermiques et pyroélectriques de matériaux solides pyroélectriques et cristaux liquides ferroélectriques". Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0095.
Testo completoPyroelectric materials possess the remarkable property to generate an electric current when their average temperature is subject to variations. They are widely used in radiation detection devices or for infrared imaging. The response of the pyroelectric material to a light excitation is directly connected to its pyroelectric coefficient and its thermal parameters. The aim of this work was to propose a new methodology which allows the simultaneous measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient and the thermal parameters of pyroelectric materials. The proposed method is based on the analysis of the pyroelectric signal generated by the pyroelectric sample when it is irradiated by an intensity modulated radiation source. Different procedures have been presented for the determination of the thermal parameters of the pyroelectric material from the amplitude or the phase of the pyroelectric signal. In particular, two procedures not using frequency scans are proposed for the study of the thermal parameters as a function of temperature. The pyroelectric coefficient temperature dependence can be obtained from the amplitude of the pyroelectric signal. The methodology presented in this work is non destructive : the pyroelectric material can be used after its characterization or for other measurements. The validation of the method on solid pyroelectric materials and the first results obtained for a ferroelectric liquid crystal film shows that the method can be used for the characterization of pyroelectric materials of different types
Ezbakhe, Hassan. "Caractéristiques thermiques et mécaniques de matériaux poreux utilisés comme isolants simples ou porteurs". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10024.
Testo completoShen, Jibao. "Notion d'impédance thermique appliquée au contrôle non destructif des matériaux". Artois, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ARTO0201.
Testo completoThis work is in the framework of the thermal characterization and the non destructive testing of building materials by the thermal impedance. The theoretical approach uses the concept of thermal waves and makes the identification in the frequency domain. The use of heat flow sensors based on tangential gradients authorizes the measurement of the flow and the temperature in the same plane. At low frequencies, though the sensor disturbance is weak, it is integrated in the models of knowledge. The method makes it possible to exploit the random signals like the solicitations met in situ. As a first application, the effusivity of building materials was measured. A further study undertaken on multi-layer systems lead to results allowing us to be optimistic in perspective of the application in the non destructive testing (separation, crack,. . . ). Finally, the evolution of the thermal impedances of a concrete under freeze-thaw cycles is an example of the damage follow-up
Challier, Laetitia. "Interfaces charge-matrice et propriétés de nanohybrides élastomères : vers l'élaboration de nanomatériaux multi-échelles et multi-fonctionnels". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4108.
Testo completoThis work reports on the properties of organic/inorganic nanohybrids elaborated from an elastomer matrix and minerals fillers such as sepiolite (natural fibrous clay) , silica or Maya blue. The pigment Maya is itself a nanohybrid with sepiolite as matrix incorporating indigo molecules in these cavities. Dispersing the sepiolite filled with organic molecules in different matrix allows elaborate multi-scales and multi-functional hybrid materials. The sepiolite is then both the matrix for the indigo molecules and the filler for the elastomer. For these nanohybrids, we characterized thermal, optical and mechanical properties. The tensile tests highlighted the significant improvement of the mechanical properties of the PHEA filled with sepiolite for relatively low load factors. The accent was set on the importance of the fillers dispersion within the matrix, leading to increase of the interface area and consequently the number of filler/matrix interactions. We thus clearly connected the results of mechanical tests to the improvement of the state of dispersion. The existence of interactions between the fillers and the matrix was undoubtedly established by various techniques of analysis. Molecular scale interactions between sepiolite-HEA were evidenced. Moreover we show that the HEA interacts as well with the surface SiOH as with the MgOH2 sites located inside the channels and tunnels of the sepiolite. It was thus shown that these two types of interactions are directly connected to the dispersion state and consequently to the final properties of the nanohybrids
Vincent, Adrien. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux "barrières thermiques" à matrice cimentaire". Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0009.
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