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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Frank loops"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 14 dicembre 2024

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1

Suryanto. "Dislocation Generated by Electron Irradiation". Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (dicembre 2011): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.744.

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Dislocation loop was generated by electron irradiation in nickel aluminum alloy. It is important to know dislocation characteristics obtained from a high energetic electron irradiation. If b is the Burger vector of a dislocation loop and g is the diffraction vector, dislocation loop will appear larger, smaller or disappear for g.b>0, g.b<0 or g.b=0, respectively. Dislocation loop was determined as follows – first, the appearance of dislocation loops is arranged in observation table. Second, based on type of dislocation loop, Burger vector and diffraction vector, appearance of dislocation loop is arranged in calculation table. Third, based on observation and calculation table, Burger vector and type of dislocation loop is determined. The results show that dislocation loops consist of perfect dislocation loops and Frank dislocation loops. The perfect dislocation loops have Burger vectors of ½[0 ] and ½[ 0] while Frank dislocation loops have Burger vectors of ⅓[1 1], ⅓[11 ], ⅓[ 11], ⅓[111], ⅓[1 1], ⅓[11 ] and ⅓[ 11]. All dislocation loops are interstitial types.

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2

Yang, Yunmin, Hiroaki Abe e Naoto Sekimura. "Behavior of Frank-loops under stress environment". Physics Letters A 315, n. 3-4 (agosto 2003): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(03)01016-8.

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3

Nogaret, T., C. Robertson e D. Rodney. "Atomic-scale plasticity in the presence of Frank loops". Philosophical Magazine 87, n. 6 (21 febbraio 2007): 945–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430601011497.

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4

Kondo, S., A. Kohyama e T. Hinoki. "Anisotropic evolution of Frank loops in ion-irradiated silicon carbide". Journal of Nuclear Materials 367-370 (agosto 2007): 764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.085.

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5

Chen, Y., X. Zhang e J. Wang. "Radiation Enhanced Absorption of Frank Loops by Nanovoids in Cu". JOM 68, n. 1 (11 novembre 2015): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1689-9.

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6

Jin, Miaomiao, Jilang Miao, Yongfeng Zhang, Marat Khafizov, Kaustubh K. Bawane, Boopathy Kombaiah, Yanwen Zhang e David H. Hurley. "Unfaulting mechanisms of interstitial Frank loops in fluorite-structured ThO2". Scripta Materialia 237 (dicembre 2023): 115706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115706.

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7

Saka, H. "Defect fine Structures as observed by in situ experiments". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, n. 4 (agosto 1990): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100175429.

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An in-situ experiment in an electron microscope is now a well established and useful technique in materials science. In this review recent contributions of in-situ experiments, especially of straining and heating experiments, to materials science will be high-lighted.The earlier works have been reviewed by Saka and Imura.It is believed that an external stress gives rise to an anistropy in the rate at which point defects are absorbed by edge dislocations; this mechanism is considered to explain the irradiation creep. A combined in situ tensile/irradiation experiment in a HVEM has been carried out to study effects of applied stress on the growth of dislocation loops. Fig. 1 shows typical microstructures of Ag irradiated at 403K for 10 min with 1MV electrons in the absence (a), and in the presence of an external stress of 5.5 kg/mm2 (b). Frank loops of interstial type, formed by electron irradiation, grew more rapidly in the direction of the external tensile stress than in the others. These results show that an external tensile stress has a profound effect on climb rates of Frank loops of interstitial type. However, detailed analysis of the results indicates that there is a considerable discrepancy between experiment and theory.

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8

Wang, Huan Huan, Sha Yan Byrapa, F. Wu, Balaji Raghothamachar, Michael Dudley, Edward K. Sanchez, Darren M. Hansen, Roman Drachev, Stephan G. Mueller e Mark J. Loboda. "Basal Plane Dislocation Multiplication via the Hopping Frank-Read Source Mechanism and Observations of Prismatic Glide in 4H-SiC". Materials Science Forum 717-720 (maggio 2012): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.327.

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In this paper, we report on the synchrotron white beam topographic (SWBXT) observation of “hopping” Frank-Read sources in 4H-SiC. A detailed mechanism for this process is presented which involves threading edge dislocations experiencing a double deflection process involving overgrowth by a macrostep (MP) followed by impingement of that macrostep against a step moving in the opposite direction. These processes enable the single-ended Frank-Read sources created by the pinning of the deflected basal plane dislocation segments at the less mobile threading edge dislocation segments to “hop” from one slip plane to other parallel slip planes. We also report on the nucleation of 1/3< >{ } prismatic dislocation half-loops at the hollow cores of micropipes and their glide under thermal shear stress.

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9

Idrissi, Hosni, Stuart Turner, Masatoshi Mitsuhara, Binjie Wang, Satoshi Hata, Michael Coulombier, Jean-Pierre Raskin, Thomas Pardoen, Gustaaf Van Tendeloo e Dominique Schryvers. "Point Defect Clusters and Dislocations in FIB Irradiated Nanocrystalline Aluminum Films: An Electron Tomography and Aberration-Corrected High-Resolution ADF-STEM Study". Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, n. 6 (27 ottobre 2011): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761101213x.

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AbstractFocused ion beam (FIB) induced damage in nanocrystalline Al thin films has been characterized using advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques. Electron tomography was used to analyze the three-dimensional distribution of point defect clusters induced by FIB milling, as well as their interaction with preexisting dislocations generated by internal stresses in the Al films. The atomic structure of interstitial Frank loops induced by irradiation, as well as the core structure of Frank dislocations, has been resolved with aberration-corrected high-resolution annular dark-field scanning TEM. The combination of both techniques constitutes a powerful tool for the study of the intrinsic structural properties of point defect clusters as well as the interaction of these defects with preexisting or deformation dislocations in irradiated bulk or nanostructured materials.

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10

Pezoldt, Jörg, e Andrei Alexandrovich Kalnin. "Defects and Polytype Instabilities". Materials Science Forum 924 (giugno 2018): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.147.

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A model based on the generation and recombination of defect was developed to describe the stability of stacking faults and basal plane dislocation loops in crystals with layered polytype structures. The stability of the defects configuration was analysed for stacking faults surrounded by Shockley and Frank partial dislocation as well as Shockley dislocation dipoles with long range elastic fields. This approach allows the qualitative prediction of defect subsystems in polytype structure in external fields.

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11

Fu, L. F., N. L. Okamoto, M. F. Chi, N. D. Browning, H. S. Jung e C. H. Grein. "Frank dislocation loops in HgTe∕CdTe superlattices on CdTe∕Si(211)B substrates". Journal of Applied Physics 104, n. 2 (15 luglio 2008): 023104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2956687.

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12

Chen, J., K. Dang, H. T. Vo, P. Hosemann e S. J. Fensin. "Associating GB characteristics with its sink efficiency in absorbing Frank loops in Cu". Scripta Materialia 192 (febbraio 2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.10.006.

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13

Terentyev, D., e A. Bakaev. "Interaction of a screw dislocation with Frank loops in Fe–10Ni–20Cr alloy". Journal of Nuclear Materials 442, n. 1-3 (novembre 2013): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.08.044.

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14

Tan, Xinze, Enhui Tan e Lizhi Sun. "Dislocation Dynamics Model to Simulate Motion of Dislocation Loops in Metallic Materials". Metals 12, n. 11 (24 ottobre 2022): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111804.

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Dislocation dynamics has been an intensive research subject in materials science and engineering due to the significant roles it plays in plastic deformation and the hardening of metals, fracture mechanics, and the fabrication of semiconductor thin films. However, a long-standing problem from the three-dimensional dislocation dynamics is that the motion and interaction of dislocation loops heavily depend on the loop-segment sizes, which substantially reduces the accuracy of simulation. We herein propose a new three-dimensional dislocation dynamics model together with its physical background. The proposed model incorporates the inherent interactions among differential dislocation segments. The simulation results on motion of Frank–Read sources demonstrate that the proposed model can resolve the paradoxical segment-dependent phenomenon in dislocation dynamics.

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15

Yin, Long-Wei, Mu-Sen Li, Jian-Jun Cui, Dong-Sheng Sun e Zhao-Yin Hao. "Frank dislocation loops related to vacancies in HPHT as-grown synthetic diamond single crystals". Scripta Materialia 45, n. 1 (luglio 2001): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(01)00983-6.

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16

Wurzinger, P., H. Oppolzer, P. Pongratz e P. Skalicky. "Residual damage after annealing of Be and O implanted GaAs/AlGaAs hetero bipolar transistors". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, n. 4 (agosto 1990): 692–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176599.

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Beryllium (2.5·1014/cm2 at 40 keV and 7.5·1014/cm2 at 90 keV) and oxygen (1013/cm2 at 380 keV) were implanted into a GaAs/AlGaAs-HBT (hetero bipolar transistor) to facilitate the formation of an ohmic contact with the p-type base using planar technology. The layer sequence and doping levels of the HBT are listed in table 1. Annealing was performed using optical RTA (rapid thermal anneal) equipment, at 860 °C, for 3 s. Technological data as well as SIMS, electrical, and photoluminescence measurements are published in detail elsewhere. This paper focuses on the residual lattice damage in the annealed HBT. TEM investigations were performed at 200 keV beam voltage using cross-sectional specimens.Fig.l shows a dark-field micrograph taken with a {200} reflection. The different layers are numbered (cf. table 1) and can be distinguished by differences in overall contrast. The residual damage consists of Frank type (b=a/3<111>) and perfect(b=a/2<110>) dislocation loops. The perfect loops are prismatic. Most of them lie in the <110> plane perpendicular to the Burgers vector b. All loops are of interstitial type. Defects are only found in the top three layers of the HBT which corresponds to the depth of the Be implantation. The defect distribution is inhomogeneous (Fig.1): While there are rather large loops (up to 200 nm) together with small ones in the GaAs layers of cap and base, only small loops (up to 30 nm) can be observed in the AlGaAs emitter layer.

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17

Chen, Dongyue, Kenta Murakami, Kenji Dohi, Kenji Nishida, Zhengcao Li e Naoto Sekimura. "The effects of loop size on the unfaulting of Frank loops in heavy ion irradiation". Journal of Nuclear Materials 529 (febbraio 2020): 151942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151942.

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18

Song, S. G., J. I. Cole e S. M. Bruemmer. "Formation of partial dislocations during intersection of glide dislocations with Frank loops in f.c.c. lattices". Acta Materialia 45, n. 2 (febbraio 1997): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(96)00206-6.

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19

Mingler, Bernhard, e H. Peter Karnthaler. "Radiation damage during HRTEM studies in pure Al and Al alloys". International Journal of Materials Research 97, n. 7 (1 luglio 2006): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2006-0163.

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Abstract During transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of Al alloys, defects caused by the electron irradiation can occur. Since the image contrast of these irradiation defects is similar to that of early stages of precipitates, care is needed to avoid confusion. In the present paper the formation and the coarsening of radiation damage defects were studied by in situ TEM in both, pure Al and Al alloys. High-resolution (HR)TEM images show on an atomic level that the radiation defects are extrinsic Frank loops (some converted into unfaulted prismatic loops); they are distributed homogeneously within the TEM foil but inhomogeneously on the four {111} planes. Applying HRTEM imaging conditions, the minimum electron energy causing defects is found to be as low as 110 keV using a [110] beam direction. The results for pure Al are very similar to those of the Al alloys. Therefore, during HRTEM studies (using accelerating voltages > 100 kV) the formation of radiation defects seems inevitable; they can be distinguished from the early stages of precipitates if they lie on different planes.

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20

Wu, Shi, Han Cao, Dong Jie Wang, Li Xia Jia e Yan Kun Dou. "Cascades Damage in γ-Iron from Molecular Dynamics Simulations". Materials Science Forum 993 (maggio 2020): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1011.

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The degradation of austenitic stainless steels under irradiation environment is a known problem for nuclear reactors, which starts from atoms displacement cascade. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to investigate the formation of atomic displacement cascade in γ-iron for energies of the primary knock-on atom (PKA) up to 40 keV at 300 K. The number of Frenkel pairs increased sharply until a peak value was reached, which occurred at a time in the range of 0.1-2 ps. After that, a number of defects gradually decreased and became stabilized. Compared with α-iron, there was less defects in the stable stage, and more clustered defects were produced in γ-iron. Within the range of PKA energies, two regimes of power-law energy-dependence of the defect production were observed, which converge on 16.8 keV. The transition energy also marks the onset of the formation of large self-interstitial atom (SIA) clusters and vacancy clusters. Interstitial and vacancy clusters were in the form of Shockley, Frank dislocation loops and Stir-Rod dislocation loops.

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21

TERASAKA, Ritsuko. "A study of normal vectorcardiograms employing the Frank lead system: Classification by patterns of QRS loops". Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association) 99, n. 5-6 (1987): 607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.99.5-6_607.

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22

Terentyev, D., A. Bakaev e Yu N. Osetsky. "Interaction of dislocations with Frank loops in Fe–Ni alloys and pure Ni: An MD study". Journal of Nuclear Materials 442, n. 1-3 (novembre 2013): S628—S632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.328.

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23

Rodney, David. "Molecular dynamics simulation of screw dislocations interacting with interstitial frank loops in a model FCC crystal". Acta Materialia 52, n. 3 (febbraio 2004): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2003.09.044.

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24

Vagholkar, Ketan, e Khizer Doctor-Ganju. "Abdominal cocoon: a surgical challenge". International Surgery Journal 5, n. 12 (28 novembre 2018): 4090. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20184713.

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Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) or sclerosing peritonitis best described as abdominal cocoon is a complex syndrome characterized by formation of a thick fibrocollagenous membrane that totally encloses the small intestinal loops. The etiology is varied and multifactorial. This complex disease is usually associated with continuous peritoneal dialysis (PD), tuberculosis, post renal transplant, or with long term use of beta blockers. A few cases may even be idiopathic in origin. The pathogenesis is attributed to conversion of epithelial cells from the peritoneal lining to mesenchymal cells leading to a formation of a thick membrane. The clinical features range from abdominal pain due to altered gut motility to frank features suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Making a pre-operative diagnosis is the biggest challenge in abdominal cocoon. However computerized tomography provides enough information to arrive at a diagnosis. Surgical intervention continues to remain the final option in an unremitting intestinal obstruction despite the role of conservative therapy using drugs proposed for treatment. The focus of management is early diagnosis and treatment in order to halt the progression to a frank cocoon. The paper reviews the etiopathogenesis and management of this intricate condition.

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25

ZANNOLI, ROMANO, IVAN CORAZZA, PAOLA CACCIAFESTA e ANGELO BRANZI. "EVALUATING THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF A VENTRICULAR SIMULATOR". Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 05, n. 02 (giugno 2005): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519405001503.

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The mechanical performance of a ventricular simulator was characterized by recording Pressure-Volume loops for different preload and afterload conditions. The End Systolic Pressure-Volume Relationship was drawn to demonstrate a "physiological" behaviour. The external work of the artificial ventricle was calculated by the P-V loop area and the presence of the Frank–Starling mechanism was demonstrated. The P-V loop was obtained by recording the internal pressure and by integrating the flow signal recorded at the orifice of the artificial ventricular chamber. The preload was modified by increasing the level of the filling reservoir and the afterload was modified by shortening the thin tube that represents the hydraulic resistance. The measurements were repeated at two different volumes of the ventricular external chamber. The ventricular external work was calculated by measuring the P-V loop area in the different loading conditions. The sequence of the loops obtained by changing the preload and afterload show a well defined End Systolic Pressure-Volume Relationship that changes its slope by changing the volume of the ventricular external chamber. The ventricular mechanical simulator shows a "physiological" behaviour.

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26

Burle, Nelly, Bernard Pichaud, V. I. Vdovin e M. M. Rzaev. "Very First Relaxation Steps in Low Temperature Buffer Layers SiGe/Si Heterostructures Studied by X-Ray Topography". Solid State Phenomena 131-133 (ottobre 2007): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.131-133.77.

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First relaxation stages in Si1-x Gex layers on Si substrates are induced by annealing of metastable, low-temperature buffer layer samples and observed by X-ray topography (XRT). This method allows observing large area (several square millimetres) of a sample and reveals very low densities of defects, located in the layer as well as in the substrate. It allow to follow the evolution of the very first steps of the relaxation, starting with dislocation crosses which were characterized and evolving to misfit dislocation network by very low increases of thermal budget. It is proposed a nucleation mechanism of these crosses based on Frank loops due to point defects condensation which can transform locally in glide dislocations under the influence of the biaxial stress in the film.

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27

Fukumoto, Ken-ichi, Kohei Umehara e Kiyohiro Yabuuchi. "Dynamic Interaction between Dislocation and Irradiation-Induced Defects in Stainless Steels during Tensile Deformation". Metals 12, n. 5 (29 aprile 2022): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050762.

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A series of in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations during tensile deformation were conducted on the ion-irradiated stainless steel. The jerky motion of dislocations appeared, and dislocations were pinned and depinned at the defects through the in-situ TEM observation. The jump distance traveled by dislocation was measured and discussed as the mean interval of defects interacting with the dislocation motion. Microstructural information of irradiation defects such as obstacle interval was obtained by TEM and atom probe tomography (APT), and the type of pinning site was identified. It was found that Frank loops and black dots were irradiation defects that strongly interacted with dislocations. It was suggested that solute atom clusters act as weak obstacles for dislocations in the dynamic interaction behavior with dislocation motion.

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Starenchenko, Vladimir A., Dmitry N. Cherepanov, Olga V. Selivanikova e Elena A. Barbakova. "Formation of Shear Zone's Defect Structure in F.C.C. Metals". Advanced Materials Research 1084 (gennaio 2015): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1084.26.

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As a result of the work of Frank-Read dislocation source the shear zone is formed. It is filled with deformation defects forming as a consequence of the dynamic features of the motion of dislocation loops and due to the interaction of shear forming dislocations with dislocations of non-coplanar slip systems. The accumulation of jogs on screw segments leads to the fact that the edge segments are moving faster than the screw segments so the shear zone is swept out generally by screw segments. The expressions of the intensities of the deformation defects accumulation in shear zones are given in the article. The point defects plays special role in the formation and evolution of misorientation substructures into deformed monocrystals, polycrystals and nanocrystals.

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Zhu, Zhenbo, Hefei Huang, Awen Liu e Zhiyong Zhu. "Quantitative characterization of frank loops and their effects on the plastic degradation in heavy ion irradiated alloy 800H". Materials Science and Engineering: A 832 (gennaio 2022): 142501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142501.

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Baudouin, Jean-Baptiste, Akiyoshi Nomoto, Michel Perez, Ghiath Monnet e Christophe Domain. "Molecular dynamics investigation of the interaction of an edge dislocation with Frank loops in Fe–Ni10–Cr20 alloy". Journal of Nuclear Materials 465 (ottobre 2015): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.05.030.

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Kadoyoshi, Tomoko, Hideo Kaburaki, Futoshi Shimizu, Hajime Kimizuka, Shiro Jitsukawa e Ju Li. "Molecular dynamics study on the formation of stacking fault tetrahedra and unfaulting of Frank loops in fcc metals". Acta Materialia 55, n. 9 (maggio 2007): 3073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.010.

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Drozdova, Anna, Alexander Nyavro e Lyudmila Kveglis. "Investigation on the Origin of Magnetization in Plastically Deformed NI₅₁TI₄₉ Alloy". Key Engineering Materials 743 (luglio 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.13.

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The article deals with the investigation of structure and magnetic properties of plastically deformed Ni51Ti49 alloy. The magnetic hysteresis loops confirm the presence of ferromagnetic properties in the alloy. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detects the appearance of lenticular crystals with bending contours which indicate the large distortion of the crystal lattice. The crystal lattice curvature occurs due to the large atom displacement. As a result, icosahedral clusters with the Frank-Kasper (FK) structure can be formed. The spin-polarized density of electron states and the magnetic moments for both non-deformed (near-spherical structure) and deformed (elongated by 5% along the Z-axis) Ni7Ti5 (FK-12), Ni8Ti5 (FK-13), and Ni10Ti6 (FK-16) clusters are calculated for the explanation of possibility of magnetization appearance in Ni51Ti49 alloy. The calculations show the increase in the magnetic moments for the deformed clusters. The calculated spectra demonstrate the high density of electron states near the Fermi level which is a characteristic feature of ferromagnetic alloys.

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Wang, Yong, Tongmin Zhang, Qing Liao, Junyuan Yang, Weigang Gu, Yongfei Ren, Zheng Jia e Bingsheng Li. "Comparison between Subsequent Irradiation and Co-Irradiation into SIMP Steel". Materials 14, n. 6 (12 marzo 2021): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061393.

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A modern Chinese ferritic/martensitic steel SIMP, is a new perspective nuclear structural material for the spallation target in accelerator driven sub-critical system. In this work, aimed at exploring the radiation resistance properties of this material, we investigate the differences between simultaneous Fe and He ions irradiation and He implantation of SIMP steel pre-irradiated by Fe self-ions. The irradiations were performed at 300 °C. The radiation-induced hardening was evaluated by nano-indentation, while the lattice disorder was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Clear differences were found in the material microstructure after the two kinds of the ion irradiation performed. Helium cavities were observed in the co-irradiated SIMP steel, but not the case of He implantation with Fe pre-irradiation. In the same time, the size and density of Frank loops were different in the two different irradiation conditions. The reason for the different observed lattice disorders is discussed.

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Li, Yipeng, Guang Ran, Qing Han, Yong Xin, Xinyi Liu e Xiaoqiu Ye. "In-situ TEM investigation of unfaulting behavior of Frank loops in FCC Pd during H2+ & He+dual-beam irradiation". Scripta Materialia 203 (ottobre 2021): 114047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114047.

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Popov, L. E., M. I. Slobodsky e T. N. Golosova. "Computer Simulation of the Generation of Dislocation Loops by a Frank-Read Source in the Filed of Randomly Situated Obstacles". Materials Science Forum 62-64 (gennaio 1991): 723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.62-64.723.

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Dupraz, Maxime, Guillaume Beutier, David Rodney, Dan Mordehai e Marc Verdier. "Signature of dislocations and stacking faults of face-centred cubic nanocrystals in coherent X-ray diffraction patterns: a numerical study". Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, n. 3 (16 aprile 2015): 621–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715005324.

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Crystal defects induce strong distortions in diffraction patterns. A single defect alone can yield strong and fine features that are observed in high-resolution diffraction experiments such as coherent X-ray diffraction. The case of face-centred cubic nanocrystals is studied numerically and the signatures of typical defects close to Bragg positions are identified. Crystals of a few tens of nanometres are modelled with realistic atomic potentials and `relaxed' after introduction of well defined defects such as pure screw or edge dislocations, or Frank or prismatic loops. Diffraction patterns calculated in the kinematic approximation reveal various signatures of the defects depending on the Miller indices. They are strongly modified by the dissociation of the dislocations. Selection rules on the Miller indices are provided, to observe the maximum effect of given crystal defects in the initial and relaxed configurations. The effect of several physical and geometrical parameters such as stacking fault energy, crystal shape and defect position are discussed. The method is illustrated on a complex structure resulting from the simulated nanoindentation of a gold nanocrystal.

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Falahati, Ahmad, Peter Lang e Ernst Kozeschnik. "Precipitation in Al-Alloy 6016 – The Role of Excess Vacancies". Materials Science Forum 706-709 (gennaio 2012): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.317.

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6xxx Al alloys owe their superior mechanical properties to the precipitation of finely dispersed metastable β´´ precipitates. These particles are formed in the course of optimized heat treatments, where the desired microstructure is generated in a sequence of precipitation processes going from MgSi co-clusters and GP zones to β´´ and β´ precipitates and finally to the stable β and Si diamond phases. The entire precipitation sequence occurs at relatively low temperatures (RT to approx. 200 °C) and is mainly controlled by the excess amount of quenched-in vacancies, which drive the diffusional processes at these low temperatures. Very recently a novel model for the prediction of the excess vacancy evolution controlled by the annihilation and generation of vacancies at dislocation jogs, grain boundaries and Frank loops was developed and implemented in the thermo-kinetic software MatCalc. In the present work, we explore the basic features of this model in the simulation of the excess vacancy evolution during technological heat treatments. The focus of this article lies on the effect of vacancy supersaturation during different heat treatment steps, such as quenching, heating, natural and artificial aging.

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38

Rebhi, Atef, Thabet Makhlouf, Jean Philippe Couzine, Yannick Champion e Nabil Njah. "TEM and DSC Investigation of the Recovery of a Recycled Aluminum Processed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion". Materials Science Forum 667-669 (dicembre 2010): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.451.

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TEM investigation was performed on a recycled aluminum processed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion. The aluminum contains many inclusions which were identified to be rich in iron and silicon.This has a substantial effect in dragging recovery. ECAE was performed via routes B and C using a die formed by two channels characterized by the well defined angles =90° and  = 90°. The evolution of the microstructure seems to be similar whether using route B or C. a high dislocation density was introduced since the first passage together with a high density of Frank dislocation loops. The latter are due to a by-passing of inclusions by cross-slip mechanism. Weak beam experiments enable us to investigate the early stages of recovery consisting in the formation of dislocation walls and few dislocation cells. A partial arrangement of dislocations was observed since the first passage through the die. The formation of dislocation cells began already before annealing and progresses at more elevated temperatures. The substantive recovery seems to push recrystallization process to high temperatures. By contrast, DSC investigations show a significant difference: The amount of energy deduced from the area of the peak relative to recrystallization is higher when using route C.

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39

Landesberg, A. "End-systolic pressure-volume relationship and intracellular control of contraction". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 270, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1996): H338—H349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.1.h338.

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The left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume relationship and the effect of ejection on pressure generation are predicted theoretically based on the intracellular control mechanisms. The control of contraction is described based on coupling calcium kinetics and cross-bridge cycling. The analysis of published skinned and intact cardiac muscle data suggests two feedback control loops: 1) a positive cooperative mechanism that determines the force-length relationship, the length dependence calcium sensitivity of the contractile filaments, and the related Frank Starling law; and 2) a negative mechanical feedback that determines the force-velocity relationship and the generated power. The interplay between these two feedback mechanisms explains the wide spectrum of phenomena associated with the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR); it provides an explanation for the "shortening deactivation" and for the recent observations of the positive effect of ejection on the ESPVR, i.e., the increase of the end-systolic pressure of the ejecting beat over the pressure of the isovolumic beat at the same end-systolic volume. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the LV contractility depends on the balance between the two intracellular mechanisms and that the effect of loading conditions is determined through these intracellular mechanisms.

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40

You, Guoqiang, Haipeng Lin, Yanfeng Qu, Jie Hao, Suyuan You e Bingsheng Li. "Investigation of Exfoliation Efficiency of 6H-SiC Implanted Sequentially with He+ and H2+ Ions". Materials 15, n. 8 (18 aprile 2022): 2941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082941.

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Abstract (sommario):

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material used in the advanced semiconductor industry. Fabricating SiC-on-insulator via H implantation is a good method. He and H co-implantation into Si can efficiently enhance exfoliation efficiency compared to only H implantation. In this study, 6H-SiC single crystals were implanted with He+ and H2+ dual beams at room temperature, followed by annealing at 1100 °C for 15 min, and irradiations with 60 keV He ions with a fluence of 1.5 × 1016 ions/cm−2 or 5.0 × 1016 ions/cm−2 and 100 keV H2+ ions with a fluence of 5 × 1016 ions/cm−2 were carried out. The lattice disorder was characterized by both Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The intensity of Raman peaks decreased with increasing fluence. No Raman shift or new phases were found. A very high numerical density of bubbles was observed as compared to single H or He implantation. Moreover, stacking faults, Frank loops and tangled dislocations were formed in the damaged layer. Surface exfoliation was inhibited by co-implantation. A possible reason for this is an increase in fracture toughness and a decrease in elastic out-of-plane strain due to dense bubbles and stacking faults.

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41

Chow, E., L. Foppiano e D. J. Farrar. "Regional contractile performance during acute ischemia in porcine right ventricle". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, n. 1 (1 luglio 1992): H135—H140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.1.h135.

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Studies of regional ischemia in the canine left ventricle (LV) have shown augmented systolic segmental shortening in nonischemic regions. To characterize these responses in the right ventricle (RV), acute occlusions of the right coronary artery (RCAO) were produced in anesthetized pigs. Orthogonal pairs of ultrasonic segment-length crystals were implanted in the mid-RV free wall (ischemic region) and in the outflow tract (nonischemic region). RV pressure-area work loops were generated during inferior vena caval occlusions, and both slope (M) of the preload recruitable stroke work relationship and elastance (Ees) of the end-systolic pressure-area relationship were determined by linear regression. Under control conditions, there was no significant difference in M or Ees of the two regions. After RCAO, fractional area shortening decreased by 84% in the ischemic region but increased by 21% in the nonischemic region. Although RV end-diastolic pressure and areas in both regions increased, M was significantly reduced by 78% only in the ischemic region. There was no change in contractile function in the nonischemic region as described by M and Ees despite the increase in systolic fractional area shortening. Therefore the nonischemic region of the porcine RV exhibits an apparent compensatory hyperkinesis in response to regional ischemia similar to that shown for the canine LV, consistent with the Frank-Starling mechanism.

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Costello, John M., Mjaye L. Mazwi, Mary E. McBride, Katherine E. Gambetta, Osama Eltayeb e Conrad L. Epting. "Critical care for paediatric patients with heart failure". Cardiology in the Young 25, S2 (agosto 2015): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951115000864.

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AbstractThis review offers a critical-care perspective on the pathophysiology, monitoring, and management of acute heart failure syndromes in children. An in-depth understanding of the cardiovascular physiological disturbances in this population of patients is essential to correctly interpret clinical signs, symptoms and monitoring data, and to implement appropriate therapies. In this regard, the myocardial force–velocity relationship, the Frank–Starling mechanism, and pressure–volume loops are discussed. A variety of monitoring modalities are used to provide insight into the haemodynamic state, clinical trajectory, and response to treatment. Critical-care treatment of acute heart failure is based on the fundamental principles of optimising the delivery of oxygen and minimising metabolic demands. The former may be achieved by optimising systemic arterial oxygen content and the variables that determine cardiac output: heart rate and rhythm, preload, afterload, and contractility. Metabolic demands may be decreased by a number of ways including positive pressure ventilation, temperature control, and sedation. Mechanical circulatory support should be considered for refractory cases. In the near future, monitoring modalities may be improved by the capture and analysis of complex clinical data such as pressure waveforms and heart rate variability. Using predictive modelling and streaming analytics, these data may then be used to develop automated, real-time clinical decision support tools. Given the barriers to conducting multi-centre trials in this population of patients, the thoughtful analysis of data from multi-centre clinical registries and administrative databases will also likely have an impact on clinical practice.

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Smith, Tara B. M. "The Ox’s Tail". Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 37, n. 3 (21 novembre 2024): 320–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jasr.27044.

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Frank Herbert’s Dune novels are suffused with Zen concepts that support his belief in ecology in two major ways. Firstly, Herbert’s reflections on the novels in key interviews make explicit that he consciously uses the trope of Zen philosophy to explore and prosecute the case for environmentalism and ecology. And secondly, the series is replete with structural elements and literary motifs that are a homage to core Zen teachings and reinforce the ecological themes of the work. Thematic explorations of the importance of balance between the spiritual and physical elements of human life are represented throughout the series, and the cyclical plot structures reinforce the core Zen belief in the continuous lifecycle of life, death, and rebirth. Further, plot devices throughout the works operate like Zen koans, intricate riddles aimed at challenging the reader to question their assumptions and beliefs. A central koan throughout the series speaks to the paradox of a humanity that is utterly reliant on mother nature for survival and solace, whilst simultaneously being a humanity that is threatening the survival and solace of nature. His didactic style of Zen teaching through koan teachings in the novels imparts lessons around students/readers developing ideas for themselves, thinking differently and ultimately breaking free of passive readership—forcing the responder to enter a dialogue with the novel and the narrator. Herbert draws on the teachings of Zen Buddhism in the Dune series to explore his obvious love of nature, and his fascination with ecological systems, feedback loops, and the interconnectedness and interdependence of all living organisms.

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Fan, Pengfei, Nirmal Kumar Katiyar, Xiaowang Zhou e Saurav Goel. "Uniaxial pulling and nano-scratching of a newly synthesized high entropy alloy". APL Materials 10, n. 11 (1 novembre 2022): 111118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0128135.

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Abstract (sommario):

Multicomponent alloys possessing nanocrystalline structure, often alluded to as Cantor alloys or high entropy alloys (HEAs), continue to attract the great attention of the research community. It has been suggested that about 64 elements in the periodic table can be mixed in various compositions to synthesize as many as ∼108 different types of HEA alloys. Nanomechanics of HEAs combining experimental and atomic simulations are rather scarce in the literature, which was a major motivation behind this work. In this spirit, a novel high-entropy alloy (Ni25Cu18.75Fe25Co25Al6.25) was synthesized using the arc melting method, which followed a joint simulation and experimental effort to investigate dislocation-mediated plastic mechanisms leading to side flow, pileup, and crystal defects formed in the sub-surface of the HEA during and after the scratch process. The major types of crystal defects associated with the plastic deformation of the crystalline face-centered cubic structure of HEA were 2,3,4-hcp layered such as defect coordination structures, coherent ∑3 twin boundary, and ∑11 fault or tilt boundary, in combination with Stair rods, Hirth locks, Frank partials, and Lomer–Cottrell locks. Moreover, 1/6 <112> Shockley, with exceptionally larger dislocation loops, was seen to be the transporter of stacking faults deeper into the substrate than the location of the applied cutting load. The (100) orientation showed the highest value for the kinetic coefficient of friction but the least amount of cutting stress and cutting temperature during HEA deformation, suggesting that this orientation is better than the other orientations for improved contact-mode manufacturing.

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Darnell, Regna. "A Zuni Artist Looks at Frank Hamilton Cushing:A Zuni Artist Looks at Frank Hamilton Cushing." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 6, n. 1 (giugno 1996): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1996.6.1.110.

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46

Mazewski, Candice, Frank Eckerdt, Aneta Baran, Mariafausta Fischietti, Purav P. Vagadia, Ricardo E. Perez, Charles D. James, Gary E. Schiltz e Leonidas C. Platanias. "Abstract 3281: DNMT targeting enhances vulnerability of glioblastoma cells to MNK inhibition". Cancer Research 82, n. 12_Supplement (15 giugno 2022): 3281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3281.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Many factors complicate therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma (GBM), including the existence of the blood brain barrier and a heterogenous population of difficult to treat glioma stem cells. Innovative strategies targeting novel pathways alone or in combination are needed for sustainable therapeutic improvements. The MAPK pathway has been implicated in many cancers. MAPK interacting kinases (MNK1 and MNK2) are downstream of MAPKs and phosphorylate the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a protein involved in translation of oncogenic mRNAs. We have previously established pharmacological MNK inhibition as a promising strategy for GBM. However, most currently available MNK inhibitors lack specificity and exhibit off-target effects. We developed novel selective MNK inhibitors that show MNK inhibition specificity in GBM established cell lines as well as patient-derived cell lines propagated under stem cell permissive conditions as 3-D neurospheres. MNK inhibitors reduced cell viability and neurosphere growth. Our previous work with MNK inhibitors showed involvement in negative feedback loops activated with treatment of other pharmacological agents, so we conducted a high-throughput screening to identify potential targets for combination treatment. One of the top hits was a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor that enhanced MNK inhibitor antineoplastic effects in GBM cells. Dual MNK and DNMT inhibition synergistically reduced neurosphere growth in 3-D glioma stem-like cells. The combination promoted apoptosis in the mesenchymal glioma stem-like cells as shown through flow cytometry and increased expression of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3, and Bax. Also, DNMT targeting enhanced the viability reduction effects of siRNA mediated MNK1 knockdown in GBM cells. This combination of our novel MNK inhibitor with DNMT inhibition elicited antineoplastic benefits in both 2-D cultures and 3-D glioma stem cell-like populations, demonstrating a potential novel therapeutic strategy in GBM. Citation Format: Candice Mazewski, Frank Eckerdt, Aneta Baran, Mariafausta Fischietti, Purav P. Vagadia, Ricardo E. Perez, Charles D. James, Gary E. Schiltz, Leonidas C. Platanias. DNMT targeting enhances vulnerability of glioblastoma cells to MNK inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3281.

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47

Hughte, Phil. "A Zuni Artist Looks at Frank Hamilton Cushing". American Anthropologist 97, n. 1 (marzo 1995): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1995.97.1.02a00030.

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48

REVELY-CALDER, CAL. "Frank O'Hara in Transit". Journal of American Studies 52, n. 3 (6 giugno 2017): 716–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875817000913.

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Abstract (sommario):

The poetry of Frank O'Hara (1926–66) takes place in the routes of New York City, both above and below the ground. This essay looks at the characteristics of his poetic lines, and some of the ways they invest themselves in each other, interacting complexly through rhymes and line breaks that we may struggle to negotiate. Then, broadening outwards to consider urban topographies and the experience of inhabiting the avenues of Manhattan, it discusses how the lines of a poem might relate to the lines of a subway system or street grid, and considers how O'Hara's poetry opens our attention, and our generosity, to the aspects of a cityscape that we habitually overlook.

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49

Stenhoff, Mark. "From astronomy to activism". Astronomy & Geophysics 61, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2020): 5.31–5.33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/ataa073.

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Abstract Mark Stenhoff looks back at the life of US astronomer Frank Kameny (1925–2011), whose career-ending dismissal led to a life of gay rights activism, and explores what his legacy means for LGBTQ+ scientists today.

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50

Constable, Edwin C. "Baby, It's Cold Outside – or how hot is hot, how cold is cold?" CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.50.

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Frank Loesser's song epitomises our fixation with temperature. But how do we define how hot is hot and how cold is cold? This short article looks at the history of temperature and why life today is much simpler than it was in the past.

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