Tesi sul tema "Fractals"
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Moraes, Leonardo Bastos. "Antenas impressas compactas para sistemas WIMAX". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-26122013-161125/.
Testo completoAchieving high data rates in wireless communication is difficult. High data rates for wireless local area networks became commercially successful only around 2000. Wide area wireless networks are still designed and used primarily for low rate voice services. Despite many promising technologies, the reality of a wide area network that services many users at high data rates with reasonable bandwidth and power consumption, while maintaining high coverage and quality of service has not been achieved. The goal of the IEEE 802.16 was to design a wireless communication system processing to achieve a broadband internet for mobile users over a wide or metropolitan area. It is important to realize that WIMAX system have to confront similar challenges as existing cellular systems and their eventual performance will be bounded by the same laws of physics and information theory. In many areas of electrical engineering, miniaturization has been an important issue. Antennas are not an exception. After Wheeler initiated studies on the fundamental limits for miniaturization of antennas, this subject has been extensively discussed by several scholars and many contributions have been made. The advances of recent decades in the field of microelectronics enabled the miniaturization of components and provided the use of compact, lightweight, equipments with many features in commercial applications. Although circuit integration is a reality, the integration of a complete system, including its antenna, is still one of the major technological challenges. In the case of patch antennas, the search is for compact structures with increased bandwidth, due to the inherent narrowband characteristic of this type of antenna. In this work the focus is on a comparison between the Minkowski and the Koch Fractal Patch Antennas. Initially, patch antennas with conventional square and triangular geometries were simulated to present the same resonance frequency. After that, fractal Minkowski and Koch Island Loop antennas were implemented in the square and triangular geometries, respectively, to the third iteration. A comparison was made for two substrates of different permittivities FR-4 and DUROID 5870 at the frequencies of 2,4 GHz; 3,5 GHz; 5,0 GHz and 5,8 GHz. 8 Prototype antennas were built using FR-4 and DUROID 5870 to resonate at a frequency of 3,5 GHz to validate simulation results. The contribution of this work is the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each proposed fractal structure. According to the project requirements, the best option can be use a miniaturized antenna with a wider band, as in commercial projects. Particularly in military applications, a narrow band antenna can be a requirement, as sometimes maximum discretion in transmission is a paramount. An additional analysis was performed to verify which of the geometries fulfilled the miniaturization criteria of Hansen.
Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, D. Tokar e V. R. Tarasenko. "Fractals". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13436.
Testo completoZanotto, Ricardo Anselmo. "Estudo da geometria fractal clássica". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6058.
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Outro
This is a research about a part of the non-Euclidean geometry that has recently been very studied. It was addressed initial themes of the non-Euclidean geometry and it was exposed the studies abut fractals, its history, buildings and main fractals (known as classic fractals). It was also addressed the relation among the school years contents and how to use fractals; as well as some of its applications that have helped a lot of researches to spread and show better results.
Este trabalho é uma pesquisa sobre parte da geometria não euclidiana que há pouco vem sendo muito estudada, os fractais. Abordamos temas iniciais da geometria nãoeuclidiana e no decorrer do trabalho expomos nosso estudo sobre fractais, seu histórico, construções, principais fractais (conhecidos como fractais clássicos). Também abordamos relações entre conteúdos dos anos escolares e como usar fractais nos mesmos; como também algumas de suas aplicações que vem ajudando muitas pesquisas a se difundirem e apresentarem melhores resultados.
LONG, LUN-HAI. "Fractals arithmetiques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13249.
Testo completoJoanpere, Salvadó Meritxell. "Fractals and Computer Graphics". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68876.
Testo completoMucheroni, Laís Fernandes [UNESP]. "Dimensão de Hausdorff e algumas aplicações". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151653.
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Intuitivamente, um ponto tem dimensão 0, uma reta tem dimensão 1, um plano tem dimensão 2 e um cubo tem dimensão 3. Porém, na geometria fractal encontramos objetos matemáticos que possuem dimensão fracionária. Esses objetos são denominados fractais cujo nome vem do verbo "frangere", em latim, que significa quebrar, fragmentar. Neste trabalho faremos um estudo sobre o conceito de dimensão, definindo dimensão topológica e dimensão de Hausdorff. O objetivo deste trabalho é, além de apresentar as definições de dimensão, também apresentar algumas aplicações da dimensão de Hausdorff na geometria fractal.
We know, intuitively, that the dimension of a dot is 0, the dimension of a line is 1, the dimension of a square is 2 and the dimension of a cube is 3. However, in the fractal geometry we have objects with a fractional dimension. This objects are called fractals whose name comes from the verb frangere, in Latin, that means breaking, fragmenting. In this work we will study about the concept of dimension, defining topological dimension and Hausdorff dimension. The purpose of this work, besides presenting the definitions of dimension, is to show an application of the Hausdorff dimension on the fractal geometry.
Berbiche, Amine. "Propagation d'ondes acoustiques dans les milieux poreux fractals". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4758.
Testo completoThe action integral minimization method (variational principle) provides the wave propagation equations. This method has been generalized to fractal dimensional porous media to study the acoustic propagation in the time domain, based on the equivalent fluid model. The resulting equation rewritten in the frequency domain represents a generalization for the Helmholtz equation. As part of the Allard-Johnson model, the propagation equation was solved analytically in the time domain, for both high and low frequencies fields. The resolution was made by the method of the Laplace transform, and focused on a semi-infinite porous medium. It was found that the wave velocity depends on the fractal dimension.For a fractal porous material of finite thickness which receives an acoustic wave at normal incidence, the Euler conditions were used to determine the reflected and transmitted fields. The resolution of the direct problem was made in the time domain by the method of the Laplace transform, and through the use of the Mittag-Leffler functions. The inverse problem was solved by the method of minimizing the least squares sense. Tests have been performed successfully on experimental data; programs written from the formalism developed in this work have allowed finding the acoustic parameters of porous foams, in the fields of high and low frequencies
Prehl, geb Balg Janett. "Diffusion on Fractals". Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200701033.
Testo completoIn dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir anomale Diffusion auf Fraktalen unter Einwirkung eines statisches äußeres Feldes. Wir benutzen die Mastergleichung, um die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der Teilchen zu berechnen, um daraus wichtige Größen wie das mittlere Abstandsquadrat zu bestimmen. Wir wenden unterschiedliche Feldstärken bei verschiedenen regelmäßigen Sierpinski-Teppichen an und erhalten maximale Driftgeschwindigkeiten für schwache Feldstärken. Über ~t^{2/d_w} bestimmen wir die Random-Walk-Dimension d_w als d_w<2. Dieser Wert für d_w entspricht der Superdiffusion, obwohl der Diffusionsprozess durch Strukturen des Teppichs, wie Sackgassen, behindert wird. Es schient, dass dies das Ergebnis zweier konkurrierender Effekte ist, die durch das Anlegen eines äußeren Feldes entstehen. Einerseits bewegen sich die Teilchen bevorzugt entlang der Feldrichtung. Andererseits gelangen einige Teilchen in Sackgassen. Um die Sackgassen, die in Feldrichtung liegen, zu verlassen, müssen sich die Teilchen entgegen der Feldrichtung bewegen. Somit sind die Teilchen eine gewisse Zeit in der Sackgasse gefangen. Infolge der durch das äußere Feld beschleunigten und der gefangenen Teilchen, verbreitert sich die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der Teilchen und somit ist d_w<2
Yin, Qinghe. "Fractals and sumsets". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phy51.pdf.
Testo completoBeaver, Philip Frederick. "Fractals and chaos". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28232.
Testo completoLygeros, Nik. "Fractals et posets". Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11047.
Testo completoAraújo, Jerrimar Moraes de. "Teoria matemática implícita na geometria fractal: construindo fractais com a ferramenta computacional Asymptote". Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2015. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=308.
Testo completoO presente trabalho consiste em um relato sobre a origem da Geometria Fractal, tendo em destaque a figura de Benoît Mandelbrot, identificado como pioneiro nesta área, cujo fractal leva seu nome. Mostra os fractais pioneiros, assim como a construção destes através da ferramenta computacional "Asymptote". É necessário dizer que, a partir da construção destes, percebe-se, com facilidade um intenso uso de conteúdos presentes no currículo escolar do ensino básico, como por exemplo o cálculo de perímetro e de áreas de figuras planas, potenciação, problemas de contagens, entre outros, os quais podem ser abordados com o intuito de introduzir tal conteúdo ou mesmo aprofundá-lo. Por fim, faremos uso de Indução Matemática para demonstrar algumas destas fórmulas encontradas.
This work consists the historic report of the origin of Fractal Geometry, and highlighted the figure of Benoît Mandelbrot, identified as pioneer in this area, whose fractal bears his name. Shows the pioneers fractals, as well as the construction of these using the computational tool "Asymptote". It must be said that, from the construction of these, it is noted, easily a intense use of contents present in the curriculum of basic education, such as the calculation of perimeter and area of plane figures, potentiation, in counts problems, among others, they can be addressed in order to start the study of such content or to same deepen it. Finally, we will make use of Mathematical Induction to demonstrate some of the formulas found.
Fernandes, Nelson Pires dos Santos Neto. "Fractais clássicos - Aplicações à sala de aulas em São Tomé". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28661.
Testo completoCressoni, Filho Luiz [UNESP]. "Estudo de Lei de Potência em distribuições estatísticas de consumo de água". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91925.
Testo completoA importância da água para os seres humanos é indiscutível. Com a organização da sociedade humana em grupos cada vez maiores, não só a água, mas todo o processo de captação, tratamento e distribuição dela, torna-se cada vez mais uma preocupação importante. Redes de distribuição de água são estruturas que aparentemente apresentam características fractais e o que este trabalho propôs foi a análise dessas em algumas cidades, observando-se os valores de consumo lidos nos hidrômetros, em busca de algumas características que possam indicar a existência de fractais que descrevem essas redes. Notou-se que as distribuições estatísticas dos consumos de água obedecem à distribuição gaussiana com máximo em torno de 18 m3 para pontos de baixo consumo (residências, por exemplo) e à lei de potência para pontos de consumo médio e elevado (residências de alto padrão, comércio e indústria). Observou-se que o expoente da lei de potência (alfa) varia com o número de habitantes, obedecendo a lei de escala. Foi proposto como uma possível explicação para estas características o mecanismo de realimentação positiva.
The importance of water to human beings is unquestionable. With human society forming ever larger groups, water, as well as the processes of capturing, treating and distributing water are increasingly important concerns. Water distribution networks are structures that apparently show fractal characteristics. This work is an analysis of water distribution networks in different cities. The analysis utilized water consumption readings from hydrometers to search for characteristics that describe the networks. This study determined that the statistical distribution of water consumption follows a Gaussian distribution for low values of consumption (residential users) and Power law for large values (high-level residences, commerce and industry). It also determined that the exponent (α ) of the Power Law varies with the number of citizens, obeying to a scale law. The Positive Feedback Mechanism is proposed as a possible explanation for these characteristics.
Mattos, Sergio Henrique Vannucchi Leme de. "Complexidade dos padrões espaciais e espectrais de fitofisionomias de cerrado no estado de São Paulo". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287400.
Testo completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: O Cerrado se constitui em um mosaico de fitofisionomias que se distinguem entre si pelos padrões espaciais que apresentam. Apesar das características e dinâmica do Cerrado apontarem que ele deve ser compreendido como um sistema complexo, o paradigma da complexidade e os métodos dele derivados ainda são pouco aproveitados no estudo do Cerrado. O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a complexidade dos padrões espaciais (texturais) e espectrais de fitofisionomias de Cerrado a fim de verificar quais propriedades relativas à sua organização e dinâmica tais padrões podem revelar. Para tanto, foram usadas imagens do sensor multi-espectral Aster relativas a unidades de conservação do estado de São Paulo situadas nos municípios de Assis, Itirapina e Luiz Antônio. Medidas de complexidade baseadas na entropia informacional e de dimensão fractal foram aplicadas às imagens e respectivas curvas de respostas espectrais de fisionomias de Cerrado presentes nas localidades estudadas. Uma área-teste foi selecionada para se avaliar as correlações entre fisionomias, seus padrões texturais e espectrais e fatores pedológicos e geomorfológicos. Os resultados obtidos para as análises textural e espectral de imagens do sensor mostram que cada fisionomia apresenta valores estatisticamente iguais nas diferentes extensões avaliadas, revelando a auto-similaridade dos padrões em várias escalas. Houve também uma forte tendência de cada fisionomia obter os mesmos valores em diferentes localidades, o que permite estabelecer intervalos de valores típicos para cada uma, independentemente da área estudada. Por outro lado, nenhuma medida foi totalmente eficiente em distinguir as diferentes fisionomias de Cerrado de uma mesma localidade, principalmente aquelas com padrões mais semelhantes. Quanto às correlações, foram encontradas associações significativas entre fisionomias e fatores pedogeomorfológicos, porém não houve nenhum fator que respondesse exclusivamente pelas características vegetacionais de determinada fisionomia e nem pela configuração de seus padrões, apontando que elas dependem das inter-relações de vários fatores. Pelos resultados alcançados na presente pesquisa, confirma-se que o Cerrado é um sistema dinâmico complexo e que, portanto, o entendimento de sua organização e dinâmica deve-se pautar nos conceitos, modelos e métodos próprios do paradigma da complexidade. Uma característica marcante aqui revelada é a invariância escalar dos padrões, a qual é indicativa de que o Cerrado apresentaria criticalidade autoorganizada, sendo algumas de suas fisionomias representativas de estados próximos a pontos críticos. Conforme apontam os resultados, fisionomias intermediárias, como cerrado denso, cerrado ss e campo cerrado, apresentariam esse tipo de organização, enquanto fisionomias situadas próximas aos extremos do gradiente vegetacional do Cerrado (como campo sujo e cerradão) representariam estados mais estáveis do sistema
Abstract: Brazilian Cerrado is characterized as a mosaic of phytophysiognomies with different spatial patterns. Despite of its characteristics and dynamics suggest that the Cerrado should be understood as a complex system, the complexity paradigm and methodologies are not widely used in Cerrado studies yet. The general objective of this research has been to evaluate the complexity of spatial (textural) and spectral patterns of Cerrado's phytophysiognomies with the purpose of verifying which properties related to organization and dynamic those patterns could show. For this, images from Aster multispectral sensor were used to study Cerrado areas in conservation reserves at São Paulo State (Brazil). Complexity measures based on information entropy and fractal dimension were applied to physiognomies images and to the correspondent spectral response curves. A test-area was selected to evaluate correlations between physiognomies, their textural and spectral patterns, and pedological-geomorphological factors. Textural and spectral image analysis pointed out that each physiognomy presents statistically equal values for different extents considered, showing self-similarity patterns in several scales. There was also a strong tendency that each physiognomy presents the same values at different localities, attributing a typical range of values for each one, independent of its localization. However, no measure was totally efficient to distinguish different Cerrado's physiognomies, especially those with similar patterns. For correlations, significant associations between physiognomies and pedological-geomorphological factors were founded, but here there was no factor responding exclusively for vegetation characteristics of a given physiognomy and for pattern configurations as well, suggesting that they depend on interrelations of many factors. Results obtained in this work confirm that Cerrado is a complex dynamical system and, therefore, comprehension of its organization and dynamics demands concepts, models, and methods related to complexity paradigm. A remarkable characteristic that was revealed here is about scale-invariance of patterns, which indicates that Cerrado presents self-organization criticality. As results show, this type of organization occurs in intermediary physiognomies, while grassland and forest physiognomies are more stable
Doutorado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Doutor em Ciências
Wang, JingLing. "Topics in Fractal Geometry". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279332/.
Testo completoFerreira, Filho José Roberto. "Geometria fractal : da natureza para a sala de aula". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6515.
Testo completoThis work deals with the study of fractal geometry, emphasizing its main features included on natural systems that motivate them. Here some names that contributed to the emergence and development of mathematical fractals, emphasizing examples of natural fractals and the pioneer of Benoit B. Mandelbrot contribution .
Este trabalho trata do estudo da geometria fractal, enfatizando suas principais caracter sticas compreendidas com base nos sistemas naturais que as motivam. Apresentamos alguns nomes que contribuiram para o surgimento e desenvolvimento dos fractais matem aticos, enfatizando os exemplos de fractais naturais e a contribui c~ao do pioneiro Benoit B. Mandelbrot.
Brodin, Andreas. "Multiwavelet analysis on fractals". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Dept. of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1131.
Testo completoHetherington, Cecil R. "Micronets and frustrated fractals". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263397.
Testo completoBerbiche, Amine. "Propagation d'ondes acoustiques dans les milieux poreux fractals". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4758.
Testo completoThe action integral minimization method (variational principle) provides the wave propagation equations. This method has been generalized to fractal dimensional porous media to study the acoustic propagation in the time domain, based on the equivalent fluid model. The resulting equation rewritten in the frequency domain represents a generalization for the Helmholtz equation. As part of the Allard-Johnson model, the propagation equation was solved analytically in the time domain, for both high and low frequencies fields. The resolution was made by the method of the Laplace transform, and focused on a semi-infinite porous medium. It was found that the wave velocity depends on the fractal dimension.For a fractal porous material of finite thickness which receives an acoustic wave at normal incidence, the Euler conditions were used to determine the reflected and transmitted fields. The resolution of the direct problem was made in the time domain by the method of the Laplace transform, and through the use of the Mittag-Leffler functions. The inverse problem was solved by the method of minimizing the least squares sense. Tests have been performed successfully on experimental data; programs written from the formalism developed in this work have allowed finding the acoustic parameters of porous foams, in the fields of high and low frequencies
Melo, Cesar Augusto Viana. "Modelagem e computação de banda passante equivalente de fluxos multifractais". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276509.
Testo completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Ciencia da Computação
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Resumo: O fenômeno do cascateamento caracteriza-se pela ausência de uma escala de tempo específica, na qual a explosividade do tráfego possa ser caracterizada. Faz-se necessário, portanto, que esse tráfego seja descrito em diferentes escalas de tempo. Esse fenômeno foi identificado pela primeira vez em traços de tráfego de redes locais. Verificou-se em traços de tráfego do protocolo Internet Protocol (IP), composto majoritariamente por tráfego gerado por conexões TCP, o fenômeno do cascateamento em pequenas escalas de tempo, bem como a existência de dependências de longa duração. Além disso, nesses traços o tráfego apresenta alta variabilidade, cascateamento não-uniforme e a distribuição marginal das suas medições (bytes e/ou pacotes) é não-gaussiana. Estas características são típicas de processos multifractais. A banda passante equivalente de um fluxo é a quantidade mínima de banda passante requerida para que os requisitos de Qualidade de Serviço (QoS) desse fluxo possam ser atendidos. Dispor de métodos eficientes para computar a banda passante equivalente de um fluxo permite realizar alocação eficiente de banda passante, o que é essencial em redes de alta velocidade. A computação da banda passante equivalente de um fluxo requer a solução de um sistema de filas alimentado por esse fluxo, que, por sua vez, requer a computação do instante de tempo em que esse sistema alcança o seu máximo em termo de trabalho não-realizado. Uma representação minimalista do fluxo que alimenta um sistema de filas, obtida com o uso de processos envelope, permite a derivação de soluções, que apresentam boa precisão, para esse sistema. Nesta tese, introduz-se um processo envelope, chamado de processo envelope do movimento Browniano multifractal (mBm), que é um limitante superior para o volume de trabalho gerado por um processo mBm. A derivação do processo envelope do mEm baseia-se na propriedade de auto-similaridade local de um processo mBm. Esta propriedade estabelece que os incrementos de um processo mBm, em escalas de tempo pequenas, são realizações de processos movimento Browniano fractal (fEm). O processo envelope do mEm foi extensivamente validado para se verificar a sua capacidade de representar o tráfego de um fluxo. Usou-se tanto fluxos de tráfego real quanto fluxos de tráfego sintético na validação desse processo envelope. Expressões para o cálculo da escala de tempo de interesse de um sistema de filas alimento por fluxos multifractais são derivadas. Estas expressões são utilizadas pelo algoritmo que implementa a heurística, proposta nesta tese, para computação da banda passante equivalente de um fluxo multifractal. Demonstra-se a efetividade destas expressões ao se avaliar o ganho obtido com a multiplexação estatística de fluxos multifractais. Introduz-se, também, um mecanismo baseado em janelas para o policiamento de tráfego multifractaL
Abstract: Scaling in network traffic can be identified as the absence of a typical time scale at which traffic burstiness can be characterized. Internet Protocol (IP) traffic presents both scaling and long-range dependence. Moreover, at small time scales, IP traffic shows non-uniform scaling and high variability. Moreover, the marginal distribution of counting process is non-gaussian, which dearly differentiates IP traffic from L_ cal Area Network traffic, which is accurately modelled by monofractal (self-similar) processes. Such patterns can be precisely modelled by multifractal processes. The equivalent bandwidth of a traffic flow is the minimum amount of bandwidth which should be given to that flow in order to support its Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Efficient algorithms for estimating the equivalent bandwidth of a flow is of paramount importance for network dimensioning and provisioning of QoS in high speed networks. The computation of the equivalent bandwidth requires solving a queueing system fed by this flow, and specially the identification of the time scale at which the queue length reaches its maximum value. A minimalist representation of the traffic flow such as those obtained by the use of envelope process is needed for the derivation of the solution of the queueing system. In this thesis, an envelope process, called mBm envelope process, is introduced. This process is an upper bound to the amount of work arrived in a multifractal Brownian motion (mBm). The definition of the mBm envelope process is based on the local self-similarity property of the mBm processo the mBm envelope process was extensively validated using both real network traffic and synthetic generated traffic. An expression for the time scale at which a queueing system fed by a multifractal flow is derived. This expression is used in a proposed algorithm for the computation of the equivalent bandwidth of a multifractal flow. The effectiveness of such algorithm is assessed by the evaluation of the multiplexing gain of several multifractal flows. A policing mechanism appropriate for multifractal flows is also introduced in this thesis
Doutorado
Ciência da Computação
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
Cressoni, Filho Luiz. "Estudo de Lei de Potência em distribuições estatísticas de consumo de água /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91925.
Testo completoBanca: Hari Mohan Gupta
Banca: Rogério Rosenfeld
Resumo: A importância da água para os seres humanos é indiscutível. Com a organização da sociedade humana em grupos cada vez maiores, não só a água, mas todo o processo de captação, tratamento e distribuição dela, torna-se cada vez mais uma preocupação importante. Redes de distribuição de água são estruturas que aparentemente apresentam características fractais e o que este trabalho propôs foi a análise dessas em algumas cidades, observando-se os valores de consumo lidos nos hidrômetros, em busca de algumas características que possam indicar a existência de fractais que descrevem essas redes. Notou-se que as distribuições estatísticas dos consumos de água obedecem à distribuição gaussiana com máximo em torno de 18 m3 para pontos de baixo consumo (residências, por exemplo) e à lei de potência para pontos de consumo médio e elevado (residências de alto padrão, comércio e indústria). Observou-se que o expoente da lei de potência (alfa) varia com o número de habitantes, obedecendo a lei de escala. Foi proposto como uma possível explicação para estas características o mecanismo de realimentação positiva.
Abstract: The importance of water to human beings is unquestionable. With human society forming ever larger groups, water, as well as the processes of capturing, treating and distributing water are increasingly important concerns. Water distribution networks are structures that apparently show fractal characteristics. This work is an analysis of water distribution networks in different cities. The analysis utilized water consumption readings from hydrometers to search for characteristics that describe the networks. This study determined that the statistical distribution of water consumption follows a Gaussian distribution for low values of consumption (residential users) and Power law for large values (high-level residences, commerce and industry). It also determined that the exponent (α ) of the Power Law varies with the number of citizens, obeying to a scale law. The Positive Feedback Mechanism is proposed as a possible explanation for these characteristics.
Mestre
Englund, Rickard. "Rendering Methods for 3D Fractals". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6966.
Testo completo3D fractals can be visualized as 3D objects with complex structure and has unlimited details. This thesis will be about methods to render 3D fractals effectively and efficiently, both to explore it in real-time and to create beautiful high resolution images with high details. The methods discussed is direct volume rendering with ray-casting and cut plane rendering to explore the fractal and an approach that uses super sampling to create high resolution images. Stereoscopic rendering is discussed and how it enhance the visual perception of the fractal
Beliaev, Dmitri. "Harmonic measure on random fractals". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-114.
Testo completoSabot, Christophe. "Diffusions sur les espaces fractals". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066719.
Testo completoDoerer, Daniel Michael. "Fractals with arbitrary segment lengths". Diss., Rolla, Mo. : School of Mines and Metallurgy of the University of Missouri, 1988. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Doerer_09007dcc805e2a04.pdf.
Testo completoVita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 15, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).
Gu, Xiaoyang. "Fractals in complexity and geometry". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3389102.
Testo completoZhao, Kai. "QUANTUM RANDOM WALK ON FRACTALS". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/490714.
Testo completoPh.D.
Quantum walks are the quantum mechanical analogue of classical random walks. Discrete-time quantum walks have been introduced and studied mostly on the line Z or higher dimensional space Z d but rarely defined on graphs with fractal dimensions because the coin operator depends on the position and the Fourier transform on the fractals is not defined. Inspired by its nature of classical walks, different quantum walks will be defined by choosing different shift and coin operators. When the coin operator is uniform, the results of classical walks will be obtained upon measurement at each step. Moreover, with measurement at each step, our results reveal more information about the classical random walks. In this dissertation, two graphs with fractal dimensions will be considered. The first one is Sierpinski gasket, a degree-4 regular graph with Hausdorff di- mension of df = ln 3/ ln 2. The second is the Cantor graph derived like Cantor set, with Hausdorff dimension of df = ln 2/ ln 3. The definitions and amplitude functions of the quantum walks will be introduced. The main part of this dissertation is to derive a recursive formula to compute the amplitude Green function. The exiting probability will be computed and compared with the classical results. When the generation of graphs goes to infinity, the recursion of the walks will be investigated and the convergence rates will be obtained and compared with the classical counterparts.
Temple University--Theses
Custodio, Ricardo Felipe. "Análise não-linear no reconhecimento de padrões sonoros : estudo de caso para sons pulmonares". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17974.
Testo completoIt has been observed that in the last decades, considerable amount of the research in the areas of Physics and Mathematics have been dedicated to the study of nonlinear phenomena. A possible explanation for this fact is the fast development of computational systems occurring in the level of the hardware as in computer languages, algorithms and programming techniques. These developments propitiated to the researchers a broader contact with nonlinear systems, which led to a better understanding of their complexity. In general, for nonlinear systems an irregular geometry is associated, where the appearance of chaotic regimes has an associated attractor set of orbits whose dimension is not a positive integer number, but a real one. Such attractors are called strange and said to possess fractal geometry. It is possible, through carefully developed methods, to estimate the dimension associated to the dynamics of time series. One of the series with high difficulty to be analyzed through a computer and of particular interest in medicine, is the time series generated out of human pulmonary sounds. Since the creation of the stethoscope, there is not yet a fully trustworthy tool for the lung sound analysis. Recently, we have studied these series and verified that they have a fractal geometry nature. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate non-linear analysis as a tool for pattern recognition in lung sounds. In addition to fractal geometry, the wavelet analysis has been used in the study of complex signs, in particular for those presenting a fractal structure. The set of filters constructed through the translation, expansion or compression of a function wavelet mother has an auto-similar structure, being particularly useful for the verification of self similarity of pulmonary sounds. The largest time dependent Lyapunov exponent estimation technique that has been proposed in this thesis has shown a high degree of confidence for the identification of lung sound patterns.
Miao, Jun Jie. "The geometry of self-affine fractals". Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/838.
Testo completoBen, Abdillah Sidi Mohamed. "Application des fractals à la conception d'antennes compactes et multibandes". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30156.
Testo completoRegarding the wireless revolution in the last years, equipments in new communications systems are getting smaller and smaller. Moreover these systems incorporate different services. For example, mobile phones operate at several communications systems (GPS, GSM, UMTS. . . ) in single and small handheld devices. These facts give more and more challenges to antenna designers. A simple approach for designing dual-band and ultra-compact antennas is proposed in this work. Stubs are placed along simple dipole for achieving dual-band feature while fractal geometry is used for minimizing the size of the antenna. The design methodology is presented. The proposed antennas are highly compact and cover a quasi-hemispherical area. Relationship between descriptors of fractal profiles and performances of the proposed antennas are discussed. Examples of these dual band compact antennas are presented and measured for validation
Baier, Tânia [UNESP]. "O nexo geometria fractal - produção da ciência contemporânea tomado como núcleo do currículo de matemática do ensino básico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102079.
Testo completoNesta tese é desenvolvida a proposta de trabalhar a Matemática no Ensino Básico segundo as concepções da ciência contemporânea. Tomou-se a Física Clássica e a Moderna e as respectivas teorias matemáticas por elas utilizadas, buscando-se explicitar as visões de homem, de mundo, de conhecimento e de ciência por elas assumidas. Privilegiou-se, nesta análise, a contraposição da ciência mecanicista em relação à sistêmica. Na primeira, o destaque sendo dado à separação sujeito/objeto, à representação do espaço físico como sendo apenas o euclidiano, ao cálculo exato, priorizando, portanto, os aspectos quantitativos da Matemática. A metáfora que diz dessa concepção é a da máquina. Na sistêmica, a metáfora que a expressa é a da rede, que diz da impossibilidade de separar o sujeito que conhece do objeto conhecido e da inexistência de uma hierarquia de a prioris. Nesta abordagem, foi destacada a importância dos padrões que emergem pelos processos iterativos, os quais geram, também, objetos fractais. O tratamento matemático estende-se do quantitativo ao qualitativo. Com a emergência do pensamento sistêmico, dá-se conta da ameaça que se anuncia à permanência da vida no planeta. Nesta investigação buscou-se trabalhar o núcleo do que está na ameaça, entendida como decorrente de praticar-se a postura mecanicista à exaustão, mostrando-se uma possibilidade de neutralizá-la por meio da adoção da postura fenomenológica, pela realização de ser-se cuidado. Ele foi tomado como central à atividade educadora articulada com a visão sistêmica da ciência.
This thesis develops a proposition about working with Mathematics in Basic Teaching (Elementary and High School), according to the conceptions of contemporary science. Classical and Modern Physics, as the mathematical theories used by those, were taken, searching to explain the visions of man, of world, of knowledge and science assumed by them. This analysis priviledges the confrontation of mechanicist science in relation to the systemic science. In the first one, the emphasis is given to the separation subject/object, to the representation of physical space as only being the Euclidian one, to the exact calculation, thus priorizing the quantitatives aspects of Mathematics. The metaphor which talks about this conception is the machine. In the systemic science, the metaphor which express it is the web, which talks about the impossibility of separating the knowing subject from the known object and the inexistence of a hierarchy of a priori. This approach has emphasized the importance of patterns emerged by the iterative processes which generate, also, fractal objects. The Mathematical treatment extend from quantitative to qualitative. With the emergency of systemic thought, one take into account the threat announced to the permanence of life on the planet. This research aimed to work over what lays in that threat, understood as a result of practicing the mechanicist attitude to the exhaustion, showing a possibility of neutralize it by the adoption of the phenomenological posture, by the achievement of one-self-being care. It was taken as central to the educational activity, articulated with the science systemic vision.
Silva, Fabio Alessandro Oliveira da. "Reconhecimento de padrões utilizando um anel de osciladores de fase". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-03022017-110130/.
Testo completoNeural networks characterized by chains of coupled oscillators are one of several types of networks which have peculiar properties related with their topological structure. The dynamics that describes the behavior of these networks is modeled by systems of differential equations, of which each neuron (node) is considered as an oscillator. Studies on such networks, in tasks of recognizing randomly generated stable patterns, have presented satisfactory computational results. This thesis proposed a theoretical and computational development that provided an algorithm for the study of the performance of neural networks in the form of Cycle-Limit oscillators of Stuart-Landau, in the recognition of fractals. In this work we will present real contexts in which we can find characteristics of this type of networks and motivations. Next, concepts of Hopfield networks, pattern recognition, fractals theories and the Stuart-Landau Cycle-Limit oscillators will be presented; these concepts, in turn, served as the main tools for the algorithm constructed that will be explained later. Before presenting it, it will be exposed how the dynamics of these oscillators can become chaotic, through computer simulations numerically altering intrinsic variables, such as firing times between neurons, or quantities of these in the system. These findings served as confirmations for elaborating and composing the algorithm, as well as guiding the simulations of the recognition of fractals. Finally, the results will be presented.
Lima, Alexandre Barbosa de. "Contribuições à modelagem de teletráfego fractal". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-30052008-152514/.
Testo completoEmpirical studies [1],[2] demonstrated that heterogeneous IP traffic has fractal properties such as impulsiveness, self-similarity, and long-range dependence over several time scales, from miliseconds to minutes. These features have motivated the development of new traffic models and traffic control algorithms. This work presents a new state-space model for teletraffic which is based on a finite-dimensional representation of the ARFIMA random process. The modeling via AutoRegressive (AR) processes is also investigated. The statistical analysis of simulated time series and real traffic traces show that the application of high-order AR models in schemes of teletraffic prediction can be highly impaired by the model identification problem. It is also demonstrated that the modeling of the long memory can be obtained at the cost of positioning one or more poles near the unit circle. Therefore, the implementation of the adjusted AR model can be unstable due to the quantization of the digital filter coefficients. The proposed long memory model has the following advantages: a) possibility of practical implementation, inasmuch it does not require infinite memory, b) explicit modeling of the low frequency region of the power spectrum, and c) forecasts can be performed via the Kalman predictor. The presented case study suggests one can apply the proposed model in periods where stationarity can be safely assumed. The results indicate that the dynamics of the Hurst parameter can be very slow in practice. Hence, the new proposed model is suitable for teletraffic prediction schemes, such as CAC and dynamic bandwidth allocation, given that the Hurst parameter can be estimated on-line via DWT.
Baier, Tânia. "O nexo "geometria fractal - produção da ciência contemporânea" tomado como núcleo do currículo de matemática do ensino básico /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102079.
Testo completoBanca: Maria Inês Fini
Banca: Silvio Donizetti de Oliveira Gallo
Banca: Suzinei Aparecida Siqueira Marconato
Banca: Ubiratan D'Ambrósio
Nesta tese é desenvolvida a proposta de trabalhar a Matemática no Ensino Básico segundo as concepções da ciência contemporânea. Tomou-se a Física Clássica e a Moderna e as respectivas teorias matemáticas por elas utilizadas, buscando-se explicitar as visões de homem, de mundo, de conhecimento e de ciência por elas assumidas. Privilegiou-se, nesta análise, a contraposição da ciência mecanicista em relação à sistêmica. Na primeira, o destaque sendo dado à separação sujeito/objeto, à representação do espaço físico como sendo apenas o euclidiano, ao cálculo exato, priorizando, portanto, os aspectos quantitativos da Matemática. A metáfora que diz dessa concepção é a da máquina. Na sistêmica, a metáfora que a expressa é a da rede, que diz da impossibilidade de separar o sujeito que conhece do objeto conhecido e da inexistência de uma hierarquia de a prioris. Nesta abordagem, foi destacada a importância dos padrões que emergem pelos processos iterativos, os quais geram, também, objetos fractais. O tratamento matemático estende-se do quantitativo ao qualitativo. Com a emergência do pensamento sistêmico, dá-se conta da ameaça que se anuncia à permanência da vida no planeta. Nesta investigação buscou-se trabalhar o núcleo do que está na ameaça, entendida como decorrente de praticar-se a postura mecanicista à exaustão, mostrando-se uma possibilidade de neutralizá-la por meio da adoção da postura fenomenológica, pela realização de ser-se cuidado. Ele foi tomado como central à atividade educadora articulada com a visão sistêmica da ciência.
This thesis develops a proposition about working with Mathematics in Basic Teaching (Elementary and High School), according to the conceptions of contemporary science. Classical and Modern Physics, as the mathematical theories used by those, were taken, searching to explain the visions of man, of world, of knowledge and science assumed by them. This analysis priviledges the confrontation of mechanicist science in relation to the systemic science. In the first one, the emphasis is given to the separation subject/object, to the representation of physical space as only being the Euclidian one, to the exact calculation, thus priorizing the quantitatives aspects of Mathematics. The metaphor which talks about this conception is the machine. In the systemic science, the metaphor which express it is the web, which talks about the impossibility of separating the knowing subject from the known object and the inexistence of a hierarchy of a priori. This approach has emphasized the importance of patterns emerged by the iterative processes which generate, also, fractal objects. The Mathematical treatment extend from quantitative to qualitative. With the emergency of systemic thought, one take into account the threat announced to the permanence of life on the planet. This research aimed to work over what lays in that threat, understood as a result of practicing the mechanicist attitude to the exhaustion, showing a possibility of neutralize it by the adoption of the phenomenological posture, by the achievement of one-self-being care. It was taken as central to the educational activity, articulated with the science systemic vision.
Doutor
Oliveira, Erneson Alves de. "Linha divisórias de águas e fraturas de caminhos ótimos em meios desordenados". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9656.
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In the nature all material breaks down depending on the value of stress applied. Depending of kind, shape and other characteristics of the material or even the stress point, we can produce distinct {it fractures}, like a tear on stressed sheet of paper, a congestion in the network traffic of a city or cracked soils by arid climates. Such fractures are economically related with the extraction of oil from the underground reservoirs, with the extraction of heat and steam from geothermal reservoirs and even the preservation of the groundwater. Phenomenologically, we can imagine that fracture processes are the ones that divides the system in two or more parts, destroying its global connectivity. In this context, we built two computer models to study, characterize and elucidate the behavior of natural phenomena similar to fracture processes. In the first model, we explored concepts of invasion percolation applied to description of the irregular geometry of the ridge of mountains that divides hydrographic basins. We shown robustly the self-similar nature of the watershed lines, with fractal exponent $D=1.21pm0.001$ for artificial uncorrelated landscapes and, $D=1.10pm0.01$ and $D=1.11pm0.01$, for real correlated landscapes of the Swiss Alps and the Himalaya Mountains, respectively. In the second model, we used optimal paths that are cracked sequentialy providing the collapse of the system, producing a percolating fracture. In the two-dimensional case, we considered artificial uncorrelated landscapes in the weak and strong disorder. In both regimes, we obtained the same fractal exponent for the backbone fracture, $D=1.22pm0.01$. For artificial correlated landscapes, we found that the fractal dimension of the backbone decreases with increasing of the {it Hurst} exponent. In the three-dimensional case, we considered only artificial uncorrelated landscapes with strong disorder. In this case, we obtained a percolating surface with fractal dimension $D=2.47pm0.05$ that cracks the system in two parts.
Na natureza todo material se quebra dependendo do valor de tensão aplicada. Dependendo do tipo, forma e outras características do material ou até mesmo do ponto de tensão, podemos produzir {it fraturas} distintas, como um rasgo em uma folha de papel tensionada, um congestionamento na rede de trânsito de uma cidade ou solos rachados por climas áridos. Tais fraturas se relacionam economicamente com a extração de petróleo de reservatórios subterrâneos, com a extração de calor e vapor de reservatórios geotérmicos e até mesmo com a preservação dos lençóis freáticos. Fenomenologicamente, podemos imaginar que processos de fraturas são aqueles que dividem o sistema em duas ou mais partes, destruindo sua conectividade global. Nesse contexto, construímos dois modelos computacionais para estudar, caracterizar e elucidar o comportamento de fenômenos naturais semelhantes aos processos de fraturas. No primeiro modelo, exploramos conceitos de percolação invasiva aplicados à descrição da geometria irregular das cumeeiras de montanhas que dividem bacias hidrográficas. Mostramos de forma robusta o carácter auto-similar das linhas de divisores de águas, com expoente fractal $D=1.21pm0.001$ para paisagens artificiais não-correlacionadas e, $D=1.10pm0.01$ e $D=1.11pm0.01$ para paisagens correlacionadas reais dos Alpes Suíços e das Montanhas do Himalaia, respectivamente. No segundo modelo, utilizamos caminhos ótimos que são sequencialmente interrompidos, levando ao colapso do sistema, produzindo uma fratura percolante. No caso bidimensional, consideramos paisagens artificiais não-correlacionadas com desordem fraca e forte. Em ambos os regimes obtivemos o mesmo expoente fractal para o esqueleto da fratura, $D=1.22pm0.01$. Para paisagens artificiais correlacionadas, encontramos que a dimensão fractal do esqueleto da fratura decresce com o aumento do expoente de {it Hurst}. No caso tridimensional, consideramos apenas paisagens não-correlacionadas artificiais com desordem forte. Nesse caso, obtivemos uma superfície percolante com dimensão fractal $D=2.47pm0.05$ que fratura o sistema em duas partes.
Barros, Marcelo Miranda. "A dimensão fractal de fenômenos físicos dos sistemas geométricos fractais". Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, 2011. https://tede.lncc.br/handle/tede/158.
Testo completoThe physics associated to geometric fractal systems is investigated. Discrete and continuous models, from statics and dynamics as well as computational and physical experiments help defining and evaluating dimensions associated to the physics of the systems. It is shown the relation between the mechanical dimensions (flexibility and dynamical) and the geometric fractal dimension. Moments of order 2 are shown to be useful in identifying randomness in the generation process of geometry. Mixed fractals are defined by more than one law of formation or organization: the case of alternating laws is studied. Weierstrass-Mandelbrot systems (SWM) are defined through a properly summation of senoidal functions, each with amplitude proportional to the associated period squared. A dimension for SWM is defined. An origin for 1/f noises from SWM is proposed. A new method to determine fractal dimensions is proposed. It consists in taking successive samples from the object and relating a given property with the size of the sample, called sampling method. It is tested with Koch, mixed and Weierstrass systems. Branched systems (fractal trees) in 2D are studied under the solid mechanics approach. It is shown that Murray's law corresponds to the state of constant normal stress in solids. A mechanical efficiency (stiffness x weight) of beams with cross sections given by a Sierpinski system is studied. Defined by the proportion between geometric mechanical stiffness (moment of inertia) and the cross section area squared, the efficiency is shown to grow with the advance of orders. In this way, the more porous the more efficient is the beam.
Estuda-se a física associada a sistemas geométricos fractais. Por meio de modelos discreto e contínuo, da estática e da dinâmica e de experimentos computacionais e físicos definem-se e avaliam-se dimensões associadas à física dos sistemas. Mostra-se a relação existente entre as dimensões da mecânica (da flexibilidade e da dinâmica) e a dimensão fractal geométrica. Nota-se que momentos de ordem 2 são úteis na identificação de aleatoriedade no processo de geração da geometria. Definem-se fractais mistos como aqueles que apresentam mais de uma lei de formação ou organização. Estudou-se o caso que alterna entre duas ou mais leis. Definem-se sistemas de Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (SWM) a partir da soma apropriada de funções senoidais, cada uma com amplitude proporcional ao quadrado do período associado. Define-se uma dimensão para os SWM. Propõe-se uma origem para os ruídos do tipo 1/f a partir de SWM. Propõe-se um método para estimação de dimensões fractais a partir da relação entre amostras sucessivas do objeto, denominado método da amostragem. Testa-se numericamente o método nos sistemas de Koch, misto e Weierstrass, com êxito. Estuda-se sistemas ramificados (árvores fractais) em 2D sob a abordagem da mecânica dos sólidos. Mostra-se que a lei de Murray tem sua equivalência na mecânica dos sólidos pelo estado de tensão normal constante em todas as ordens. É estudada a eficiência mecânica (rigidez x peso) de vigas com seções transversais dadas por um sistema de Sierpinski. Mostra-se que a eficiência definida pela razão entre a rigidez mecânica geométrica (momento de inércia) e o quadrado da área da seção transversal aumenta com o avanço nas ordens. Desta forma, quanto mais porosa mais eficiente é a viga
Bodin, Mats. "Characterisations of function spaces on fractals". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-580.
Testo completoHu, Jiaxin. "Nonlinear partial differential equations on fractals". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15180.
Testo completoEl-Nouty, Charles. "Lois limites sur les processus fractals". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066110.
Testo completoPerreau, Michel. "Ordre et désordre dans les fractals". Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077078.
Testo completoStarosolski, Andrzej. "Filtres fractals, contours et supercontours séquentiels". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS051.
Testo completoTan, Bo. "Suites de faible complexité et fractals". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112145.
Testo completoThis work deals with sequences of low complexity. Their properties are studied from different viewpoints: combinatorial, arithmetic, and geometric. The four first chapters are devoted to study the following properties of sequences over a two-letter alphabet: factors composition matrix, geometric generation of sturmian sequences, local isomorphism, and characterization of substitutions having two fixed points which differ only by a prefix. In the following two chapters, substitutions on a three-letter alphabet are studied. In chapter 7, it is shown that the spectrum of a discrete Schrodinger operator whose potential is generated by a primitive and non-periodic substitution has zero Lebesgue measure. The last chapter deals with topological properties of attractors of IFSs
Prehl, Janett Hoffmann Karl-Heinz. "Diffusion on fractals Diffusion auf Fraktalen /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Cerca il testo completoSellami, Tarek. "Dynamique commune des fractals de rauzy de même matrice d' incidence". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4030/document.
Testo completoThe matrix of a substitution is not sufficient to completely determine the dynamics associated with it, even in the simplest cases since there are many words with the same abelianization. In this paper we study the common points of the canonical broken lines associated with two different irreducible Pisot unimodular substitutions σ1 and σ2 having the same incidence matrix. We prove that if σ1 verifies the Pisot conjecture and 0 is an inner point to the Rauzy fractal associated with the substitution σ1 then these common points can be generated with a substitution on an alphabet of so-called balanced pairs, and we obtain in this way the intersection of the interior of two Rauzy fractals
Medeiros, Everton Santos. "Fenomenologias no espaço de parâmetros de osciladores caóticos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-31102014-120720/.
Testo completoThe main results reported along this text come from observations in numerical experiments, however, in most cases, results are explained by theoretical instruments or heuristic models. Initially we introduced in the equations that describe chaotic oscillators, a small periodic perturbation to observe, in the parameter space, the portion of parameters whose chaotic behavior is extinguished. Thus, we find that the set of parameters corresponding to the extinct chaotic orbits correspond to replicas of previously complex periodic windows existing in the unperturbed system. Subsequently, using the torsion properties of state spaces of chaotic oscillators, we visualize transitions within the complex periodic windows. When we consider sequences of these windows from the perspective of torsion properties of the state space, we observe the existence of rules that relate consecutive windows along these sequences. Additionally, in the parameter space of chaotic oscillators and additional dynamical systems, we estimate the dimension of the boundary between the set of parameters that leads to periodic solutions and the set that leads to chaotic attractors. For the systems considered here, the values for this dimension are in the same confidence interval, indicating that this dimension is universal.
Nascimento, Maristel do. "Uma proposta metodológica para o ensino de geometria fractal em sala de aula na educação básica". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1235.
Testo completoA presente dissertação trata do ensino de Geometria proposto nas Diretrizes Curriculares Estaduais de Matemática do Paraná. Neste documento a orientação é que, paralelamente, ao ensino dos conceitos de geometria euclidiana também sejam contemplados tópicos de Geometria Fractal. O objetivo da investigação foi propor diferentes atividades de ensino, que permitam aos alunos perceberem a existência e as características básicas da Geometria Fractal. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o estudo inseriu-se numa pesquisa qualitativa, baseado num estudo, envolvendo alunos da 1ª série do Ensino Médio de um colégio público estadual da cidade de Ponta Grossa (PR). A pesquisa orientou-se pela seguinte questão: Como introduzir os conceitos básicos de Geometria Fractal no Ensino Médio, por meio de diferentes atividades? Os dados foram recolhidos a partir da aplicação de uma oficina, envolvendo esta geometria. A investigação evidenciou a defasagem dos alunos que iniciam o Ensino Médio, em relação à compreensão dos conceitos geométricos básicos e também que é possível o professor abordar outras geometrias integradas ao ensino desde que busque atividades diferenciadas que possibilite aos alunos uma participação ativa no processo ensino e aprendizagem.
The present investigation deals with the teaching of geometry proposed by the Curriculum Guidelines for Mathematics State of Parana. In this guidance document that is parallel to teaching the concepts of Euclidean geometry are also covered topics Fractal Geometry. The aim of the research was to propose different teaching activities that allow students to realize the existence and basic characteristics of fractal geometry and also present an educational booklet to help teachers in tackling this issue. From the methodological point of view the study was part of a qualitative study, based on a study involving students from one grade of high school to a state public school of Ponta Grossa in Parana state. The research was guided by the following question: The use of diversified activities that can contribute to high school students understand the basic concepts of fractal geometry? Data were collected from the application of a workshop involving this geometry. The investigation showed the gap of pupils starting secondary school in relation to the basic understanding of geometric concepts and that the teacher can address other geometries integrated education from the different activities that seeks to enable students to participate actively in the learning process.
Mucheroni, Laís Fernandes. "Dimensão de Hausdorff e algumas aplicações /". Rio Claro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151653.
Testo completoCoorientador: Tatiana Miguel Rodrigues de Souza
Banca: Elíris Cristina Rizziolli
Banca: Edivaldo Lopes dos Santos
Resumo: Intuitivamente, um ponto tem dimensão 0, uma reta tem dimensão 1, um plano tem dimensão 2 e um cubo tem dimensão 3. Porém, na geometria fractal encontramos objetos matemáticos que possuem dimensão fracionária. Esses objetos são denominados fractais cujo nome vem do verbo "frangere", em latim, que significa quebrar, fragmentar. Neste trabalho faremos um estudo sobre o conceito de dimensão, definindo dimensão topológica e dimensão de Hausdorff. O objetivo deste trabalho é, além de apresentar as definições de dimensão, também apresentar algumas aplicações da dimensão de Hausdorff na geometria fractal
Abstract: We know, intuitively, that the dimension of a dot is 0, the dimension of a line is 1, the dimension of a square is 2 and the dimension of a cube is 3. However, in the fractal geometry we have objects with a fractional dimension. This objects are called fractals whose name comes from the verb frangere, in Latin, that means breaking, fragmenting. In this work we will study about the concept of dimension, de ning topological dimension and Hausdor dimension. The purpose of this work, besides presenting the de nitions of dimension, is to show an application of the Hausdor dimension on the fractal geometry
Mestre
Wilkinson, Daniel Brian 1958. "The fractal nature of biological aggregates". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277188.
Testo completoSchulzky, Christian Berthold. "Anomalous Diffusion and Random Walks on Fractals". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2000. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200000705.
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