Bibliografie tematiche / Fouling

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Fouling"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Fouling"

1

Meng, Xianghao, Shujuan Meng e Yu Liu. "The Limitations in Current Studies of Organic Fouling and Future Prospects". Membranes 11, n. 12 (25 novembre 2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120922.

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Abstract (sommario):
Microfiltration and ultrafiltration for water/wastewater treatment have gained global attention due to their high separation efficiency, while membrane fouling still remains one of their bottlenecks. In such a situation, many researchers attempt to obtain a deep understanding of fouling mechanisms and to develop effective fouling controls. Therefore, this article intends to trigger discussions on the appropriate choice of foulant surrogates and the application of mathematic models to analyze fouling mechanisms in these filtration processes. It has been found that the commonly used foulant surrogate (sodium alginate) cannot ideally represent the organic foulants in practical feed water to explore the fouling mechanisms. More surrogate foulants or extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extracted from practical source water may be more suitable for use in the studies of membrane fouling problems. On the other hand, the support vector machine (SVM) which focuses on the general trends of filtration data may work as a more powerful simulation tool than traditional empirical models to predict complex filtration behaviors. Careful selection of foulant surrogate substances and the application of accurate mathematical modeling for fouling mechanisms would provide deep insights into the fouling problems.
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2

Peiris, R. H., H. Budman, R. L. Legge e C. Moresoli. "Assessing irreversible fouling behavior of membrane foulants in the ultrafiltration of natural water using principal component analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices". Water Supply 11, n. 2 (1 aprile 2011): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.025.

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Abstract (sommario):
Natural river water is comprised of different foulant components such as natural organic matter and colloidal/particulate matter. Both individual and combined contributions of these foulant components results in different fouling behaviour. The ability to characterize these contributions that lead to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling would be beneficial for the implementation of fouling monitoring and control strategies for membrane-based drinking water treatment operations. A fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and principal component analysis-based approach was able to qualitatively estimate the accumulation of humic substances (HS)-, protein- and colloidal/particulate matter-like foulant components in membranes during the ultrafiltration (UF) of natural river water. A bench-scale flat sheet UF cross-flow set-up and successive permeation and membrane backwashing cycles were used. Analysis of the accumulation of these foulant components revealed that the increased levels of colloidal/particulate matter accumulation in the membranes appeared to have increased the extent of irreversible fouling by HS-like matter whereas lower irreversible fouling by protein-like matter was observed with increased colloidal/particulate matter accumulation. The results also indicate that the combined contributions by these foulants are important in the fouling of membranes during the UF of river water.
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3

Xu, Tingting, Jie Song e Guangli Xiu. "Study on the cross-flow ultrafiltration of mixtures of macromolecular organic and inorganic salts". Water Science and Technology 85, n. 6 (24 febbraio 2022): 1754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.066.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely applied to water treatment in the past few decades, but severe membrane fouling is one of the most significant obstacles for its further development. In reality, the constituents of feed water are complex, and the fouling behavior could be different from that induced by a single foulant. In this study, the membrane fouling induced by mixed organic foulant (sodium alginate, SA) and inorganic ions under various conditions were investigated. The effects of ion concentration and valence on the combined fouling as well as the rejection performance were examined. The results showed that compared to SA alone, the presence of inorganic ions could aggravate the organic fouling of UF membranes significantly. The fouling became more severe as the ion concentration increased. Also, ions with higher valence tended to exacerbate the fouling compared with monovalent ions. It was also found that the existence of inorganic ions had negligible effects on the rejection of organic molecules, however, the rejection of salts can be improved because of the organic matter. In addition, the analysis of the classic fouling models showed that the complete blocking model is the main fouling mechanism of the mixed SA and inorganic salts.
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4

Nghiem, Long Duc, Christiane Espendiller e Gerd Braun. "Influence of organic and colloidal fouling on the removal of sulphamethoxazole by nanofiltration membranes". Water Science and Technology 58, n. 1 (1 luglio 2008): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.647.

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This study investigated the effects of organic and colloidal fouling on the removal of a representative micropollutant sulphamethoxazole by two commercially available NF membranes. Alginate, bovine serum albumin and colloidal silica were selected as model foulants to simulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic fractions, and colloidal matter that are often found in treated effluent and surface water. Membrane fouling was related to the membrane and foulant characteristics and subsequently the separation behaviour of the micropollutant sulphamethoxazole under different solution pH. On the basis of these results, it was confirmed that membrane fouling is strongly dependent on both the foulant and membrane characteristics. The complex relationship among retention mechanisms, fouling mechanisms and the effects of fouling on retention was systematically delineated. Of the three model foulants selected for this study, colloidal fouling resulted in the most significant reduction in retention of sulphamethoxazole as well as inorganic salts, while flux decline as a result of colloidal fouling was quite moderate. Reduction in retention caused by fouling was attributed to a phenomenon known as cake-enhance concentration polarisation, which was a predominant mechanism of colloidal fouling. In addition, the reported results suggested that the effect of fouling on retention is also membrane pore size dependent.
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5

Moyo, Welldone, Machawe M. Motsa, Nhamo Chaukura, Titus A. M. Msagati, Bhekie B. Mamba, Sebastiaan G. J. Heijman e Thabo T. I. Nkambule. "Fundamental fouling mechanisms of dissolved organic matter fractions and their implications on the surface modifications of ceramic nanofiltration membranes: insights from a laboratory scale application". Water Science and Technology 80, n. 9 (1 novembre 2019): 1702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.419.

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Abstract This work reports on the fundamental factors influencing inter-foulant and foulant-membrane interactions during simulated dissolved organic matter removal using ceramic nanofiltration. Fouling tests were performed using sodium alginate (SAL), humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model foulants. Fouling potentials of each foulant and their mixtures were investigated using feed solutions containing fixed concentrations of K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ with a total ionic strength of 10 mM. The impact of modification by atomic layer deposition on fouling mitigation was also assessed. The flux decline in the first 100 min for single foulants was 4.16 × 10−2, 2.69 × 10−2 and 1.60 × 10−2 Lm−2 for SAL, HA and BSA, respectively. These results demonstrated that for the single foulants, deposition on the membrane surface in the early stages of filtration was primarily governed by membrane-foulant interactions. Interestingly, cake filtration was the least fouling mechanism in feed solutions composed of BSA and SAL (R2 = 0.519, 0.374 for BSA + SAL and BSA + SAL + HA, respectively) and the most favorable fouling mechanism of feed solution which included HA and SAL (R2 = 0.972). The water contact angle dropped from 58o to 35° after coating, thus improving its anti-fouling properties.
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Yan, Linlin, Ruixue Li, Yu Song, Yanping Jia, Zheng Li, Lianfa Song e Haifeng Zhang. "Characterization of the Fouling Layer on the Membrane Surface in a Membrane Bioreactor: Evolution of the Foulants’ Composition and Aggregation Ability". Membranes 9, n. 7 (16 luglio 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070085.

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In this study, the characteristics of membrane foulants were analyzed with regard to morphology, composition, and aggregation ability during the three stages of transmembrane pressure (TMP) development (fast–slow–fast rise in TMP) in a steady operational membrane bioreactor (MBR). The results obtained show that the fouling layer at the slow TMP-increase stage possessed a higher average roughness (71.27 nm) and increased fractal dimension (2.33), which resulted in a low membrane fouling rate (0.87 kPa/d). A higher extracellular DNA (eDNA) proportion (26.12%) in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) resulted in both higher zeta potential (-23.3 mV) and higher hydrophobicity (82.3%) for initial foulants, which induced and increased the protein proportion in the subsequent fouling layer (74.11%). Furthermore, the main composition of the EPS shifted from protein toward polysaccharide dominance in the final fouling layer. The aggregation test confirmed that eDNA was essential for foulant aggregation in the initial fouling layer, whereas ion interaction significantly affected foulant aggregation in the final fouling layer.
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7

Ouyang, Rulu, Bin Huang, Chun-Hai Wei, Hongwei Rong, Huarong Yu, Fangshu Qu, Kang Xiao e Xia Huang. "Cake Layer Fouling Potential Characterization for Wastewater Reverse Osmosis via Gradient Filtration". Membranes 12, n. 8 (21 agosto 2022): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080810.

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Abstract (sommario):
It is of great importance to quantitatively characterize feed fouling potential for the effective and efficient prevention and control of reverse osmosis membrane fouling. A gradient filtration method with microfiltration (MF 0.45 μm) → ultrafiltration (UF 100 kDa) → nanofiltration (NF 300 Da) was proposed to extract the cake layer fouling index, I, of different feed foulants in this study. MF, UF, and NF showed high rejection of model suspended solids (kaolin), colloids (sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin), and dissolved organic matters (humic acid) during constant-pressure individual filtration tests, where the cake layer was the dominant fouling mechanism, with I showing a good linear positive correlation with the foulant concentration. MF → UF → NF gradient filtration tests of synthetic wastewater (i.e., model mixture) showed that combined models were more effective than single models to analyze membrane fouling mechanisms. For each membrane of gradient filtration, I showed a positive correlation with the targeted foulant concentration. Therefore, a quantitative assessment method based on MF → UF → NF gradient filtration, the correlation of combined fouling models, and the calculation of I would be useful for characterizing the fouling potentials of different foulants. This method was further successfully applied for characterizing the fouling potential of real wastewater (i.e., sludge supernatant from a membrane bioreactor treating dyeing and finishing wastewater).
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Mulyawan, Rizka, e Agam Muarif. "A Review Of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fouling: Formation and Control". International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 1, n. 3 (7 luglio 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v1i3.127.

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Abstract (sommario):
Membrane application in reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is getting more attention especially in producing drinking water. However, RO membrane faces challenges that reduces its performance such as its permeation flux, salt rejection, additional energy demand, lifetime decrease, extra pre-treatment process, cleaning and maintenance. The challenge is the formation of fouling. RO membrane fouling can happen inside or outside the membrane and the characteristics of membrane fouling differs from one type to other types, depending on the nature and location of membrane fouling. There are several types of RO fouling, which are Biofouling, Organic Fouling, Inorganic Fouling and Colloidal Fouling. The causes of RO membrane are different from one to another. The properties and materials of the solution entering RO membrane are important as it affects the type of fouling of RO membrane fouling. All of the RO membrane foulings need to be considered during membrane usage and demand solution to be controlled. In order to control the fouling in Reverse Osmosis membrane, there have been several control solutions discovered to the membrane fouling challenges. The control solutions are specified to each one of the fouling, in spite of wide applications for some of it. The control solutions are pre-treatment, which has many methods such as photo oxidation, coagulation, scale inhibitor, ion exchange resins, granular media and membrane treatment, membrane monitoring, membrane cleaning, surface modification, and material addition to membrane or novel membrane material. With various control solutions discovered, the RO membrane still faces fouling issue and is still demanding some more advanced applicable control solutions.
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Chang, Z. H., Y. H. Teow, S. P. Yeap e J. Y. Sum. "Membrane Fouling – The Enemy of Forward Osmosis". Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology 25, n. 2 (7 luglio 2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/amst.v25n2.220.

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Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotically driven membrane separation process. It is potentially applied in various industries for nutrient recovery and water reclamation. Although FO showed a lesser fouling tendency than other pressure-driven membrane processes, the solutes in the feed solution would still deposit on the membrane surface, forming a fouling layer that resists water permeation. For that reason, fouling mitigation is a trending issue in the FO process. A better understanding of the fouling mechanism is required before opting for the appropriate strategy to mitigate it. This article describes the fouling mechanism based on different foulant presented in the feed, followed by a method in relieving fouling in the FO process.
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Buchori, Luqman, Heru Susanto e Budiyono Budiyono. "SINTESIS MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI NON FOULING UNTUK APLIKASI PEMPROSESAN BAHAN PANGAN". Reaktor 13, n. 1 (3 febbraio 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.1.10-15.

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Abstract (sommario):
Membran ultrafiltrasi (UF) telah terbukti sebagai proses yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi di bidang pemprosesan bahan pangan. Namun, peristiwa fouling dapat menurunkan kinerja membran secara signifikan. Meskipun banyak metode pengendalian fouling telah diusulkan, dalam banyak kasus kinerja proses sangat dipengaruhi oleh membran sebagai jantung dari proses. Dalam makalah ini pengendalian fouling dilakukan dengan memodifikasi permukaan membran dengan teknik kopolimerisasi foto-grafting. Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamido methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), dan N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-(3sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine sebagai senyawa zwitterion (ZI) digunakan sebagai monomer fungsional. Pengaruh waktu iradiasi terhadap efektifitas modifikasi telah diamati. Kinerja membran hasil modifikasi kemudian diuji dengan menggunakan berbagai model larutan foulant yang meliputi larutan protein, larutan polisakarida dan larutan polifenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat non fouling membran sangat jelas dapat ditingkatkan baik dengan PEGMA maupun dengan ZI. Secara umum, modifikasi menggunakan PEGMA menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik. Larutan polifenol menunjukkan karakter foulant yang paling kuat diantara model foulant.
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Tesi sul tema "Fouling"

1

Alharthi, Majed. "Fouling and cleaning studies of protein fouling at pasteurisation temperatures". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4892/.

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Fouling and cleaning processes impact industrial production, in terms of economics, product quality, product safety, and plant efficiency. Therefore, optimisation of fouling and cleaning processes is a significant issue, and needs a good understanding of fouling and cleaning kinetics. Ideal monitors should determine the right time when a process run should stop and when a plant will be clean in order to improve the process efficiency. This thesis investigated the fouling and cleaning behaviour of dairy fluids in a plate heat exchanger (PHE) and bench scale fouling rig, using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and WPC-/m (with added minerals) as fluid models. Fouling and cleaning monitoring methods were also investigated as new ways to operate and control the processes. Experiments displayed that fouling increased with increasing protein concentration up to a limit of approx. β-Lg 0.3 wt. %. Increasing the flow rate from 100 to 150 l/h decreased the Δ(ΔP) fouling rate for β-Lg concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5wt.% by 34, 70 and 72.7%, respectively, due to the increasing of shear stresses at the heat transfer surface. Adding minerals to WPC has lowered the temperature at which β-Lg begins to denature. The differences in fouling behaviour of WPC and WPCm had an effect on cleaning behaviour. Increasing the mineral content in WPC deposits leads to cleaning behaviour which differs completely from that of proteinaceous deposit as no pressure peak is observed.
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Fryer, P. J. "Modelling heat exchanger fouling". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377221.

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Helalizadeh, Abbas. "Mixed salt crystallisation fouling". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844179/.

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The main purpose of this investigation was to study the mechanisms of mixed salt crystallisation fouling on heat transfer surfaces during convective heat transfer and sub-cooled flow boiling conditions. To-date no investigations on the effects of operating parameters on the deposition of mixtures of calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate, which are the most common constituents of scales formed on heat transfer surfaces, have been reported. As part of this research project, a substantial number of experiments were performed to determine the mechanisms controlling deposition. Fluid velocity, heat flux, surface and bulk temperatures, concentration of the solution, ionic strength, pressure and heat transfer surface material were varied systematically. After clarification of the effect of these parameters on the deposition process, the results of these experiments were used to develop a mechanistic model for prediction of fouling resistances, caused by crystallisation of mixed salts, under convective heat transfer and subcooled flow boiling conditions. It was assumed that the deposition process of calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate takes place in two successive events. These events are the combined effects related to transport phenomena and chemical kinetics. The effect of the extra deposition created on the heat transfer surface due to sub-cooled flow boiling was considered by inclusion of an enhancement factor. The newly developed model takes into account the effects of all important parameters on scaling phenomena and also considers the simultaneous precipitation and competition of various minerals in the scale formation process. Model predictions were compared with the measured experimental data when calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate form and deposit on the heat transfer surface simultaneously. While deviations ranging from 6% to 25% between model predictions and measured experimental data can be considered good in the context of such a complex process, fouling morphology is clearly a factor to be considered in more detail. This is particularly problematic in the context of more complex fouling solutions encountered in industry. Furthermore, the crystalline samples were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, X- Ray Diffraction and Ion Chromatography techniques. Fractal analysis performed on Scanning Electron Microscopy photographs of the deposits was used to quantify deposit characteristics by introducing a new quantity called the fractal dimension.
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Lewis, William J. T. "Advanced studies of membrane fouling : investigation of cake fouling using fluid dynamic gauging". Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646145.

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Membrane filtrations are widely used in process industries but are almost always limited by fouling, a highly studied and significant problem. This is defined as unwanted material deposited on a membrane surface or within its pores, which can significantly impair performance and/or reduce operating life. The strategies to mitigate fouling include cleaning in place, modified membranes, and optimisation of operating conditions. In order to correctly select or target improvements to any such measures a detailed mechanistic understanding of the fouling process is important, which requires more than just performance data from unit operations. One key mechanism is that of cake fouling, which describes the build-up of particle layers on the surface of the membrane. Its growth and physical properties are difficult to assess. In this project the technique of fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) has been explored as a means to study cake fouling. This simple, yet robust method allows for estimation of thickness and strength of cake fouling at high concentrations and opacity, without any prerequisite knowledge of feed properties. Studies described herein focused on microfiltrations through cellulosic membranes. FDG was used to track cake growth during filtrations of polydisperse yeast suspensions (which contained large agglomerates), demonstrating its capability to work with non-ideal, food-like substances. Later studies used more predictable suspensions of hollow glass spheres, which were used to assess various filtration models. The most effective was found to be an interpretation of the critical flux laws, which were used to successfully identify pore fouling during filtrations of Kraft lignin, an observation supported by FDG measurements. Another novel achievement of this project was the development of an automated apparatus for performing FDG in cross-flow membrane filtration. This allowed for much faster acquisition of results, and demonstrated the potential for its development into an autonomous system capable of making thickness measurements on the fly during filtrations. The most reliable protocol for determining cake growth rates was by repeated filtrations in which destructive thickness testing was performed at selected time points. This was because continuous or even repeated thickness measurements during a single filtration were found to cause too much disturbance to the fouling layer. Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate shear stress profiles on the fouling layer, while also providing a more accurate means to calibrate the automated apparatus. Erosion caused by FDG readings, when viewed under a microscope, was found to conform to the shear stress profiles predicted by simulations.
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Shi, Xinlong. "Membrane fouling of activated sludge". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30731884.

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Sandberg, Jan. "Fouling in biomass fired boilers". Licentiate thesis, Västerås : Department of Public Technology, Mälardalen University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-219.

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Sandberg, Jan. "Fouling in biomass fired boilers". Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13204.

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This thesis describes a detailed investigation into fouling in biomass fired boilers according to fuel mixture, combustion conditions, transportation of particles by the flue gas and the probability of particles impinging and sticking onto heat transfer tubes. The effects of fouling on overall boiler performance and the efficacy of soot blowing are also investigated. Both theoretical simulations and practical experiments on a 157 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler are presented. The deposit thickness on and around a heat exchanger tube is shown to be mainly dependent on the ash particle size, as particles larger than 10 µm (Stokes number larger than 0.1) mainly impinge on the windward side of tubes. The study also shows that fuel containing small amounts of chlorine and zinc – common elements in recycled wood – may cause both higher deposit growth rates and rapid increases in corrosion rates. These elements (chlorine and zinc), together with alkali metals from the biomass have the potential to form sticky compounds that increase the deposit growth rate. Reducing deposits by soot blowing is very effective at removing loose deposits but the hard sintered part of the deposits is almost unaffected. The use of recycled wood has a larger impact on the deposit growth rate than the soot blowing interval. Numerical simulations show that deposits on the superheater tubes redistribute the heat transfer rate from the superheaters to reheater 1 and partially redistribute turbine power from the high pressure turbine to the intermediate pressure turbine
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Bradley, Stuart Edward. "Fouling resistant heat exchanger design". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239799.

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Shi, Xinlong, e 史昕龍. "Membrane fouling of activated sludge". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30731884.

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Howell, John Michael. "Whey permeate fouling of evaporators". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10686.

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Whey permeate fouling was studied to gain a better understanding of the processes involved and find methods of alleviation. An apparatus was built which allowed study of fouling under industrial conditions. It was found that pretreatment by heating at 80°C for two minutes and then centrifuging at 630 g reduced fouling in the apparatus by 94%. This was attributed to precipitation of calcium phosphate in the solution bulk during preheating, which reduced the level of supersaturation. Heat treatment with the same conditions but without centrifuging reduced fouling by only 39%. Precipitate which forms in the bulk of solution fouls in later heat treatment processes and separation of the precipitated mineral is needed to minimise fouling. Storage time affected fouling. In the short term (about 2 weeks), fouling slightly increased with storage time. When held for longer times (about 1 month) whey permeate did not appreciably foul. The use of additives was also found to be an effective alleviation method, reducing fouling by 66% with 0.1% addition (by dry weight) of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. This addition would increase the price of a ton of lactose by $16.32 /ton. Nanoftltration, ion dialysis and electrodialysis were also examined, but rejected as being uneconomic. By observing the effect of preheating and storage time it was proposed that calcium phosphate exists in whey in two forms. The majority of the minerals are associated with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) species, which tends to provide stability and prevent precipitation. In the other form the calcium phosphate is in solution as free ions. When the NPN species release minerals due to cleavage by enzymes or denaturation by heat, the concentration of ionic species increases past the solubility product and precipitation occurs.
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Libri sul tema "Fouling"

1

Huuhilo, Tiina. Fouling, prevention of fouling, and cleaning in filtration. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2005.

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2

Simone, Dürr, e Thomason Jeremy, a cura di. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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3

Dürr, Simone. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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4

Tsados, Andrew. Gas-side fouling studies. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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5

Melo, L. F., T. R. Bott e C. A. Bernardo, a cura di. Fouling Science and Technology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2813-8.

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6

NATO Advanced Study Institute on Advances in Fouling Science and Technology (1987 Alvor, Portugal). Fouling science and technology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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7

Bott, T. R. Fouling of heat exchangers. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995.

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8

V, Bocharov B., e Institut problem ėkologii i ėvoli͡u︡t͡s︡ii im. A.N. Severt͡s︡ova., a cura di. Biopovrezhdenii͡a︡, obrastanie i zashchita ot nego: Klimaticheskie, biokhimicheskie i ėkotoksikologicheskie faktory. Moskva: "Nauka", 1996.

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9

Partaly, E. M. Obrastanie v Azovskom more =: Fouling in the Sea of Azov. Mariupolʹ: Renata, 2003.

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Zvi︠a︡gint︠s︡ev, A. I︠U︡. Morskoe obrastanie v severo-zapadnoĭ chasti Tikhogo okeana. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2005.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Fouling"

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Giorno, Lidietta, e Napoleone D’Agostino. "Fouling". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 807–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_366.

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Giorno, Lidietta, e Napoleone D’Agostino. "Fouling". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_366-1.

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3

Gooch, Jan W. "Fouling". In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 323. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5254.

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Somerscales, Euan F. C. "Fouling". In Two-Phase Flow Heat Exchangers, 407–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2790-2_12.

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Thulukkanam, Kuppan. "Fouling". In Heat Exchangers, 62–127. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352068-2.

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6

Howell, J. A., e M. Nyström. "Fouling Phenomena". In Membranes in Bioprocessing: Theory and Applications, 203–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2156-9_6.

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7

Jiang, Zhongyi, Xueting Zhao, Jinming Peng, Yanlei Su e Hong Wu. "Fouling Release". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 815–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1282.

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Le-Clech, Pierre. "Reversible Fouling". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1736. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1709.

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D’Agostino, Napoleone, e Lidietta Giorno. "Fouling Index". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 812–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_239.

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Fane, Tony. "Irreversible Fouling". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1070–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_328.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Fouling"

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Li, Wei. "A Theoretical Analysis of Fouling: Oscillatory Asymptotic Fouling Model". In 8th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3320.

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Skiepko, Teodor. "FOULING SHAPE - YET ANOTHER FACTOR TO MITIGATE FOULING THERMAL RESISTANCE". In Proceedings of an International Conference on Mitigation of Heat Exchanger Fouling and Its Economic and Environmental Implications. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/1-56700-172-6.300.

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Yang, Qingfeng, Jie Ding e Zi-Qiu Shen. "SAM HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE FOULING BEHAVIOR AND FOULING FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS". In Proceedings of an International Conference on Mitigation of Heat Exchanger Fouling and Its Economic and Environmental Implications. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/1-56700-172-6.260.

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Panchal, C. B. "REVIEW OF FOULING MECHANISMS". In Proceedings of an International Conference on Mitigation of Heat Exchanger Fouling and Its Economic and Environmental Implications. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/1-56700-172-6.20.

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Bott, T. Reg. "FOULING: NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES". In Proceedings of an International Conference on Mitigation of Heat Exchanger Fouling and Its Economic and Environmental Implications. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/1-56700-172-6.10.

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Bott, T. Reg. "Fouling Control and Energy Conservation". In 2007 International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies: Theory and Application. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/theta.2007.363440.

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Birmingham, Joseph G., e Donald J. Hammerstrom. "Fouling Prevention Using Plasma Catalysis". In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3641.

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Perry, Jeffrey L., e Satish G. Kandlikar. "Investigation of Fouling in Microchannels". In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96248.

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Abstract (sommario):
Particulate fouling in microchannels is a subject that is largely unexplored. It does, however, have significant implications for all microchannel flows since the hydraulic diameters are very small and consequently are susceptible to excessively large pressure drops. The significant forces for dilute solutions of silica particles ranging from 3 to 10 μm are studied in rectangular microchannels made in silicon with a hydraulic diameter of 106 μm. The effects of zeta potential which is pH driven, lift force on the particulates and their fouling characteristics are evaluated by measuring the pressure drop across the microchannel test section.
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Kurz, Rainer, e Klaus Brun. "Fouling Mechanisms in Axial Compressors". In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45012.

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Abstract (sommario):
Fouling of compressor blades is an important mechanism leading to performance deterioration in gas turbines over time. Fouling is caused by the adherence of particles to airfoils and annulus surfaces. Particles that cause fouling are typically smaller than 2 to 10 microns. Smoke, oil mists, carbon, and sea salts are common examples. Fouling can be controlled by appropriate air filtration systems, and can often be reversed to some degree by detergent washing of components. The adherence of particles is impacted by oil or water mists. The result is a build-up of material that causes increased surface roughness and to some degree changes the shape of the airfoil (if the material build up forms thicker layers of deposits). Fouling mechanisms are evaluated based on observed data, and a discussion on fouling susceptibility is provided. A particular emphasis will be on the capabilities of modern air filtration systems.
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Bott, T. Reg. "MITIGATION OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOULING". In Advances in Heat Transfer Engineering. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/bht4.30.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Fouling"

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Xu, Xuewei. Development of Low Fouling and High Fouling-release Zwitterionic Marine Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, gennaio 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627839.

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Malik, Aslam A. Fluoroelastomer Fouling Release Coating. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351696.

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Kuru, W. C., e C. B. Panchal. High-temperature organic-fluid fouling unit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510329.

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Stein, Judith, Christina D. Wood, Kathryn Truby, Owen Harblin e James Resue. Nontoxic, Self-Cleaning Silicone Fouling Release Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399920.

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Bockelie, Michael J. Mitigation of Syngas Cooler Plugging and Fouling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234451.

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Cella, James. Advanced Non-Toxic Silicone Fouling-Release Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607451.

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Daniel Molloy. Environmentally Safe Control of Zebra Mussel Fouling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/935261.

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Chatwani, A. Predictive modelling of boiler fouling. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/233295.

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Sedath, R. H., S. F. Yates e N. N. Li. Reduced fouling of ultrafiltration membranes via surface fluorination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6695060.

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Narang, S. C., S. K. Sharma, S. C. Ventura, D. L. Roberts e N. Ahner. Research and development to overcome fouling of membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7238494.

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