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1
Al-Jaljouli, Raja Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "A proposed security protocol for data gathering mobile agents". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Computer Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23999.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We address the security issue of the data which mobile agents gather as they are traversing the Internet. Our goal is to devise a security protocol that truly secures the data which mobile agents gather. Several cryptographic protocols were presented in the literature asserting the security of gathered data. Formal verification of the protocols reveals unforeseen security flaws, such as truncation or alteration of the collected data, breaching the privacy of the gathered data, sending others data under the private key of a malicious host, and replacing the collected data with data of similar agents. So the existing protocols are not truly secure. We present an accurate security protocol which aims to assert strong integrity, authenticity, and confidentiality of the gathered data. The proposed protocol is derived from the Multi-hops protocol. The protocol suffers from security flaws, e.g. an adversary might truncate/ replace collected data, or sign others data with its own private key without being detected. The proposed protocol refines the Multi-hops protocol by implementing the following security techniques: utilization of co-operating agents, scrambling the gathered offers, requesting a visited host to clear its memory from any data acquired as a result of executing the agent before the host dispatches the agent to the succeeding host in the agent???s itinerary, and carrying out verifications on the identity of the genuine initiator at the early execution of the agent at visited hosts, in addition to the verifications upon the agent???s return to the initiator. The proposed protocol also implements the common security techniques such as public key encryption, digital signature, etc. The implemented security techniques would rectify the security flaws revealed in the existing protocols. We use STA, an infinite-state exploration tool, to verify the security properties of a reasonably small instance of the proposed protocol in key configurations. The analysis using STA reports no attack. Moreover, we carefully reason the correctness of the security protocol for a general model and show that the protocol would be capable of preventing or at least detecting the attacks revealed in the existing protocols.
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Razali, Rozilawati. "Usability of semi-formal and formal methods integration : empirical assessments". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/265391/.
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Fredriksen, Inge. "Formal Methods for System Development". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9991.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two main types of formal methods have been investigated, formal specification and formal verification. Focus for formal verification has been on the concept of un-timed model checking. Some dominating formal specification languages, VDM and Z, and some prominent model checkers, FDR, Spin, and LTSA, have been learnt and presented. A tutorial for the formal verification tool Spin is created. The tutorial is example driven and describes the description language Promela and the verification methods available in Spin. Care has been taken to illustrate reasoning about the results from Spin. Topics discussed include the applicability and need for formal methods, the possible need for understanding the underlying theory, and considerations made in regards to creating the tutorial.
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Matthews, Chris, e mikewood@deakin edu au. "Fuzzy concepts and formal methods". Deakin University. School of Management Information Systems, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051201.154843.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It has been recognised that formal methods are useful as a modelling tool in requirements engineering. Specification languages such as Z permit the precise and unambiguous modelling of system properties and behaviour. However some system problems, particularly those drawn from the information systems problem domain, may be difficult to model in crisp or precise terms. It may also be desirable that formal modelling should commence as early as possible, even when our understanding of parts of the problem domain is only approximate. This thesis suggests fuzzy set theory as a possible representation scheme for this imprecision or approximation. A fuzzy logic toolkit that defines the operators, measures and modifiers necessary for the manipulation of fuzzy sets and relations is developed. The toolkit contains a detailed set of laws that demonstrate the properties of the definitions when applied to partial set membership. It also provides a set of laws that establishes an isomorphism between the toolkit notation and that of conventional Z when applied to boolean sets and relations. The thesis also illustrates how the fuzzy logic toolkit can be applied in the problem domains of interest. Several examples are presented and discussed including the representation of imprecise concepts as fuzzy sets and relations, system requirements as a series of linguistically quantified propositions, the modelling of conflict and agreement in terms of fuzzy sets and the partial specification of a fuzzy expert system. The thesis concludes with a consideration of potential areas for future research arising from the work presented here.
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Chen, Y. "Formal methods for global synchrony". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365295.
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Hinchey, Michael Gerard. "Structural design and formal methods". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624390.
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Read, Simon. "Formal methods for VLSI design". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239786.
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Wood, Clark S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A formal methods safe harbor". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122219.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-84).
We discuss a problem: Internet of Things devices running software are vulnerable to accidents and exploitation, a technology solution: preventing exploitable bugs by developing machine-checked proofs of software correctness and security, and a policy lever to incentivize adoption of this solution: a safe harbor from FTC unfairness prosecution for manufacturers that use formal methods to guarantee safer, more secure devices. To motivate the potential of formal methods, we present a technical contribution: a formally verified connected lightbulb switch, proven immune to certain types of software exploits. We discuss a framework, the Common Weakness Enumeration, that the FTC and manufacturers could use as a shared language to explain what classes of software vulnerability a manufacturer will defend against. We outline the authority of the FTC in regards to poor data security practices as unfair practices and how our safe harbor would both provide immunity to participants and be updated over time to continue to incentivize ever stronger software protections.
by Clark Wood.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
9
Yao, Yow-Wei. "Formal methods for protocol conversion /". The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487693923198251.
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Banks, Michael J. "On confidentiality and formal methods". Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2709/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The contemporary challenge of engineering verifiably secure software has motivated various techniques for measuring and regulating the flow of confidential data from systems to their users. Unfortunately, these techniques suffer from a lack of integration with modern formal methods for software development, which inhibits their application in practice. This thesis proposes a novel approach for integrating information flow security concerns with formal methods. Working in the Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP), this thesis presents a generic framework for modelling interactions between users and systems. This framework can be applied to encode information flow about a system's activities to its users. It thereby allows confidentiality properties to be formalised in the UTP as upper bounds on information flow to users. The main contribution of this thesis is a unified platform for designing software that is not only functionally correct, but also secure by design. This platform specialises the information flow encoding to the Circus formal method, making it possible to specify confidentiality properties within Circus processes. In this setting, conflicts between functionality and confidentiality are represented as miracles, rendering insecure functionality infeasible. The platform provides techniques for verifying that functionality and confidentiality properties are mutually consistent. These techniques can be applied to develop a process through a series of feasibility-preserving refinement steps, to achieve a system implementation that does not leak secret information to untrusted users. These techniques are evaluated with a brief case study.
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SERAFIM, Kamila Nayana Carvalho. "Transformando modelos Scade em especificações SCR". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/20342.
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A construção de um software para domínios particulares tem de atender normas específicasque impõem o atendimento a fatores como rastreabilidade de requisitos e certificação. Por exemplo, a indústria aeronáutica deve atender à norma DO-178B que estabelece restrições para uso de software de aeronaves, que são considerados sistemas críticos. Para um sistema estar de acordo com essa certificação é necessário ter requisitos formais e código certificado; nesta direção, Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013) usou a notação SCR (Software Cost Reduction) para definição de requisitos e a ferramenta SCADE para modelagem de sistemas críticos, com desenvolvimento de um tradutor de SCR para artefatos xscade. A prática de desenvolvimento de sistema, porém, não está restrita à transição entre requisitos e artefatos de projeto. Modificações realizadas nestes últimos devem também ser refletidas nos requisitos. Neste trabalho desenvolvemos um tradutor de artefatos de modelagem da ferramenta SCADE para SCR. Desta forma podemos gerar especificação de requisitos a partir do código (Engenharia Reversa) e complementamos o trabalho anterior desenvolvido por Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013). Para o desenvolvimento do tradutor, utilizamos a plataforma Spoofax por meio da qual descrevemos a sintaxe do esquema XML utilizado em SCADE e também as regras de tradução tendo como alvo SCR. A validação da tradução teve como ponto de partida o resultado do uso do tradutor desenvolvido por Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013), tendo de gerar como saída a mesma entrada do tradutor desenvolvido por Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013). Além disso, desenvolvemos exemplos para demonstrar que a modificação estrutural, com preservação de semântica, em projetos SCADE, é verificável por meio do uso de testes gerados por meio da ferramenta TTM-TVEC
Building a software for particular domains must attend specific standards that impose attendance to factors such as traceability requirements and the certification issue. For example, the airline industry should meet the DO-178B standard that establishes restrictions on the use of aircraft software, which is considered a critical system. For a system to be in accordance with this certification, one must have formal requirements and certified code. In this direction, Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013) used SCR (Software Cost Reduction) for requirements definition and SCADE for modeling critical systems with development of an artifacts a translator from SCR. However the practice of developing is not restricted to the transition from requirements to design artifacts. Changes made on design should be reflected in the requirements. In this work we developed a translator from SCADE to SCR. In this way we can generate requirements specification from the code (reverse engineering) and complement the previous Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013) thesis. For the translator development, we use the Spoofax platform through which we describe the XML schema syntax used in SCADE and also the translation rules having SCR as the target language. The translation validation had as its starting point the result of the translator developed by Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013), where the output is the same input developed by Andrade(ANDRADE, 2013). Furthermore, examples developed to demonstrate that the structural modification that preserves semantics in SCADE, is verifiable through the use of tests generated by the TTM-TVEC tool.
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Robertz, Daniel. "Formal computational methods for control theory". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981070019.
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Tran, Sang Cong. "Applications of formal methods in engineering". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60452/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main idea presented in this thesis is to propose and justify a general framework for the development of safety-related systems based on a selection of criticality and the required level of integrity. We show that formal methods can be practically and consistently introduced into the system design lifecycle without incurring excessive development cost. An insight into the process of generating and validating a formal specification from an engineering point of view is illustrated, in conjunction with formal definitions of specification models, safety criteria and risk assessments. Engineering specifications are classified into two main classes of systems, memoryless and memory bearing systems. Heuristic approaches for specification generation and validation of these systems are presented and discussed with a brief summary of currently available formal systems and their supporting tools. It is further shown that to efficiently address different aspects of real-world problems, the concept of embedding one logic within another mechanised logic, in order to provide mechanical support for proofs and reasoning, is practical. A temporal logic framework, which is embedded in Higher Order Logic, is used to verify and validate the design of a real-time system. Formal definitions and properties of temporal operators are defined in HOL and real-time concepts such as timing marker, interrupt and timeout are presented. A second major case study is presented on the specification a solid model for mechanical parts. This work discusses the modelling theory with set theoretic topology and Boolean operations. The theory is used to specify the mechanical properties of large distribution transformers. Associated mechanical properties such as volumetric operations are also discussed.
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McParland, Patrick J. "Software tools to support formal methods". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292757.
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Quintas, Figueiredo de Barros Alexandra Maria. "Formal methods for rapid software prototyping". Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244903.
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Corwin, Paul S. "Incremental Validation of Formal Specifications". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/71.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis presents a tool for the mechanical validation of formal software specifications. The tool is based on a novel approach to incremental validation. In this approach, small-scale aspects of a specification are validated, as part of the stepwise refinement of a formal model.
The incremental validation technique can be considered a form of "lightweight" model checking. This is in contrast to a "heavyweight" approach, wherein an entire large-scale model is validated en masse.
The validation tool is part of a formal modeling and specification language (FMSL), used in software engineering instruction. A lightweight, incremental approach to validation is beneficial in this context. Such an approach can be used to elucidate specification concepts in a step-by-step manner. A heavy-weight approach to model checking is more difficult to use in this way.
The FMSL model checker has itself been validated by evaluating portions of a medium-scale specification example. The example has been used in software engineering courses for a number of years, but has heretofore been validated only by human inspection. Evidence for the utility of the validation tool is provided by its performance during the example validation. In particular, use of the tool led to the discovery of a specification flaw that had gone undiscovered by manual validation alone.
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Sertkaya, Baris. "Formal Concept Analysis Methods for Description Logics". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1215598189927-85390.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work presents mainly two contributions to Description Logics (DLs) research by means of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) methods: supporting bottom-up construction of DL knowledge bases, and completing DL knowledge bases. Its contribution to FCA research is on the computational complexity of computing generators of closed sets.
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Powell, Daniel, e n/a. "Formal Methods For Verification Based Software Inspection". Griffith University. School of Computing and Information Technology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030925.154706.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Useful processes, that are independently repeatable, are utilised in all branches of science and traditional engineering disciplines but seldom in software engineering. This is particularly so with processes used for detection and correction of defects in software systems. Code inspection, as introduced by Michael Fagan at IBM in the mid 1970's is widely recognised as an effective technique for finding defects in software. Despite its reputation, code inspection, as it is currently practiced, is not a strictly repeatable process. This is due to the problems faced by inspectors when they attempt to paraphrase the complicated semantics of a unit of computer code. Verification based software inspection, as advocated by the cleanroom software engineering community, requires that arguments of correctness be formulated with the code and its specification. These arguments rely on the reader being able to extract the semantics from the code. This thesis addresses the requirement for an independently repeatable, scalable and substantially automated method for yielding semantics from computer code in a complete, unambiguous and consistent manner in order to facilitate, and make repeatable, verification based code inspection. Current literature regarding the use of code inspection for verification of software is surveyed. Empirical studies are referenced, comparing inspection to software testing and program proof. Current uses of formal methods in software engineering will be discussed, with particular reference to formal method applications in verification. Forming the basis of the presented method is a systematic, and hence repeatable, approach to the derivation of program semantics. The theories and techniques proposed for deriving semantics from program code extend current algorithmic and heuristic techniques for deriving invariants. Additionally, the techniques introduced yield weaker forms of invariant information which are also useful for verification, defect detection and correction. Methods for using these weaker invariant forms, and tools to support these methods, are introduced. Algorithmic and heuristic techniques for investigating loop progress and termination are also introduced. Some of these techniques have been automated in supporting tools, and hence, the resulting defects can be repeatably identified. Throughout this thesis a strong emphasis is placed on describing implementable algorithms to realise the derivation techniques discussed. A number of these algorithms are implemented in a tool to support the application of the verification methods presented. The techniques and tools presented in this thesis are well suited, but not limited to, supporting rigorous methods of defect detection as well as formal and semi-formal reasoning of correctness. The automation of these techniques in tools to support practical, formal code reading and correctness argument will assist in addressing the needs of trusted component technologies and the general requirement for quality in software.
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Wood, Kenneth Robert. "Parallel logic simulation and applied formal methods". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315774.
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Higgs, Clive Richard. "Formal methods and reuse in software engineering". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264614.
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Sertkaya, Barış. "Formal concept analysis methods for description logics". [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1215598189927-85390.
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Dellabani, Mahieddine. "Formal methods for distributed real-time systems". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM090/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nowadays, real-time systems are ubiquitous in several application domains.Such an emergence led to an increasing need of performance (resources,availability, concurrency, etc.) and initiated a shift from theuse of single processor based hardware platforms, to large setsof interconnected and distributed computing nodes. This trend introduced the birthof a new family of systems that are intrinsically distributed, namelyemph{Networked Embedded Systems}.Such an evolution stems from the growing complexity of real-time softwareembedded on such platforms (e.g. electronic control in avionicsand automotive domains), and the need to integrate formerly isolated systems so thatthey can cooperate, as well as share resources improving thus functionalitiesand reducing costs.Undoubtedly, the design, implementation and verification of such systems areacknowledged to be very hard tasks since theyare prone to different kinds of factors, such as communication delays, CPU(s)speed or even hardware imprecisions, which increases considerably the complexity ofcoordinating parallel activities.In this thesis, we propose a rigorous design flow intended forbuilding distributed real-time applications.We investigate timed automata based models, with formally defined semantics, in orderto study the behavior of a given system with some imposed timing constraints when deployedin a distributed environment. Particularly, we study emph{(i)} the impact of the communicationdelays by introducing a minimum latency between actions executions and the effectivedate at which actions executions have been decided,and emph{(ii)} the effect of hardware imperfections, more precisely clocks imprecisions,on systems execution by breaking the perfect clocks hypothesis, often adopted duringthe modeling phase. Nevertheless, timed automata formalism is intended to describe a highlevel abstraction of the behavior of a given application.Therefore, we use an intermediate representation ofthe initial application that, besides having say{equivalent} behavior, explicitly expressesimplementation mechanisms, and thus reduces the gap between the modeling and the concreteimplementation. Additionally, we contribute in building such systems by emph{(iii)}proposing a knowledge based optimization method that aims to eliminate unnecessarycomputation time or exchange of messages during the execution.We compare the behavior of each proposed model to the initial high level model and study therelationships between both. Then, we identify and formally characterize the potential problemsresulting from these additional constraints. Furthermore, we propose execution strategies thatallow to preserve some desired properties and reach a say{similar} execution scenario,faithful to the original specificationsAujourd'hui, les systèmes temps réel sont omniprésents dans plusieurs domaines.Une telle expansion donne lieu à un besoin croissant en terme de performance (ressources,disponibilité, parallélisme, etc.) et a initié par la même occasion une transition del'utilisation de plateformes matérielles à processeur unique, à de grands ensemblesde nœuds de calcul inter-connectés et distribués. Cette tendance a donné la naissanceà une nouvelle famille de systèmes connue sous le nom de emph{Networked Embedded Systems},qui sont intrinsèquement distribués.Une telle évolution provient de la complexité croissante des logiciels temps réelembarqués sur de telles plateformes (par exemple les système de contrôle en avioniqueet dans domaines de l'automobile), ainsi que la nécessité d'intégrer des systèmes autrefoisisolés afin d'accomplir les fonctionnalités requises, améliorant ainsi les performanceset réduisant les coûts.Sans surprise, la conception, l'implémentation et la vérification de ces systèmes sontdes tâches très difficiles car ils sont sujets à différents types de facteurs, tels que lesdélais de communication, la fréquence du CPU ou même les imprécisions matérielles,ce qui augmente considérablement la complexité lorsqu'il s'agit de coordonner les activités parallèles.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une démarche rigoureuse destinée à la construction d'applicationsdistribuées temps réel.Pour ce faire, nous étudions des modèles basés sur les automates temporisés, dont la sémantiqueest formellement définie, afin d'étudier le comportement d'un système donné avec des contraintes de tempsimposées lorsqu'il est déployé dans un environnement distribué. En particulier, nous étudionsemph{(i)} l'impact des délais de communication en introduisant une latence minimale entreles exécutions d'actions et la date à laquelle elles ont été décidées,et emph{(ii)} l'effet des imperfections matérielles, plus précisément les imprécisionsd'horloges, sur l'exécution des systèmes.Le paradigme des automates temporisés reste néanmoins destiné à décrire une abstractiondu comportement d'une application donnée.Par conséquent, nous utilisons une représentation intermédiaire del'application initiale, qui en plus d'avoir un comportement say{équivalent}, exprimeexplicitement les mécanismes mis en œuvre durant l'implémentation, et donc réduit ainsil'écart entre la modélisation et l'implémentation réelle.De plus, nous contribuons à la construction de tels systèmes en emph{(iii)}proposant une optimisation basée sur la emph{connaissance}, qui a pour but d'éliminer lestemps de calcul inutiles et de réduire les échanges de messages pendant l'exécution. Nous comparons le comportement de chaque modèle proposé au modèle initial et étudionsles relations entre les deux. Ensuite, nous identifions et caractérisons formellement lesproblèmes potentiels résultants de ces contraintes supplémentaires. Aussi, nous proposonsdes stratégies d'exécution qui permettent de préserver certaines propriétés souhaitéeset d'obtenir des scénarios d'exécution say{similaires}, et fidèles aux spécificationsde départs
23
Bachrach, Hillel E. "Formal methods for design automation application development". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43427.
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Sertkaya, Baris. "Formal Concept Analysis Methods for Description Logics". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23613.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work presents mainly two contributions to Description Logics (DLs) research by means of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) methods: supporting bottom-up construction of DL knowledge bases, and completing DL knowledge bases. Its contribution to FCA research is on the computational complexity of computing generators of closed sets.
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Todorov, Vassil. "Automotive embedded software design using formal methods". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La part croissante des fonctions d'assistance à la conduite, leur criticité, ainsi que la perspective d'une certification de ces fonctions, rendent nécessaire leur vérification et leur validation avec un niveau d'exigence que le test seul ne peut assurer.Depuis quelques années déjà d’autres domaines comme l’aéronautique ou le ferroviaire sont soumis à des contextes équivalents. Pour répondre à certaines contraintes ils ont localement mis en place des méthodes formelles. Nous nous intéressons aux motivations et aux critères qui ont conduit à l’utilisation des méthodes formelles dans ces domaines afin de les transposer sur des scénarios automobiles et identifier le périmètre potentiel d'application.Dans cette thèse, nous présentons nos études de cas et proposons des méthodologies pour l'usage de méthodes formelles par des ingénieurs non-experts. Le model checking inductif pour un processus de développement utilisant des modèles, l'interprétation abstraite pour démontrer l'absence d'erreurs d'exécution du code et la preuve déductive pour des cas de fonctions critiques de librairie.Enfin, nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes pour résoudre les problèmes identifiés lors de nos expérimentations. Il s'agit d'une part d'un générateur d'invariants et d'une méthode utilisant la sémantique des données pour traiter efficacement des propriétés comportant du temps long, et d'autre part d'un algorithme efficace pour mesurer la couverture du modèle par les propriétés en utilisant des techniques de mutationThe growing share of driver assistance functions, their criticality, as well as the prospect of certification of these functions, make their verification and validation necessary with a level of requirement that testing alone cannot ensure. For several years now, other industries such as aeronautics and railways have been subject to equivalent contexts. To respond to certain constraints, they have locally implemented formal methods. We are interested in the motivations and criteria that led to the use of formal methods in these industries in order to transpose them to automotive scenarios and identify the potential scope of application.In this thesis, we present our case studies and propose methodologies for the use of formal methods by non-expert engineers. Inductive model checking for a model-driven development process, abstract interpretation to demonstrate the absence of run-time errors in the code and deductive proof for critical library functions.Finally, we propose new algorithms to solve the problems identified during our experiments. These are, firstly, an invariant generator and a method using the semantics of data to process properties involving long-running timers in an efficient way, and secondly, an efficient algorithm to measure the coverage of the model by the properties using mutation techniques
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Duplouy, Yann. "Applying Formal Methods to Autonomous Vehicle Control". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN048/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la conception de véhicules autonomes, et plus spécifiquement de la vérification de contrôleurs de tels véhicules. Nos contributions à la résolution de ce problème sont les suivantes : (1) fournir une syntaxe et une sémantique pour un modèle de systèmes hybrides, (2) étendre les fonctionnalités du model checker statistique Cosmos à ce modèle et (3) valider empiriquement la pertinence de notre approche sur des cas d'étude typiques du véhicule autonome.Nous avons choisi de combiner le modèle des réseaux de Petri stochastiques de haut niveau (qui était le formalisme d'entrée de Cosmos) avec le formalisme d'entrée de Simulink afin d'atteindre un pouvoir d'expression suffisant. En effet Simulink est très largement utilisé dans le domaine automobile et de nombreux contrôleurs sont spécifiés avec cet outil. Or Simulink n'a pas de sémantique formellement définie. Ceci nous a conduit à concevoir une telle sémantique en deux temps : tout d'abord en introduisant une sémantique dite exacte mais qui n'est pas opérationnelle puis en la complétant par une sémantique approchée intégrant le facteur d'approximation recherché.Afin de combiner le modèle à événements discrets des réseaux de Petri et le modèle continu spécifié en Simulink, nous avons proposé au niveau syntaxique une interfacereposant sur de nouveaux types de transitions et au niveau sémantique une extension de la boucle de simulation. L'évaluation de ce nouveau formalisme a été entièrement implémentée dans Cosmos.Grace à ce nouveau formalisme, nous avons développé et étudié les deux cas d'étude suivants : d'une part une circulation dense sur une section d'autoroute et d'autre part l'insertion du véhicule dans une voie rapide. L'analyse des modélisations correspondantes a démontré la pertinence de notre approcheThis thesis takes place in the context of autonomous vehicle design, and concerns more specifically the verification of controllers of such vehicles. Our contributions are the following: (1) give a syntax and a semantics for a hybrid system model, (2) extend the capacities of the model-checker Cosmos to that kind of models, and (3) empirically confirm the relevance of our approach on typical case studies handling autonomous vehicles.We chose to combine high-level stochastic Petri nets (which is the input formalism of Cosmos) with the input formalism of Simulink, to obtain an adequate expressive power. Indeed, Simulink is largely used in the automotive industry and numerous controllers have been specified using this tool. However, there is no formal semantics for Simulink, which lead us to define such a semantics in two steps:first, we propose an exact (but not operational) semantics, then we complete it by an approximate semantics that includes the targeted approximation level.In order to combine the discrete event model of Petri nets and the continous model specified in Simulink, we define a syntactic interface that relies on new transition types; its semantics consists of an extension of the simulation loop. The evaluation of this new formalism has been entirely implemented into Cosmos.Using this new formalism, we have designed and studied the two following case studies: on one hand, a heavy traffic on a motorway segment, and on the other hand the insertion of a vehicle into a motorway. Our approach has been validated by the analysis of the corresponding models
27
Adesina, Opeyemi. "Integrating Formal Methods with Model-Driven Engineering". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36269.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis presents our method to integrate formal methods with model-driven engineering. Although a large amount of literature exists with the goal of facilitating the adoption of formal methods for educational and industrial practice, yet the adoption of formal methods in academia and industry is poor. The goal of this research is to improve the adoption of formal methods by automating the generation of formal methods code while maintaining scalability and bridging the gaps between formal analysis and actual implementation of the complete system.
Our approach is based on generating formal representations of software abstractions expressed in a textual language, called Umple, which is derived from UML. Software abstractions of interest include class models and state machines. For state machines, we address concerns such as composite and concurrent states separately. The resulting systems are analyzable by back-end analysis engines such as Alloy and nuXmv or NuSMV for model checking.
To ensure correctness of our approach, we have adopted simulation, empirical studies and rigorous test-driven development (TDD) methodologies. To guarantee correctness of state machine systems under analysis (SSUAs), we present methods to automatically generate specifications to analyze domain-independent properties such as non-determinism and reachability analysis. We apply these methods in various case studies; certify their conformance with sets of requirements and uncover certain flaws.
Our contributions include a) The overall approach, involving having the developer write the system in Umple and generating both the formal system for analysis and the final code from the same model; b) a novel approach to encode SSUAs even in the presence of and-cross transitions; c) a fully automated approach to certify an SSUA to be free from nondeterminism even in the presence of unbounded domains and multiple and-cross transitions within the same enclosing orthogonal state; d) an empirical study of the impact of abstraction on some performance parameters; and e) a translator from Umple to Alloy and SMV.
28
Lisowski, Matthew A. "Development of a target recognition system using formal and semi-formal software modeling methods". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA386925.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2000.Thesis advisors, Neil Rowe, Man-Tak Shing. "December 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-102). Also available in print.
29
Kemahlioglu, Ziya Eda. "Formal Methods of Value Sharing in Supply Chains". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4965.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We consider a decentralized, two-echelon supply chain where the upper echelon --the supplier-- bears the inventory risk. To service the retailers, the supplier either keeps inventory reserved for each of her customers or else pools inventory to share among her customers. The common insight regarding inventory pooling is that it reduces costs and so increases profits for the supply chain party carrying inventory. However, it has recently been shown that inventory pooling may indeed reduce the total supply chain profits. We further show that inventory pooling may reduce supply chain profits even under traditional service contracts based on the frequently invoked measure of service, probability of stock-out.
We model the inventory transactions among the retailers and the supplier as a cooperative game. The players have the option of reserving inventory or forming inventory-pooling coalitions. The total profit of the coalitions is allotted to the players using a profit-sharing mechanism based on Shapley value. We analyze the properties of the proposed profit-sharing scheme in two steps. We first consider a stylized model with two retailers who are not necessarily identical. Then we extend the analysis to an arbitrary number of identical retailers. In both cases, we assume the demand across retailers is independent.
We find that the Shapley value allocations coordinate the supply chain and are individually rational. However for more than two retailers, they may not be in the core. Even when they satisfy all the stability properties, including membership in the core, they may be perceived unfair since a player's allocation can exceed his contribution to the total supply chain profit. In addition to analyzing the stability properties of the proposed allocation mechanism, we are also interested in the types of behavior the mechanism induces in the players. We find that the retailers prefer pooling partners with either very high or low service level requirements and the supplier prefers retailers with low service requirements since this gives her the ability to maximize her profit allocation. Finally, we analyze the effects of demand variance on the allocations and the profitability of strategic retailer coalitions.
30
Burns, Colin Paul. "Analysing accident reports using structured and formal methods". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3554/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Formal methods are proposed as a means to improve accident reports, such as the report into the 1996 fire in the Channel Tunnel between the UK and France. The size and complexity of accident reports create difficulties for formal methods, which traditionally suffer from problems of scalability and poor readability. This thesis demonstrates that features of an engineering-style formal modelling process, particularly the structuring of activity and management of information, reduce the impact of these problems and improve the accuracy of formal models of accident reports. This thesis also contributes a detailed analysis of the methodological requirements for constructing accident report models. Structured, methodical construction and mathematical analysis of the models elicits significant problems in the content and argumentation of the reports. Once elicited, these problems can be addressed. This thesis demonstrates the benefits and limitations of taking a wider scope in the modelling process than is commonly adopted for formal accident analysis. We present a deontic action logic as a language for constructing models of accident reports. Deontic action models offer a novel view of the report, which highlights both the expected and actual behaviour in the report, and facilitates examination of the conflict between the two. This thesis contributes an objective analysis of the utility of both deontic and action logic operators to the application of modelling accident reports. A tool is also presented that executes a subset of the logic, including these deontic and action logic operators.
31
Domingo, Lizza Tandoc. "Formal methods in specifying discrete event simulation models". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263339.
Testo completo
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Dix, A. J. "Formal methods and interactive systems : Principles and practice". Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380545.
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Herbert, J. M. J. "Application of formal methods to digital system design". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233985.
Testo completo
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Lu, Yueping. "On the formal methods for protocol conformance testing". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5824.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of formal methods allows automated generation and optimization of test sequences. Developing formal methods for generating communications protocol conformance tests has drawn considerable attention in recent years. This thesis describes the implementation of five formal methods of protocol conformance test sequence generation proposed in the literature. These methods are: Transition tour (T) method, Distinguishing sequence (D) method, Characterizing sequence (W) method, Unique Input/Output sequence (UIO) method and Multiple UIO-method. Some related graph theoretic optimization techniques for the Chinese Postman Problem (CPP) and Rural Chinese Postman Problem (RCPP) are applied to T-method and UIO-method respectively to determine minimum-cost test sequences. It is shown in this thesis that the solution to the RCPP can also be applied to D-method and W-method to derive minimum-cost test sequences. The application of five formal methods to a real protocol, Transport protocol class 4, is then discussed.
35
Jobredeaux, Romain J. "Formal verification of control software". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53841.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a context of heightened requirements for safety-critical embedded systems and
ever-increasing costs of verification and validation, this research proposes to
advance the state of formal analysis for control software. Formal methods are a
field of computer science that uses mathematical techniques and formalisms to
rigorously analyze the behavior of programs. This research develops a framework
and tools to express and prove high level properties of control law
implementations. One goal is to bridge the gap between control theory and
computer science. An annotation language is extended with symbols and axioms to
describe control-related concepts at the code level. Libraries of theorems,
along with their proofs, are developed to enable an interactive proof assistant
to verify control-related properties. Through integration in a prototype tool,
the process of verification is made automatic, and applied to several example systems.In a context of heightened requirements for safety-critical embedded systems and
ever-increasing costs of verification and validation, this research proposes to
advance the state of formal analysis for control software. Formal methods are a
field of computer science that uses mathematical techniques and formalisms to
rigorously analyze the behavior of programs. This research develops a framework
and tools to express and prove high level properties of control law
implementations. One goal is to bridge the gap between control theory and
computer science. An annotation language is extended with symbols and axioms to
describe control-related concepts at the code level. Libraries of theorems,
along with their proofs, are developed to enable an interactive proof assistant
to verify control-related properties. Through integration in a prototype tool,
the process of verification is made automatic, and applied to several example systems.
36
Alvares, Sandra Leonora 1969. "Traduzindo em formas a pedagogia Waldorf". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Ana Lúcia Nogueira de Camargo HarrisDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T07:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvares_SandraLeonora_M.pdf: 8031425 bytes, checksum: 8552e5b6a57b6fe1b92ccb5fd86aee77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A Escola Waldorf teve sua origem na Alemanha em 1919, quando o dono da fábrica de cigarros alemã Waldorf Astoria pediu a Rudolf Steiner, educador e filósofo, que organizasse uma escola para os filhos de seus operários. Assim, Steiner idealiza a pedagogia Waldorf com a missão desenvolver não só o lado intelectual das crianças, mas também, o emocional, o psicológico, o intuitivo e a experiência concreta. Dentro deste contexto, a experiência espacial que toca a criança, física e criativamente, é considerada tão significativa quanto o ensino das matérias que alimenta a capacidade intelectual e social da criança. Consequentemente existe uma preocupação em proporcionar aos alunos espaços físicos adequados ao processo de ensino. Este fato se reflete na arquitetura de seus prédios, que se destacam por suas formas orgânicas e peculiares, caracterizando um tipo arquitetônico. Tendo em vista a importância da arquitetura para o processo de aprendizado Waldorf e, também, o valor da identidade para uma comunidade, essa pesquisa propôs-se a estudar a arquitetura dos prédios das escolas Waldorf. Esta foi analisada sob o foco da linguagem dos parâmetros de Christopher Alexander que possibilitou a identificação de diferentes soluções projetuais para os três princípios que norteiam a construção desse tipo arquitetônico: a integração, a correlação e a inspiração. Assim, com base no estudo teórico da pedagogia Waldorf e na análise das escolas, foi possível propor sugestões projetuais para auxiliar arquitetos, que venham a projetar escolas Waldorf, a preservar o "tipo arquitetônico".
Abstract: The Waldorf School had its origins in Germany in 1919, when the owner of the cigarettes factory Waldorf Astoria asked to the educator and philosopher Rudolf Steiner to organize a school for the sons of its workers. Thus, Steiner Waldorf idealizes the Waldorf Pedagogy with the mission of developing not only the intellectual side of children, but also the emotional, psychological, intuitive and concrete experience. In this context, the spatial experience that touches the child physically and creatively is considered as significant as the courses taught, feeding the intellectual capacity and social development of the child. Consequently, there is a concern in providing the students with physical spaces adequate to the teaching process. This fact is reflected in the architecture of its buildings, which are distinguished for its organic and peculiar forms, featuring an architectural type. Given the importance of the architecture for the Waldorf learning process, and also the value of identity for a community, this research aimed to study the building of Waldorf schools. That was analyzed under the focus of Christopher Alexander language patterns which allowed to identify different design solutions in accordance to the three principles that rules the building of this architectural type: integration, correlation and inspiration. Thus, based on a theoretical study about the Waldorf pedagogy as well as on the analysis of its school building it was possible to propose design solutions to help architects, which come to project Waldorf schools, to preserve this architectural type.
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
37
Creese, S. J. "Data independent induction : CSP model checking or arbitary sized networks". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249583.
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Evans, Andrew Stephen. "Z for concurrent systems". Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309794.
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Klein, Joachim, Christel Baier, Philipp Chrszon, Marcus Daum, Clemens Dubslaff, Sascha Klüppelholz, Steffen Märcker e David Müller. "Advances in Symbolic Probabilistic Model Checking with PRISM". Springer, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74267.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For modeling and reasoning about complex systems, symbolic methods provide a prominent way to tackle the state explosion problem. It is well known that for symbolic approaches based on binary decision diagrams (BDD), the ordering of BDD variables plays a crucial role for compact representations and efficient computations. We have extended the popular probabilistic model checker PRISM with support for automatic variable reordering in its multi-terminal-BDD-based engines and report on benchmark results. Our extensions additionally allow the user to manually control the variable ordering at a finer-grained level. Furthermore, we present our implementation of the symbolic computation of quantiles and support for multi-reward-bounded properties, automata specifications and accepting end component computations for Streett conditions.
40
Klein, Joachim, Christel Baier, Philipp Chrszon, Marcus Daum, Clemens Dubslaff, Sascha Klüppelholz, Steffen Märcker e David Müller. "Advances in probabilistic model checking with PRISM". Springer, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74265.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The popular model checker PRISM has been successfully used for the modeling and analysis of complex probabilistic systems. As one way to tackle the challenging state explosion problem, PRISM supports symbolic storage and manipulation using multi-terminal binary decision diagrams for representing the models and in the computations. However, it lacks automated heuristics for variable reordering, even though it is well known that the order of BDD variables plays a crucial role for compact representations and efficient computations. In this article, we present a collection of extensions to PRISM. First, we provide support for automatic variable reordering within the symbolic engines of PRISM and allow users to manually control the variable ordering at a fine-grained level. Second, we provide extensions in the realm of reward-bounded properties, namely symbolic computations of quantiles in Markov decision processes and, for both the explicit and symbolic engines, the approximative computation of quantiles for continuous-time Markov chains as well as support for multi-reward-bounded properties. Finally, we provide an implementation for obtaining minimal weak deterministic Büchi automata for the obligation fragment of linear temporal logic (LTL), with applications for expected accumulated reward computations with a finite horizon given by a co-safe LTL formula.
41
Gouvinhas, Reidson Pereira. "Design methods for production machinery companies". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266983.
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Cabral, Glauber Módolo. "Criação de uma biblioteca padrão para a linguagem HasCASL". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275798.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Arnaldo Vieira MouraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:14:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cabral_GlauberModolo_M.pdf: 1025512 bytes, checksum: 7aaf4d32142384e7200596499be77cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Métodos formais são ferramentas da Engenharia de Software que empregam formalismos matemáticos na construção de programas. Em geral, são compostos por uma ou mais linguagens de especificação e algumas ferramentas auxiliares. A linguagem de especificação algébrica Common Algebraic Specification Language (Casl) foi concebida para ser a linguagem padrão na área de especificação algébrica. A linguagem HasCasl é a extensão da linguagem Casl responsável por suportar lógica de segunda ordem e possui um subconjunto de sua sintaxe que se assemelha à linguagem de programação Haskell e que pode ser executado. O uso prático de uma linguagem de especificação depende da disponibilidade de uma biblioteca padrão de especificações pré-definidas. Embora Casl possua tal biblioteca, esta não disponibiliza propriedades e tipos de dados de segunda ordem. Esta dissertação descreve a especificação de uma biblioteca para a linguagem HasCasl com funções e tipos de dados de segunda ordem, tendo como referência a biblioteca Prelude da linguagem Haskell. Os tipos de dados especificados incluem o tipo booleano, listas, caracteres e cadeias de caracteres, além de classes e funções presentes na biblioteca Prelude. Uma primeira versão da biblioteca faz uso de tipos de dados com avaliação estrita, devido à complexidade de iniciar o processo de especificação com o uso de tipos com avaliação preguiçosa. Um refinamento posterior da biblioteca incluiu o suporte a tipos de dados com avaliação preguiçosa. A verificação de ambas as versões da biblioteca foi realizada com o uso da ferramenta Hets, responsável por traduzir as especificações escritas na linguagem HasCasl para a linguagem HOL e gerar necessidades de prova verificadas com o auxílio do provador de teoremas Isabelle. Para ilustrar o uso dos tipos de dados especificados foram incluídas algumas especificações de exemplo envolvendo listas e tipos booleanos. Algumas sugestões de extensão à biblioteca são propostas, tais como o suporte à recursão e às estruturas infinitas, além do aperfeiçoamento do suporte a provas relacionadas a especificações importadas da biblioteca da linguagem Casl
Abstract: Formal methods can be used as software engineering tools that employ mathematical formalisms for building and verifying programs. They are usually composed of one or more specification languages and some auxiliary tools. The Common Algebraic Specification Language (Casl) is designed to be the standard language in the area of algebraic specification, taking tecnical elements from other specification languages. The HasCasl language is the extention of the Casl language that is responsible for supporting secondorder logic, which has a subset of its syntax resembling the Haskell programming language. The practical use of a specification language depends on the availability of a standard library of pre-defined specifications. CASL has such a library and its specifications can be imported by specifications developed in HasCasl. However, the library of the Casl language does not provide higer order properties and data types. This dissertation describes the specification of a library for the language HasCasl based on the Prelude library from the Haskell programming language. The library created her provides second-order functions and data types. It does so by specifying data types and functions existing in Haskell language, such as boolean, list, character and string types. The first version of our library uses types with strict evaluation. The second version of the library has been refined to support types with lazy evaluation. Verification of both libraries was performed using the Hets tool, which translates specifications to the HOL language, producing proof needs that were discharged with the help of the Isabelle theorem prover. To illustrate the use of our library, some example specifications using lists and boolean types are included. Some suggestions for extension of the library are proposed, dealing with support for infinite structures and numeric data types
Mestrado
Linguagens de Programação
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
43
Nguyen, Viet Yen [Verfasser]. "Trustworthy spacecraft design using formal methods / Viet Yen Nguyen". Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044749075/34.
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Tosuner, Sevinc. "A case study on software development using formal methods". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31650.pdf.
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Ginbayashi, Jun. "Formal methods and tools for systems analysis and design". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294381.
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Rinaldi, Davide. "Formal methods in the theories of rings and domains". Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-175705.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, Hilbert's Programme has been resumed within the framework of constructive mathematics. This undertaking has already shown its feasability for a considerable part of commutative algebra. In particular, point-free methods have been playing a primary role, emerging as the appropriate language for expressing the interplay between real and ideal in mathematics.
This dissertation is written within this tradition and has Sambin's notion of formal topology at its core. We start by developing general tools, in order to make this notion more immediate for algebraic application. We revise the Zariski spectrum as an inductively generated basic topology, and we analyse the constructive status of the corresponding principles of spatiality and reducibility. Through a series of examples, we show how the principle of spatiality is recurrent in the mathematical practice.
The tools developed before are applied to specific problems in constructive algebra. In particular, we find an elementary characterization of the notion of codimension for ideals of a commutative ring, by means of which a constructive version of Krull's principal ideal theorem can be stated and proved. We prove a formal version of the projective Eisenbud-Evans-Storch theorem. Finally, guided by the algebraic intuition, we present an application in constructive domain theory, by proving a finite version of Kleene-Kreisel density theorem for non-flat information systems.In den vergangenen Jahren wurde das Hilbertsche Programm im Rahmen der konstruktiven Mathematik wiederaufgenommen. Diese Unternehmung hat sich vor allem in der kommutativen Algebra als praktikabel erwiesen. Insbesondere spielen punktfreie Methoden eine wesentliche Rolle: sie haben sich als die angemessene Sprache herausgestellt, um das Zwischenspiel von "real'" und "ideal" in der Mathematik auszudrücken. Die vorliegende Dissertation steht in dieser Tradition; zentral ist Sambins Begriff der formalen Topologie. Zunächst entwickeln wir ein allgemeines Instrumentarium, das geeignet ist, diesen Begriff seinen algebraischen Anwendungen näherzubringen. Sodann arbeiten wir das Zariski-Spektrum in eine induktiv erzeugte "basic topology" um und analysieren den konstruktiven Status der einschlägigen Varianten von Spatialität und Reduzibilität. Durch Angabe einer Reihe von Instanzen zeigen wir, wie häufig das Prinzip der Spatialität in der mathematischen Praxis vorkommt. Die eigens entwickelten Werkzeuge werden schließlich auf spezifische Probleme aus der konstruktiven Algebra angewandt. Insbesondere geben wir eine elementare Charakterisierung der Kodimension eines Ideals in einem kommutativen Ring an, mit der eine konstruktive Fassung des Krullschen Hauptidealsatzes formuliert und bewiesen werden kann. Ferner beweisen wir eine formale Fassung des Satzes von Eisenbud-Evans-Storch im projektiven Fall. Geleitet von der algebraischen Intuition stellen wir zuletzt eine Anwendung in der konstruktiven Bereichstheorie vor, indem wir eine finite Variante des Dichtheitssatzes von Kleene und Kreisel für nicht-flache Informationssysteme beweisen.
47
Topintzi, Ermioni. "System concepts and formal modelling methods for business processes". Thesis, City University London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390937.
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Keeble, Clifford George. "The synthesis of self-timed circuits by formal methods". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239920.
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Mishra, Satish. "Software product and process quality improvement using formal methods". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Die erweiterte CSP-CASL Syntax wird dazu verwendet, sowohl positive als auch negative Testfälle zu generieren. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass erwartetes und unerwünschtes Verhalten in den Testfäallen enthalten ist. Ferner werden Testterminologien für die CSP-CASL Spezifikation beschrieben, welche Softwareverfeinerungen und Erweiterungen untersuchen. Anschliessend wird die formale Definition von Softwareeigenschaften verwendet, um die Wiederverwendbarkeit von Testbestandteilen zu überprüfen. Diese Definitionen beschreiben die grundlegenden Eigenschaften im vorgeschlagenen Produkt und Prozessqualitäts- Framework. Ferner wird die Möglichkeit untersucht, die vorgeschlagenen Formalismus für die Entwicklung eines CMMI Prozesskonformen Frameworks zu verwenden. Dabei werden die Kernaspekte des CMMI Prozessmodells berücksichtigt. Das CMMI Compliance Bewertungssystem wurde entwickelt, um den Grad der Konformit ät der eingesetzten Softwareentwicklungsmethoden mit formalen Methoden zu bewerten. Ein generischer Algorithmus wird vorgeschlagen, um das Compliance Level der CMMI Prozessfelder und ihrer Komponenten zu ermitteln. Das Framework wird durch ein Tool unterstützt. Dieses Tool erlaubt es, die theoretischen Aspekte der vorgeschlagenen Theoreme praktisch zu unterstützen. Die Verwendbarkeit des vorgeschlagenen Frameworks wird an einem Anwendungsbeispiel aus der Medizintechnik gezeigt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das Verständnis der Anwendung von formalen Methoden auf das Organisatorische Prozessmodell CMMI erweitert. Das komplette Framework wird repräsentiert durch die formale Spezifikationssprache CSP- CASL sowie der Prozessmodell CMMI. Ähnliche Ergebnisse können auch mit anderen formalen Methoden und Prozessverbesserungsmodellen erzielt werden. Diese Forschungsarbeit dagegen bildet einen Startpunkt für eine Prozessmodellkonformit ät mit einen auf formalen Methoden basierenden Softwaresystems sowie deren Entwicklung und Wartung.The proposed formalisms and the other properties of formal methods are used to propose a framework of CMMI process model compliance. The core aspects of the CMMI process model are the process areas. A process area is a collection of best practices in a selected area. The CMMI compliance grading scheme is developed to evaluate the level of compliance with formal method based software development. A compliance algorithm is proposed to evaluate the process model through the evaluation of its components. The CMMI process areas are evaluated with a proposed algorithm. The compliance evaluation result is presented in the thesis. The complete framework is supported with a developed tool. This tool allows us to practically support our theoretical concepts. As a proof of concept, we explore our proposed framework for a medical instrument development and maintenance. In this thesis, the understanding of formal methods applicability is extended to the organizational process model, CMMI. The complete framework is presented for a formal specification language, CSP-CASL and process model, CMMI. However, similar result can be achieved with other formal methods for the compliance of other process models. This research is a starting point of process model compliance with formal methods. This has significant potential to automate the achievement of process and product quality goals of software systems.
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Trafford, Paul Joseph. "The use of formal methods for safety-critical systems". Thesis, Kingston University, 1997. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20609/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An investigation is presented into the use of formal methods for the production of safety-critical systems with embedded software. New theory and procedures are tested on an industrial case study, the formal specification and refinement of a communications protocol for medical devices (the Universal Flexport protocol [copyright]). On reviewing the current literature, a strong case emerges for grounding any work within an overall perspective that integrates the experience of safety engineering and the correctness of formal methods. Such a basis, it is argued, is necessary for an effective contribution to the delivery with assurance of life-critical software components. Hence, a safety-oriented framework is proposed which facilitates a natural flow from safety analysis of the entire system through to formal requirements, design, verification and validation for a software model undergoing refinement towards implementation. This framework takes a standard safety lifecycle model and considers where and how formal methods can play apart, resulting in procedures which emphasise the activities most amenable to formal input. Next, details of the framework are instantiated, based upon the provision of a common formal semantics to represent both the safety analysis and software models. A procedure, FTBuild, is provided for deriving formal requirements as part of the process of generating formalised fault trees. Work is then presented on establishing relations between formalised fault trees and models, extending results of other authors. Also given are some notions of (property) conformance with respect to the given requirements. The formal approach itself is supported by the enhancement of the theory of con-formance testing that has been developed for communication systems. The basis of this work is the detailed integration of already established theories: a testing system for process algebra (the Experimental System due to Hennessy and de Nicola) and a more general observation framework (developed by the LOTOSphere consortium). Notions of conformance and robustness are then examined in the context of refinement for the process algebra, (Basic) LOTOS, resulting in the adoption of the commonly accepted 'reduction' relation for which a proof is given that it is testable. Then a new algorithm is developed for a single (canonical) tester for reduction, which is unified in that it tests simultaneously for both con-formance and robustness. It also allows, in certain cases, a straightforward implementation as a Full LOTOS process with the ability to give some diagnostics in the case of failure. The text is supported by examples and some guidelines for use. Finally, having established these foundations, the methodology is demonstrated on the Flexport protocol through two iterations of FTBuild which demonstrate how the activities of specification, safety analysis, validation and refinement are all brought together.