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1
De Carvalho, Luiz Fernando, e Márcia Cristina De Brito Rumeu. "As construções imperativas de 2ª pessoa do singular no português brasileiro escrito dos séculos XIX e XX: rastros históricos do imperativo abrasileirado / The Imperative Constructions of the 2nd Person Singular in Brazilian Portuguese Written in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Historical Traces of the Brazilian Imperative". Caligrama: Revista de Estudos Românicos 27, n. 1 (12 agosto 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.27.1.150-173.
Abstract (sommario):
O imperativo de 2a pessoa do singular manifesta-se no português brasileiropor formas verbais no indicativo (deixa) e no subjuntivo (deixe). Neste estudo, à luz dos princípios da sociolinguística histórica (ROMAINE, 1982 [2010]; HERNÁNDEZ-CAMPOY; CONDE SILVESTRE, 2012), a expressão variável do imperativo de 2a pessoa do singular é analisada a partir de cartas pessoais autógrafas, produzidas por brasileiros (mineiros), entre os séculos XIX e XX. Conduzidos pelo Programa GoldVarbX (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE & SMITH, 2005) para a geração de índices percentuais e probabilísticos, identificamos não só a prevalência do imperativo com formas de subjuntivo (paradigma de você), mas também levantamos evidências do imperativo abrasileirado (PAREDES SILVA et alii, 2000; SCHERRE, 2007).Palavras-chave: imperativo de 2a pessoa do singular; imperativo abrasileirado, variação tu/você; sociolinguística histórica.The imperative of 2nd person singular is manifested in Brazilian Portugueseby the verbal forms in the indicative (deixa) and in the subjunctive (deixe). In this study, in light of the principles of historical sociolinguistics (ROMAINE, 1982 [2010]; HERNÁNDEZ-CAMPOY; CONDE SILVESTRE, 2012), the variable expression of the imperative of 2nd person singular is analyzed in autograph personal letters, produced by Brazilians (specifically writers from the state of Minas Gerais), between the 19th and 20th centuries. Conducted by the GoldVarbX Program (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE & SMITH, 2005) in order to generate percentage and probabilistic indices, we have identified not only the prevalence of the imperative with subjunctive forms (paradigm of você), but we have also raised evidences of the brazilian imperative (PAREDES SILVA et alii, 2000; SCHERRE, 2007).Keywords: imperative of 2nd person singular, brazilian imperative, tu/você variation, historical sociolinguistics.
2
AnderBois, Scott. "An illocutionary account of reportative evidentials in imperatives". Semantics and Linguistic Theory 27 (21 dicembre 2017): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v27i0.4172.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper provides a detailed analysis of reportative evidentials in imperative sentences, drawing on original fieldwork in Tagalog and Yucatec Maya. Previous literature presents two distinct views of such sentences, which we dub `imperative-by-proxy' and `neutral report' views. Based on a range of data across different sorts of imperatives uses in different sorts of contexts, we argue for a version of the `imperative-by-proxy' theory and proposal a formal analysis with theory of illocutionary updates.
3
Kleiber, Judit, e Gábor Alberti. "Compositional analysis of interrogative imperatives in Hungarian". Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 3 (30 dicembre 2017): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.5654.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper investigates utterances which combine imperative and interrogative elements in Hungarian. We intend to explore the scope of the hypothesis that the pragmatico-semantic content of mixed-type sentences can be obtained compositionally. We present four types of interrogative imperative. The imperative factor is indicated by subjunctive morphology on the verb. The interrogative character is represented by (1) rise-fall intonation which marks polar questions, (2) the discourse marker ugye expressing bias, (3) the particle vajon expressing self-reflection or hesitation, and (4) wavy intonation which indicates surprise. We claim that such sentences are primarily questions with their main function being ‘request for instruction’. For the analysis, we take a formal pragmatico-semantic point of view. Our goal is to demonstrate how these sentences can be analyzed compositionally within a belief–desire–intention frame. We apply the formal dynamic discourse- and mind-representation theory ReALIS. We have found that the pragmatico-semantic content (intensional profile) of each type can be constructed via using two formal operations: concatenation and pragmasemantic blending. The composition produces the required output, namely that the interrogation / bias / speculation / surprise which pertains to an eventuality in the case of a simple question, pertains to the “commanding” of this eventuality in the case of interrogative imperatives.
4
Klinger‐Vartabedian, Laurel C. "Formal group communication with older adults: A research imperative". Journal of Applied Communication Research 15, n. 1-2 (marzo 1987): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00909888709365260.
5
Bernander, Rasmus. "On the “Atypical” Imperative Verb Form in Manda". Studia Orientalia Electronica 8, n. 3 (20 novembre 2020): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.69737.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper accounts for the atypical Imperative verb form found in Manda, a Bantu language spoken along the shores of Lake Nyasa in southern Tanzania. Unlike the vast majority of Bantu languages, Manda lacks a reflex of the so called “morphologically specialized” imperative. Instead, Imperatives (as well as other directives) are expressed with the suffixation of a marker of the form -ayi. Based on the form-meaning variation found both language-internally and in comparative data, this study reconstructs the functional and formal pathways of change leading to the highly unusual situation encountered in today’s Manda. The study shows that the Manda Imperative originates from a construction consisting of a reflex of the pre-final morpheme *-a(n)g-, an imperfective marker originally recruited into the directive domain to add pragmatic overtones of emphasis. However, at some point in time the meaning of this erstwhile emphatic construction became neutralized and conventionalized as the regular imperative, while the marker itself became decategorialized and morphophonologically opaque.
6
Chen, Yupin. "Children’s formal division of labor in requests". Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 23, n. 2 (1 giugno 2013): 215–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.23.2.02che.
Abstract (sommario):
This study aims to shed a light on children’s pragmatic development by examining Mandarin-speaking children’s requests in interactions with their parents. It is found that children between 24 and 36 months old appear to use various request forms, primarily with simple imperatives and WANT statements. A closer examination reveals that children prefer to use simple imperatives in activity-based interactions while both primary forms are found in unstructured daily conversations. The findings suggest that children’s preference for simple imperatives may be driven by their awareness of parents’ cooperativeness in interactional situations. It is thus speculated that simple imperatives and WANT statements may be children’s two primal request forms, but they may pivot on one request form when the situation is right.
7
Coffey, Tom, Reiner Dojen e Tomas Flanagan. "Formal verification: an imperative step in the design of security protocols". Computer Networks 43, n. 5 (dicembre 2003): 601–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1286(03)00292-5.
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Knoll, Carsten, Julius Fiedler e Stefan Ecklebe. "Imperative Formal Knowledge Representation for Control Engineering: Examples from Lyapunov Theory". Machines 12, n. 3 (8 marzo 2024): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12030181.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, we introduce a novel method to formally represent elements of control engineering knowledge in a suitable data structure. To this end, we first briefly review existing representation methods (RDF, OWL, Wikidata, ORKG). Based on this, we introduce our own approach: The Python-based imperative representation of knowledge (PyIRK) and its application to formulate the Ontology of Control Systems Engineering (OCSE). One of its main features is the possibility to represent the actual content of definitions and theorems as nodes and edges of a knowledge graph, which is demonstrated by selected theorems from Lyapunov’s theory. While the approach is still experimental, the current result already allows the application of methods of automated quality assurance and a SPARQL-based semantic search mechanism. The feature set of the framework is demonstrated by various examples. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations and directions for further development.
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Asistido, Randolf L., e Wilfredo O. Hermosura. "Imperatives Evident in the EVP’s Special Message during the General Assembly and Alumni Homecoming of 2018". Kalamboan 1 (31 ottobre 2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.61864/kalamboan.v1i1.7.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper analyzed the imperatives found on the special message of the Executive Vice President (EVP) to the Alumni and Employees of STI West Negros University during the General Assembly and Alumni Homecoming at the University Gymnasium on February 17, 2018. After getting the informed consent, needed linguistic data in MP3 format were obtained from the University Alumni Foundation, transcribed into its written form, forwarded for review and validation to the EVP, and thereafter analyzed using Freeman and Murcia’s (2016) textbook entitled The Grammar Book: Form, Meaning and Use for English Language Teachers. Initial data analyses were subjected to research rigors involving three (3) language majors in reputable schools in Bacolod City. They reviewed accuracy of translation from L1 to L2, as well as the accuracy of the analyses and interpretation of data in response to those five (5) specific objectives. Final data analyses found declarative sentences, and not bare imperative sentences, as the most prevalent imperatives recording an enormous frequency of 62%. The same data provide evidence of offer/invitation and advice/suggestion as the dominant linguistic function, the prevalence of diffuse imperative illustrating requests/commands frequently addressed to everyone or anyone in attendance, the negligible occurrence of negative imperatives, and the use of “Please…” and the emphatic auxiliary do as a proven strategy of increasing politeness. These findings call attention on the need to review and possibly enrich the University’s existing ESL curricula by giving a balanced emphasis on the use of imperatives both in pure talk or institutional talk.
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Holvoet, Axel, Anna Daugavet e Liina Lindström. "Insubordinated concessive imperatives". Baltic Linguistics 10 (31 dicembre 2019): 307–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.367.
Abstract (sommario):
The article deals with a constructional idiom attested in both Baltic languages as well as in the neighbouring Slavonic and Fennic languages and in Yiddish, containing as its central component what is argued to be an insubordinated imperatival concessive clause and characterising a situation by hyperbolically describing the consequences conceivably flowing from it or a course of action it could be imagined to induce. This construction, which is clearly an areal feature, has a stable constructional meaning but its formal shape is extraordinarily fluid and differentiated. It also displays a considerable degree of cross-linguistic variation partly resulting from separate developments and partly from interaction with other constructional idioms as well as with other languages. The article deals with the structure and origin of the construction and gives an overview of its variation across languages.
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Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira, Daisy Bárbara Borges Cardoso, Marcus Vinicius da Silva Lunguinho e Heloísa Maria Moreira Lima Salles. "Reflexões sobre o imperativo em Português". DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 23, spe (2007): 193–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502007000300010.
Abstract (sommario):
O estudo examina o uso variável de formas verbais do imperativo no português brasileiro, em comparação com línguas que apresentam o imperativo com morfologia e sintaxe próprias, o chamado imperativo verdadeiro, além das formas derivadas do subjuntivo. Argumentamos que formas do imperativo no português brasileiro atual correspondentes ao imperativo verdadeiro nas línguas citadas não manifestam propriedades morfológicas e sintáticas específicas, bem como não são restringidas pelo traço discursivo [+ proximidade]. Demonstramos que há diferenças geográficas com relação ao fenômeno variável no português brasileiro, especialmente com relação à sintaxe da negação, dos pronomes objeto, e do vocativo, em oposição ao sujeito.
12
Lewis, Nick, Susan Robertson, Miguel Antonio Lim, Janja Komljenovic, Chris Muellerleile, Cris Shore e Tatyana Bajenova. "Market making and the (re)production of knowledge in public universities". Learning and Teaching 15, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2022): 56–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2022.150305.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This collection of short essays presents and examines six vignettes of organisational change in British, New Zealand and European universities. Drawing on the social studies of economisation literature, formal research projects and auto-ethnographic insights, the authors detail profound changes in how knowledge is produced in universities. They examine policy documents, calculative techniques and management practices to illustrate how proliferating market rationalities, technologies and relations are reimagining university missions, reframing their practices and refashioning their subjects. Their vignettes demonstrate that market-making pressures are emerging from micro-scale socio-technical arrangements as well as altered funding models and external policy imperatives. They reveal the extent and detail of market-making pressures on academic practice in research and teaching. Finding ways to contest these pressures is imperative.
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Dhandi, Gabriel, e Sutrisno Sutrisno. "Social Entrepreneurship as a Form of Social Mandate and Implications for Today`s Evangelism". RERUM: Journal of Biblical Practice 2, n. 1 (15 aprile 2023): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55076/rerum.v2i1.102.
Abstract (sommario):
All believers are appointed by God to do His work on earth. There are three imperatives or orders: the cultural imperative, the missionary imperative, and the social imperative. Every believer has a duty to fulfill this commission, a responsibility that must be fulfilled. Nevertheless, some believers do not feel responsible for fulfilling their social and divine mission. A social commission is a divine command given to believers to pay attention and care for social problems as they arise. However, some believers still ignore social imperatives on the grounds that human social conditions will surely be destroyed and destroyed, so there is no point in influencing the structure of society. A Christian's only duty is to perform only spiritual acts of salvation. Indeed, when this social task is carried out by believers, there is a great opportunity if this task is carried out correctly and properly. However, if we consider social missions further, we find that social entrepreneurship is a social mission. Social entrepreneurship can also be a vehicle for gospel preaching today. The method of answering this research question is presented in a narrative format using a qualitative writing method and then a literature review approach. Using this method, we can understand that even though social entrepreneurship is a form of social mission, it can be realized through social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship can not only help people with social problems, but it can bring God's universal love to those who do not know God. Also, Allah's Shalom is readily available to all mankind from all aspects of life.
14
Son, JyEun. "Two forms of the second person singular imperative and the Pan-Hispanic nature of their use". Estudios Hispánicos 109 (31 dicembre 2023): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21811/eh.109.35.
15
Moraru, Victor, e Ionel Pintilii. "CONTEMPORARY JOURNALISM BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL FORMAT AND THE IMPERATIVE OF CHANGE". Moldoscopie, n. 1(92) (giugno 2021): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1812-2566.2021.1(92).13.
Abstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of contemporary journalism. Understanding the dynamics of the development of journalism makes it possible to outline a multifaceted picture of constantly changing media in the context of informational progress and the formation of a new media reality. On the basis of establishing a number of essential criteria, a possible classification of journalism is proposed, the prerequisites for the formation and context of the transformations taking place in the media sphere are revealed. The emphasis is on clarifying the relationship between continuity and innovation in this area, the potential of journalism is revealed in the manifestation of traditional forms, enriched by the emergence of new forms and paradigms of the media.
16
Robles-Puente, Sergio. "Sociopragmatic factors and melodic patterns: Spanish vocatives and imperatives compared". Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 12, n. 1 (27 maggio 2019): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2019-2005.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractDue to their addressing nature, vocatives and imperatives have been said in multiple occasions to have the same function and similar phonological characteristics. The aim of this paper is to examine the intonational link between these two kinds of sentences in Peninsular Spanish considering sociopragmatic and situational factors like the level of formality and the degree of insistence. In order to do so, twenty-eight native speakers of Peninsular Spanish produced isolated names and verbs in formal and informal settings followed by insistent productions. The phonetic and phonological analyses of 1232 one-word productions indicate that both speech acts share multiple contours; namely L* H%, L + H* HL%, L + H* !H%, L + H* L%, L + H* H%, L + H* LH%. Nevertheless, L + H* L% was the most used contour for both speech acts regardless of the sociopragmatic and situational factors. Interestingly, speakers modified the phonetic properties of intensity and F0 depending on the situation since informal and insistent productions had a higher F0, wider pitch excursions and more intensity than their formal and non-insistent counterparts. As alternatives, L* L% contours were attested in formal imperatives while L + H* LH% and L + H* HL% were more common in informal ones. After L + H* L% contours, L + H* HL% and L* H% were the preferred options in formal vocatives but the latter was hardly attested in informal ones.
17
Zapf, Hubert. "The “Ecological Imperative” in Literary Studies". Anglia 141, n. 3 (1 settembre 2023): 450–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2023-0029.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The ‘ecological imperative’ (Hans Jonas) manifests in different ways according to the linguistic, generic, medial, and semiotic conditions in which it is communicated. This is also true of creative forms of cultural practice such as literature and the aesthetic. The ecological imperative in literature is conveyed not primarily through its discursive content but through the narrative, formal, and aesthetic procedures themselves that literary texts employ, that is, through the translation of the autopoietic complexities of the aesthetic into the co-creative responsiveness of its recipients. The paper starts with some comments on the underestimated relationship between literature and survival; looks at some of the ways in which the intrinsic eco-ethical dimension of literature has been described in ecocriticism, distinguishing three major directions of material, political, and cultural ecology in the field; and addresses the ecological imperative in transdisciplinary contexts that are significant for environmental studies in general, sustainability and the Anthropocene. The paper ends with a list of features of literature as a medium of the ecological imperative from a cultural-ecological perspective.
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Espírito Santo, Marilia. "Autonomia e determinação completa na Fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes". Analytica - Revista de Filosofia 22, n. 1 (16 aprile 2019): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35920/arf.2018.v22i1.105-119.
Abstract (sommario):
RESUMOPretende-se sustentar que para compreender o princípio da autonomia como princípio supremo da moralidade na Fundamentação, isto é, como a fórmula que contém em si as outras fórmulas do imperativo categórico, é preciso interpretá-la mediante o princípio da determinação completa. Conforme a indicação de Kant de que ocorre uma progressão entre as fórmulas, segue-se o fio condutor das formas lógicas da quantidade em direção às categoriasda quantidade, tal como estabelecido na Crítica da razão pura. Ora, se a concepção kantiana de razão (em seus usos teórico e prático) pressupõe sua interpretação da lógica, então é de supor na relação entre as fórmulas do imperativo categórico a mesma relação que encontramos na combinação das categorias de quantidade.Palavras-chave: Kant, imperativo categórico, autonomia, determinação completa, categorias de quantidade, fiocondutor.ABSTRACTWe argue that to understand autonomy as the supreme principle of morality, that is, as the formula that contains the other formulas within itself, we have to understand it by means of the principle of complete determination. Following Kant’s remark that there is a progression among the formulas, we recall the problem of the guiding thread in the Critique of Pure Reason. Now, since Kant’s conception of reason (both theoretical and practical) dependson his logic, it seems that to understand the relationship among the formulas of the categorical imperative, we have to understand the relationship among 1) transcendental unity, logical universality and formula of universal law/law of nature; 2) transcendental plurality, logical particularity and formula of humanity; 3) transcendentaltotality, logical singularity and formula of autonomy/realm of ends.Key-words: Kant, Categorical Imperative, Autonomy, Complete Determination, Categories of Quantity, Guiding Thread
19
Pemberton, Richard. "IAPT, Downing Street and an imperative for change". Clinical Psychology Forum 1, n. 257 (maggio 2014): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2014.1.257.54.
Abstract (sommario):
As this is a special issue, this month’s news is supplied by commentators from a social-materialist perspective. Next month will be back to the usual format. I hope you find these pieces thought provoking, regardless of whether you agree with the content.
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Ledgeway, Adam, Norma Schifano e Giuseppina Silvestri. "The Negative Imperative in Southern Calabria. Spirito Greco, Materia Romanza Again?" Journal of Language Contact 14, n. 1 (30 settembre 2021): 184–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-14010007.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The aim of this article is to investigate a special case of suppletion in the paradigm of the negative imperative in some dialects of southern Calabria. First, we show how these paradigms involve the extension of an original infinitival desinence to a present indicative verb, giving rise to a hybrid imperatival form (Section 2). Second, we claim that this pattern of suppletion does not represent a Romance-internal development but, rather, the outcome of contact-induced change and, in particular, the influence of the local Greek sub-/adstrate (Section 3). Furthermore, we show that these hybrid patterns also provide significant evidence for the formal morphosyntactic equivalence between competing Greek finite and Romance non-finite forms of subordination, a typical Balkanism (Section 4). Finally, we demonstrate that the extension of the Romance infinitival desinence according to an underlying Greek model yields in synchrony an alternation between a suppletive positive imperative and a true negative imperative, a typologically very rare formal opposition (Section 5).
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Ochoa Rocha, Juana Maurilia. "Teoría Fundamentada aplicada a las experiencias de profesores universitarios transversalizando la cultura de paz". Revista de Cultura de paz 6 (31 dicembre 2022): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.58508/cultpaz.v6.136.
Abstract (sommario):
La educación formal adquiere una gran responsabilidad al ser una institución orientada a la formación de ciudadanos comprometidos con la trasformación social. Es necesario repensar las formas de educación, las metodologías pedagógicas, los contenidos curriculares, los aprendizajes esperados y la estructura curricular para orientarla a una formación integral que favorezca el desarrollo de las habilidades, actitudes y conocimientos que ayuden a construir una cultura orientada a la paz. La transformación del currículo en la educación superior, acontece como una necesidad imperativa a nivel mundial convirtiéndose a su vez en una estrategia para formar profesionales con una educación integral que tengan las competencias teóricas y prácticas necesarias para responder a la complejidad de la realidad social que nos rodea. Es por ello que los profesores hablan desde su práctica docente diaria y exponen una serie de experiencias con la transversalización de la cultura de paz desde el aula. Empleando la comparación constante como principal método que la teoría fundamentada utiliza para poder identificar categorías teóricas, se encontró que los profesores transmiten a sus estudiantes la apropiación de la cultura de paz que ellos experimentan en su vida profesional y personal. Es necesario que cada docente frente a grupo reconozca la importancia de educar para construir una cultura de paz para que pueda así transformar su práctica docente y transversalizar sus materias integrando la cultura de paz.
22
Stander, H. F. "'n Splinternuwe uitdaging wag op Bybelvertalers". HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 51, n. 1 (31 marzo 1995): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v51i1.5770.
Abstract (sommario):
A new challenge for Bible translators A few decades ago the development of the dynamic-equivalent method of translation (which later became known as functional equivalence) broke radically away from the formal and traditional method of translation. Since then the functional-equivalent approach has undergone refinement, but the development can no longer be called revolutionary. However, research in the art of translation has now shifted from the method of translation to the format of the printed text (also called the paralinguistic features of the text). In this article practical examples are given of how the employment of paralinguistic features can underscore the meaning of the text of the Bible, especially the Afrikaans Bible since it has become imperative to start working on a new translation.
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Pires, Pedro, Marco Batista, Daniel A. Marinho, Antonio Antúnez, Helena Mesquita e Sergio J. Ibáñez. "Training and Profile of Special Olympics Portugal Coaches: Influence of Formal and Non-Formal Learning". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 12 (16 giugno 2021): 6491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126491.
Abstract (sommario):
Since coaches play an important role in the development of athletes, the process and mechanisms used by Special Olympics Portugal to develop coaches’ skills are worthy of research. In this context, the study aims to identify the training paths and profiles of the Special Olympics Portugal coach. It also aims to analyze the relationship between formal and non-formal learning in the profile and training of this type of coach. The research is descriptive and transversal regarding Special Olympics Portugal coaches, with the participation of 50 subjects. Two questionnaires were used, the Coaches’ Training Profile Questionnaire to determine the training routes, and the Coaches’ Orientation Questionnaire. The results show that the Special Olympics Portugal coaches have an academic background and a somewhat critical profile. It is imperative to build formal and non-formal learning contexts that focus on the theme of adapted sports, in order to allow the training of more qualified coaches, who are consequently more effective in their interventions with this type of athlete.
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Sequini Favaro, Gisela. "O estudo do imperativo no período trovadoresco". Estudos Linguísticos (São Paulo. 1978) 47, n. 1 (17 ottobre 2018): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21165/el.v47i1.1973.
Abstract (sommario):
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos principais o mapeamento e a análise das formas verbais imperativas no Português Arcaico (PA). Serão consideradas como objeto de estudo as formas do imperativo e o contexto em que estão conjugadas em PA. A metodologia para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho é constituída pela coleta e análise dos dados nas Cantigas de Santa Maria. A relevância desta pesquisa reside, principalmente, em analisar a estruturação morfológica do imperativo, ainda não estudada no que se refere à constituição verbal da época medieval.
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MacAloon, John J. "The Ethnographic Imperative in Comparative Olympic Research". Sociology of Sport Journal 9, n. 2 (giugno 1992): 104–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.9.2.104.
Abstract (sommario):
Ethnographic method in social science research has commonly been portrayed as imposing a dilemma between values of scale and values of context. In comparative sport studies today—with their emphasis on multinational organizations, state-level agencies, commercial and media conglomerates, and mass publics of interpreting consumers as the most visible social actors—little place has been found for the practices of extended participant observation. While true with respect to other sociological communities as well, the absence of formal fieldwork methods is particularly diagnostic of sport investigators within cultural reproduction and hegemony theory and “British cultural studies.” I suggest that such methodological choices are intensely revealing of theoretical, epistemological, and political presuppositions, in particular of quite opposed conceptions of “comparative studies.” I argue that dichotomizing between experience-near methods and political analysis of large-scale institutional structures is misleading and pernicious. Sustained ethnography may be the only means of generating certain data necessary to truly comparative sociological study of the cultural and economic politics of international sport.
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Lukianenko, Dmytro, e Anastasiia Simakhova. "Civilizational Imperative of Social Economy". Problemy Ekorozwoju 18, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2023.1.13.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent decades, the socialization of economic development has become one of the key trends in globalization and, at the same time, a multilevel, structured and institutionalized process. Theoretical approaches to the essential identification of the social economy are generalized and a multi-criteria format of evolution of its models is proposed, based on social justice, responsibility and solidarity, social mentality and culture, social unity and optimism, social security, climate and comfort. The current configuration of the sustainable development paradigm with its subjective determination is outlined. The results of cluster modeling according to global indices of human development, social process, economic freedom, well-being of the elderly, happy planet, happiness and gender gap are presented. Social attention is paid to the empirical comparison of countries in terms of social optimism using global indices of happiness and a happy planet. The results of the empirical analysis are summarized in the disposition of the Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, continental, Mediterranean and transitive models of the social economy, which need qualitative renewal in the process of their global scaling.
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Tsimbolynets, Vitalii, e Jan Perhač. "Visualization Tool for Structural Operational Semantics of Simple Imperative Language". IPSI Transactions on Internet Research 19, n. 01 (1 gennaio 2023): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2301.11.
Abstract (sommario):
We teach the subject of the semantics of programming languages at the graduate level, where we present different approaches to the definition of formal semantics for imperative languages. In this paper, we present a new teaching tool for visualization of semantics computation of a toy imperative language by the small-step semantic method. We have developed a responsive web application that simulates a computation of a program’s semantics as is done by hand on a blackboard.
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Protsenko, Volodymyr. "Description of the Imperative Programming Language in Haskell". NaUKMA Research Papers. Computer Science 4 (10 dicembre 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-3808.2021.4.72-77.
Abstract (sommario):
When creating a programming language, it is necessary to determine its syntax and semantics. The main task of syntax is to describe all constructions that are elements of the language. For this purpose, a specific syntax highlights syntactically correct sequences of characters of the language alphabet. Most often it is a finite set of rules that generate an infinite set of all construction languages, such as the extended Backus-Naur (BNF) form.To describe the semantics of the language, the preference is given to the abstract syntax, which in real programming languages is shorter and more obvious than specific. The relationship between abstract syntax objects and the syntax of the program in compilers solves the parsing phase.Denotational semantics is used to describe semantics. Initially, it records the denotations of the simplest syntactic objects. Then, with each compound syntactic construction, a semantic function is associated, which by denotations of components of a design calculates its value – denotation. Since the program is a specific syntactic construction, its denotation is possible to determine using the appropriate semantic function. Note that the program itself is not executed when calculating its denotation.The denotative description of a programming language includes the abstract syntax of its constructions, denotations – the meanings of constructions and semantic functions that reflect elements of abstract syntax (language constructions) in their denotations (meanings).The use of the functional programming language Haskell as a metalanguage is considered. The Haskell type system is a good tool for constructing abstract syntax. The various possibilities for describing pure functions, which are often the denotations of programming language constructs, are the basis for the effective use of Haskell to describe denotational semantics.The paper provides a formal specification of a simple imperative programming language with integer data, block structure, and the traditional set of operators: assignment, input, output, loop and conditional. The ability of Haskell to effectively implement parsing, which solves the problem of linking a particular syntax with the abstract, allows to expand the formal specification of the language to its implementation: a pure function — the interpreter.The work contains all the functions and data types that make up the interpreter of a simple imperative programming language.
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I'Anson, John, e Sandra Eady. "Partnership as Educational Policy Imperative: An Unquestioned Good?" Professions and Professionalism 7, n. 3 (15 novembre 2017): e1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/pp.1814.
Abstract (sommario):
“Partnership” is often promoted as an unquestioned “good” for higher education institutions in relation to its various stakeholder organizations. This paper seeks to problematize this uncritical valorization through a critical interrogation of the concepts and socio-material practices associated with partnership. In the name of partnership, new forms of governance are inaugurated that have far-reaching effects. More specifically, this paper is concerned with a critical analysis of partnership in relation to a longitudinal study of the relational practices between a university and five local authorities within a Scottish educational context. In particular, we trace how a “signature event” transformed a partnership assemblage, from one characterized by a grammar of participation, to a formal partnership aligned with a set of principles that we characterize as a grammar of representation. We argue that this transition led to a new assemblage that enacted new accountabilities, performativities, and alignments under the sign of partnership.
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Cruz Maciel de Carvalho, Mateus. "Imperatives in Arawá languages". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas 16, n. 2 (20 dicembre 2016): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/liames.v16i2.8646353.
Abstract (sommario):
As línguas Arawá são faladas no sul da Amazônia por pessoas que vivem no interflúvio Juruá-Purus. Tipologicamente, a estrutura do predicado de tais línguas e sintética e composta predominantemente por sufixos. Neste artigo eu forneço uma comparação dos imperativos nas línguas Arawá com intuito de mostrar as características que elas incluem, e as categorias linguísticas que essas línguas empregam no imperativo. Contrariamente à expectativa, a disctinção de gênero (que é amplamente espalhada nas gramáticas das línguas Arawá) e somente empregada em duas línguas (Jarawara e Kulina) nesta família. Todas as línguas Arawá incluem formas para negar imperativos. Exceto Paumarí (a qual marca a negação in construções imperativas por uma partícula na posição inicial da cláusula), todas as línguas Arawá têm morfemas qye podem ser anexados a raiz verbal indicando negação.
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Steingartner, William, e Erik Gajdoš. "The visualization of a graph semantics of imperative languages". Politehnika 5, n. 2 (22 dicembre 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36978/cte.5.2.1.
Abstract (sommario):
This work aims to present the software support for teaching in the field of formal semantics of imperative programming languages. The main part focuses on a software tool that provides a visual representation of the individual steps of the calculation in categorical semantics, which can also be referred to as graph semantics. The use of software tools in teaching to visually represent computational steps considerably facilitates understanding by students and can also serve as a good basis for supporting distance learning. Our program works in the standard form: after reading the correct user input, a visual representation of the meaning of the program is generated in the form of a category of states, which is displayed as an oriented graph. For better extensibility, the program is implemented as a web application.
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Tacoronte Domínguez, María José. "G. Marañón y R. Novoa. Del imperativo natural al imperativo social". Análisis. Revista de investigación filosófica 3, n. 1 (28 luglio 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_arif/a.rif.201611279.
Abstract (sommario):
El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias y continuidades que pueden encontrarse en el pensamiento de dos figuras representativas de la medicina en España durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX: Roberto Novoa Santos y Gregorio Marañón y Posadillo. La importancia de comparar el pensamiento de estos dos catedráticos se deriva, en primer lugar, de la existencia de circunstancias compartidas: ambos fueron dos científicos progresistas, política e ideológicamente, que compartieron muchas cuestiones sobre el desarrollo social. En segundo, uno y otro mostraron un especial interés por la cuestión de la mujer. Ambos autores representaron dos formas de pensamiento que coincidían en ciertos aspectos, pero que se diferenciaban en otros fundamentales, lo que tuvo consecuencias diferentes en su trayectoria política en lo que respecta al tema de los derechos de las mujeres. En tercer lugar, en sus escritos es posible identificar una notable relación entre ciencia y política, ya que utilizaron el recurso a la ciencia para justificar su ideología y su posterior influencia política sobre la división social de los sexos.
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Greimann, Dirk. "Kants Ableitung der Formel des kategorischen Imperativs aus seinem bloßen Begriff". History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 6, n. 1 (5 aprile 2003): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-00601006.
34
Shafti, Saeed Shoja. "Tutoring Journal Club as an Imperative Scholastic Maneuver : A Local Probe". Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 2, n. 2 (24 gennaio 2020): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/017.
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction: while journal clubs are a time-honored method of reviewing and discussing the scientific literature in medicine, hitherto there is no universally accepted definition of that. Purpose of the present study involved a comparison between instructive values of meetings that are directed by an authentic faculty member in comparison with conferences that are usually coached by chief residents. Methods: Forty-two psychiatric residents (from two psychiatric training centers) have been quizzed about the intentions, principles or importance of journal club. Both of said colleges had comparable settings, conferences and alike standard psychiatric journals. In one of them the papers were chosen usually by chief resident, who was as well coordinator of the conferences, while in the other one, articles were chosen habitually by a faculty member, as director and coordinator of sessions. After at least one year of attending in associated sessions, all the participants were asked to answer incognito to a Survey Questionnaire, including 23 questions, involved multiple answers, with different Coding Categories. Analysis of data was performed by way of ‘Comparison of Proportions’. Quantities in each group, as well, were analyzed in line with percentage of responds to different Coding Categories. Significance was defined as P≤0.05. Results: While all participants replied questionnaires, significant difference was evident between two groups regarding their response to at least twelve questions. Judgment of residents were generally and remarkably different with regard to : ‘goals’ , ‘format’ ,’necessity of attendance’ ,’quality of participation of faculty’ , ‘educational value of core curriculum of journal club’, ‘its critical role with regard to research and appraisal of topics ‘, and in conclusion ‘as a resource for continuous education’. Conclusion: While journal club formats are educationally diverse and appear to be more effective if they have a leader, disciplined organization of journal club by a skilled faculty member may enhance scientific insight and instructive gratifications of apprentices.
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Dalamu, Taofeek Olaiwola. "Halliday’s Mood System: A Scorecard of Literacy in the English Grammar in an L2 Situation / O sistema de modo de Halliday: um quadro de resultados sobre o conhecimento da gramática da língua inglesa como L2". REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 27, n. 1 (6 gennaio 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.27.1.241-274.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: It is no gainsaying that English is not only renowned in world affairs; its hegemony over other languages seems incontestable, and perhaps, unchecked. The domineering behavior has persuaded an L2 speaker to seek the knowledge of the language at all costs. It is fascinating to propose that the Halliday’s mood system could play a vibrant role in the understanding of the structures of English. This basis inspired the study to elucidate the arms of the mood system as consisting of grammatical structures of declarative, imperative, and interrogative; semiotic domains of Mood and Residue; and interpersonal grammatical transposition of MOOD. For a practical purpose, the study examined ten texts of advertisements processed through the mood system. The analysis revealed the verbal group as containing the finite and the predicator. Moreover, in a situation of fusion, both Finite and Predicator shared the verbal functional entity in terms of tense and natural ‘process’ statuses. Furthermore, Subject, Finite, Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct (SFPCA) are the components of the declarative, Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct (PCA) represent the jussive imperative; and SPCAs are units of the suggestive imperative. The study suggested that the appreciation of mood systemic sequences could quicken an L2 speaker to a better-cum-fuller understanding of English grammatical system.Keywords: English grammar; language acquisition; language learning; literacy; mood system.Resumo: Não é novidade que o inglês é reconhecido mundialmente; sua hegemonia parece incontestável e talvez, sem julgamento. A dominância dessa língua persuade seus falantes como L2 a buscarem conhecimento sobre ela de todas as formas. É fascinante propor que o sistema de modo de Halliday poderia ter um papel importante na compreensão das estruturas do inglês. Essa ideia inspirou esse estudo a elucidar o papel do sistema de modo, o qual consiste de estruturas gramaticais declarativas, imperativas e interrogativas; que pertencem ao domínio semiótico de Modo e Resíduo e à transposição gramatical interpessoal de MODO. Para o estudo dez testos de propagandas foram processados através do sistema de modo. A análise revelou que o grupo verbal contém formas Finitas e Predicadores. Ademais, numa situação de fusão, ambos o sistema Finito e Predicador dividiam a função verbal de entidade funcional em termos de tempo e processos naturais. Além disso, Sujeito, Finito, Predicador, Complemento e Adjunto (SFPCA) são componentes de declarativas; Predicador, Complemento e Adjunto (PCA) representam o imperativo jussivo; e SPCAs são unidades do imperativo sugestivo. O estudo sugere que a observação de sequências sistêmicas de modo poderiam agilizar o conhecimento de um aprendiz de inglês L2 do sistema gramatical da língua.Palavras-chave: gramática do inglês; aquisição de língua; aprendizagem de língua; letramento; sistema de modo.
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Puspita Dewi, Ni Made, I Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha Putra e IB Gede Nova Winarta. "Imperative Sentence in “The Guidance iPhone Support Website”". ELYSIAN JOURNAL : English Literature, Linguistics and Translation Studies 1, n. 1 (15 settembre 2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/elysian.v1i1.1544.
Abstract (sommario):
This study attempts to describe imperative sentence in “The Guidance iPhone Support Website”. The aim of this study to investigate the types of imperative sentences and to determine the constituent structure by using tree diagram. The data were collected through library research by reading the e-guidance, note taking and classifying the data based on imperative sentence. The analysis of the data was conducted qualitative method and presented descriptively based on the theory proposed by Quirk et al. (1985) in classifying the types of imperative sentence and the theory proposed by Brown and Miller (1991) is used in analysing the constituent structure by using tree diagram. The method that applied in presenting the result of the analysis was used formal and informal methods. There are two types of imperative sentences found In “The Guidance of iPhone Support Website”, as follows: imperative without subject with a total of 242 or 98,4% and negative imperative with a total of 4 or 1,6%. The constituent structure of imperative sentence is described by tree diagram. The constituent of imperative sentence found in data consists of an omitted subject and negative form.
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Edzard, Lutz. "Embedded imperatives in Semitic, Germanic, and other languages". Oslo Studies in Language 11, n. 2 (21 gennaio 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.8490.
Abstract (sommario):
Several Semitic and Germanic languages, just as languages belonging to other language families (Slovenian, Korean), embed imperatives and thus use direct speech in syntactical context, where most other languages would use subordinate clauses. This kind of embedding can entail “shifting indexicals” and “imposters”, i.e. the reference to one and the same person with different persons in the verbal and pronominal system, even within one and the same phrase. In this paper, departing from the Germanic and other data presented so far in this context, I attempt a descriptive analysis of this phenomenon focusing on Semitic, with only hints to elements of a formal analysis.
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Prebisch, Raúl. "Renovar nuestras ideas: ¡un imperativo!" Lecturas de Economía, n. 20 (11 marzo 2011): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n20a8005.
Abstract (sommario):
• Resumen: Son muchos y dramáticos los problemas que afronta América Latina y el área del Caribe; para afrontarlos se necesita renovar y reconsiderar las ideas acerca de éstos. Hay una imitación de las formas de consumo de los centros, por parte de los estratos más altos de la población, en desmedro de la acumulación de capital; surgen nuevas formas de consumo privado y social que se superponen a aquéllas y su aumento tiende a superar el ritmo de incremento de la productividad, lo que genera fenómenos inflacionarios frente a los cuales la política monetaria restrictiva no es eficaz. La deuda externa debe afrontarse como lo que es: un problema esencialmente político; el dilema entre sustitución de importaciones o exportación de manufacturas no es un problema de preferencias doctrinarias sino que depende de la capacidad receptiva de los centros. En fin, existen problemas que tienen que ver con la reforma monetaria internacional. Para éstos, como para los demás, es imprescindible el diálogo –sin ideas preconcebidas- entre el Norte y el Sur. • Abstract: The problems which face Latin America and the Caribbean are both many and dramatic. To confront those problems it is necessary to reconsider and redevelop our ideas about them. This article is in this reformist tradition. It suggests that the tendency amongst the upper strata of Latin society to follow a consumption pattern typical of core countries occurs at the cost of accumulation of capital, and tends to impose new patterns of both public and private consumption in excess of the growth of productivity. In turn this is a root cause of an inflation which is beyond the power of traditional monetary policy to restrict. The problem of the external debt is then argued to be the product of politics. It does not emerge as a consequence of a policy of import substitution or of inadequate export promotion but more fundamentally as a result of the receptive capacity of core countries. Finally there exist problems which can only be resolved as part of major international currency reform. To achieve this like many of other required reforms there must be an open dialogue, without conceived ideas, between North and South.
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Payne, Adrian, e Pennie Frow. "Developing superior value propositions: a strategic marketing imperative". Journal of Service Management 25, n. 2 (14 aprile 2014): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-01-2014-0036.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose – Scholars identify the value proposition as representing the essence of strategy and the firm's single most important organizing principle. However, research suggests less than 10 per cent of companies formally develop value propositions. The purpose of this paper is to undertake case study research investigating the process by which leading companies develop their value propositions. Design/methodology/approach – The research identifies that the financial services and telecommunications vertical markets are viewed as the highly sophisticated industry sectors in terms of customer management. These industry sectors are selected for investigation. The paper develops case studies of two companies’ approaches to developing value propositions in the business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) sectors within these vertical markets. Findings – This paper contributes to the marketing literature by examining how two large and complex service enterprises have adopted structured processes for developing innovative value proposition within the B2B and B2C sectors. The authors argue that innovation in value proposition development represents a substantive opportunity for marketing to reassert its influence in the boardroom. Practical implications – This case study research provides guidelines of the processes by which enterprises can successfully develop innovative value propositions. Originality/value – This research is considered to be the first case-based academic exploration of the formal processes by which large organizations develop value propositions.
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Arsene, Ionela. "The formal notice of persons". Technium Social Sciences Journal 46 (9 agosto 2023): 228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v46i1.9380.
Abstract (sommario):
The public order policeman is a civilian, armed civil servant, with a special status, who usually wears a uniform and performs the duties provided by law for the Romanian Police, as a specialized institution of the state. The policeman exercises his function by officially intervening, when the situation requires it, against any individual, regardless of his rank or social position. Any action taken must be motivated by the need to defend the life and bodily integrity of the individual, but also the property, or to maintain the climate of public safety. In the interaction with the citizens, various situations have been noticed in which the police officers do not address them with sufficient kindness, they apply the legal provisions abusively and even commit acts of impropriety, things incompatible with the status of a police officer or, even better said, the status of the police from a member country of the European Union. The job of a policeman, due to its specificity, comes with special duties and risks, so that through the law on the organization and operation of the Romanian Police and the Statute of the policeman, he is granted rights and obligations by which he can fulfill his entrusted missions, taking at the same time in calculating and ensuring protection. Precisely in order to carry out everything according to the legal provisions and for the safety of people, during and in connection with the fulfillment of the duties, the policeman is invested with public authority. As a result of the usual activities, the operational staff of the Romanian Police may face several situations that can only be solved by means of the laws in force and based on the experience gained. That is why it is necessary to know and respect the methods of intervention by applying appropriate rules, the intervention being an imperative condition for the successful fulfillment of professional duties.
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Nhatuve, Diocleciano. "Para a normatização do português de Moçambique: aspectos do uso do imperativo por estudantes universitários". Domínios de Lingu@gem 12, n. 1 (29 marzo 2018): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/dl33-v12n1a2018-16.
Abstract (sommario):
O objetivo deste estudo é de descrever as realizações linguísticas de enunciados com valor imperativo para identificar as tendências que diferenciam o português de Moçambique e o português europeu. O corpus é constituído por frases de estudantes universitários da cidade de Maputo. Com base numa metodologia mista, o estudo revela que os aspectos particulares do português de Moçambique registram-se no uso do imperativo com a forma de tratamento informal. O uso das formas verbais do presente do indicativo, a negação do imperativo verdadeiro e o cancelamento das formas de tratamento junto das formas verbais supletivas são as principais tendências.
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Steingartner, William, e Valerie Novitzká. "Categorical model of structural operational semantics for imperative language". Journal of information and organizational sciences 40, n. 2 (9 dicembre 2016): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31341/jios.40.2.3.
Abstract (sommario):
Definition of programming languages consists of the formal definition of syntax and semantics. One of the most popular semantic methods used in various stages of software engineering is structural operational semantics. It describes program behavior in the form of state changes after execution of elementary steps of program. This feature makes structural operational semantics useful for implementation of programming languages and also for verification purposes. In our paper we present a new approach to structural operational semantics. We model behavior of programs in category of states, where objects are states, an abstraction of computer memory and morphisms model state changes, execution of a program in elementary steps. The advantage of using categorical model is its exact mathematical structure with many useful proved properties and its graphical illustration of program behavior as a path, i.e. a composition of morphisms. Our approach is able to accentuate dynamics of structural operational semantics. For simplicity, we assume that data are intuitively typed. Visualization and facility of our model is not only a new model of structural operational semantics of imperative programming languages but it can also serve for education purposes.
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Madanović, Milica. "Passion for past and functional imperative: Belgrade interwar residential architecture by Aleksandar Deroko". SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, n. 3 (2019): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1901043m.
Abstract (sommario):
The name and the achievements of Aleksandar Deroko shine brightly in the constellation of Serbian architectural history. Deroko actively contributed to the Serbian twentieth-century architecture as a distinguished professor at the University of Belgrade, a prolific author, esteemed scholar, designer, and a highly driven heritage enthusiast. However, though recognised by his contemporaries and successors alike, Deroko's design activity has not yet been thoroughly examined. Exploring residential buildings designed for Deroko's Belgrade clientele, this paper widens the knowledge of his architectural production. Deroko's well-known passion for architectural history and extensive research of the Serbian vernacular buildings serve as a starting point for the study of his residential structures in Belgrade. Was Deroko's design process influenced by his deep appreciation for architectural past, and by the results of his findings? Or has he only adopted the formal characteristics of historic styles and vernacular architecture in his work? If so, to what extent? Discussing five structures built in the interwar period - house of Colonel Elezović, the Rakić villa, the Simić villa, the Marinković villa, the Stakić villa and the architect's personal villa - the paper traces transformation of Deroko's architectural inspiration, from typical academic historicist eclecticism to vernacular construction.
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Petrachini, William Cepkauskas. "Da ética formal para uma ética da vida: a ampliação do imperativo categórico em Jonas". Brazilian Journal of Development 9, n. 1 (27 gennaio 2023): 5678–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n1-387.
Abstract (sommario):
A vida do sujeito contemporâneo sofre modificações decorrentes da presença da tecnologia. Não há como retroceder ao ponto em que não havia sua intromissão, pois, iniciada na revolução industrial, a capacidade de formular soluções tecnológicas passou a orientar o comportamento humano. Diante desse cenário que se intensifica, a humanidade se vê em uma relação imbricada com a tecnologia. Nesta esteira, Jonas proporá uma ética que visa compreender essas transformações, frisando a importância da humanidade não perder de vista o que há de mais essencial nela: a vida. Neste sentido, Jonas demonstrará que a ética atual está alicerçada naquela teorizada por Kant, que possui como sua diretriz o imperativo categórico: “Aja de tal modo que sua ação possa ser universalizável.”. Ainda que Jonas não desconsidere a proposta kantiana, a crítica direciona-se ao seu aspecto, que não possui o condão de produzir o comportamento necessário para a preservação da vida, em virtude de não poder gerar no indivíduo uma ação efetiva no plano real, superando a pura racionalidade. Assim, é importante que uma ética possa nos sujeitos, movendo suas capacidades intelectuais e afetivas para uma ação que preserve de modo inconteste a vida. Neste ponto, a vida recebe tratamento diferenciado na ética de Jonas, pois, ao querer ampliar o imperativo categórico, possui como base um viés ontológico, pois a lei moral prevista em Kant, aquela que dita o comportamento não é mais suficiente para encarar as modificações tecnológicas. É necessário um passo além. Na proposta do imperativo de Jonas, esse avanço direciona-se à preservação da vida: “Aja de modo a que os efeitos da tua ação não sejam destrutivos para a possibilidade futura de uma tal vida”. Deste modo, a ética jonasiana examina os fundamentos da ética kantiana, elencando pontos de sua insuficiência para abarcar as novas relações sociais. Jonas pretende desenvolver uma ética que detenha o poder incontrolável da tecnologia, que gera impactos negativos na sociedade e no meio ambiente. Este trabalho objetiva identificar os pontos criticados por Jonas na formulação ética de Kant e o que a impede de lidar com as modificações tecnológicas contemporâneas. Por fim, a pesquisa demonstrará como a formulação da ideia da “Heurística do temor” configura-se como ferramenta essencial na ética de Jonas, fornecendo ao seu sistema ético a capacidade de propor à humanidade a proteção do mundo natural e da vida.
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OYEMOMILARA, Kehinde Aderonke. "INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: AN IMPERATIVE TOOL FOR ENHANCING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN BUSINESS EDUCATION". Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 02, n. 01 (1 gennaio 2024): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.59231/edumania/9026.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper focuses on inclusive education as an imperative tool for enhancing academic performance of students with special needs in business education. All people have a right to education. Inclusive education is an approach that ensures the presence, participation and achievement of all students in education. This may be in formal schools or in non-formal places of learning. Inclusion emphasizes opportunities for equal participation but with options for special assistance and facilities needed. This paper highlights the concept of inclusive education, business education and benefits of inclusive education as a tool for enhancing academic performance. This paper recommended that; A special directorate of inclusive education should be created in Federal and State Ministries of Education: Government of Nigeria should adequately fund inclusive education: Specialists should be employed in various primary schools in Nigeria; There should be policy enabling the establishment of inclusive schools in every community in Nigeria.
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Neyzov, Maxim V., e Egor V. Kuzmin. "LTL-specification for development and verification of control programs". Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 30, n. 4 (11 dicembre 2023): 308–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2023-4-308-339.
Abstract (sommario):
This work continues the series of articles on development and verification of control programs based on the LTL-specification. The essence of the approach is to describe the behavior of programs using formulas of linear temporal logic LTL of a special form. The developed LTL-specification can be directly verified by using a model checking tool. Next, according to the LTL-specification, the program code in the imperative programming language is unambiguously built. The translation of the specification into the program is carried out using a template. The novelty of the work consists in the proposal of two LTL-specifications of a new form — declarative and imperative, as well as in a more strict formal justification for this approach to program development and verification. A transition has been made to a more modern verification tool for finite and infinite systems — nuXmv. It is proposed to describe the behavior of control programs in a declarative style. For this purpose, a declarative LTL-specification is intended, which defines a labelled transition system as a formal model of program behavior. This method of describing behavior is quite expressive — the theorem on the Turing completeness of the declarative LTL-specification is proved. Next, to construct program code in an imperative language, the declarative LTL-specification is converted into an equivalent imperative LTL-specification. An equivalence theorem is proved, which guarantees that both specifications specify the same behavior. The imperative LTL-specification is translated into imperative program code according to the presented template. The declarative LTL-specification, which is subject to verification, and the control program built on it are guaranteed to specify the same behavior in the form of a corresponding transition system. Thus, during verification, a model is used that is adequate to the real behavior of the control program.
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Manfredi, Christopher P., e Michael Lusztig. "Why do Formal Amendments Fail?: An Institutional Design Analysis". World Politics 50, n. 3 (aprile 1998): 377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100012855.
Abstract (sommario):
Given the increasing importance of constitutional modification in Eastern Europe, Latin America, South Africa, Europe, and Australia, it is imperative to study systemically the conditions under which formal constitutional amendments are likely to fail. In this paper, the authors isolate conditions whereby the instrumental objectives of participants in the politics of constitutional modification threaten to overload the institutional capacity of the amending process. The proximate cause of amendment process overload is indeterminacy regarding the redistributive impact of the proposed change. Redistributive indeterminacy is a function of a rigid amending process, an institutional structure that encourages a large number of constitutional players and amendments which provide broad scope for judicial interpretation. The authors isolate two critical factors: the intensity of mass and elite preferences surrounding constitutional proposals and die structure of the amending process itself. They next trace mese factors back to institutional variables to create a model to explain and predict constitutional failure in a range of contexts. Finally, they apply the model to highly visible recent constitutional failures in the United States and Canada.
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ŞERBAN, Dragos, Cristian BRANESCU, Costel SAVLOVSCHI, Corneliu TUDOR, Răzvan BORCAN, Adriana NICA, Geta VANCEA e Ana-Maria DASCĂLU. "Correlations between serum bilirubin, leukocytosis and anatomo-pathological form in acute appendicitis". Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 10, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2015): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2015.4.11.
Abstract (sommario):
The prevalence of acute appendicitis as the number 1 inflammatory disease, occurring in 1 out of 500-600 inhabitants of the world population, has made it imperative for us to study the pathology of the inflammation in the presurgery stage. The present paper is a retrospective study, conducted on 147 patients diagnosted and operated for acute appendicitis in our clinic, between October, 1st, 2009 and January, 15th, 2012. The pre-surgical stage comprised clinical data, and also an important number of paraclinical data, out of which, for the purpose of this presentation, we selected bilirubin and leukogram. These pre-surgery biological markers were correlated to the post-operatory pathological anatomy results. These results confirmed our hypothesis that the paraclinical stage in diagnosing the acute appendicitis consists in the inflammation prognosis factors, which can be highlighted through a complex paraclinical range of methods, later confirmed by both the clinical stage, and its anatomo-pathological forms.
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Eremin, Alexandr V. "SOVIET BEING: RELIGIOUS DETERMINANTS AND IMAGES OF MODERN TIMES". Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 22, n. 3 (2020): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-189-194.
Abstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the study of the religious foundations of Soviet life in the context of their interaction with the images of the new Soviet era. The paper substantiates the thesis that the civilizational specificity of Russia, which is based on Orthodox determinants, has become the basis for building the Soviet value-normative system. Turning to the concept of religiosity put forward by E. Durkheim, the author comes to the conclusion that Soviet society was inherently religious, based on archetypal determinants, which created the specificity of Soviet being. The author develops the ideas of P.Ya. Danilevsky to identify and analyze civilizational paradigms, traces their influence on the understanding of power, society, and man. Characterizing the civilizational determinants that existed in the cultural matrix of Soviet being, the author focuses on the peculiarities of the Orthodox world outlook, proving the idea that Soviet ideals and values are a new format of Orthodox imperatives that existed despite religious persecution and antichurch policies. The fundamental Orthodox imperative that determined the historical and cultural dynamics of Russian society, according to the author, was the conciliarity and unity of society, which was placed above the interests of the individual. For Soviet being, this imperative became decisive and was reflected in the ideas of collectivism and solidarity of the Soviet people. The paper concludes that civilizational determinants in new forms were further developed, especially in the period of 30–40s. XX century during the cult of personality I.V. Stalin.
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Fogaça, Jôse, e Clotilde Perez. "Felicidade adjetivada: polifonia conceitual, imperativo social". Intercom: Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Comunicação 37, n. 1 (giugno 2014): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-58442014000100011.
Abstract (sommario):
Há bastante tempo, observa-se a intensificação da utilização da felicidade como argumento em campanhas publicitárias e posicionamentos estratégicos de diversas marcas. O fenômeno não é homogêneo, pois a representação de felicidade adquire distintas formas e aponta para sentidos diversos e assim, algumas questões emergem com força, as quais buscamos compreender por meio de pesquisa teórica e de análise semiótica de campanhas. O presente estudo visa iniciar uma discussão sobre o tema felicidade em três frentes: a construção conceitual de felicidade ao longo do desenvolvimento da sociedade de consumo; a possível diferenciação conceitual de felicidade para os distintos estratos sociais; e, por fim, a efetiva identificação e análise do conceito em campanhas publicitárias de marcas. A partir desse percurso foi possível identificar que a felicidade é um mote publicitário que rompe com os limites sociais e que, assim como o contexto em que está circunscrita, funde-se e confunde-se em seus tantos sentidos.