Tesi sul tema "Forge à chaud"
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Sawan, Khaled. "Optimisation d'un outillage acier rechargé en superalliage pour forge à chaud". Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0039.
Testo completoDaouben, Estelle. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement en surface des outils de forge à chaud : effets des lubrifiants". Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/098afdfd-84bc-42ce-801d-630af646d436.
Testo completoThe conditions of contact and friction encountered in hot forging generate important thermo mechanical stresses which induce various damaging modes on the tools. The principal objective of the thesis aims at quantifying the capacity of the lubricants to reduce or delay these damages. First, the choice of a laboratory friction test allowing the tribological characterization applied to hot steel working is presented and justified. The methodology of use of the test bench is detailed. Results provided by the friction test are presented as performance pointers, allowing quantifying the capacities of the lubricant to reduce friction or to protect work piece and tool surfaces. Second, a first series of tests is run. Results show the reliability and the robustness of the test bench, in particular in terms of sensitivity and repeatability. Finally, a second series of tests is performed. It leads to the qualification of the graphite aqueous solutions, used as lubricant in hot forging of steels. The results present the performances of the graphite lubricants according to their composition (grain size distribution, binder), their spraying technique, and the mechanical loadings they undergo
KIRCHER, DOMINIQUE. "Analyse thermomecanique des degradations d'outillages de forge a chaud a l'aide de la simulation numerique". Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIMS008.
Testo completoBoualem, Nasrine. "Wear of hot forging tools : towards an objective optimization of the durability". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPHF0026.
Testo completoDuring the hot forging process, tools are subjected to severe cyclic mechanical and thermal loads. These extreme forming conditions can damage the tools through the development of abrasive wear, cracking, and thermal and mechanical fatigue. These damages compromise the mechanical strength of the tools and reduce their service life. To optimize the service life of the tools, several factors must be considered, such as the properties of the tool material, tool geometry, oxidation, lubrication, and forging parameters (temperature, pressure, and sliding speed).The aim of this thesis is to understand how the number of repeated forging cycles impacts hot forging tools in terms of surface state modifications, changes in mechanical properties and microstructure, geometric modifications, and the evolution of tribological behavior. The objective is to propose a tribological study that considers the wear state of the dies, with the possibility of integrating it into numerical simulations of the forging process.First, the rheological law of the 38MnSiV5 grade (workpiece material) is determined through compression tests to feed the numerical simulations of the forging processes. Next, to study the influence of the forging cycle on the surface state of the tools, a topographical analysis is performed on tools with different geometries and at different stages of their life cycle (new tool, mid-life, and end-of-life). The study reveals that surface roughness increases throughout the tool's life cycle due to complex phenomena such as wear.Mechanical properties, such as hardness and Young's modulus of the tools, are also influenced by the forging cycle and changes in contact conditions. Nano-indentation tests show a decrease in hardness as well as a decrease or stabilization of Young's modulus depending on the area and life cycle stage. The test results were then correlated with microstructural analysis findings obtained through SEM/EDS. These analyses show the formation of cracks in the oxide layer and a transition from martensite to globular cementite. Additionally, the formation of a decarburized layer is observed in certain areas, which appears to be related to the formation of a non-adherent oxide layer.A tribological study of the forging process is conducted using the WHUST test bench, which replicates the contact conditions of the industrial process. Different geometries and configurations of contact conditions are analyzed according to the life cycle stage. This analysis revealed a stabilization or decrease in the friction coefficient at high temperatures. The presence of oxides and changes in tool geometry significantly influence the tribological and wear behavior: oxide layers, which increase in thickness with the number of forging cycles, act as thermal barriers, affecting the friction and wear behavior of the tools. However, they also serve as crack initiation sites, contributing to surface damage over time.Geometric modifications induced by wear affect the contact conditions and overall performance of the forging tools. Numerical simulations highlight that changes in tool geometry lead to variations in contact pressure and temperature
Jean, Sylvain. "Méthodologie d'exploitation mécanique et microstructurale d'un essai de fatigue thermique : application à l'étude du faïençage d'un acier pour outil de forge à chaud". Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT010C.
Testo completoTerzolo, Laurent. "Vers une prédiction de la durée de vie des outils de forge à chaud par la détermination numérique du régime thermique et de l'usure abrasive". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1236.
Testo completoIn forging industry, we want to decrease production costs, in order to obtain the cheapest rate : tool cost / workpiece. Numerical simulation permit to study feasability using low cost developpements. Nowadays, we can use numerical simulation to optimize tool shape. To increase, tool life, we must take into account two main factors : wear and thermal-mechanical loads undergone by tools. In this document, we use a thermal-mechanical and a numerical formulation for a thermal-mechanical coupled problem for a complete system : tool/workpiece. The solution of this problem, permit us to simulate tool behaviour during hot forging process. CPU time increase because of this formulation, so we investigate several strategies to decrease this CPU time. We can use those strategies and after comparing them, we can notice their own advantages. For each method, user must choose between time and reliabilty. This document, can help user to choose the best method to solve his problem. Thanks to thermal and mechanical results obtained on the tools, we can simulate tool wear. Then finally, we implemented four different methods to simulate thermal and mechanical cycling, in order to simulate forging passes
Perrier, Frédéric. "Evolutions microstructurales et mécaniques de l’AS7G03 modifié au strontium au cours de l’étape de forge du procédé COBAPRESSTM". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0700/document.
Testo completoThe COBAPRESSTM is a hybrid process consisting of forging a cast preform. In this thesis, we are interested in its application to make parts with an AS7G03 aluminum alloy modified with strontium. Microstructural evolutions in hot conditions and the mechanical properties resulted from are not well known for this cast alloy and constitute the present work. The first part of the study presents the results obtained by simulation with two finite elements analysis software Simufact and ABAQUS. We could see that the maximal deformation occurs in the parting surface with a deformation closed to 0.5 and a rate which cans reach 10 s-1. Deformation in the skin due to the preform surface roughness is considered. The second part exposes the microstructure in the parts after forging. These observations were made by optical micrography and also by EBSD. This microstructure is predominantly substructured but can be recrystallized for Zener-Hollomon parameters higher than 1012. The typical skin microstructure and the effect of the quenching were also studied.Finally, we studied the evolutions of the static and cyclic mechanical properties. We could see that the forging step allows the welding of the shrinkage porosities with mechanical characteristics good enough to resist fatigue tests. The yield stress, the ultimate tensile stress and the ductility are all improved. The optimal microstructure seems to be a substructure of the dendrites which is the best for a deformation of 0.5 and a rate of 5 s-1 with a preform temperature of 530°C. The good substructuration and the reduced roughness of the skin allow a greater improvement of the fatigue life of the samples after the forging step
Dongmo, Wamba Mathurin. "Tomographie de l'Océan Indien par inversion de forme d'onde". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7077.
Testo completoThe arrival of some plumes and the birth of hotspots at the Earth surface is more likely the cause of the break up of the Pangea ~200 Ma ago, during the jurassic era. The Gondwana was formed by many continental masses like Africa, Australia, India and Antarctic. The late cretaceous was affected by a biological crisis caused by a volcanic and/or asteroid cataclysm which provoke the disappearance of 90% of life on the Earth including dinosaurs, and produced India Deccan trapps with an area of 2 millions km^2 and thickness of 2.5-3 km. This volcanic disaster was associated with the birth of la Réunion hotspot ~65 Ma years ago, from there the india plate entered into the northward migration with a velocity of about 18-20 cm/year, and the closure of the Tethys ocean in front of the indian plate started; in the meantime the raising of basaltic lava from the indian ridges formed a new ocean floor behind the indian plate: this was the birth of indian ocean. In 1953 the Canadian researcher Tuzo Wilson suggested that such an intra-plate volcano may be due to a fixed hotspot in the mantle capable to create successive volcano on the surface; later in 1971 Jason Morgan suggested that the hotspot is fed by a mantle plume rising from the core-mantle boundary due to thermal instabilies. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the actual state of the plume in the entire indian ocean, responsible of many volcanic islands such as Maldives, Maurice and Réunion. By applying waveform inversion we are able to image the earth structure down to the lower mantle; we use Rhum-Rum data and also data collected from FDSN (Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks) data center to perfom our inversion. We perform the forward modelling with the spectral element method. For this regional case we use RegSEM (regional spectral element method) to compute synthetic seismograms that were compared to real seismograms later on. We divided the waveform into several wavepackets, each wavepacket corresponds to a specific mode. We inverted for two parameters, isotropic velocity and radial anisotropy.The result shows a large velocity anomaly channel extending from East to West over nearly ~2100 km in the Mascarene basin at a depth of 200 km. Our model also bring to light a plume under the Reunion hotspot with a broad head in the upper mantle and a narrow tail anchored in the lower mantle. Our model sheds light on the connection between the Reunion plume and the South African LLSVP (Large Low Shear Velocity Province), as well as between the Mascarene anomaly and the base of the lower mantle
Ruppert, Jean-Manuel. "Mise en forme à chaud d'intermétalliques à base gamma-TiAl". Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1092.
Testo completoRafiq, Muhammad. "Etude de mise en forme de pièces rechargées par forgeage à chaud". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00670276.
Testo completoBrunelot, Juliette. "Simulation de la mise en forme à chaud par la Méthode Asymptotique Numerique". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Brunelot.Juliette.SMZ9936.pdf.
Testo completoBrunelot, Juliette Potier-Ferry Michel POTIER FERRY MICHEL. "SIMULATION DE LA MISE EN FORME A CHAUD PAR LA METHODE ASYMPTOTIQUE NUMERIQUE /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Brunelot.Juliette.SMZ9936.pdf.
Testo completoYounes, Wael. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la mise en forme à chaud d'alliages d'aluminium innovants". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0028/document.
Testo completoThe ongoing researches to lighten aeronautical structures have led to the development of new materials like Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mg-Li alloys. These alloys exhibit lower density and higher mechanical properties than conventional alloys. However, their ability to be formed either by cold or hot forming process is not well known. The aims of this PhD research works are thus to characterize the formability of these new alloys and to suggest the most appropriate forming sequence to elaborate complex aeronautic parts. Various forming processes will be studied such as cold forming by stretching of sheet metal parts or hot forming by stamping of sheet metal parts after or during different heat treatments. An experimental as well as a numerical approach will be used to develop the forming process of these new alloys to elaborate fuselage panels with more or less complex shapes. These PhD research works are a component of a larger project led by IRT Jules Verne and entitled “Advanced forming of low density alloys for aeronautic applications”. This project includes several firms from aeronautic domain (AEROLIA SAS, ACB, AIRBUS SAS and CONSTELLIUM)
Zouari, Meriem. "Modélisation de la recristallisation de l'Inconel 718 pendant sa mise en forme à chaud". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0072.
Testo completoInconel 718 is nickel-based Superalloy widely used in the aeronautic industry to manufacture aircraft parts subjected to extreme in-service conditions of high stresses at elevated temperatures. Controlling the microstructure after hot forming is a key element to control the mechanical properties of the final products and meet the tight specifications imposed by the aeronautic industry.In this work, the microstructure evolution of Inconel 718 was investigated via isothermal and iso-strain rate torsion tests followed by water quenching (to investigate dynamic evolution) or by annealing at deformation temperature then water quenching (to investigate post-dynamic evolution). These tests were conducted in both δ-Supersolvus and δ-Subsolvus temperature domains and for strain rates of 0.01 to 0.1 s-1.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) were used to characterize the microstructure and follow the evolution of the recrystallized fraction, the recrystallized grain size and the δ-phase precipitation after deformation and during pre-deformation and post-deformation annealing. Based on these experimental observations, the main metallurgical mechanisms have been identified and modelled: hardening, nucleation of new grains, grain boundaries migration and the δ-phase- recrystallization interaction.A two-site mean field approach having a low computational cost was chosen to model the microstructural evolution at different thermomechanical conditions. This model describes the main mechanisms taking place during hot forming of Inconel 718 in both δ-Supersolvus and δ-Subsolvus domains and predicts the recrystallization kinetics in both dynamic and post-dynamic regimes , the δ-phase precipitation and dissolution kinetics and the grain size evolution. The model predicts also the strain-stress curves at high temperatures in the absence of δ-phase particles
Besson, Jacques. "Simulation numérique de la mise en forme des céramiques : application à la compaction isostatique à chaud". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002329.
Testo completoDu, Rou. "Mise en forme à chaud de tôles fines en alliage AA 5383 : Approches expérimentales et numériques". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0030/document.
Testo completoAluminum alloys have been extensively used in the automotive and marine industry due to the advantages of low density, high strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Major challenge of their application lies in the ability to form deep-drawing shapes. Superplastic Forming is widely used to produce this type of parts. However, high forming cycle time due to the low forming strain rate limits their wide application. The present dissertation focuses on hot forming strategies to produce deep drawing parts from AA5383 aluminum thin sheets. The main objective is to reduce the forming time without sacrificing the part integrity. Firstly, the hot deformation behavior of the AA5383 alloy is experimentally characterized. An experimental campaign, including uniaxial tension, notched tension, shear and free bulging tests, is performed to cover an important range of temperatures (623~723 K) and strain rates (10-4~10-1 s-1). Then, the material models, such as a composite flow rule with the BBC2003 anisotropic yield criterion and the modified Mohr-Coulomb damage criterion, are developed and implemented in ABAQUS by using user subroutine. Finally, the numerical simulations of the gas forming processes are performed and compared with the corresponding experimental results
Sanchez, Laurent. "Modélisation numérique de la mise en forme de poudres métalliques par compaction isostatique à chaud (C. I. C)". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10213.
Testo completoBouaziz, Olivier. "Modélisation thermomécanique du comportement d'une poudre d'acier inoxydable : application à la mise en forme par compression isostatique à chaud". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10175.
Testo completoLafer, Mourad. "Comportement de poudres métalliques et de composites particulaires lors de la compaction isostatique à chaud". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10046.
Testo completoSaby, Michel. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes de refermeture de porosité dans les procédés de mise en forme des métaux à chaud". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00979301.
Testo completoGranat-David, Chantal. "Modelisation tridimensionnelle par elements finis de l'ecoulement d'un materiau viscoplastique pour l'etude du laminage a chaud". Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0045.
Testo completoErnwein, Viviane. "Les effets combines d'un exercice musculaire et/ou d'un environnement thermique chaud sur des processus cognitifs : vers une modelisation des conditions de productions psychosensorimotrices". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR20003.
Testo completoPhysical and athletic activities are usually executed in constrained environments, responsible for contradictory behavioural results in decision-making between the demands for speed and precision. No study has been carried out on the combined effects of two constraints, thermal and physical, although contexwtual effects can have substantial impact on production quality. The originality of our research resides in this simultaniety of analyses within a cognitive-energy paradigm. Two hypotheses are formulated : 1) effects of muscular exercise are chronological and are mainly related to central processes, all the more affected as the task becomes complex. 2) the hot thermal environment is a modulator of the effects of effort. Ten soccer players execute a pointing or spatial recognition task foor 90 minutes, to which is associated a muscular exercise (from the 30th to the 60th minute) of free pedalling, at 50% and 80% of the maximum oxygen consumption of the subjects. Experimental conditions are in a 24c and 33c environment. Psychological variables are continuously acquired : reaction times, movement times, omissions; and physiological variables : cardiac frequency, average cutaneous temperatures, oesophageal temperature. Analyses of variance indicate specific effects of effort on certain stages of processing. The reaction time of the pointing task is significantly longer during effort. This modification of cognitive processes presumably reflects difficulty in identifying access to the motor programme rather than a destructuring of the most peripheral aspects of execution, as mts remain unchanged. On the contrary, the spatial task was not modified by our constraints. This can be explained by a temporal cognitive allotment. Exogeneous heat contributes to intensifying the processes but does not intefere with the two tasks. The discussion is based on the existence of an energy or a semantic regulation depending on the demands of the task. The interface would be ensured by the reticular formation that allow the functionning of psychological components through specific physiological indicators. Differentiated optimal conditions may exist according to the component of the response
Sudry, Charles. "Influence de la forme du signal sur le comportement en fatigue-corrrosion de l'acier inoxydable austénitique 316L en milieu chloruré chaud". Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10710.
Testo completoNicolle, Cyril. "Mise en forme de poudres de bore par compression isostatique à chaud : détermination des propriétés rhéologiques et simulation numérique du procédé". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS058.
Testo completoBonnenfant, Denis. "Analyse théorique et expérimentale du comportement de composites particulaires modèles en vue de leur mise en forme par compaction à chaud". Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22100.
Testo completoAbondance, Didier. "Modélisation thermomécanique d'un procédé de mise en forme aux cotes de pièces complexes par compression isostatique à chaud de poudre de TA6V". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10026.
Testo completoVieilledent, Daniel. "Optimisation des outils en forgeage à chaud par simulation éléments finis et méthode inverse : applications à des problèmes industriels". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1999. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001861.
Testo completoKolebina, Natalia. "Caractérisation des properiétés d'aciers supermartensitiques pour une optimisation de procédés de mise en forme d'éléments de turbine hydraulique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI093.
Testo completoThe current manufacturing of hydraulic turbine components is complex, metal-consuming and expensive process. The one way of improving this process is forming complex shapes that will decrease the amount of welding and post treatment. The new forming process requires the investigation of new materials having good deformability and satisfying the requirements to material for hydraulic turbine application. The supermartensitic steels are attractive as they have exceptional combination of high corrosion resistance, good weldability, tensile strength and ductile behavior.The aim of this work is the determination and modeling of supermartensitic stainless steel behavior at high temperature to control and optimize process of hot forming the parts of hydraulic turbine runner.Different parameters affect the hot forming of steel. On the one hand, the knowledge about steel microstructure and transformation is needed to optimize temperature of forming and analyze results, and on the other hand, the mechanical experiments need to be performed to determine high temperature behavior of steel and constitutive law which allow to model process of forming. Thus firstly detailed study of microstructure and transformation of supermartensitic steel is presented. It has been demonstrated that the heat treatment can improve microstructure of material and exclude disadvantage of steel making. Then the mechanical behavior at high temperature was investigated. Tensile tests were carried out in the interval of temperature from 650°C to 1100°C at strain rate in range from 0,0004s-1 to 0,04s-1. The influences of temperature, strain rate, grain size, content and morphology of phases on mechanical behavior have been analyzed. Additionally brief investigation of cavities at full austenite zone has been done. Finally the constitutive laws were determined and modeling of behavior is presentede Examples of bending process are reported, corresponding to real and complex shapes of turbine parts.The presented investigation of supermartensitic stainless steel and proposed constitutive laws allow optimization the process of hot forming
Sahli, Mohamed Lakhdar. "Contribution à l'analyse, modélisation et simulation de la mise en forme de microcomposants polymères biotolérés par micromoulage par injection et estampage à chaud". Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2055.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis constitutes a contribution to the development and study of hot embossing and micro injection moulding of thermoplastic polymers. Understanding of physical phenomena involved and thus enable better control of the process and according to ensure the qualily optimization of micro components developed. The work presented in this thesis is structured around the experimental study involving the testing of replications of form in relief (positive) or hollow (negative), a rheologicaJ and linear viscoelastic studies, realised on an extremely wide range of temperatures. It is implemented in order to have a more database of rheological and physical propcrtics to adequately consider in the development of the components with complex form have a volume of less than 1 cm by the two forming processes. Some models of hot embossing process were then developed. These approaches increasing simulation of thc preparation and verification of thc sclcctcd opcrating conditions for a given polymer have been established with the aim of fostering or not obtain a filling the superficial cavitics or drops on a vcrtical of surface. The results of the model are validated using experimentaI measurements involve the flow rheology, the contact mechanics or the finite element method in order to show the role of each parameter process/material in moulding. Much attention has been brought to a comparative study bctwecn the two forming processes. This allows to characterizing the influence of experimental parameters associated with shape of cavitics. To process and with the physical and mechanical propertics of materials tested and the quality of moulded components with high potential of the scanning mechanical microscopy (SMM)
Ba, Kadiata. "Modélisation des procédés de mise en forme de composantes d'un train d'atterrissage d'avion : application au procédé de forgeage à chaud à matrices fermées". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28200.
Testo completoThe use of numerical modeling tools in the simulation of different methods of forming is nowadays a must. The forging industry, thanks to advanced calculation and simulation softwares such as Forge or Abaqus used in many studies and theses, can take advantage of good control settings (process and material parameters) that enable the production of high quality pieces, with complex geometry and highly competitive. Numerical simulation with the help of appropriate methods as ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) and SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) that will be addressed in the report , can significantly reduce the time and costs through process optimization and virtual prototyping. With the integration of material laws adapted for each case during the forming process and the control of process parameters, simulation results are highly accurate for processes such as machining and forging, which is the subject of our study. In partnership with Héroux-Devtek, our work focuses on the simulation of the manufacturing of an aircraft landing gear component in aluminum by hot closed-die forging. This study requires a good understanding of the kinematics of tools, and material properties before and during the forming process. Thus, a parametric study to test the importance of each parameter on the final results will be done. Simulation softwares that will be used are Abaqus explicit and Ls-dyna. The analyses conducted in this study were used to develop an analysis methodology, to find a good first approximation of the forging simulation of the component of the landing gear and to identify parameters that allow for better simulation results. Keywords: Hot forging, ALE, SPH, FEM, aluminum, landing gear
Lasalmonie, David. "Compression isostatique à chaud de poudre de superalliage base nickel : simulation aux cotes et évolution microstructurale". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10046.
Testo completoAgouti, Siham. "Étude de l'origine de défauts détectés dans des pièces en alliage d'aluminium de la série 7XXX destinées à l'industrie aéronautique". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00802983.
Testo completoHajndl, Ognjen. "Batterie tout solide pour application automobile : processus de mise en forme et étude des interfaces". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI026/document.
Testo completoNext generation batteries expectations for electric vehicle are significant, whether in terms of autonomy, environmental impact, charging speed and cost. The all solid-state batteries with a non-flammable solid electrolyte, rather than the conventional liquid one, could meet those criteria.Garnet-type ceramic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte given its good Li-ion conductivity, chemical and electrochemical stability. The major constraint is the need to densify the ceramic at high temperature in order to make it conductive. No standard method exists to build a dense all-solid cell with low interfacial resistance.In this context, the PhD work managed to optimize the solid-state synthesis protocol of the LLZO oxide and his densification by the hot-pressing technique. The conditions of symmetrical Li/LLZO/Li cell assembly allowed to study the Li-metal/LLZO interface and its impact on lithium plating/striping behavior. Feasibility of densifying a “half-cell” (composite cathode/LLZO) in one single step was also studied by adjusting the hot-pressing temperature and pressure parameters
Rivoirard, Sophie. "Poudres Nd-Fe-B anisotropes et coercitives pour aimants liés, préparées par forgeage à chaud et décrépitation à l'hydrogène". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10207.
Testo completoLogé, Roland. "Influence des conditions thermomecaniques et de la microstructure sur les evolutions de texture cristallographique du zircaloy-4 en mise en forme a chaud application au filage de tubes". Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0859.
Testo completoAjibewa, Aderemi I. "Regional security in West Africa : a comparative study with reference to the OAU peacekeeping force in Chad and the ECOMOG in Liberia". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238964.
Testo completoKaza, Guy. "Contribution à l'étude de la résistance thermique de contact et à sa modélisation à travers l'écrasement de l'interface tôle-outil dans la mise en forme à chaud de tôles d'acier". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1249/.
Testo completoAn exploratory study has been conducted to estimate the thermal contact resistance (TCR) in hot forming at the sheet/tool interface, in order to understand its relationships with pressure and surface roughness parameters. The importance of the TCR in applications such as hot stamping comes from the fact that it controls the heat exchanges directly and has an indirect effect on the properties of the final parts. The study is focused on the feasibility of measuring the TCR between a tool made of X38CrMoV5 steel and a steel sheet made especially for hot stamping. The grade of sheet used in the study is 22MnB5 grade. Two facilities developed at the LETEE and at ICA-Albi have helped to assess the influence of contact pressure on TCR in constant thermal conditions for the LETEE and transient conditions for the ICA-Albi respectively. A range of pressures between 4 and 80 MPa has been explored on the LETEE facility. A decrease in TCR from 2 × 10-4 to 6 × 10-5 m2KW-1 in order of magnitude was measured. The influence of surface roughness has been investigated through two surface states on X38CrMoV5 tool samples: one is a ground surface and the other is a polished state. The results showed slightly larger values of TCR for rectified samples. The trend of decreasing TCR with an increase in pressure has been confirmed on the ICA-Albi facility. Variations between 3. 4 × 10-4 m2KW-1 and 2. 7 × 10-4 m2KW-1 have been measured for a range of pressures from 40 to 160 MPa. In comparison, the values obtained are on average twice as high than those measured at the LETEE and with lower measurement variations. The TCR has then been subject to a two steps modelling process. The first step is focused on site crushing of asperities taking into account their rheological behavior (elastic, plastic or elastoplastic) to assess the contact area. The second step consisted in defining a relationship between the TCR and the contact pressure from a predefined model, linking the contact area to the TCR. From the resulting conductance model, a simulation of contact has been conducted under ABAQUSTM. By simulation, the evolution of temperatures according to contact pressure has been reproduced with a maximum deviation of 5°C from experimental temperature measurements
Belon, Rémy. "Céramiques transparentes de YAGNd pour applications laser : mise en forme et densification de pièces de grandes dimensions, élaboration d'architectures complexes par coulage en bande". Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0058.
Testo completoThe first step of this work was focused on the shaping and sintering of large sized Nd:YAG transparent ceramics. The choice of the pressure casting and cold isostatic pressing parameters allowed to control the thickness and the microstructure of the green bodies. However, vacuum sintering of these parts led to a microstructural heterogeneity between the core and the edge of the samples. More particularly, residual pores have been detected in the core of the ceramics, decreasing the optical properties. Then, HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) post-treatments were implemented to control the ceramics microstructure. This route helped to reduce the number and size of residual pores. But limitations appeared, especially concerning the large ceramics. Finally, the obtained ceramics showed laser performances close to those of the single crystals of same composition.The second part was devoted to the development of a tape casting process for the elaboration of YAG multilayered transparent ceramics. More particularly, the influence of the slurry formulation on the mechanical properties of the green tapes was studied. This original work allowed the shaping of green tapes with good mechanical properties and a controlled organic content. Then, a multilayered ceramic with a central Nd-doped layer could be elaborated by thermolamination of layers with different compositions (YAG and YAG: Nd). After debinding and sintering, a transparent ceramic planar waveguide was finally obtained
Thomas, Anoop Ebey. "Modélisation numérique thermo-viscoplastique du procédé de forgeage des métaux par l’Approche Pseudo Inverse". Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS003/document.
Testo completoHot forging is a metal forming process used to form difficult-to-form materials as well as to achieve complex geometries. The reduction of yield stress at high temperatures and a subsequent increase in formability is the primary mechanism that drives the process. Numerical methods provide an efficient means to predict the material yield and the stress/strain states of the product at different stages of forming. Although classical methods are accurate enough to provide a suitable representation of the process, they tend to be computationally expensive. This limits its use in practical cases especially for process optimization. Pseudo Inverse Approach (PIA) developed in the context of 2D axisymmetric cold forming, provides a quick estimate of the stress and strain fields in the final product for a given initial shape. In this work, the PIA is extended to include the thermal and viscoplastic effects on the forging process as well as to the general 3D case. The results are compared with commercially available software, based on the classical approaches, to show the efficiency and the limitations of PIA. The results obtained indicate that PIA is a quite effective tool that can be used for both 2D and 3D simulations of hot forging
Lesecque, Yann. "La conversion génique biaisée : origine, dynamique et intensité de la quatrième force d’évolution des génomes eucaryotes". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10122/document.
Testo completoUsually, three main forces are considered when studying sequences evolution in comparative genomics : mutation, selection and genetic drift. Recently, a fourth process has been identified during the study of base composition landscapes in genomes : biased gene conversion (BGC). This phenomenon introduces an overrepresentation of certain alleles in meiosis products (gametes or spores) leading to an increase of the frequency of those variants in the population. Thus, it is able to mimic and interfere with natural selection. Hence, it is important to describe this phenomenon in order to be able to trustfully distinguish BGC and selection in the study of adaptation at the molecular scale. So, the main goal of this work is to analyze the molecular origin, the intensity and the dynamics of BGC. To do so, we use two model species. First, we use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae because, for this specie, a high-resolution recombination map is available which allows a fine study of the conversion process. Analyzing this map led us to shed the light on the molecular mechanisms of BGC. Secondly, recent discoveries on the role of the PRDM9 protein in the determination of recombination landscapes in mammals allowed us to quantify the dynamics and intensity of BGC in the recent human history. Thanks to those two studies, we first confirmed that BGC is the fourth force of molecular evolution and we also provided hypotheses about the evolutionary origin of this process
Belon, Rémy. "Céramiques transparentes de YAGNd pour applications laser : mise en forme et densification de pièces de grandes dimensions, élaboration d'architectures complexes par coulage en bande". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0058.
Testo completoThe first step of this work was focused on the shaping and sintering of large sized Nd:YAG transparent ceramics. The choice of the pressure casting and cold isostatic pressing parameters allowed to control the thickness and the microstructure of the green bodies. However, vacuum sintering of these parts led to a microstructural heterogeneity between the core and the edge of the samples. More particularly, residual pores have been detected in the core of the ceramics, decreasing the optical properties. Then, HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) post-treatments were implemented to control the ceramics microstructure. This route helped to reduce the number and size of residual pores. But limitations appeared, especially concerning the large ceramics. Finally, the obtained ceramics showed laser performances close to those of the single crystals of same composition.The second part was devoted to the development of a tape casting process for the elaboration of YAG multilayered transparent ceramics. More particularly, the influence of the slurry formulation on the mechanical properties of the green tapes was studied. This original work allowed the shaping of green tapes with good mechanical properties and a controlled organic content. Then, a multilayered ceramic with a central Nd-doped layer could be elaborated by thermolamination of layers with different compositions (YAG and YAG: Nd). After debinding and sintering, a transparent ceramic planar waveguide was finally obtained
Lesecque, Yann. "La conversion génique biaisée : origine, dynamique et intensité de la quatrième force d'évolution des génomes eucaryotes". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064609.
Testo completoBeck, Kévin. "Étude des propriétés hydriques et des mécanismesd'altération de pierres calcaires à forte porosité". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125704.
Testo completopierres de monuments vis-à-vis de l'altération. A cet effet, deux pierres de construction, dont certaines
caractéristiques principales sont assez semblables (porosité totale, résistance mécanique), sont étudiées : le
tuffeau blanc, qui est largement employé dans les constructions des châteaux du Val de Loire, et la pierre de
Sébastopol, utilisée en région parisienne.
Tout d'abord, une observation des différents types de dégradations rencontrées in-situ ainsi qu'une étude de
cas sur une pierre altérée naturellement ont été réalisées afin de constater les différentes morphologies
d'altération et d'identifier l'eau comme l'agent vecteur des phénomènes d'altération.
Dans un second temps, une caractérisation multi-échelles a été effectuée afin de bien connaître les pierres
non-altérées du point de vue de leur constitution minéralogique, de la morphologie de leur milieu poreux et
surtout de leurs propriétés hydriques (capacité de rétention d'eau, propriétés de transfert de l'eau sous forme
liquide et sous forme vapeur) mais aussi de leur comportement hydro-mécanique.
La dernière partie est consacrée à la durabilité des pierres mises en oeuvre avec l'étude de la compatibilité
entre les matériaux utilisées en restauration. En effet, le comportement des pierres durant un essai de
vieillissement artificiel est comparé. La réaction différente des deux pierres face à ce même processus
d'altération est à relier directement à leurs propriétés hydriques très dissemblables. En dernier lieu, une
formulation et une caractérisation hydro-mécanique de joints de mortier est proposée afin de déterminer les
critères de compatibilité entre le mortier et les pierres en oeuvre.
Sundberg, Tommy. "Faktorer för snabb tillit : Teori och operativ erfarenhet". Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-681.
Testo completoI moderna väpnade styrkor är tillfällig sammansättning av förbandsenheter ett allt vanligare inslag. Trenden tycks internationell och sammansättning av enheter sker också mellan olika nationer. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka faktorer som är viktiga för formandet av snabb tillit inom ett tillfälligt sammansatt multinationellt förband med begränsad eller ingen tid för övning tillsammans. Genom att studera befintlig forskning undersöks vad som menas med snabb tillit och vilka faktorer som är centrala för att skapa denna. Teorierna om snabb tillit operationaliseras utgående från studiens frågeställningar och omsätts till en analysmodell med forskningsfrågor för att kunna mäta uppfattningar om snabb tillit inom en tillfälligt sammansatt militär enhet. En fallstudie av det svensk-finska skyttekompaniet under operation EUFORT chad/RCA genomförs genom en enkätundersökning. Snabb tillit framstår som ett specialfall av tillit vilket uppstår i situationer då tiden är för bristfällig för att tillit ska hinna utvecklas stegvis på ett traditionellt sätt. Studien visar att förförståelse, kategoristyrd information och interaktion genom roller är viktig i inledningen av ett tillfälligt samarbete. Det visar sig också att ömsesidigt kunskapsutbyte och prövande, exempelvis genom övningar, är en viktig faktor för fortsatt utveckling av tillit inom en enhet.
Studiens viktigaste fynd är att teorin om snabb tillit tycks vara giltig och tillämpbar på tillfälligt sammansatta förband i en multinationell kontext. Utöver en validering av befintlig teori framstår enheters kulturella bakgrund som en faktor att beakta vid etablerandet av snabb tillit.
In modern armed forces temporary groups and force packaging are more common than ever. The trend seems to be international and temporary units are combined with sub-units from different nations. The purpose of this study is to examine which factors are essential in order to form swift trust within a temporary multinational unit with limited or no time for common training. By studying existing research in this area answers are found of what we mean by swift trust and what central factors it is composed of. The theories found are broken down to research questions in order to create a tool for measuring and analyzing opinions of swift trust within a multinational temporary unit. A case-study of a Swedish/Finnish Marine-company deployed to operation EUFOR Tchad/RCA is conducted by a questionnaire in a study group of 67 Swedish Marines participating in the operation.
Swift trust stands out as a special case of trust which emerges when the time for traditional building of trust step-by-step is not present. The study shows that stereotypical impressions, category-driven information and role-based interaction are important factors in the beginning of a temporary cooperation. It is also shown that mutual exchanges of knowledge and testing, e.g.by training together, are vital factors in order to continue trust building within a unit.
The major findings of the study are that the theories of swift trust seem to be valid and applicable on temporary units in a multinational context. Besides a validation of existing theory, cultural differences emerge as an important factor to consider in order to establishing swift trust.
Pichon, Hervé. "Le système "pouzzolanes naturelles-chaux-eau" à 38 et 100°C : relations entre la réactivité chimique, les phases néoformées et les conséquences physico-mécaniques : (application aux matériaux volcaniques du Massif Central français)". Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10099.
Testo completoMelul, Franck. "Développement d'une nouvelle génération de point mémoire de type EEPROM pour les applications à forte densité d'intégration". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0266.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis was to develop a new generation of EEPROM memory for high reliability and high density applications. First, an innovative memory cell developed by STMicroelectronics - eSTM (Split-gate charge storage memory with buried vertical selection transistor) - was studied as a reference cell. In a second part, to improve the reliability of the eSTM cell and to allow a more aggressive miniaturization of the EEPROM cell, a new memory architecture has been proposed: the BitErasable cell. It showed an excellent reliability and allowed to bring elements of under-standing on the degradation mechanisms present in these memory devices with buried selection transistor. This new architecture also offers the possibility to individually erase cells in a memory array: bit by bit. Aware of the great interest of bit-by-bit erasing, a new erasing mechanism by hot hole injection has been proposed for the eSTM cell. It has shown performances and a level of reliability perfectly compatible with the industrial requirements of Flash-NOR applications
Li, Xiaoming. "Développement d'une méthode connexionniste pour la détection et le diagnostic de défauts de systèmes de chauffage". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529470.
Testo completoHuynh, Van Trung Tin. "Lipid excipients and hot-melt coating technology : operational and functional impact". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0002.
Testo completoHot-melt coating by fluidised bed consists of delivering molten lipids onto surface of substrate particles in suspension and let them solidify with air-cooling. The process is evidently solventless and therefore time-, cost-efficient and eco-friendly. Lipids constitute a generally-regarded-as-safe class of excipients. Despite those advantages, challenges reside in the fact that their physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties have not been thoroughly investigated. This thesis dealt with these challenges by considering manufacturability, product stability and release properties. In the first phase “formulation development”, a simple and nimble experimental approach was developed for process and product characterisation in early stage. NaCl, as active substance, allows for fast-track research conduct. With their diverse properties (e.g. complex-mixture vs. pure substance, polymorphism and crystallisation, adaptability to different processing approaches), beeswax, tristearin and trilaurin were chosen as coating materials under research. Additive addition was indispensable and additives of different types were tested with those three lipid systems: (I) polysorbates, (II) sorbitans, (III) vitamin E TPGS and (IV) talc. Besides, several physical and in vitro characterisation techniques have been established, for instance, for rapid screening of solid lipid-additive combinations, in situ monitoring of polymorphic transformation and crystal growth, coupling of digestion and release testing in biologically simulated media. In the second phase “pharmaceutical applications”, three beeswax-, tristearin- and trilaurin-based formulations were selected for coating amorphous solid dispersions of praziquantel. The objectives are (i) to study bioaccessibility of the amorphous active substance coated with lipids of varying digestibility and (ii) to investigate long-term stability of these hot-melt coated products. In conclusion, selection of good additives is important for development of solid lipid-based formulated products. In effect, they can improve productivity of coating operations as well as product performance (stability, release profile)
Domange, Jocelyn. "Étude et exploitation de bolomètres de nouvelle génération à électrodes concentriques pour la recherche de matière noire froide non-baryonique dans l'expérience Edelweiss II". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665254.
Testo completoFaugier, Loreline. "Modeling airflow related to train movement in subway stations : small-scale model and numerical simulations compared to on-site measurements". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS022.
Testo completoAir quality and ventilation efficiency in underground subway stations are concerns for health and safety. The piston effect, caused by trains passing through the station, contributes significantly to air movements. Models are often used to study and predict airflow in these environments due to challenges in on-site measurements. However, the differences between measured and modeled data are rarely discussed. This thesis focuses on developing models for train-induced airflow on platforms of underground subway stations. A 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model with a dynamic mesh is implemented to simulate the station. A small-scale model at 1:95 scale with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is also used. Both models include the train's realistic movement, deceleration, stop, and departure phases. To validate the models, extensive on-site measurements are conducted, recording velocity magnitude at various platform positions. The results are compared using correlation and peak shape parameters. They show that models can capture the key elements of piston wind in the station: both the numerical and experimental results reveal that differences can be found between locations close to each other, that are the consequence of flow features developing at a fraction of the platform scale in the horizontal plane; and that local velocity changes occur over short time intervals scaling with the train velocity. However, finer predictions about the value of velocity magnitude are less reliable as they are bounded by simplifications of the geometry, of the boundary conditions and by scaling considerations. Despite these limitations, the models provide insights into flow patterns and are used to investigate how changes in station blockage ratio and train speed affect velocity magnitude and air exchanges in the station. The study concludes that the models are valuable tools for exploring platform airflow, but caution is needed in interpreting fine-scale velocity predictions