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Tesi sul tema "Forces"

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Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 31 gennaio 2023

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1

DRISSI, AMAR. "Formes, forces et figures de restructuration d'entreprise". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0057.

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Cette these porte sur une modalite particuliere de la transformation d'entreprise qu'on appelle restructuration. . L'hypothese principale, qui en constitue le fil directeur, est la suivante : restructurer une entreprise passe par une alliance entre une mecanique et une mystique a travers la mise en place d'un dispositif a trois elements (inspire de claude riveline) dans lequel mythes, rites et tribus se soutiennent mutuellement. En d'autres termes, la mobilisation des forces du changement passe par une mobilisation du sens adosse a des mediations et a des mediateurs qui l'incarnent, le traduisent et le prolongent dans ce qui est fondamentalement l'articulation d'une legitimite (symbolique) et d'une factualite (objective et operationnelle) a la jonction d'effets de sens et d'effets de force. . La demonstration de cette these se deroule en trois moments. -premierement une revue critique de la litterature existante mettant en evidence l'existence d'un certain nombre de modeles dominants et d'archetypes normatifs qui, sous-tendus par la forte dimension d'un imaginaire leurrant, renvoyent a l'existence d'une problematique utopique privilegiant le bouleversement radical aux depens de la reparation et ceci dans un espace inedit ou le scientisme gestionnaire rencontre et conforte un desir de reenchantement du monde. -deuxiemement une etude de cas : la restructuration de la mine de charbon de jerada (maroc) par l'auteur entre 1992 et 1994. A travers une posture de + praticien reflexif; et une methode de + reflexion-dans-l'action ; inspiree de donald schoen, l'auteur reconstruit la genealogie composite d'une restructuration singuliere telle qu'elle s'enracine dans des soubassements symboliques et materiels, des ressources economiques et institutionnelles et des leviers identitaires et profanes. Au terme de cette investigation et de la mise en evidence d'un certain nombre de filiations et de reactivations relatives a l'histoire du maroc, l'auteur en arrive a qualifier sa demarche de reamenagement de +modele neo-maraboutique ; de restructuration d'entreprise resultant de greffes et d'interactions entre des rationalites heterogenes : tradition classique du pouvoir maraboutique marocain, problematique d'une mine charbonniere, acculturation moderniste et gestionnaire, l'islam comme arriere-fond et comme horizon. -enfin troisiemement un certain nombre d'eclairages laterau
This dissertation deals with a specific type of corporate remodelling called restructuring. The main hypothesis goes as follows: a corporate restructuring goes through the close linking of mechanics and a mystique setting up a three-element configuration within which myths, rituals and tribes are mutually supportive. In other words, mobilizing change forces happens through a mobilization of meaning buttressed by mediations and mediators who translate it and embody it within what is fundamentally the linking of a (symbolic) legitimacy and an (objective and operational) factuality at the juncture of forces and meaning. The demonstration will unfold through three moments. -first, a review of the existing literature will evidence a certain number of prevailing normative archetypes that refer to the existence of a utopian problemizing focused on radical renewal patterns instead of fixing schemes and this within a specific context where managerial scientism meets a desire of reenchantment. -second, a case study: the restructuring of the jerada coal mine (morocco) by the author between 1992 and 1994. Through a " reflective practitioner" posture and a "reflection in action" stance as inspired by donald schoen, the author reconstructs the composite genealogy of a specific case of restructuring as rooted in symbolic and material terrains, economic and institutional resources, identity-powered and profane levers. At the end of this investigation and the evidencing of a certain number of memories and reactivations related to moroccan history, the author sets to call his method of corporate realignment as a "neo-maraboutic" model of restructuring resulting from interactions and grafts between heterogeneous rationalities: the classical tradition of moroccan maraboutic power, the problematic of coal mining, modernistic and managerial acculturation, islam as background and foreground; -third, a certain number of oblique lights on the basis of two case studies (one initiated by the author and still in progress since 1996: lesieur, the other one dealing with the ratp experience under blanc's management from 1989 to 1992) will allow for a second reading of the jerada experience as well as some theoretical revisions specifically with regard to the so-called political model of corporate transformation. Such cross-confrontations reinforce the main hypothesis of successful corpora
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2

Perry, Katherine. "Combining forces". Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32124.

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3

Buswell, Philip A. "Keeping Special Forces special: regional proficiency in Special Forces". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10750.

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Regional proficiency is a critical capability in irregular warfare (IW). In preparation for increased engagement in irregular warfare, the Defense (DoD) and the Military Services made several significant improvements in developing regional proficiency. While the DoD is attempting to create a new capability in the majority of the Total Force, Special Forces was created to succeed in an IW environment. As a result of its design, Special Forces valued and developed regional proficiency long before this became topical in DoD. Oddly, the last decade of overseas contingency operations which spurred interest in regional proficiency in DoD overall has also threatened regional proficiency development in Special Forces. An analysis of Special Forces training and development reveals that the Special Forces primary means of developing regional proficiency is through deployment experience. While the Special Forces Groups are regionally aligned, several have consistently deployed outside of their Area of Responsibility (AOR) to support combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. A survey and a series of interviews were conducted to determine the state of regional proficiency interest in Special Forces. Through survey analysis, several trends were identified. With this information this thesis concludes with a suggested strategy to improve regional proficiency in Special Forces non-commissioned officers (NCOs).
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4

Pierre, Thomas. "L'action en force et les forces en action : sociologie de la force au travail". Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ012L/document.

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L’étude s’inscrit dans la continuité des travaux de la sociologie pragmatique concernant les régimes d’engagement dans l’action. Elle vise à compléter l’architecture des compétences au jugement et à l’action des personnes par la modélisation d’un régime d’action stratégique. Il s’agit d’étudier ce régime dans son économie interne et dans ses rapports avec d’autres régimes d’engagement en le considérant comme un appui pour dénoncer et justifier. L’enquête mobilise différentes ressources qui travaillent ensemble à la production des catégories de description et d’analyse. En premier lieu, l’étude s’appuie sur le corpus théorique de la sociologie pragmatique et de la sociologie de la dispute. Ensuite, c’est une lecture de l’œuvre de N.Machiavel entendue comme grammaire politique de l’action stratégique qui est activée. Enfin, deux enquêtes empiriques communiquent avec ces travaux. L’une concerne des dispositifs d’impartition logistique dans le commerce électronique aux particuliers. La seconde observe le travail de représentation d’une entreprise électorale en campagne.Le régime d’action stratégique est un principe de perception et de structuration des actions et des situations qui s’appuie sur un principe d’équivalence en puissance. Les situations sont constituées de rapports de force qui se nouent autour de biens à conserver ou acquérir. La mesure des situations comme des relations de puissance permet de réduire l’incertitude sur l’action à entreprendre, d’ordonner les situations et d’opérer une distribution des biens. La virtù est la compétence des personnes à l’action stratégique, elle leur permet de s’engager dans ces situations
This study falls within the focus of research on pragmatic sociology concerning engagement schemes of action. This thesis sets out to compliment the competence to judge and the actions by person through a strategic action regime modelisation system. This involves examining this regime within the internal economy and its relation with other schemes of engagement which can be considered as a resource to denounce and justify.This inquiry employs different resources which impact the production of different categories of analysis and description. First of all, the study is based on the body of theory in pragmatic sociology and disagreements postulated in sociology. Secondly, a focus on the work of N. Machiavelli, equated with political grammar of strategic action. Followed, by an analysis of two empirical surveys linked to the research themes treated. The first survey concerns the planning related to logistical sub-contracting in the electronical commercial domain. The second survey, analyses the work concerning the representation of an electoral enterprise campaign.The strategic action of regime is a lens to analyze and construct a framework of the actions and situations which are based on the principles of equity of power. The situations consist of power struggles aimed to keep or conserve that which is good. The evaluation of situations such as power relations facilitate the reduction of uncertainty in carrying out actions, in order to classify the situations and proceed to distribution of goods. Virtù refers to the competence of people in strategic actions which facilitate engagement in strategic situation
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5

Göpfert, Alois. "Classical description of dynamical many-body systems with central forces, spin-orbit forces and spin-spin forces". Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10551.

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Cette these presente un nouveau modele et les techniques necessaires afin de decrire un systeme a n corps dependant en temps qui interagit par des forces centrales, des forces spin-orbite et des forces spin-spin. Il fournit un cadre pour l'analyse de l'echange d'energie et de moment angulaire entre le sous-systeme spin-spin et le mouvement orbital. Les interactions internes entre les charges et les moments magnetiques des particules sont bien decrites par un couplage electromagnetique. En effet, compare a des calculs conventionnels en dynamique moleculaire des clusters de type van der waals, qui n'ont pas de degres de liberte avec un couplage non trivial. Le modele a ete utilise avec succes pour des simulations dynamiques de differents systemes de clusters saturant par des forces de type van der waals
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6

Sweetman, Adam. "Forces at the nanoscale : interactions in atomic force microscopy and dielectrophoresis". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11213/.

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Interactions at the nanoscale are governed almost exclusively by electromagnetic forces, but the interplay between different scaling laws produces a vast array of behaviours. We investigate radically different systems spanning almost three orders of magnitude of length scales, and use a variety of experimental techniques to determine the forces present in each regime, and the interplay between them. An important prototypical surface in SPM science has been the Si(100) surface, which due to it’s unstable buckling and complex electronic structure has fostered considerable debate in the surface science community. We have used small amplitude, high sensitivity combined qPlus STM/AFM to investigate tip -- sample interactions on the Si(100) surface at low-temperature in UHV, with a focus on the chemical, and electronic properties of the system and how these are modified by the probe. We present the first atomic resolution combined force/tunnel current results on the surface and show that great care must be taken in interpreting either pure AFM or pure STM data. We also examine tip -- sample interactions on arrays of thiol passivated spin-cast nanoparticles in both UHV and ambient conditions and show for the first time how minor modifications to the experimental parameters can radically alter the data collected, most likely due to the thiol -- surface -- tip interaction. We also present SKPM and voltage spectroscopy of the same samples and show the importance of electrostatic interactions in correct height determination of these network arrays, in parallel with the caution that must be maintained in interpreting CPD data. A key mechanism for the manipulation of meso-scale objects in solution is Dielelectrophoresis, which offers strong material and size specificity and a high degree of spatial control. In the final experimental chapter we investigate the effect of inhomogenous electric fields on nanoparticles in aqueous solution, and reveal how previously uninvestigated electrochemical effects can become important even at high frequencies, and may offer a new and exciting route for the control of self organised nanowires in solution.
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7

de, Mesa Winell. "Downsizing the United States Air Force Security Forces: A Phenomenological Investigation". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/351.

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The United States Air Force (USAF) has downsized an average of 10,000 active duty personnel each year from 1990 to 2010. Despite this downsizing, the mission remains the same, which increases the workload on the remaining airmen, lowers morale, decreases specialization, changes the mindset/culture, accelerates promotion rates, and shifts the dependence on technology in the Security Forces career field. The USAF needs adequately sized and proficient members to meet its mission. This phenomenological study examined the effects of USAF downsizing on the USAF Security Forces career field. The great man theory, social learning theory, theory of expertise, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs provided the conceptual framework. Semistructured interviews were gathered with a purposeful sample of 24 retired Security Forces members, near Air Combat Command bases; data were then analyzed through the Moustaukas modified van Kaam technique. The themes from this study were the cycle of downsizing; increased workload despite decreased number of personnel, also known as "more with less"; an accelerated promotion rate; and dependence on technology. The primary finding suggested the need for specialization and consistency of technology used. Further research on downsizing based on budgetary constraints, awareness of the loss of specializations after downsizing, and communication while downsizing could expand the findings of this study. The results of this study can be used by all leadership facing budgetary constraints and technology upgrades. Social change could ensue if leadership observes the cultural changes that occur when choosing to downsize and merge.
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8

Гулий, Олександр Миколайович, Александр Николаевич Гулый, Oleksandr Mykolaiovych Hulyi e S. V. Tokarev. "Rotor dynamic forces". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22937.

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9

CAILLAUD, SEBASTIEN. "Excitation forcee et controle actif pour la mesure des forces fluide-elastiques". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066553.

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L'action d'un fluide en ecoulement sur un faisceau de tubes est communement decomposee en une excitation aleatoire turbulente et une excitation fluide-elastique. Les forces fluide-elastiques, qui sont couplees au mouvement des tubes, peuvent etre determinees experimentalement a partir d'une analyse de la reponse vibratoire de la structure excitee par les forces turbulentes. Pour de faibles vitesses d'ecoulement, l'excitation turbulente peut etre insuffisante pour faire vibrer significativement le tube et pour autoriser une analyse vibratoire correcte. A l'inverse, la structure peut devenir instable pour de fortes vitesses d'ecoulement : les forces fluide-elastiques font chuter l'amortissement du systeme fluide-structure vers zero. Deux methodes experimentales sont proposees ici afin d'etendre la plage de vitesses d'ecoulement exploree. Une force d'excitation additionnelle permet d'augmenter le niveau vibratoire d'un tube pour ameliorer le rapport signal sur bruit a basses vitesses. Lorsque le tube est soumis au phenomene d'instabilite fluide-elastique, un apport artificiel d'amortissement par controle actif permet de le stabiliser. Les methodes sont mises en uvre sur un tube flexible insere dans un faisceau de tubes rigides en ecoulements transverses en eau et en eau-air. Deux technologies d'actionneurs sont utilisees : un excitateur electromagnetique et des actionneurs piezo-electriques. La methode par excitation additionnelle permet de montrer que les forces fluide-elastiques restent negligeables a faibles vitesses en ecoulement monophasique. La methode par controle actif permet de realiser des essais au-dela de l'instabilite fluide-elastique. En diphasique, un phenomene de stabilisation de la structure est alors observe pour les faibles taux de vide. Les nouveaux resultats sont analyses par rapport aux resultats de la litterature en termes de couplage fluide-elastique et d'excitation turbulente.
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10

Bartolo, Denis. "Forces et Fluctuations : Forces induites par l'agitation et reponse d'adhesifs moleculaires". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003804.

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Ce manuscrit est divisé en trois parties : (I) Sont présentées deux études concernant les forces effectives entre objets plongés dans un milieu fluctuant. A l'équilibre thermodynamique, nous caractérisons complètement la distribution, non universelle, des forces ressenties par deux objets pour quelques cas simples. Nous étendons aussi le concept de forces induites par les fluctuations à des milieux maintenus hors équilibre. (II) Nous y étudions la réponse dynamique d'adhésifs moléculaires. Une première étude concerne l'interprétation d'expériences récentes sur molécule unique. Nous identifions et discutons, en particulier, l'ambiguïté des interprétations usuelles de ces expériences. Nous montrons ensuite comment la topologie des chemins vers la rupture se traduit dans la complexité de la réponse dynamique des adhesifs. (III) On y fournit quelques commentaires sur les interactions élastiques qui existent entre des inclusions rigides déformant localement une interface molle.
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11

Bartolo, Denis. "Forces et fluctuations : forces induites par l'agitation et réponse d'adhésifs moléculaires". Paris 6, 2003. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003804.

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12

Yim, Jung Woo. "Feasibility of implementing an all-volunteer force for the ROK armed forces". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FYim.pdf.

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13

Siefert, Andrew William. "Mitral valve force balance: a quantitative assessment of annular and subvalvular forces". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53434.

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In vitro and in vivo models were proposed to evaluate the effects of ischemic mitral regurgitation and surgical repair on the function and mechanics of the heart’s mitral valve. In specific aim 1, a novel transducer was developed to measure the radially directed forces that may act on devices implanted to the mitral annulus. In an ovine model, radial forces were found to statistically increase with left ventricular pressure and were reduced in the setting of ischemic mitral regurgitation. In specific aim 2, the suture forces required to constrain true-sized and undersized annuloplasty rings to the mitral annulus of ovine animals was evaluated. Suture forces were observed to be larger on the anterior aspect of the rings and were elevated with annular undersizing. In specific aim 3, an in vitro simulator’s ability to mimic healthy and ischemic mitral regurgitation ovine mitral valve function was evaluated. After understanding the accuracy of the model, the in vitro ischemic mitral regurgitation model was used to evaluate the progressive effects of annuloplasty on strut and intermediary chordal tethering. The generated data and knowledge will contribute to the development of more durable devices and techniques to assess the significant clinical burden known as ischemic mitral regurgitation.
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14

Kong, Jiang-Ti 1975. "Measuring the electrostatic repulsion forces between glycosaminoglycans using the atomic force microscope". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85370.

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15

Jordan, Alexander D. W. (Alexander David Weigert). "Designing for forces : an early-stage design program for axial-force structures". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65738.

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Thesis (S.B. in Art and Design)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 64).
Structures that carry most of their load through the axial forces of tension or compression are more materially efficient than standard structures. However, they are not as straightforward to design since the forces in the structure depend on shape. The traditional method of form finding for such axial force structures is to create physical hanging models. These models are slow to produce and difficult to measure. Few digital design aids exist for designing axial force structures, and those that do tend to be for optimization or analysis, not necessarily for early stage design. In addition, they tend to lack desired functionality for a design program, and also tend focus on creating forms without considering engineering functionality. Since form and forces are so intertwined in axial-force structures, consideration of both in the early stages of design is desirable and is not fully addressed by existing programs. This thesis presents a new early stage design program, ForceDesigner, which improves the functionality of earlier programs and facilitates design by both architects and engineers. It builds on earlier design programs that use the particle spring system for creating digital hanging models, implementing the system in Processing and Java. The result is a program with a number of novel functions that allows designers interested in both form and forces to more quickly and easily create an unlimited number of efficient structures.
by Alexander D. W. Jordan.
S.B.in Art and Design
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16

McKee, Clayton T. "Investigation of Non-DLVO Forces using an Evanescent Wave Atomic Force Microscope". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28233.

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This dissertation describes new methods for measuring surface forces using evanescent waves, and applications to non-DLVO forces. An evanescent wave, generated at a solid-liquid interface, is scattered by AFM tips or particles attached to AFM cantilevers. The scattering of this wave is used to determine absolute separation between surfaces and/or the refractive index as a function of separation in AFM measurements. This technique is known as evanescent wave atomic force microscopy (EW-AFM). The scattering of an evanescent wave by Si3N4 AFM tips is large and decays exponentially with separation from a refractive index boundary. Thus, scattering is a useful method for measuring the separation between a Si3N4 tip and sample. This method has been used to measure the absolute separation between a tip and sample in the presence of an irreversibly adsorbed polymer film. Measurement of the film thickness and time response of the polymer to applied loads has also been studied. These measurements are not possible using current AFM techniques. In addition to measurements in polymer systems, the simple scattering profile from Si3N4 tips was used to re-examine short range hydration forces between hydrophilic surfaces. Results presented in this thesis suggest this force does not depend on the hydrated radius of the ion between glass and silicon nitride. The scattering generated by a Si3N4 tip has also been used to measure the refractive index of bulk fluids and thin films between hydrophobic surfaces. Based on these results, I have shown that a long-range attraction between hydrophobic surfaces is accompanied by an increase in the refractive index between the tip and surface. From this I have concluded that the attractive force, measured in this study, is the result of an increase in the concentration of organic material between surfaces. Finally, I have shown that the scattering profile depends on the material and size of the scattering object. Scattering from silicon nitride tips is exponential with separation. In contrast, the scattering profile from silicon tips, which are similar in size and geometry, is not a simple exponential. The scattering profile of larger spherical particles attached to cantilevers is also not exponential. It is approximately the sum of two exponentials. The functional form of the scattering profile with separation is consistent with the transmission of evanescent light through flat planar films. This result would suggest that a re-examination of the separation-dependence of scattering in TIRM measurements is necessary.
Ph. D.
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17

Rönnblom, Kristoffer. "An entrepreneurial military force? : A Governmentality analysis of Swedish Armed Forces recruits". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402929.

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This thesis aims to analyse how well recruits of the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) have embraced soldier ideals put forward by the SAF following a shift in means of recruiting, changing from a system of compulsive conscription to an All-volunteer force (AVF). This has been done using a Governmentality-analysis of an extensive survey conducted at Ärna Air Base in November of 2019. The concept of Governmentality has to do with the way states and other forms of authorities govern. Launched in the 1970s by French philosopher Michel Foucault, it is based on an understanding that states no longer governing mainly by force, but rather by appealing to its citizens’ free will governing through “the conduct of conduct”, through the creation of self-governing subjects. The recruits were asked to rank different reasons for enlisting, and to assess various ideal qualities of a soldier, as well as pictures used by the SAF with the intention to recruit soldiers. The results were widespread and showed a big dissonance both among the recruits internally but also between the SAF’s military identities promoted by the SAF and the recruits. In some instances, the recruits seem to embrace the SAF’s ideals and in others they seem to be hostile of them. A few reasons for this are suggested in the final chapter of the thesis for example the societal collective understanding of the SAF or the role of the instructing officers.
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18

Tajti, Norbert. "Enhancing Hungarian Special Forces through transformation--the shift to Special Operations Forces". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FTajti.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Lee. Doowan ; Second Reader: Greenshields, Brian H. ; Third Reader: Porkolab, Imre. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Special Forces, Special Operations Forces, Hungary, organizational design, special operations, NATO. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108). Also available in print.
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19

Büscher, Rauno. "Casimir forces and geometry". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976592533.

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20

Dickey, Mary-Margaret. "WAVE FORCES ON BRIDGES". MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11072008-080046/.

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From this review, a FORTRAN code was developed that generates time and position dependent distributed loads based on linear wave theory for shallow water conditions. The routine was integrated into to the Abaqus finite element analysis framework, and used to evaluate the structural response of a representative bridge section impacted by tidal surge.
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21

Asokan, Sreeja B. Superfine Richard. "Forces in cytoskeletal systems". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,65.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Chapel Hill 2006." Discipline: Physics and Astronomy; Department/School: Physics and Astronomy.
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22

Foulkes, William Matthew Colwyn. "Interatomic forces in solids". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328669.

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23

Wells, B. H. "Studies in intramolecular forces". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355824.

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24

Read, Christopher S. "Allegiance: Egypt security forces". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38998.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
In Egypt, opposition groups challenged the Mubarak Regime and toppled it. More than two years later, demonstrators against the military-backed government that deposed President Morsi were brutally put down and rule stayed with the junta. This thesis examines those events in Egypt and focuses on opposition tactics used and the response elicited from security force elements. It seeks to discover where, in 2011, security forces were not given or disobeyed the order to shoot protestors and, in 2013, ruthlessly followed that order. This thesis analyzes opposition tactics and questions whether those actions elicited loyalty shifts within security forces and how any such shifts impacted the ability to achieve political change. The thesis uses a synthesis of objectives developed by Anika Binnendijk, labeled the Five Strategic Objective framework, along with social movement theory as they apply it to challenger actions. To these the author adds foreign involvement and internal dynamics. Data is gathered through in-depth review of relevant documentation: published news, discussions, books, and reputable web sources. Analysis of the sources shows that in 2011, a broad based appeal generated sympathy within security forces that precluded obeying a shoot order and that such sympathy was not present in 2013
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25

Brampton, Christopher. "Forces in biomolecular systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429077.

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26

Jensen, Søren Trøjgård. "Forces on underwater vehicles". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36529.

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27

Wehbe, Imad Najib. "Les forces politiques palestiniennes". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10006.

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Dans cette thèse, nous avons procédé à l'étude de la question palestinienne, qui est sans nul doute considérée comme l'une des plus importantes conséquences de la colonisation dans le Moyen-Orient : elle est la question la plus complexe au niveau international. Ce qui nous importe le plus dans cette étude, ce sont les forces politiques et militaires en Palestine. C'est ainsi que nous avons constaté que ces forces ont passé deux étapes : dans la première, nous avons montré à travers cette étude que ces forces et ces partis politiques ont utilisé, au début, une idéologie plus proche de l'esprit révolutionnaire de la libération du pays que de la solution de compromis. Ils combattaient ce qui s'appelait la bourgeoisie politique et les perpétuels leadership, et le féodalisme politique. Ils essayaient avec ces slogans d'attirer l'attention de l'opinion publique palestinienne et arabe et de mettre la question en leurs mains propres. Dans l'autre étape de la vie politique palestinienne, quelques-uns de ces partis se sont débarrassés de leurs premiers slogans, suite à ce qui s'appela le nouvel ordre international, ainsi deviennent-ils plus proches du compromis que de la libération. Mais ils ont ignoré le principe de la pluralité politique, chose dont nous avons démontrée, dans cette étude, qu'elle n'est pas démocratique, car elle se base sur le régime des quotas au lieu des suffrages directs. Ceci a fait que l'O. L. P. A connu une crise générale et que de nouvelles forces politiques ont vu le jour, qui étaient à l'opposé de cette organisation.
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28

Nadtochiy, Y. O. "Moving forces of technology". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28721.

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We live in the world of technological devices. In the XX century people discovered, designed and invented as much as never before. And technology doesn’t seem to slow down its victorious march. People speak a lot about advantages and disadvantages of technology but what makes it develop so fast? To my mind there are two main forces that move technology forward. They are curiosity and laziness. These are two main features of peoples’ character that will always help us to discover new things and to invent new devices. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28721
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29

Pazhianur, Rajesh R. "Hydrophobic Forces in Flotation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28066.

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An atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to conduct force measurements to better understand the role of hydrophobic forces in flotation. The force measurements were conducted between a flat mineral substrate and a hydrophobic glass sphere in aqueous solutions. It is assumed that the hydrophobic glass sphere may simulate the behavior of air bubbles during flotation. The results may provide information relevant to the bubble-particle interactions occurring during flotation. The glass sphere was hydrophobized by octadecyltrichlorosilane so that its water contact angle was 109 degrees. The mineral systems studied include covellite (CuS), sphalerite (ZnS) and hornblende (Ca₂(Mg, Fe)₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH,F)₂). The collector used for all the mineral systems studied was potassium ethyl xanthate (KEX). For the covellite-xanthate system, a biopotentiostat was used in conjunction with the AFM to control the potential of the mineral surface during force measurements. This was necessary since the adsorption of xanthate is strongly dependent on the electrochemical potential (Eₕ) across the solid/liquid interface. The results show the presence of strong hydrophobic forces not accounted for by the DLVO (named after Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek) theory. Furthermore, the potential at which the strongest hydrophobic force was measured corresponds to the potential where the flotation recovery of covellite reaches a maximum, indicating a close relationship between the two. Direct force measurements were also conducted to study the mechanism of copper-activation of sphalerite. The force measurements conducted with unactivated sphalerite in 10⁻³ M KEX solutions did not show the presence of hydrophobic force while the results obtained with copper-activated sphalerite at pH 9.2 and 4.6 showed strong hydrophobic forces. However, at pH 6.8, no hydrophobic forces were observed, which explains why the flotation of sphalerite is depressed in the neutral pH regime. Direct force measurements were also conducted using hornblende in xanthate solutions to study the mechanism of inadvertent activation and flotation of rock minerals. The results show the presence of long-range hydrophobic forces when hornblende was activated by heavy metal cations such as Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions. The strong hydrophobic forces were observed at pHs above the precipitation pH of the activating cation. These results were confirmed by the XPS analysis of the activated hornblende samples. Force measurements were conducted between silanated silica surfaces to explore the relationship between hydrophobicity, advancing contact angle (CA), and the magnitude (K) of hydrophobic force. In general, K increases as Contact Angle increases and does so abruptly at Contact Angle=90°. At the same time, the acid-base component of the surface free energy decreases with increasing CA and K. At CA>90°, GammaSAB approaches zero. Based on the results obtained in the present work a mathematical model for the origin of the hydrophobic force has been developed. It is based on the premise that hydrophobic force originates from the attraction between large dipoles on two opposing surfaces. The model has been used successfully to fit the measured hydrophobic forces using dipole moment as the only adjustable parameter. However, the hydrophobic forces measured at CA>90° cannot be fitted to the model, indicating that there may be an additional mechanism, possibly cavitation, contributing to the appearance of the long-range hydrophobic force.
Ph. D.
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30

Hom, John S. "Natural forces: inquiring beauty". The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1328809006.

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31

Moine, Olivier. "Modélisation de forces optiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30055.

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Ce travail porte sur la modélisation théorique des forces optiques, c'est à dire sur la quantité de mouvement transmise à la matière par la lumière lors de l'interaction lumière-matière. La matière est supposée homogène. La première partie est consacrée aux deux principales approximations faites par le passé pour le calcul des forces optiques : l'approximation dipolaire et l'approximation géométrique, et les compare au calcul exact, que nous avons développé. Cette formulation totalement inédite nous permet de traiter un grand nombre de faisceaux incidents. La seconde partie traite des forces induites, c'est à dire des forces apparaissant dans le cas de multi-diffusions. Notre calcul exact nous permet ainsi d'évaluer les forces de binding entre les objets. La troisième partie propose de traiter les sphères enrobées, ouvrant ainsi la voie au traitement d'objet biologiques tels les cellules. Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à l'étude de pincettes optiques ; le faisceau incident y est reconstruit grâce a l'approximation de Davis
This work deals with theoretical modeling of optical forces on micro-meter scale objects using exact electromagnetic calculations. In the first part, we derive and review the two approximate techniques commonly used to calculate optic in the two extreme size domains : the Rayleigh approximation for dealing with particles considerably smaller than the wavelength, [lambda] , of the trapping radiation, and the geometric optics approximation which applies to particles much larger than [lambda]. We then illustrate the limits of these approximate techniques via a comparison with the exact calculations that we have developed. In the second part, we consider optical traps containing multiple particles. For such studies we couple our exact calculation technique with exact solutions of the multi-scattering equations in order to evaluate the optically induced forces that appear between particles in multiparticle traps. Most of our applications to date concern homogeneous spherical trapped particles, and a the third part studies the extension to more general particles like coated spheres which can be used to model biological organites like cells. The last part concerns the applications of theoretical modeling to the rapidly developing field of optical tweezers for mico-meter scale manipulation
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32

Ji, Shunxi. "Forces and Stability in Ternary Colloidal Systems: Evidence of Synergistic Effects". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47803.

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Understanding and controlling the forces between colloidal particles in solution, along with the resulting stability of a dispersion of such particles, continues to be at topic of great interest. Although most laboratory studies focus on model systems in which the number of system species is kept to a minimum, real colloidal systems can be much more complex, consisting of multiple components that can vary greatly in size, charge, shape, etc. This dissertation focused on a topic that has received very little prior study, namely synergistic effects that can arise in mixed colloidal systems in which the resulting force and stability of the system cannot be predicted using results obtained in more idealized systems consisting of fewer components. Two specific systems were studied. The first was a ternary system of particles in which micron-sized particles were in a dispersion containing both nanoparticles and submicron particles. It was shown through both computation modeling and direct force measurements that the nanoparticles can create attractive forces between the micron and submicron particles such that a halo of submicron particles is formed. This halo results in long range forces between the microparticles that cannot be predicted from measurements in systems containing only nanoparticles or only submicron particles. In addition, the forces can be large enough to alter the stability of a dispersion of these microparticles. The second system consisted of microparticles in a solution containing nanoparticles and a polyelectrolyte, specifically poly(acrylic) acid. Again, through modeling and experimentation, it was found that complexation of the nanoparticles and polyelectrolyte molecules led to depletion and structural forces between the microparticles that were substantially greater than the sum of the forces measured in systems of only nanoparticles or only polyelectrolyte. It was also found that these greater forces could lead to destabilization of a dispersion of microparticles that was stable when only nanoparticles or only polyelectrolyte was present. While these results clearly demonstrate the difficulty associated with predicting forces and stability in mixed colloidal systems, they also indicate that such systems offer new and interesting opportunities for controlling stability that clearly warrant additional study.
Ph. D.
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33

Bermingham, Charlotte R. "Measurement of pico/femto-Newton scale forces using the lateral molecular force microscope". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715803.

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34

Muse, Robert C. "Advising foreign forces force structure implications of the indirect approach to irregular warfare /". Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA491120.

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35

Moussus, Michel. "Forces mécaniques au sein de l'endothélium". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY008/document.

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Abstract (sommario):
Les dysfonctionnements vasculaires ou les blessures induites par l'âge, le tabac, les traumatismes ou une hyperlipidémie font partie de la myriade de facteurs de risques qui contribuent à la pathogénèse de nombreuses maladies cardiovasculaires. Un objectif important de la biologie vasculaire est de comprendre les processus cellulaires qui favorisent ou protègent contre ces maladies vasculaires. Cette pathogénèse est étroitement associée avec le dysfonctionnement de la paroi interne des vaisseaux sanguins. Cette paroi est constituée par une monocouche de cellules endothéliales qui forment l'endothélium vasculaire. La réparation de l'endothélium implique le remodelage des adhésions focales (AF) et des jonctions adhérentes (JA). Des modifications dans la composition protéique de ces structures adhésives génèrent des forces qui sont à la base du remodelage et de la réparation de l'endothélium. Dans la littérature, les forces cellulaires sont étudiées sur des cellules isolées, des doublets de cellules ou des ilots de cellules en croissance mais les forces mécaniques qui s'exercent au sein d'un tissu doivent encore être caractérisées. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons la Microscopie à Traction de Force (TFM) sur des substrats en polyacrylamide pour étudier l'équilibre mécanique entre les jonctions intercellulaires et les adhésions cellule/substrat. Nous analysons dans quel mesure la TFM peut être utilisée pour étudier des monocouches cellulaires et présentons une nouvelle approche pour extraire les forces contractiles exercées par un tissu endothéliale. Finalement, nous utilisons cette méthode pour caractériser les forces transmises par les cellules à leur substrat et les forces contractiles pour une monocouche endothéliale. Cette méthode fournit un outil intéressant pour étudier la contribution de certaines protéines des jonctions adhérentes sur les forces transmises au sein de l'endothélium
Vascular dysfunction or injury induced by aging, smoking, inflammation, trauma, hyperlipidaemia are among a myriad of risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. An important objective in vascular biology is to understand cellular processes that promote or protect against cardiovascular diseases. This pathogenesis is very closely associated with dysfunction of the inner face of the vessel wall. The inner face of the vessel wall is lined by a monolayer of endothelial cells forming the vascular endothelium. Reparation of the endothelium involves remodelling of focal adhesionns (FA) and adherent junctions (AJ). Modifications in the protein composition of these adhesive structures generate forces at the basis of endothelium remodelling and reparation. In the literature, cellular forces are studied on single cells, epithelial cell doublets or cell aggregates in growth but mechanical forces inside tissues remains to be characterized. In this thesis, we use traction force microscopy (TFM) on polyacrylamide substrates to study the mechanical equilibrium between intercellular junctions and cell/substrate adhesion. We analyse to which extent TFM can be used for studying monolayers and present a novel approach to extract contractile forces exerted by an endothelial tissue. Finally, we use this methodology to characterize forces transmitted to the substrate and the contractile forces of endothelial monolayers. This method provides an interesting tool to study the contribution of some proteins of the adherent junctions to force transmission within the endothelium
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36

Loudy, MIchael E. "Sustainment support for Naval Construction Forces operating with Marine Air-Ground Task Forces". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA326654.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): Paul J. Fields, K.R. Gue. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76). Also available online.
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37

Draper, Stephen R. ""EOD, Up!" how explosive ordnance disposal forces can best support special operations forces". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FDraper.pdf.

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38

Mansouri, Yassine. "La localisation des activités productives : les tensions entre forces centrifuges et forces centripètes". Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326119.

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Nous nous interrogeons, dans le cadre de la NEG, sur la validité empirique d'un certain nombre de grands facteurs explicatifs de la répartition spatiale des activités (le coût du travail local, les coûts de la concurrence, localisation de la demande finale, le coût de transport etc). Nos résultats, trouvés à l'aide de différentes simulations dans un contexte de processus d'intégration régionale au sein des PVD, suggèrent que les firmes semblent réaliser un arbitrage entre s'agglomérer pour bénéficier de rendements croissants dus à l'effet taille du marché et se disperser pour bénéficier des coûts du travail plus faibles. Nous modélisons, en particulier, l'avantage des régions côtières par rapport aux régions intérieures dans le commerce avec le reste du monde. Ce constat est particulièrement vrai dans le bassin méditerranéen qui est caractérisé par une littoralisation excessive de l'activité économique et démographique. Il apparaît qu'au-delà des politiques d'ouverture internationale mises en évidence par Krugman et Elizondo (1996), la dotation régionale en terme d'infrastructures de transport a un impact certain sur le degré et l'efficacité de la concentration spatiale au sein des PVD. Le second grand enseignement de cette étude est que la tendance au redéploiement des activités des grands pôles urbains vers les zones de moindre densité se confirme avec la considération des forces centrifuges. En effet, cette extension influence directement la fonction de production des firmes et conduit à une répartition plus égale de l'activité économique entre deux régions. De ce fait, les possibilités d'équilibres de long terme sont plus larges avec la prise en compte des coûts de congestion.
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39

Mansouri, Yassine Gilles Philippe Boismery Hervé. "La localisation des activités productives Les tentions entre forces centrifuges et forces centripètes /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326119/fr.

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40

Zold, Zoltan. "Professional armed forces new trend in Europe : transformation of the Czech armed forces". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FZold.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S. in Defense Systems Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Raymond Franck, Donald Abenheim. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-88). Also available online.
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41

Malave, Carmen. "Deep hole drilling - Cutting forces and balance of tools". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20696.

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Drilling is a standard process for producing holes in metal materials. With an increased hole depth the demands increase on both machine and tool. Deep hole drilling is a complex process which ischaracterized by a high metal removal rate and hole accuracy. A hole deeper than ten times the diameter can be considered a deep hole which requires a specialized drilling technique. During adeep hole drilling process, the forces generated on the deep hole drill give a rise to a resultant radial force. The resultant radial force pushes the drill in a radial direction during a drilling operation. The radial force direction is of crucial importance in regard of tool guidance, stability and hole size accuracy. This force affects tool performance, reduces tool life and has an impact on the bore surface. Due to the complex nature of deep hole drilling, Sandvik Coromant wishes to get a better understanding of how their current deep hole drilling tools are balanced. The purpose of this study is to conduct a survey of a number of drills of Sandvik Coromant deep hole drill assortment. The main aim of this study is to calculate and measure the resultant radial force generated during a deep hole drilling operation. The forces are calculated with the aid of a calculation program and test-runs on a number of drills. This report presents the calculated magnitude and direction of the resultant radial force duringentrance, full intersection and at the exit of the workpiece. In addition to the measured values of theresultant radial force during entry and full intersection. Four different drill geometries are evaluated which of two are competitor drills. A deep hole drill geometry is re-modified in aspect to drill stability based on the outcome of the measured and calculated results. The results acquired from the performed calculation and measurements of the resultant showed that the resultant radial force acts in an angular direction that was outside the range between the support pads. This true for three of the four evaluated drill geometries. There were minor differences between the measured and calculated forces which enforce the reliability of the used calculation program. The modified drill geometry of a deep hole drill gave an indication of which geometry variables have impact on the resultant radial force magnitude and angular direction. The data presented in this report can be a base for future development of a deep hole drill toolgeometry in regard to the resultant radial force. Variables affecting the calculated results and theresultant radial force are presented and discussed. The study is concluded with suggestions of futurework based on the acquired data.
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42

Bulgakov, Igor G. "The Ukrainian Armed Forces in peacekeeping : new perspectives on the professionalization of peacekeeping forces". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6089.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
Rapid changes have characterized international relations since the end of the Cold War. Transitioning democracies have been the scene of often-violent change, enduring civil war, political and economic struggle, and ethnic strife. Transitioning nations increasingly need peacekeeping operations to maximize their chances for success. Historically however, peacekeeping operations created by the United Nations have been ad hoc "coalitions of the willing" and have not been conducive to establishing professional peacekeeping forces. This thesis proposes that the more professional the peacekeeping operation, the higher the chance of success for the peacekeeping mission. The need for change to professional peacekeeping is particularly true for the Ukrainian Armed Forces. The development of standing national forces designed and trained to act in crisis management and peacekeeping operations is critical for success. Using the Polish-Ukrainian Peacekeeping Battalion (UKRPOLBAT) as a model, a separate brigade within the Ukrainian Armed Forces should be established to specifically and only perform peacekeeping missions. Thus, this unit could be used as a springboard to begin the professionalization of peacekeeping not only in Ukraine, but also in Europe and the rest of the world.
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43

Moore, Sean O'Neill. "QUANTIFYING THE BIOMECHANICAL FORCES BETWEEN PROTEINS INVOLVED IN ELASTIN SYNTHESIS USING ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1546450170942598.

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44

Rangarajan, Murali. "Polymer-induced forces at interfaces". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015689.

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45

Robertsen, Tom A. "Transforming Norwegian Special Operation Forces". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FRobertsen.pdf.

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46

Heintz, Sofia. "Muscular forces from static optimization". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3943.

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At every joint there is a redundant set of muscle activated during movement or loading of the system. Optimization techniques are needed to evaluate individual forces in every muscle. The objective in this thesis was to use static optimization techniques to calculate individual muscle forces in the human extremities.

A cost function based on a performance criterion of the involved muscular forces was set to be minimized together with constraints on the muscle forces, restraining negative and excessive values. Load-sharing, load capacity and optimal forces of a system can be evaluated, based on a description of the muscle architectural properties, such as moment arm, physiological cross-sectional area, and peak isometric force.

The upper and lower extremities were modelled in two separate studies. The upper extremity was modelled as a two link-segment with fixed configurations. Load-sharing properties in a simplified model were analyzed. In a more complex model of the elbow and shoulder joint system of muscular forces, the overall total loading capacity was evaluated.

A lower limb model was then used and optimal forces during gait were evaluated. Gait analysis was performed with simultaneous electromyography (EMG). Gait kinematics and kinetics were used in the static optimization to evaluate of optimal individual muscle forces. EMG recordings measure muscle activation. The raw EMG data was processed and a linear envelope of the signal was used to view the activation profile. A method described as the EMG-to-force method which scales and transforms subject specific EMG data is used to compare the evaluated optimal forces.

Reasonably good correlation between calculated muscle forces from static optimization and EMG profiles was shown. Also, the possibility to view load-sharing properties of a musculoskeletal system demonstrate a promising complement to traditional motion analysis techniques. However, validation of the accurate muscular forces are needed but not possible.

Future work is focused on adding more accurate settings in the muscle architectural properties such as moment arms and physiological cross-sectional areas. Further perspectives with this mathematic modelling technique include analyzing pathological movement, such as cerebral palsy and rheumatoid arthritis where muscular weakness, pain and joint deformities are common. In these, better understanding of muscular action and function are needed for better treatment.

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47

Fredheim, Arne. "Current Forces on Net Structure". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-559.

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The trend in recent years has been that the amount of wild catch is stagnating. In this perspective the selectivity of fishing gear has become an important issue. The aim of the present work has been to develop a three-dimensional model for the flow in front and inside a net structure, such as a trawl, to be able to predict and calculate selectivity of net structures. A net consist of twines which connect in knots and make up a mesh. The diameter of a twine can be from 1 [mm] in net cages up to a few centimeters in the front part of a trawl. And similar the size of the mesh can be from 1 [cm] up to the order of a meter. Typical Reynolds number range, related to the diameter of a twine, is O(102−104).

An examination of numerical results for the drag force on plane net structure demonstrates a strong dependency of the drag force on a net structure with both the geometry, in terms of Solidity ratio, and the Reynolds number. And in particular a non-uniform relation between the drag force and the Solidity ratio. It is evident that for increasing Solidity ratios, flow interaction will become increasingly significant. The physical design of the knot part contributes largely to this flow interaction.

The net structure is divided into discrete elements. The twines are modeled as separate cylinders between knots and the knots are modeled as separate spheres. Typically the total number of twines in a trawl could be in the order of 106 and it is thus impractical to model every single twine. It is assumed that for a given Reynolds number, keeping the Solidity ratio constant, the total drag on the trawl will be independent on the actual diameter and mesh opening of the net.

First each of these different elements is modeled as a set of source distributions and single point sources. The influence from the net on the fluid flow is then calculated by representing the wake generated by each element as source distributions along the structural element. To determine the strength of these sources the principle of Lagally is applied. Then a set of equations is obtained, describing the relation between the fluid velocity and the source strength at every element. Based on this approach, a method is presented to calculate the drag force on net structures with high solidity. The method uses appropriate drag coefficients related to the geometry of the twines and the knots and account for the change in the inflow due to the presence of the net structure and at the same time changes the geometry of the net structure due to the load.

Secondly the interaction between the net elements, due to the physical generation of a wake flow behind each individual element of the net, has been studied using a time-averaged wake model. Modifications are applied to the far-field mean velocity deficit mode by Schlichting (1968). This to better describe the the near-field behavior and the added effect of the wake from many individual cylindrical elements. It is shown that the wake model by Blevins (1990) can be used. The method is verified against experiments, as means of calculating the drag on plane nets as a function of Reynolds number, Solidity ratio and angle of attack and gives reasonable good agreement. During the experiments some interesting three-dimensional effects regarding the flow around cylinders were discovered. Negative lift forces occurring on the downstream cylinder in a staggered arrangement is explained as interactions due to upstream generated vortices.

To create a three-dimensional method where the inflow on each of the cylinders is corrected due to the presence of all the other cylinders, these two models are added together. Further, a structural analysis of the net structure, using a FEM method, is included in the model. A more complete description of the problem is obtained by combining the change in the inflow due to the presence of the net structure, with a correction of the shape and geometry due to the drag load.

Results from numerical simulation of different kinds of net structures, show that the elasticity in the net structure has a significant influence on the resulting geometry and calculated results. Further, the numerical results for net cages have been compared to experimental results. Good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental result is seen. Also the resulting geometry from the experimental results was recreated satisfactory using the present method.

For three-dimensional cone shaped net structures, in contrast to net panels and net cages, the presented numerical results do not indicate a large influence on the drag force due to changes in geometry. The agreement between the numerical and experimental results for fluid velocity in front and inside of a three-dimensional net structure, compared to experimental results, was reasonably good. Quantitatively the results do not match exactly, but the characteristics of the flow are recreated. Further, based on the numerical results for the fluid velocity, pressure field in front of a cone is presented. The relative pressure gradient is shown to be minimal, and it is not likely than any fish will detect this change in pressure field neither by direct pressure sensing nor by any sound created from any shed vortices.

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48

Ådnanes, Håkon. "Forces on a net panel". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15468.

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Abstract (sommario):
Four different methods for calculating forces on and deformation of a net suspended in current have been compared. The four methods are: 1) The method presented by Løland in his PhD thesis. Uses drag and lift coefficients based on experimental values. A zero moment requirement, and iteration is used to find the deformation and forces on net elements. 2) The solution of the catenary equation adapted to a net problem. 3) FhSim, a simulation software under development by SINTEF. Finds forces by adding contributions on single twines, based on coefficients from the modified cross flow principle. 4) AquaSim by Aquastructures, a commercial analysis software package. Forces on nets found from single twine contribution. A brief presentation of the different methods is given, with a more detailed discussion of the catenary equation method. The drag and lift coefficients are compared to experimental data. The Løland and catenary equation methods are generally closest to the experimental data. An error analysis of the catenary equation for four different solidity ratios showed decreasing relative error on drag force, lift force and end point angle with increasing current velocity. At current velocity above 0.6m/s, all these gave a relative error of 16% or less. The relative error of maximum tension increase with increasing current velocity. The four methods are compared with respect to drag force, lift force, and deformation. This is done with gradual increase of current velocity (case 1), and gradual increase of solidity ratio (case 2). The catenary equation and Løland method gives consistently almost equal lift force. FhSim and AquaSim also give very similar results for lift force, but the values are considerable lower than those from the other two methods. In FhSim, the low lift force is supported by relative small net deformations. Deformations according to AquaSim are larger, but still lower than those given from Løland and the catenary equation. The drag force from Løland, the catenary equation and FhSim are generally in the same range, with some partial exceptions. At relative high current velocity or solidity ratio, the drag force from AquaSim is found to be many times larger than those calculated from the other methods. Due to the drag force being calculated as contributions from every single twine, the proportionality with the projected area is reduced, leading to a significant overestimation at large deformations. Drag coefficients in FhSim should be larger for net panels with a angle relative to the current less than 60°. The lift coefficients for panels with an angle above 45° should also be larger. The solidity and angle independent factor in Lølands drag formula should be reduced or neglected. Some sort of shielding effect due to twines upstream should be implemented in AquaSim to reduce the overestimation of drag force at large net deformation. The lift coefficients for the catenary equation are likely high. The method seems to be viable for aquaculture application.
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49

Stoneking-Stewart, Jennifer L. "Inevitable forces deciphering the environment /". Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181252102/.

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50

Vass, John D. V. "Retention in the Canadian Forces". Fort Leavenworth, KS : US Army Command and General Staff College, 2007. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA475574.

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Abstract (sommario):
Theses (M.A. of Military Art and Science)--Army Command and General Staff College, 2007.
Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Apr 2, 2008). Includes bibliographical references p. 89-93.
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