Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Fonctionnalisation enzymatique"
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Tesi sul tema "Fonctionnalisation enzymatique":
Baig, Muhammad. "Extraction de composant de biomasse lignocellulosique oléagineuse en milieu eau et CO2 subcritique et fonctionnalisation enzymatique". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20215/document.
This work addresses the integrated biorefining concept (extraction, fractionation, separation of compounds from biomass prior to further transformation) by developing discrete units with the ultimate objective of coupling them to enable a continuous flow configuration. Due to the complexity of solid, there is a need for a sustainable and environmentally friendly pre-treatment technology. Sub-critical water has been used as a solvent for extracting natural compounds in addition to hydrolysis. This work investigated the hydrolysis of carbohydrates (rice bran) and triacylglycerols (TAG; sunflower oil) chosen as models. The attribute of subcritical water (ion product and dielectric constant) in continuous flow reactors built for the purpose, allowed almost quantitative hydrolysis of hemicellulose and TAG. The effect of adding CO2 and therefore carbonic acid was positive on the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Further, free fatty acids were transformed to ethyl esters using lipase within continuous flow super critical CO2 resulting in 95% yield. The hydrolysis and esterification reaction kinetics were studied. To address the complex interplay between multiple processing parameters response surface methodologies (RSM) were developed. Using the empirical data the models were successfully validated, therefore showing the utility of the RSM to assist process development. The important question of solubility of extractible in subcritical water was also addressed, through the development of a prediction method, validated with experimental data. In summary this work shows the possibility of applying the innovative Integrated Biorefining concept under continuous flow conditions -instead of the current application under batch conditions- for producing valuable compounds
Adam, Aurélie. "Auto-assemblage de la gomme d'acacia modifiée par voie enzymatique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0306.
The appearance of order from disorder has always fascinated us, especially self-assemblies. Indeed, they allow the spontaneous formation of particles in suspension (colloidal particles) without any energy input. Most studies to induce self-assembly are based on chemical techniques, often using organic solvents or toxic compounds.The originality of the Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory (LIBio) lies in the formulation of innovative vectors whose constituents are derived from renewable agro-resources. One of the research axes of the laboratory is thus focused on the modification of natural polysaccharides in order to bring them new functional properties. Here, in order to move towards a greener chemistry, the original approach of functionalization by enzymatic way of polysaccharides developed at LIBio is implemented to modify the Acacia gum in order to confer self-assembly properties. This modification is based on the use of an enzyme allowing the oxidation of phenolic compounds. The oxidation products then formed ester bonds with Acacia gum to modify the arabinogalactan peptide and arabinogalactan protein fractions. The oxidation products being hydrophobic modified the behavior of the gum by making it less hydrophilic and less hygroscopic. Thus in aqueous medium, at concentrations where the native Acacia gum is soluble, the modified Acacia gum forms monodisperse spherical particles. It is then necessary to determine which method is the most suitable to define the critical aggregation concentration of these assemblies. In particular, a new technique has been used: micro-scale thermophoresis. In the last part of this work it is a question of studying the influence of physicochemical parameters on the assembly. Indeed, the assemblies are formed thanks to the weak links between the sub-units of modified Acacia gum. These interactions depend on parameters such as ionic strength, pH or temperature
Enaud, Estelle. "Fonctionnalisation enzymatique de composés phénoliques : synthèses d'esters aromatiques de flavonoi͏̈des glycosylés catalysées par la lipase B de Candida antarctica". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_ENAUD_E.pdf.
Aljawish, Abdulhadi. "Fonctionnalisation enzymatique de chitosane par des composés phénoliques : évaluation des propriétés biologiques et physico-chimiques de ces nouveaux biopolymères". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0089/document.
Oxidation of ferulic acid and its ester (ethyl ferulate) by Myceliophtora thermophila laccase has been studied in aqueous medium under mild experimental conditions (30°C and pH 7.5) as a green process to synthesize natural neo-molecules. Enzymatic oxidation led to colored and colorless intermediaries for ferulic acid and ethyl ferulate, respectively. Additionally, ethyl ferulate was oxidized faster than ferulic acid. This procedure has led to dimeric major products with MM = 443 g/mol and MM = 386 g/mol for ethyl ferulate and ferulic acid, respectively. New synthesized molecules demonstrated important antioxidants properties with weak antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. With insoluble chitosan particles in the reaction medium, laccase was protected from inhibition due to oxidation products and the polymerization degree of these products was checked. In addition, the oxidation products reacted with the free NH2 groups forming covalent bonds of Schiff base type (C=N) at C-2 region. The majority of the oxidation products grafted onto chitosan was of dimeric form. This procedure led to colored and colorless chitosans by ferulic acid and ethyl ferulate, respectively, with new properties due to grafting of phenolic compounds. These chitosan derivatives presented interesting functional properties such as antioxidant, physico-chemical (thermal stability) and biological (cell adhesion) as well as the preservation of antibacterial properties of native chitosan
Nesterenko, Alla. "Etude et fonctionnalisation de protéines végétales en vue de leur application en microencapsulation". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0148/document.
Proteins extracted from vegetables are relatively low-cost, non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable raw materials. They represent a good alternative to animal-based proteins and petroleum-extracted polymers. In this study, proteins derived from soybean and sunflower seeds were used as wall materials for microencapsulation of hydrophobic (-tocopherol) or hydrophilic (ascorbic acid) active material by spray-drying technique. Soybean proteins are widely used in food and non-food applications, especially in microencapsulation. They were studied in this work as wall material of reference. Sunflower proteins are not actually used in industrial application, but only in the form of oil-cake for animal feeding. That’s why new ways of valorization of this agricultural by-product should be investigated. Several proteins’ modifications such as enzymatic hydrolysis, acylation, cross-linking and cationization were studied in order to improve encapsulating properties of wall material. In the context of green chemistry, all the modifications and preparations were performed without use of organic solvents and chemical catalysts. The effect of protein chemical and enzymatic modifications, and process parameters (homogenization pressure, wall/core ratio and protein concentration) on different characteristics of liquid preparations and microparticles (viscosity, emulsion droplet size, microparticle size and morphology) and on parameters related to the spray-drying process (yield and efficiency of microencapsulation) was particularly investigated in this study. The obtained results confirmed that sunflower proteins are quite suitable as encapsulating agent and provide the microencapsulation efficiencies significantly higher compared to those obtained with soy proteins
Karaki, Nadine. "Impact de la fonctionnalisation enzymatique de la pectine par des composés phénoliques sur la structure et les propriétés physicochimiques du polymère". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0205/document.
This dissertation concerns the functionalization of the citrus pectin with phenolic compounds. A first strategy consisted in grafting the products issued from the oxidation of ferulic acid (FA), in aqueous medium (pH 7,5, 30 ° C), in the presence of the laccase of Myceliophthora thermophila (pectin F). The main objectives were to demonstrate the covalent grafting of exogenous phenols onto the polysaccharide, to collect information about the structure and the properties of the modified polymer and to compare them with the characteristics of the native one. A second strategy of functionalization was applied, based on the adsorption of FA oxidation products onto the pectin (pectin POX). Whatever the functionalization pathway, biochemical analyses showed the incorporation of phenolic compounds into the pectin. The structure and the properties of the modified pectins depended on the type of modification undergone by the polysaccharide (covalent grafting or adsorption). Structural analyses suggested that the covalent grafting of phenols involved the carboxyl groups of the pectin (ester bound) on which FA oligomers were bound. The properties of native and modified pectins (POX and F) were studied and compared aiming to highlight the changes brought by functionalization. The study of the thermal properties of pectin POX and F suggested less organized and less compact structures compared to the native one. The antioxidant activity of the modified pectins was improved whereas their hygroscopic character was decreased because of the incorporation of hydrophobic phenolic compounds. As the native pectin, the pectins POX and F presented a shear-thinning profile. However, the viscosity and the gelation rate measured for the pectin F were significantly decreased, compared with those obtained for the native pectin. The pectin POX presented an intermediate behavior. Preliminary results of assemblies demonstrated the possibility to associate the native or modified pectin to another polysaccharide, the chitosan, leading to microparticles capable to encapsulate an active ingredient such as the curcumin
Meline, Thomas. "Synthèse enzymatique d’esters de sucres à partir du son de blé et applications". Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS026.
Lignocellulosic biomass is at the center of biorefinery development. This development is achieved by the fractionation of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose and hemicelluloses) in order to produce biofuels, molecules of interest and agromaterials.This PhD thesis had the objective to study the transformation of wheat bran xylanes into pentose based surfactants. A two steps system was studied, a first step of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran with hemicellulases (to produce xylose and arabinose) and a second step of sugar acylation catalyzed by a lipase to produce pentoses based surfactants.The PhD thesis mainly focused on the transesterification of D- xylose and L-arabinose (pure or obtained from wheat bran hydrolysate) by the immobilized lipase N435 with vinyllaurate. Several parameters were studied. Lauryl mono- and diesters of D- xylose and L-arabinose were produced by the lipase and their structures were elucidated. Physico-chemical properties of the original and newly produced pentoses based esters were investigated and shown the surfactant potential of these molecules. A preliminary approach was also developed to study the enzymatic synthesis of lauryl xylo-oligosaccharides esters by the lipase N435. Our results showed that such a production is possible but is less efficient than with monosaccharides. The production by transesterification of xylo-oligosaccharides with the lipase N435 needs to be optimized as well as the purification and the characterization of lauryl xylo-oligosaccharides esters
Alves, Da Costa Cardoso Ligia. "Identification de facteurs opératoires influents en vue d'une production microbienne optimale de torularhodine et de sa fonctionnalisation enzymatique, à partir d'études cinétiques". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL082N/document.
The aim of this work was to determine the optimum of an original carotenoid, the torularhodin, produced by Sporobolomyces ruberrimus, in batch culture. A very interesting characteristic of this strain is its ability to consume raw glycerol as a carbon and energy source for microbial growth and carotenoid production. In the fist part of this study, the identification of operating parameters that have an influence on the optimum torularhodin production, was achieved. Experimental assays reinforced by a statistical study allowed to identify temperature, dissolved oxygen pressure and oleic acid supplementation, as the major parameters of influence, and then the integration of these data was performed for the construction of a multiobjective optimization based on a multicriteria experimental design. The establishment of a mathematical model of a second degree polynomial type was developed for the prediction of the values of µmax and of the torularhodin concentration reported to biomass. In the last part, considering that torularhodin has an important antioxidant property and it exhibits a free carboxyl acid function which can be used as acyl agent, a study of its structure modifying by an enzymatic way as a stabilization pattern was started. The experimental conditions of lysine acylation by the lipase B of Candida antarctica were determined using a model carotenoid, the bixin. The resulting product of the synthesis of bixin derivative was purified and showed an antiradical activity of 2.5 times higher than that of bixin. This result showed the ability of the acylation reaction of peptides with this kind of carotenoids
Tibaldi, Alexandra. "Developpement de transistors organiques à grille électrolytique pour la caractérisation in-situ de processus de fonctionnalisation de surface : application au suivi d'une cinétique enzymatique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC084/document.
This work deals with the realisation and study of Electrolyte-Gated Organic FieldEffect Transistors (EGOFETs). These field-effect transistors have the peculiarity of operating in the presence of an electrolyte and at very low voltages. The EGOFETs architecture has been adapted so that its electrical characteristics are mostly controlled by the structure and composition of the gate/electrolyte interface. This property has been used for the transduction of physico-chemical events located on the surface of the transistor gate. Based on the electrical signal variation of the EGOFETs, the kinetics of alkylthiols self-assembly on Au gate can be characterised. This example hightlights the potentiality of EGOFETs for in-situ and real-time study of various surface functionalisation phenomena. This property has been applied to the monitoring of in-situ production of an alkylthiol, the thiocholine, by an enzyme, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In the presence of its substrate, AChE generates thiocholine. The addition of enzyme to an EGOFET device containing its substrate in the electrolyte causes a variation in the drain current correlated to the amount of enzyme present. The device allowed the determination of AChE over the pM range, with a limit of detection of 2 pM. This analytical capability offers an alternative to the current reading devices of enzyme immunoassays
Abbas, Abdennour. "Fabrication et fonctionnalisation de bioMEMS par plasma froid pour l’Analyse de la biocatalyse en spectroscopie téraHertz". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10050.
The applications of miniaturized devices are no longer limited to electronic industry. Today, a new kind of microsystems called BioMEMS (Bio-MicroElectroMechanical Systems) are spreading in different fields, including biomedical, environmental and food industry applications. Recurring challenges are focusing on enabling processes for smaller, cost-effective, high-functionality devices, with more sensitivity and suitability for industrial scale development. This highly interdisciplinary thesis work attempts to provide new solutions to meet some of the needs mentioned above. It reports the fabrication, functionalization, and applications of a BioMEMS for enzyme reaction monitoring. First, we have developed a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) process for the surface functionalization by plasma polymerized allylamine. Films with high amine density and enhanced stability in aqueous environment were obtained. The amine functions were then used for enzymes immobilization. The covalently bonded trypsin molecules were extensively characterized and kinetic parameters determined using several microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Finally, both optimized processes were applied to the biofunctionalization of a TeraHertz (THz)-based BioMEMS. THz spectroscopy is the only non-invasive analytic method able to monitor molecular events at the picosecond timescale by probing low binding energies directly. It is used here for sensing a biocatalysis reaction inside the bioMEMS microchannels. Sub-THz measurements (0.06-0.11 THz) showed that combining microfluidic microsystems technology with THz detection could be a promising alternative for label-free real-time detection of biological interactions at the microscale. Additionally, we have developed a new microchannel fabrication process using direct plasma polymerization of TMDS (TetraMethylDiSiloxane) on micropatterned surfaces. This achievement demonstrates that cold plasma processes could be used not only for functionalization purposes or surface treatment but for the 3D microfabrication as well. This highly reduces processing time and manual handling steps, which is of a great importance for further industrial scale production
Libri sul tema "Fonctionnalisation enzymatique":
Aljawish, Abdulhadi. Etude en Biotechnologie Blanche : Fonctionnalisation enzymatique du chitosane par des composés phénoliques: Un procédé de synthèse propre. Omniscriptum, 2014.