Tesi sul tema "Fonction quantile"
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Gardes, Laurent. "Estimation d'une fonction quantile extrême". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005185.
Testo completoEl, Fassi Kaouthar. "Sur l'estimation non paramétrique de la fonction d'égalisation équipercentile. Application à la qualité de vie". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425330.
Testo completoEl, Fassi Kaouthar. "Sur l'estimation non-paramétrique de la fonction d' "Egalisation Equipercentile" : applications à la qualité de vie". Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425330.
Testo completoFils-Villetard, Amélie. "Analyse des valeurs extrêmes et applications dans un cadre univarié et multivarié". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066171.
Testo completoFlament, Guillaume. "Modélisation statistique de l'impact du risque climatique sur la solvabilité des banques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NSAIM002.
Testo completoTins manuscript proposes an adap tation of the Merton-Vasicek model. This single-factor model allows for the calculation of financial losses related to crédit. Typically, this factor is considered Gaussian, and the model do es not allow for the intégration of macroeconomic variables. In this manuscript, we propose to compote this loss based on the quantile of the common factor conditional on macroeconomic variables. We propose two semiparametric types of models to estimate these quantifies. We demonstrate their rele- vance through bot h numerical exercises and real data.However, integrating climate risk into the cal culation of extreme losses requires the intro duction of macroeconomic scénarios that will then serve as explanatory variables in this Merton-Vasicek model. We hâve therefore pro- posed to integrate environmental constraints into an IAM, the DICE model. Specifically, we propose to integrate exergy into the model ing of the Total Factor Productivity (TEP). Next, it is possible to incorporate the pré dictions of the TFP to generate trajectories of (de-)growth that could eventually be inte- grated as explanatory variables into the condi tional quantile models
Ben-Dov, Yoav. "Versions de la mécanique quantique sans réduction de la fonction d'onde : la théorie d'Everett et l'onde-pilote". Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA132011.
Testo completoPoulin, Nicolas. "Estimation de la fonction des quantiles pour des données tronquées". Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0159.
Testo completoIn the left-truncation model, the pair of random variables Y and T with respective distribution function F and G are observed only if Y ≥ T. Let (Yi,Ti) ; 1 ≤ i ≤ n be an observed sample of this pair of random variables. The quantile function of F is estimated by the quantile function of the Lynden-Bell (1971) estimator. After giving some results of the literature in the case of independant data, we consider the α-mixing framework. We obtain strong consistency with rates, give a strong representation for the estimator of the quantile as a mean of random variables with a neglible rest and asymptotic normality. As regards the second topic of this thesis, we consider a multidimensionnal explanatory random variable X of Y which plays the role of a response. We establish strong consitency and asymptotic normality of the conditional distribution function and those of the conditional quantile function of Y given X when Y is subject to truncation. Simulations are drawn to illustrate the results for finite samples
Querlioz, Damien. "Phénomènes quantiques et décohérence dans les nano-dispositifs semiconducteurs : étude par une approche Wigner Monte Carlo". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112218.
Testo completoThis work studies the quantum phenomena that appear in nanometer-scaled electron devices. To this aim, Monte Carlo type simulations based on the Wigner-Boltzmann equations are performed. After a presentation of general theory, this equation which allows including collision effects in a quantum transport simulation is proved. The new Wigner Monte Carlo approach to solving it is introduced, and is employed to simulate resonant tunneling diodes (RTD). The results are consistent with Green's functions based calculations and simple experiments. The theory of decoherence is then applied to interpret the results and understand the emergence of semi-classical behavior in nanodevices. Phonon-induced decoherence is compared to the quantum Brownian motion model. The transition between resonant and sequential transport through a quasi-bound state is analyzed. In a RTD, the transition from a quantum active region to semi-classical access regions is observed. Quantum phenomena in the shor test MOSFETs demonstrated in research labs are then studied. A hybrid regime is evidenced, where both quantum transport and collisions play a significant role. Degeneracy effects and decoherence experienced by electrons in MOSFETs are studied. Comparisons with experimental results are then performed. Finally, two studies concerning nanostructures considered for electron devices of the future (carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons) are proposed
Méziani, Katia. "Estimations et tests non paramétriques en tomographie quantique homodyne". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351294.
Testo completoKabui, Ali. "Value at risk et expected shortfall pour des données faiblement dépendantes : estimations non-paramétriques et théorèmes de convergences". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743159.
Testo completoPellet--Mary, Alice. "Réseaux idéaux et fonction multilinéaire GGH13". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN048/document.
Testo completoLattice-based cryptography is a promising area for constructing cryptographic primitives that are plausibly secure even in the presence of quantum computers. A fundamental problem related to lattices is the shortest vector problem (or SVP), which asks to find a shortest non-zero vector in a lattice. This problem is believed to be intractable, even quantumly. Structured lattices, for example ideal lattices or module lattices (the latter being a generalization of the former), are often used to improve the efficiency of lattice-based primitives. The security of most of the schemes based on structured lattices is related to SVP in module lattices, and a very small number of schemes can also be impacted by SVP in ideal lattices.In this thesis, we first focus on the problem of finding short vectors in ideal and module lattices.We propose an algorithm which, after some exponential pre-computation, performs better on ideal lattices than the best known algorithm for arbitrary lattices. We also present an algorithm to find short vectors in rank 2 modules, provided that we have access to some oracle solving the closest vector problem in a fixed lattice. The exponential pre-processing time and the oracle call make these two algorithms unusable in practice.The main scheme whose security might be impacted by SVP in ideal lattices is the GGH13multilinear map. This protocol is mainly used today to construct program obfuscators, which should render the code of a program unintelligible, while preserving its functionality. In a second part of this thesis, we focus on the GGH13 map and its application to obfuscation. We first study the impact of statistical attacks on the GGH13 map and on its variants. We then study the security of obfuscators based on the GGH13 map and propose a quantum attack against multiple such obfuscators. This quantum attack uses as a subroutine an algorithm to find a short vector in an ideal lattice related to a secret element of the GGH13 map
Magnani, Christophe. "Analyse sinusoïdale quadratique de la fonction neuronale". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066639.
Testo completoThe main subject concerns quadratic sinusoidal analysis (QSA) of the nonlinear neuronal function. Four topics are presented. QSA theory is the main result of the thesis, published in J. Comp. Neurosci. (2011). Quadratic analytical equations are established for a multisinusoidal voltage clamp model. This result is generalized to a Hermitian operator representing a second order Volterra kernel in the frequency domain. An experimental method is developed in order to measure the QSA operator of vestibular neurons. The eigenanalysis provides a compact signature of the neuronal behavior. The experimental application of QSA is the result of a team work, published in J. Comp. Neurosci. (2013). The PHN neurons of type B and D from experiments and models are compared through piecewise linear + quadratic analysis. The modeling of nonlinear effects of conductances shows the dendritic origin of the quadratic response. The dendritic hypothesis suggests that voltage clamp nonlinearities come essentially from dendrites. The quantum QSA theory is a mathematical reformulation of QSA, which provides new results compatible with experiments. One obtains a noncommutative interpretation of quadratic currents, a probability amplitude for the quadratic response, and a stochastic interpretation of the quadratic noise measured experimentally. The noncommutative spiking is based on unitary operators of translation and modulation in Gabor analysis. This provides a novel interpretation of the neuronal function in terms of time-frequency shifts in a noncommutative space
Phily, Boris. "Etude de la fonction de corrélation LR dans la QCD à grand nombre de couleurs". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22075.
Testo completoDillinger, Hervé, e Eric Delabaere. "Contribution a la resurgence quantique. Resurgence de voros et fonction spectrale de jost". Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE4463.
Testo completoBOTELLA, GEORGES. "Etude des modifications de l'electroencephalogramme quantifie lors de la realisation des taches cognitives chez le sujet normal". Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE6518.
Testo completoBhatti, Sajjad Haider. "Estimation of the mincerian wage model addressing its specification and different econometric issues". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780563.
Testo completoHOCKER, ANDREAS. "Mesure des fonctions spectrales du lepton et applications a la chromodynamique quantique". Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112436.
Testo completoMasson, Simon. "Algorithmique des courbes destinées au contexte de la cryptographie bilinéaire et post-quantique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0151.
Testo completoThis thesis studies the algorithmic of several cryptographic applications related to elliptic curves and isogenies of elliptic curves. On the one hand, we study the tradeoff between efficiency and security in pairing-based cryptography at the "128"-bit security level. The threat of the recent improvements on the discrete logarithm computation over specific finite fields lead us to study new pairing-friendly curves. We give a comparison of efficiency between our new curves and the state-of-the-art curves by estimating the measurement in practice. On the other and, we present isogeny-based cryptography, considered to be post-quantum resistant. We look at a concrete implementation of cryptanalysis based on connecting ideals between maximal orders of quaternion algebras. Finally, we present two constructions of verifiable delay functions based on computations of pairings and isogenies of large smooth degree. These functions are not considered to be post-quantum resistant, but bring several new properties compared to the current constructions. We analyse their security and give a comparison of all the known functions at the "128"-bit security level
Thommen, Quentin Zehnlé-Dhaoui Véronique Garreau Jean-Claude. "Dynamique quantique dans les potentiels lumineux". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/185.
Testo completoN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3554. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 185-187.
Dekar, Liès. "Etude quantique de modèles avec potentiels et masses spatio-dépendants de types constants par morceaux et de types marches douces". Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0566.
Testo completoBertet, Patrice. "Atomes et Cavité : Complémentarité et Fonctions de Wigner". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002496.
Testo completomécanique quantique. Il prédit que, dans une expérience d'interférométrie, toute
tentative pour déterminer quel chemin la particule choisit entre les deux lames
séparatrices brouille inévitablement les franges d'interférence. Dans ce mémoire,
nous présentons une expérience qui illustre ce principe dans un interféromètre de
Ramsey. Des atomes de Rydberg circulaires sont soumis à deux impulsions micro-onde
résonantes sur une transition atomique, qui jouent le rôle de lames séparatrices en
énergie. On observe alors des franges d'interférence dans la probabilité de détecter
l'atome dans un état donné. Dans notre expérience, l'une des deux impulsions est
effectuée dans le mode d'une cavité supraconductrice. Grâce au couplage fort entre
l'atome et la cavité, nous avons pu effectuer l'impulsion même lorsque le champ dans
la cavité contient très peu de photons en moyenne (N<1, impulsion quantique). Les
franges ont alors un contraste réduit car l'état de la cavité mesure celui de
l'atome au sein de l'interféromètre. Cette mesure est de moins en moins efficace
lorsque N augmente. Le contraste des franges augmente donc, jusqu'à atteindre le
contraste intrinsèque d'un interféromètre de Ramsey classique lorsque N>>1. Un
modèle simple, qui ne tient compte que de l'intrication entre l'atome et la cavité,
reproduit quantitativement les observations. Un des intérêts majeurs du dispositif
d'électrodynamique quantique en cavité est de permettre la génération d'états
non-classiques du champ. Il est alors particulièrement intéressant de les
caractériser complètement. Nous présentons en dernière partie de ce mémoire une
méthode directe pour mesurer la fonction de Wigner d'un état quelconque de la
cavité, et son application à un état de Fock à un photon.
Planat, Mathieu. "Aspects dynamiques des courants autour de la transition quantique-classique". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6166.
Testo completoThis thesis is about the quantum to classical crossover. More specifically, this work is motivated by the derivation of classical electromagnetism from the underlying quantum electrodynamics using the theory of decoherence. To achieve this goal, the use of a framework allowing mixed states for observables is needed in order to take into account the effects of an environment. Observables and phenomena are described here by means of Green's functions. Expectation values of the electromagnetic field and of the electric currents are introduced at space-time resolution which belongs to the quantum domain. These quantities are defined by initial values: they obey retarded equations of motion which can be derived from an action principle and which are obtained at one-loop order. These relations bring in the polarizability of an environment of charges which is studied in vaccuo as well as at finite temperature and density. Finally, decoherence of the electromagnetic field is established by a perturbative calculation of the reduced density matrix for this field. At the microscopic scale, consistency depends on histories which define short life-time collective excitations: this is the mark of a strongly dissipative situation which is necessary if one wants to establish a classical regime within the framework of decoherence
Ben-Dov, Yoav. "Versions de la mécanique quantique sans réduction de la fonction d'onde la théorie d'Everett et l'onde-pilote /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376117927.
Testo completoAllen, Dave. "Étude des chaînes de spins par les méthodes de la théorie quantique des champs". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Cerca il testo completoPoggioli, Luc. "Étude de la fonction de structure du photon Fγ₂(x, Q²) à l'aide du détecteur CELLO". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112264.
Testo completoMABILAT, HUBERT. "Fonctions de correlation en theorie quantique des champs et en physique de la matiere condensee". Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5172.
Testo completoPetitgirard, Emmanuel. "Étude des fonctions de corrélation en théorie quantique des champs à température et densité finies". Chambéry, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CHAMS005.
Testo completoLecoutre, Baptiste. "Transport quantique d'atomes ultra-froids en milieu désordonné : Temps de diffusion élastique et fonctions spectrales". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP060.
Testo completoThis manuscript presents the work of a thesis dealing with the quantum transport of matter-waves in optical disordered potentials. This thesis lies in the context of the experimental study of the critical regime of the Anderson transition separating the localized states of a quantum particle in a disordered potential from its diffusive states. We will first present the fundamental concepts of wave propagation in disordered media to introduce the phenomenon of Anderson localization, for which we will establish the state of the art of its study with ultracold atoms. We will then present our apparatus, generating Bose-Einstein condensates as sources of matter-waves as well as our setup generating a spin-dependant optical disorder. We will focus on the upgrades we brought to our experiment to overcome the limitations previously encountered. After the introduction of these concepts, we will focus on the measurement of the elastic scattering time which is one the elmentary parameters of wave propagation in disorder. We will finish by connecting those measurements to the concept of spectral function, previously measured with our experiment. All those works pave the way to the spectrocopic study of the Anderson transition with ultracold atoms
Bouabça, Thomas. "Introduction d'orbitales corrélées dans les approches Monte-Carlo quantiques". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/847/.
Testo completoQuantum chemistry is the branch of theoretical chemistry which applies quantum mechanics to chemistry. The computation of chemical properties is a huge challenge for many scientific and technological fields. (biochemistry, nanosciences. . . ). Nevertheless, for now, no methods can accurately study any systems according to their size or their nature. Based on a stochastic resolution of the Schrödinger equation, Quantum Monte Carlo methods (QMC) represent an original and efficient way for this matter. They are especially suited for big molecular systems. For instance, QMC methods are known to be the most powerful algorithms for computing total ground-state energies. However, some quantities can still not be properly computed with QMC methods. Thus, one of the main issue that remains is the evaluation of differences of energies. Solving this problem is an important step for QMC methods to be considered as standard ones. Indeed, roughly speaking, differences of energies are at the heart of the whole chemistry : any chemical problem can be interpreted as a difference of energies. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a way to compute those differences with QMC methods. Our approach is particularly motivated by a deep concern : using simple preoptimized wavefunctions. In order to achieve this, we propose here two strategies : First, a new wavefunction is introduced. This wavefunction is composed of preoptimized modular elements. With this new wavefunction, any system can be recomposed piece by piece. Second, a set of coherent wavefunctions is used for a controlled compensation of errors
Bescond, Marc. "Modélisation et simulation du transport quantique dans les transistors MOS nanométriques". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008075.
Testo completoHenry, Laurent. "Les prosomes (proteasomes) au cours de la différenciation cellulaire : quantité, composition et cyto-localisation en fonction de l'inducteur utilisé". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T015.
Testo completoDubertrand, R. "Deux applications du chaos quantique : etude des fonctions d'ondes aleatoires via SLE et description de cavites dielectriques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343367.
Testo completoMoutarde, Hervé. "Contributions Numériques à l'Etude des Fonctions de Green et des Propriétés du Vide de la Chromodynamique Quantique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003120.
Testo completoMoutarde, Hervé. "Contributions numériques à l'étude des fonctions de Green et des propriétés du vide de la chromodynamique quantique". Paris 11, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003120.
Testo completoThis thesis provides a lattice evaluation of the coupling constant of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in Landau gauge, in "Momentum Substraction"- like renormalisation schemes (MOM), from a non-perturbative computation of the three-gluon vertex. This work was achieved with two flavours of Wil- son dynamical quarks. It takes place in a scientific program which already contains a similar analysis in the framework of the "pure gauge" theory. In bath cases, interpreting numerical data requires the introduction of a (A2̂)-condensate using the technics of the operator-product expansion (OPE). The contribution of this power correction is non-negligible till 10 GeV in the "pure gauge" case, but taking it into account gives a satisfactory agreement between the set of "quenched" as well as "unquenched" results with experimental data. Otherwise, this work also suggests a physical mechanism creating a (A2̂)- condensate in the framework of a model of instantons gaz or liquid. Moreover, this picture allows to interpret the behaviour of the strong coupling constant in the deep infra-red region in a consistent way
Dubertrand, Rémy. "Deux applications du chaos quantique : étude des fonctions d'ondes aléatoires via SLE et description de cavités diélectriques". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112354.
Testo completoDuring my thesis we studied two specific problems in quantum chaos. First we confirmed the percolation mod describing the nodal lines of wavefunction of classically chaotic systems. These lines were described via a certain Schrammm Loewner Evolution process and our study agrees with the recent theorem stating that it is linked with the critical percolation. Secondly we generalized results in quantum chaos weil known for closed billiards to open dielectric cavities. We gave general formulas for a slight pertubation of a circular cavity and proposed a generalized trace formula for these systems. We especially gave the first terms of a Weyl expansion in order to count the resonances of a dielectric cavity. These results agree weil with experimental data and numerical simulations. Both these studies show how fundamental and transverse techniques of quantum chaos are for topical problems
Grillet, Corentin. "Simulation du transport quantique dans les transistors en semi-conducteurs III-V". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT020.
Testo completoIn this work, we have implemented numerical methods to simulate III-V semiconductor transistors. Thanks to an eight-band k.p Hamiltonian and the non-equilibrium Green's functions formalism, we were able to account for many of the quantum effects that arise in these nano-scale devices. Indeed, in order to accurately predict their behavior, one must consider the impact of quantum confinement, tunneling, interferences, or electron-phonon interactions, to cite some of them. In our simulations, these phenomena manifest themselves in the form of short-channel effects, energy band shifts, band-to-band and source-to-drain tunneling processes, and also influence scattering events. Additionnaly, the model has been improved by the implementation of strain effects and surface roughness. This allowed us to formulate predicitions about the characteristics of different logic devices in a realistic context. The aim of this work was to look for possible III-V based candidates that could outperform current silicon technology. To carry out this investigation, we have studied different device architectures. First, we simulated a ultra-thin body n-type MOSFET with an In(Ga)As channel. Second, we made a further step towards ultra-scaled devices, by simulating gate-all-around nanowire transistors. Third, we moved to a totally different kind of architecture, by studying a vertical GaSb/AlSb/InAs tunnel-FET device
Amezian, Koutaïba. "Interprétation théorique des phénomènes de capture électronique dans la collision O6+ + He à l'aide des méthodes AB-initio de la physique quantique". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10003.
Testo completoViana, Gomes José Carlos. "Thermométrie et propriétés de cohérence d'un gaz quantique ultra-froid d'hélium métastable". Paris 11, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142413.
Testo completoIn 2001 metastable Helium (He*) attained Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). The metastable state has a lifetime of 9000 sec and an internal energy of 20 eV. This energy can be used to detect individual atoms using a micro-channel plate. The extremely good time response and high gain of this detector makes it possible to carry out a density correlation measurement (HBT) with massive particles similar to the pioneering experiment of R. Hanbury Brown and R. Twiss in optics. In addition, inelastic collisions between He* atoms produce a small but detectable flux of ions proportional to the cloud's density. This allows one to follow the evolution of the cloud's density toward BEC, passing through the phase transition, in real time and in a non invasive way. In this dissertation we report on three different experiments: i) the determination of the two- and three-body ionizing rate constants of He*; ii) the determination of a, the He* scattering length; iii) the measure of the intensity correlation function of a falling He* cloud. It has been shown lately that our measure of a was affected by a large systematic error and we propose a possible explanation. We describe methods to determine the temperature and fugacity of a thermal cloud. Finally a major portion of the thesis is devoted to the derivation of an analytical expression for the intensity correlation function of the atomic flux. This theoretical analysis has derived typical values for the transverse and longitudinal atomic coherence length that confirmed the possibility of performing a HBT experiment with our apparatus
Chaouch, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'estimation non paramétrique des quantiles géométriques et à l'analyse des données fonctionnelles". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364538.
Testo completoAlbert, Clément. "Estimation des limites d'extrapolation par les lois de valeurs extrêmes. Application à des données environnementales". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM079/document.
Testo completoThis thesis takes place in the extreme value statistics framework. It provides three main contributions to this area. The extreme quantile estimation is a two step approach. First, it consists in proposing an extreme value based quantile approximation. Then, estimators of the unknown quantities are plugged in the previous approximation leading to an extreme quantile estimator.The first contribution of this thesis is the study of this previous approximation error. These investigations are carried out using two different kind of estimators, both based on the well-known Generalized Pareto approximation: the Exponential Tail estimator dedicated to the Gumbel maximum domain of attraction and the Weissman estimator dedicated to the Fréchet one.It is shown that the extrapolation error can be interpreted as the remainder of a first order Taylor expansion. Necessary and sufficient conditions are then provided such that this error tends to zero as the sample size increases. Interestingly, in case of the so-called Exponential Tail estimator, these conditions lead to a subdivision of Gumbel maximum domain of attraction into three subsets. In constrast, the extrapolation error associated with Weissmanestimator has a common behavior over the whole Fréchet maximum domain of attraction. First order equivalents of the extrapolation error are thenderived and their accuracy is illustrated numerically.The second contribution is the proposition of a new extreme quantile estimator.The problem is addressed in the framework of the so-called ``log-Generalized Weibull tail limit'', where the logarithm of the inverse cumulative hazard rate function is supposed to be of extended regular variation. Based on this model, a new estimator of extreme quantiles is proposed. Its asymptotic normality is established and its behavior in practice is illustrated on both real and simulated data.The third contribution of this thesis is the proposition of new mathematical tools allowing the quantification of extrapolation limits associated with a real dataset. To this end, we propose estimators of extrapolation errors associated with the Exponentail Tail and the Weissman approximations. We then study on simulated data how these two estimators perform. We finally use these estimators on real datasets to show that, depending on the climatic phenomena,the extrapolation limits can be more or less stringent
Waeytens, Julien. "Contrôle des calculs en dynamique : bornes strictes et pertinentes sur une quantité d'intérêt". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561476.
Testo completoGiraud-berbezier, Aude. "Transport quantique en formalisme des fonctions de Green et interaction électron-photon pour la modélisation de cellules photovoltaïques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4781.
Testo completoThis document present our work on the modeling of quantum transport coupled to electron-photon interaction in a solar cell composed of one quantum dot connected to two semi-infinite quantum wires. The proposed cell based on a dot in a wire, is a concept imagined in order to investigate quantum effects inside 1D structures in contact with 0D ones. The numerical simulation powered on the Merlin cluster (IM2NP) relies on Green’s function formalism. The philosophy of Green’s function formalism is introduced and then applied to the photovoltaic cell. An overview of the functioning of the cell is given. Results on the cell are presented in the wide band limit (approximation that simplifies the contact to wires). We observe an interlinked impact of the tunneling coupling (dot-wires coupling) and the optical coupling (to light) on the current. In the strong tunneling regime, an increase of the tunneling coupling decreases the current and similarly in the strong optical coupling regime, an increase of the optical coupling decreases the current. We investigate the counter-intuitive impact of the tunneling coupling in the strong tunneling regime through analytical calculations, considering only the first loop of the numerical code instead of the whole self-consistent process. We observe a transition in the current creation process while switching from the strong tunneling regime to the strong optical coupling regime. Results on the cell beyond the wide band limit approximation are presented in which the system exhibits another atypical response to illumination: I-V curve exhibits a negative shunt conductance! Finally, a realization proposal for the concept cell is described
Poizat, Didier. "Singularités infrarouges et singularités de masse dans les théories quantiques des champs relativistes à température finie". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4419.
Testo completoHesse, Michel. "Méthode des réseaux de Lagrange en mécanique quantique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211475.
Testo completoLes fonctions de Lagrange sont des fonctions indéfiniment dérivables qui s'annulent en tous les points d'un réseau sauf un. Ces fonctions sont utilisées comme fonctions de base d'un calcul variationnel. Les éléments de matrice de ce calcul sont évalués à l'aide de la règle de quadrature de Gauss définie par le réseau de points. Les équations à résoudre prennent ainsi la forme d'équations sur réseau.
La méthode des réseaux de Lagrange allie simplicité et précision. La matrice représentant le potentiel est diagonale et ne dépend que des valeurs prises par le potentiel aux points du réseau. Contrairement à la méthode des différences finies, une expression analytique est obtenue pour la solution. Nous cherchons clans cette thèse à cerner les avantages et inconvénients de la méthode des réseaux de Lagrange, ainsi qu'à étendre son champ d'application en mécanique quantique. Nous montrons notamment que cette méthode peut être reliée à d'autres méthodes sur réseau, telles que les méthodes de la variable discrétisée (DVR) ou du réseau de Fourier, qui sont fort utilisées en physique atomique et moléculaire.
Dans les problèmes à deux corps, nous appliquons la méthode à l'étude des états liés et nous l'étendons au cas des collisions, c'est-à-dire aux états libres. Une nouvelle technique de calcul de la longueur de diffusion et de la portée effective est également considérée. Dans certains cas, la solution exacte du problème à deux corps existe sous forme analytique, ce qui permet une étude de la précision de la méthode en ce qui concerne les valeurs propres et les vecteurs propres de la matrice hamiltonienne. L'extension de la méthode aux problèmes à deux corps régis par une dynamique semi-relativiste est également examinée.
Dans le cas des problèmes à trois corps, nous effectuons une comparaison entre plusieurs systèmes de coordonnées auxquels sont couplés différents réseaux de Lagrange. Les résultats de cette comparaison dépendent de la présence de singularités dans les potentiels, celles-ci pouvant limiter fortement la précision de la méthode.
En physique nucléaire, nous comparons deux approches sur réseaux de Lagrange lors de l'étude de l'état fondamental du noyau 6He. Il s'agit d'un noyau à halo de neutrons, pour lequel il existe une forte probabilité de trouver deux des neutrons loin des autres nucléons. Le noyau 6He peut ainsi être traité comme un système à trois corps, constitué d'une particule alpha et de deux neutrons. Nous étendons également le modèle à trois corps pour ce noyau au cas d'interactions à deux corps plus générales, c'est-à-dire contenant différents opérateurs agissant sur les spins des nucléons.
En physique atomique et moléculaire, où les interactions sont, en première approximation, purement coulombiennes, nous nous sommes intéressé aux états S et P des principaux systèmes à trois corps que sont l'atome d'hélium He, les ions hydrogène H-et positronium Ps-, l'ion moléculaire d'hydrogène HZ et la molécule muonique dt"mu". Les fonctions d'onde approchées obtenues lors de la détermination des états liés sont utilisées pour évaluer des rayons quadratiques moyens et les rayons de masse de ces systèmes.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Harb, Mahdi. "Microscopie de fonction d’onde électronique". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10150/document.
Testo completoThis work of thesis aims to visualize, on a position sensitive detector, the spatial oscillations of slow electrons (~meV) emitted by a threshold photoionization in the presence of an external electric field. The interference figure obtained represents the square magnitude of electronic wavefunction. This fundamental work allows us to have access to the electronic dynamics and thus to highlight several quantum mechanisms that occur at the atomic scale (field Coulomb, electron/electron interaction..). Despite the presence an electronic core in Li atom, we have succeeded, experimentally and for the first time, to visualize the wave function associated with the quasi-discrete Stark states coupled to the ionization continuum. Besides, using simulations of wave packet propagation, based on the "Split-operator” method, we have conducted a comprehensive study of the H, Li and Cs atoms while revealing the significant effects of the Stark resonances. A very good agreement, on and off resonances, was obtained between simulated and experimental results. In addition, we have developed a generalized analytical model to understand deeply the function of VMI spectrometer. This model is based on the paraxial approximation; it is based on matrix optics calculation by making an analogy between the electronic trajectory and the light beam. An excellent agreement was obtained between the model predictions and the experimental results
Virchaux, Marc. "Mesure de fonctions de structure par diffusion inelastique de muons sur cible de carbone : tests de la chromodynamique quantique". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077207.
Testo completoVirchaux, Marc. "Mesure de fonctions de structure par diffusion inélastique de muons sur cible de carbone tests de la chromodynamique quantique /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619160w.
Testo completoThommen, Quentin. "Dynamique quantique dans les potentiels lumineux". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009871.
Testo completoOuraou, Ahmimed. "Mesure des fonctions de structure du proton par diffusion inélastique de muons sur cible d'hydrogène et tests de la chromodynamique quantique". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112118.
Testo completoLemoigne, Yves. "Hadro-production d'états CHI du charmonium auprès du SPS". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112333.
Testo completoThe observation of hadroproduced charmonium CHI states requires a good resolution to disentangle states of similar masses (45 MeV of difference for masses larger than 3500 MeV). The WA11 experiment was able to distinguish the two CHI (3510) and CHI(3555) states, measure their cross – sections in π – beryllium at 185 GeV/c and give a ratio of contribution of this to J /ψ production (17,7 % and 12,8 % respectively). A refined analysis of CHI – states events has shown different processes the π – production of these states. At 185 GeV/c, the CHI (3555) comes mainly from gluon – gluon fusion, but the x(3510) is equally produced by quark – antiquark fusion and gluon – gluon fusion. One finds that different graphs can be envisaged, both in colour conservation as well as in colour evaporation, to contribute to charmonium state production given by simple counting rules (∝s², ∝s³,…etc. ). Using our data at 185 GeV/c and the usual structure function (like the DUKE – OWEN’s ones), we are able to compute the J/ ψ, CHI₁ and CHI ² π – production at any other S. P. S. Energy. This calculation gives values in agreement with results from the « Ω » group (for CHI), at GeV/c