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Mahesh, Hanumanthappa, Modadugu Dimple Abhinaya Sri, Vakala Naga Sindhu, Mandala Koushitha Reddy e Kummari Harika. "ACHIEVING OPTIMAL FLIGHT DELAY PREDICTION AND ERROR CALCULATION USING MACHINE CLASSIFIERS". Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Optimization 14, n. 02 (2023): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/jnao.2023.v14i2.0171-0181.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Flight delays are one of the main issues facing the aviation industry. Increased air traffic as a consequence of the aviation industry's expansion throughout the last two decades has led to flight delays. Flight delays not only waste time and money, but they also have an adverse effect on the environment. Airlines that operate commercial flights suffer huge losses as a result of flight delays. As a result, they make all necessary steps to prevent or minimize flight disruptions and delays. In this research, we apply algorithms based on machine learning to forecast when a specific flight's arrival will be postponed or not, including logistic regression, decision tree regression, bayesian ridge, random forest regression, and gradient boosting regression.
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Ren, Ye-Song, Bin Zhang, Yang Zeng e Dao-Hong Zhu. "Effects of Flight on Reproductive Development in Long-Winged Female Crickets (Velarifictorus aspersus Walker; Orthoptera: Gryllidae) with Differences in Flight Behavior". Insects 14, n. 1 (12 gennaio 2023): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A trade-off between the capacity for flight and reproduction has been documented extensively in wing polymorphic female insects, thereby supporting the possible fitness gain due to flightlessness. However, most of these studies were conducted without considering the effect of flight behavior. In the present study, we assessed the flight duration by long-winged (LW) females in the cricket species Velarifictorus aspersus on different days after adult emergence and examined the effect of flight on ovarian development in LW females with different flight capacities. Our results showed that the flight capacity increased with age and peaked after 5 days. In addition, the flight capacity varied among individuals, where most LW females could only take short flights (sustained flight time < 10 min) and only a few individuals could take long flights (sustained flight time > 20 min). In LW female crickets demonstrating only short flights, repeated flying for 30 or 60 min significantly promoted reproductive development. However, in those capable of long flights, reproductive development was affected only after a flight of 60 min. The flight muscles degraded after the start of rapid reproduction in those with both short and long flights. Our results indicated that the critical flight time for switching from flight to reproduction varies among LW V. aspersus female crickets with polymorphic flight behavior.
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Hu, Yusheng, Jinlin Li e Lun Ran. "Dynamic Pricing for Airline Revenue Management under Passenger Mental Accounting". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/836434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mental accounting is a far-reaching concept, which is often used to explain various kinds of irrational behaviors in human decision making process. This paper investigates dynamic pricing problems for single-flight and multiple flights settings, respectively, where passengers may be affected by mental accounting. We analyze dynamic pricing problems by means of the dynamic programming method and obtain the optimal pricing strategies. Further, we analytically show that the passenger mental accounting depth has a positive effect on the flight’s expected revenue for the single flight and numerically illustrate that the passenger mental accounting depth has a positive effect on the optimal prices for the multiple flights.
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McDuie, Fiona, Michael L. Casazza, David Keiter, Cory T. Overton, Mark P. Herzog, Cliff L. Feldheim e Joshua T. Ackerman. "Moving at the speed of flight: dabbling duck-movement rates and the relationship with electronic tracking interval". Wildlife Research 46, n. 6 (2019): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Context Effective wildlife management requires information on habitat and resource needs, which can be estimated with movement information and modelling energetics. One necessary component of avian models is flight speeds at multiple temporal scales. Technology has limited the ability to accurately assess flight speeds, leading to estimates of questionable accuracy, many of which have not been updated in almost a century. Aims We aimed to update flight speeds of ducks, and differentiate between migratory and non-migratory flight speeds, a detail that was unclear in previous estimates. We also analysed the difference in speeds of migratory and non-migratory flights, and quantified how data collected at different temporal intervals affected estimates of flight speed. Methods We tracked six California dabbling duck species with high spatio-temporal resolution GPS–GSM transmitters, calculated speeds of different flight types, and modelled how estimates varied by flight and data interval (30min to 6h). Key results Median migratory speeds were faster (but non-significant) for the larger mallard (Anas platyrhynchos; 82.5kmh–1), northern pintail (Anas acuta; 79.0kmh–1) and gadwall (Mareca strepera; 70.6kmh–1), than the smaller-bodied northern shoveler (Spatula clypeata; 65.7kmh–1), cinnamon teal (Spatula cyanoptera; 63.5kmh–1) and American wigeon (Mareca Americana; 52kmh–1). Migratory flights were faster than non-migratory flights for all species and speeds were consistently slower with an increasing data interval. Implications The need to balance time and energy requirements may drive different speeds for migratory and non-migratory flights. Lower speeds at longer intervals are likely to be due to a greater proportion of ‘loafing’ time included in flighted segments, demonstrating that data acquired at different intervals provide a means to evaluate and estimate behaviours that influence speed estimation. Shorter-interval data should be the most accurate, but longer-interval data may be easier to collect over lengthier timeframes, so it may be expedient to trade-off a degree of accuracy in broad-scale studies for the larger dataset. Our updated flight speeds for dabbling duck species can be used to parameterise and validate energetics models, guide management decisions regarding optimal habitat distribution, and, ultimately, improve conservation management of wetlands for waterfowl.
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Dermadi, Yedi, Shinta Devi Lukitasari e Annisaa Nurhayati. "Weather Analysis of Flight Delay at Husein Sastranegara Airport". ITEJ (Information Technology Engineering Journals) 4, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2019): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/itej.v4i2.31.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Flight is an activity that is very vulnerable to weather conditions. The accuracy of weather information strongly supports flight activities. The effects of bad weather on flights include flight delays and flight cancellations. Based on data on flight delays from the Directorate General of Air Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation from January to March 2019 at Husein Sastranegara Airport, it is known that 20-30% of flight delays are caused by weather constraints. To estimate flight delays based on weather forecasts, weather data analysis is carried out to determine the type of weather that is endangering flights and causing flight delays. The analysis was carried out using the K-NN and Random Forest algorithms
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Takahashi, Hidemi, Mitsuru Kurita, Hidetoshi Iijima e Monami Sasamori. "Interpolation of Turbulent Boundary Layer Profiles Measured in Flight Using Response Surface Methodology". Applied Sciences 8, n. 11 (21 novembre 2018): 2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112320.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Turbulent boundary layer profiles on the aircraft surface were characterized by pitot-rake measurements conducted in flight experiments at high subsonic Mach number ranges. Due to slight variations in atmospheric air conditions or aircraft attitudes, such as angles of attack and absolute flight speeds at different flights even under the same premised flight conditions, the boundary layer profiles measured at different flights can exhibit different shape and velocity values. This concern leads to difficulty in evaluating the efficiency of using some kind of drag-controlling device such as riblets in the flight test, since the evaluation would be conducted by comparing the profiles measured with and without using riblets at different flights. An approach was implemented to interpolate the boundary layer profile for a flight condition of interest based on the response surface method, in order to eliminate the influence of the flight conditional difference. Results showed that the interpolation with the 3rd-degree response surface model with a combination of two independent variables of flight Mach number and total pressure successfully eliminated the influence of the flight conditional difference, and interpolated the boundary layer profiles measured at different flights within an inaccuracy of 4.1% for the flight Mach number range of 0.5 to 0.78.
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Hoddle, Mark S., Christina D. Hoddle e Ivan Milosavljević. "Quantification of the Life Time Flight Capabilities of the South American Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)". Insects 12, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020126.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The life time flight capabilities of an invasive palm pest, Rhynchophorus palmarum, were assessed using flight mill assays under controlled conditions in the laboratory. A total of 101 weevils were used for experiments and subjected to repeat flight assays. A total of 17 flight trials were run, of which the first 14 provided useful data prior to weevil death. Male and female weevils exhibited a strong capacity for repeat long distance flights. Flight metrics of interest were not affected by weevil sex or mating status. Cumulative lifetime flight distances for male and female R. palmarum averaged ~268 km and ~220 km, respectively. A maximum lifetime cumulative flight distance of ~758 km and ~806 km was recorded for one male of unknown mating status and one unmated female weevil, respectively. Dispersal data for individual flights (i.e., trials 1 through 9, 10–14 combined) and all flight trial data (i.e., flights 1–14 combined) exhibited platykurtic distributions. The results presented here may have important implications for modeling the spread of this invasive pest and for the development of monitoring and management plans.
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Zheng, Zhe, Wenbin Wei e Minghua Hu. "A Comparative Analysis of Delay Propagation on Departure and Arrival Flights for a Chinese Case Study". Aerospace 8, n. 8 (4 agosto 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8080212.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, flight delay costs the air transportation industry millions of dollars and has become a systematic problem. Understanding the behavior of flight delay is thus critical. This paper focuses on how flight delay is affected by operation-, time-, and weather-related factors. Different econometric models are developed to analyze departure and arrival delay. The results show that compared to departure delay, arrival delay is more likely to be affected by previous delays and the buffer effect. Block buffer presents a reduction effect seven times greater than turnaround buffer in terms of flight delays. Departure flights suffer more delays from convective weather than arrival flights. Convective weather at the destination airport for flight delay has a greater impact than at the original airport. In addition, sensitivity analysis of flight delays from an aircraft utilization perspective is conducted. We find that the effect of delay propagation on flight delay differs by aircraft utilization. This impact on departure delay is greater than the impact on arrival delay. In general, specific to the order of flights, the previous delay increases the impact on flight on-time performance as a flight flies a later leg. Buffer time has opposite effects on departure and arrival delay, with the order increasing. A decrease in buffer time with the order increasing, however, still has a greater reduction effect on departure delay than arrival delay. Specific to the number of flights operated by an aircraft, the more flights an aircraft flies in a day, the more the on-time performance of those flights will suffer from the previous delay and buffer time generally.
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Lee, Seung Yong, Paul Bates, Patrick Murray e Wayne Martin. "Training Flight Accidents". Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 7, n. 2 (settembre 2017): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Civil aviation is broadly categorized into two sectors: air transportation and general aviation. While the former sector is considered to be ultrasafe the latter requires a stronger focus on safety improvement. There has been considerable research examining the causes of general aviation accidents with a view to improving safety. However, there has been very limited research specifically focused on accidents involving training flights and associated causal factors. A total of 293 training flight accident reports, comprising 111 fatal and 182 nonfatal accidents were reviewed and analyzed to identify causes of training-flight accidents. The study found that based on the odds ratio, if a fatal accident involving training flights occurred it was 4.05 times more likely to be a dual training flight. Other findings included that most accidents occurred during the landing phase and the majority of accidents related to skill deficiency (e.g., an improper/inadequate flare). This was a major causal factor in nonfatal accidents in both dual and solo training flights. However, on dual training flights there were more fatal accidents involving decision deficiencies and mechanical malfunctions (e.g., loss of engine power). A previous study suggested that lack of supervision of student pilots by flight instructors was found to be a main causal factor and thus flight instructor training and recurrency requirements need to be reviewed.
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Harada, Akinori, Tooru Ezaki, Tomoaki Wakayama e Koichi Oka. "Air Traffic Efficiency Analysis of Airliner Scheduled Flights Using Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems Open Data". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (7 giugno 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2734763.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The increase in air traffic worldwide requires improvement of flight operational efficiency. This study aims to reveal the potential benefits, namely, savings on fuel consumption and flight time, which are expected for Japanese airspace, by statistically evaluating the operational efficiency defined by average differences of fuel consumption, flight time, and flight distance between the original and the optimized flight of domestic flights in Japan. The aircraft position and time data used in this study were obtained from Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems Open Data—the radar data released by the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau. Flight information, such as air data and fuel flow, is estimated by applying meteorological data and aircraft performance model to the position information of radar data. Each reconstructed trajectory is optimized in terms of flight fuel consumption and flight time with an assumed cost index (CI). Dynamic programming is used as the trajectory optimization method. The flight fuel consumption and flight time of the optimized flight are compared with the original values to evaluate the operational efficiency. Herein, approximately one-third of 1-day data, i.e., 1087 cases of four aircraft types, are analyzed with reasonable CI settings. Our research findings suggest that flight fuel consumption and flight distance can be saved by 312 kg and 19.7 km, respectively, on average for the object flights. Following a statistical comparison between the original and the optimized flights, it was observed that two types of features, namely, flying on a detoured path and flying with nonoptimal altitude and speed in the cruise phase, are major factors which deteriorate the total operational efficiency in terms of fuel consumption, flight time, and flight distance.
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Keith, Ross, e Stephen M. Leyton. "An Experiment to Measure the Value of Statistical Probability Forecasts for Airports". Weather and Forecasting 22, n. 4 (1 agosto 2007): 928–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf988.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The economic value of weather forecasts for airports for commercial aviation is investigated by introducing financial data into the decision-making process for fuel carriage by aircraft. Using specific operating costs for a given flight, an optimal decision probability threshold can be calculated that identifies whether that flight should carry extra fuel, in case of adverse weather conditions and subsequent diversion. Forecasts of these adverse conditions can then be applied to a critical threshold to make a real-time decision regarding the carriage of additional fuel. This study focuses on forecasts of low ceiling and/or reduced visibility and their corresponding impact on forecast value for flights arriving at three major airports in the United States. Eighteen daily flights by American Airlines were examined during a 14-month period, a total of approximately 7500 flights. Using operating cost data from this period, a critical decision threshold was derived for each daily flight. Two sets of forecasts, statistically derived probabilistic forecasts and National Weather Service terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAFs), were then applied to each flight’s fuel carriage decision-making process. The probabilistic forecasts, which utilize regional surface observations, were generated for the destination airport with a lead time appropriate to the airline’s flight planning time. If the forecast probability of adverse weather was greater than the critical decision threshold for a given flight, then additional fuel was deemed necessary for that flight. The categorical TAFs that corresponded timewise to the developed probabilistic forecasts were obtained for each location. For this study, a categorical “yes” forecast denotes the expectation that the visibility and/or cloud ceiling conditions are such that extra fuel is required, while a categorical “no” forecast does not require extra fuel. The analysis presented herein indicates that by using statistical, probabilistic forecasts rather than categorical forecasts, a significant saving is made in operating costs. This is probably because of a more optimal balance between false alarms and misses for each flight, rather than more “accurate” forecasts per se. This is the mechanism by which probabilistic forecasts create value, rather than increasing the number of hits and correct rejections and/or decreasing the number of false alarms and misses. For each of the flights investigated in this study, the total cost of using probabilistic forecasts was less than that of using TAFs. An average of $23,000 is saved per flight during this 14-month period. Projecting these figures over all American Airlines flights, a potential annual savings of approximately $50 million in operating costs would be realized by using probabilistic forecasts of adverse landing weather conditions instead of the traditional TAF.
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Takahashi, Hidemi, Mitsuru Kurita, Hidetoshi Iijima e Seigo Koga. "Time-Series-Data Interpolation Applied to Boundary-Layer Profiles Measured on Different Flights". Aerospace 10, n. 4 (23 marzo 2023): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10040322.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Turbulent boundary-layer profiles on an aircraft surface were measured during flight by pitot rakes in an experiment at subsonic speeds. Because separate flights have different flight sequences in terms of time, it is not easy to compare boundary-layer profiles measured on different flights with the corresponding premised conditions directly. Using one flight as a reference, this paper proposes a method to find the closest flight condition for each time instance from data from other flights by calculating a residual norm in combinations of flight variables. The results show that the proposed method successfully finds the best matches of the time instances from the second flight with those of the first flight. In addition, applying the interpolation method using response surface methodology further improves the accuracy of evaluation in the flight range of Mach 0.4 to Mach 0.8. The total uncertainty level of the proposed interpolation method was found to be 5.7%. Although this level of uncertainty is expected to be reduced, the effectiveness of the proposed interpolation method was presented in conjunction with an evaluation of its applicability to determine the riblet effect in reducing skin-friction drag qualitatively.
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Yang, Zi-Yi, e Rong-Jiun Sheu. "EFFECTS OF FLIGHT ROUTE VARIATION AND GREAT-CIRCLE APPROXIMATION ON AVIATION DOSE ASSESSMENT FOR POPULAR FLIGHTS FROM TAIWAN". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, n. 1 (31 ottobre 2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncy186.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Galactic cosmic-ray-induced secondary particles in the atmosphere constitute an important source of radiation exposure to airline crews and passengers. In this study, a systematic dose assessment was conducted for 11 popular flights from Taiwan, with an emphasis on the effects of flight route variation and assumption. The case studies covered a broad range of commercial flights departing from Taipei, from a domestic flight of <1 h to a long-haul international flight of more than 14 h. For each route under study, information on 100 actual flight routes was retrieved from flight tracking data collected from June to September 2017, and the information was analyzed using a self-developed program called the ‘NTHU Flight Dose Calculator’. The resulting distribution of route doses provided not only the mean value and associated standard deviation but also information on the characteristics of aviation dose assessment and management. Furthermore, compared with actual flight routes, the dose differences introduced by great-circle approximation were evaluated, and the effects of solar activity on the dose assessment of these flights were reported.
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Wang, Zicheng. "Research on key factors of flight delays in the United States based on data mining". Applied and Computational Engineering 55, n. 1 (10 luglio 2024): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/55/20241522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Flight delays in the United States pose a significant global challenge. With the continuous growth of the aviation industry, the increasing number of flights raises demands on transportation infrastructure, making flight delay a serious challenge affecting the aviation industry and passengers. Through comparative analysis, we found that the average flight duration and departure times of delayed flights were significantly later than those of non-delayed flights. Additionally, the delay rates were highest in California and lowest in Texas for both departure and arrival locations. Using cluster analysis, major airlines in the United States were classified into three categories. Factor analysis was employed to analyse the correlations among different factors. Logistic regression revealed a positive correlation between departure times, flight durations, and flight delays. Conversely, the day of the week showed a negative correlation with flight delays. These studies provide practical insights for improving flight punctuality and enhancing the aviation transportation system. This, in turn, aids airlines in optimizing operations and mitigating the adverse impacts of delays on the economy and passengers.
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Sanguinetti, Angela, e Nina Amenta. "Nudging Consumers Toward Greener Air Travel by Adding Carbon to the Equation in Online Flight Search". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2676, n. 2 (18 ottobre 2021): 788–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211046924.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study explores the potential to promote lower-emissions air travel by providing consumers with information about the carbon emissions of alternative flight choices in the context of online flight search and booking. We surveyed over 450 employees of the University of California, Davis, asking them to choose among hypothetical flight options for university-related business trips. Emissions estimates for flight alternatives were prominently displayed alongside cost, layovers, and airport, and the lowest-emissions flight was labeled “Greenest Flight.” We found an impressive rate of willingness to pay for lower-emissions flights: around $200/ton of CO2e saved, a magnitude higher than that seen in carbon offsets programs, and consistent with findings from a prior study with a non-university-based sample. In a second step of analysis, we estimated the carbon and cost impacts if the university were to adopt a flight-search interface that prioritizes carbon emissions information and displays alternatives from multiple regional airports in their employee travel-booking portal. We estimated potential annual savings of 79 tons of CO2e, while reducing airfare costs by $56,000, mainly through an increased willingness of travelers to take advantage of cheaper nonstop (lower-emissions) flights from a more distant airport in the region over indirect flights from their preferred airport for medium-distance flights. Institutionalizing this strategy within organizations with large travel budgets could reduce personal and organizational carbon footprints. If implemented across major flight-search engines, it could potentially reduce the demand for higher-emissions flights, leading to an industry-wide impact on aviation emissions.
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Осипов, Александр Андреевич. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING FLIGHT SAFETY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLIGHT TASKS FOR TEST FLIGHTS". ПРОБЛЕМЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПОЛЕТОВ, n. 9 (2 luglio 2024): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36535/0235-5000-2023-09-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
В статье рассмотрены нормативные и организационноправовые меры обеспечения безопасности полетов, применяемые организациями, проводящими летные испытания. Сделаны выводы о влиянии качества проработки полетного задания на безопасность полетов при проведении летных испытаний. Предложена архитектура автоматизированной системы разработки полетного задания на испытательные полеты. Описаны способы ее практической реализации. Сделаны выводы о значимости автоматизированной разработки полетного задания при обеспечении безопасности испытательных полетов. The article discusses the regulatory and organizational-legal measures to ensure flight safety used by organizations conducting flight tests. Conclusions are drawn about the impact of the quality of flight task development on flight safety during flight tests. The architecture of an automated system for developing a flight task for test flights is proposed. The ways of its practical implementation are described. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of automated development of a flight task in ensuring the safety of test flights.
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Guo, Ziyu, Guangxu Mei, Shijun Liu, Li Pan, Lei Bian, Hongwu Tang e Diansheng Wang. "SGDAN—A Spatio-Temporal Graph Dual-Attention Neural Network for Quantified Flight Delay Prediction". Sensors 20, n. 22 (11 novembre 2020): 6433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226433.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There has been a lot of research on flight delays. But it is more useful and difficult to estimate the departure delay time especially three hours before the scheduled time of departure, from which passengers can reasonably plan their travel time and the airline and airport staff can schedule flights more reasonably. In this paper, we develop a Spatio-temporal Graph Dual-Attention Neural Network (SGDAN) to learn the departure delay time for each flight with real-time conditions at three hours before the scheduled time of departure. Specifically, it first models the air traffic network as graph sequences, what is, using a heterogeneous graph to model a flight and its adjacent flights with the same departure or arrival airport in a special time interval, and using a sequence to model the flight and its previous flights that share the same aircraft. The main contributions of this paper are using heterogeneous graph-level attention to learn the influence between the flight and its adjacent flight together with sequence-level attention to learn the influence between the flight and its previous flight in the flight sequence. With aggregating features from the learned influence from both graph-level and sequence-level attention, SGDAN can generate node embedding to estimate the departure delay time. Experiments on a real-world large-scale data set show that SGDAN produces better results than state-of-the-art models in the accurate flight delay time estimation task.
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Harjono, Okky Sukmawati, Javensius Sembiring e Hisar Manongam Pasaribu. "Stochastic Modelling of Aircraft Ground Time at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport". Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 35, n. 2 (16 gennaio 2024): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v35i2.2312.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ground time plays an important role in keeping flight on-time performance and passenger smooth flow. It varies depending on the aircraft type, procedures, passenger number and/or cargo amount, maintenance requirements, and ground handling service quality. This research aims to explore the ground time distribution pattern at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. The daily flight historical data is divided into several categories based on the airline’s service type for local airlines, the airline’s origin for foreign airlines, the type of flight, and aircraft size. Ground time data of each flight category is then fitted to all possible distribution types by using the Distribution Fitting app in Matlab. The best-fitted distribution definition uses the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test by comparing the p-value of each distribution. 6 distributions fit 20 flight categories. Almost all local airlines’ ground time except full-service carrier international flights and low-cost carrier international flights with wide-body aircraft fit to Burr distribution. Full-service carrier international flight with narrow and wide-body aircraft, international flight with narrow-body aircraft operated by airlines from China and other countries fit Generalized Extreme Value distribution. Low-cost carrier international flights with wide-body aircraft and private flights fit to Inverse Gaussian distribution. International flights with wide-body aircraft operated by airlines from Korea, Japan, and other countries airlines fit for Nakagami distribution. While the cargo flights fit t Location-Scale distribution for wide-body aircraft and Weibull distribution for narrow-body aircraft. Then the stochastic models are developed based on each flight category’s distribution parameters. These models are expected to be able to guide future research in ground time or apron capacity management as they provide the data distribution without more primary data needed.
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Yilmaz, Mustafa Kemal, Gozde Erbudak e Sema Gunduz. "An exploration of the causes and effects of flight attendant fatigue in Turkish aviation". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, n. 5 (29 giugno 2022): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i5.1888.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rapid growth in civil aviation operations in recent years has raised expectations from flight attendants. Their duties have been intensified, and flight attendants have become subject to physical and mental fatigue due to irregular sleep, inadequate rest time, and long working hours. This study investigates the causes and effects of fatigue among flight attendants of a Turkish airline company through a self-administrated questionnaire. The survey is run online by 152 flight attendants. The results show that flight attendants have trouble falling asleep before flight duty. Before night flights and during layovers, the sleep duration is dramatically low. The results also reveal that factors related to scheduling, i.e., long duty days, night flights, and consecutive working days, play an essential role in fatigue. Thus, airline companies should revise their scheduling practices. In balancing work and social life, men struggle more than women, and married flight attendants have more difficulty than single ones. The findings provide valuable insights for airline companies and policymakers to seriously manage fatigue-related factors to ensure the safety of aviation operations and the well-being of flight attendants.
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Epstein, Catherine R., James M. Forbes, Christopher L. Futter, Ian M. Hosegood, Russell G. Brown e Andre AJ Van Zundert. "Frequency and clinical spectrum of in-flight medical incidents during domestic and international flights". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 47, n. 1 (gennaio 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x18811748.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most medical practitioners are not specifically trained to diagnose or manage in-flight medical incidents, yet there may occur a moral obligation to do so when least expected. We felt that knowledge of the frequency of emergency versus non-serious medical incidents, in addition to the clinical spectrum of incidents most often encountered, would be of interest to medical practitioners and, in particular, critical care physicians, who happen to find themselves asked to assist with such events. To this end we collaborated with the Department of Medical Services of a major Australian airline to define the incidence, severity, and type of all in-flight medical events encountered over the course of a year’s flights. We audited in-flight medical data collected over a continuous 12-month period, which covered 131,890 international and domestic flight sectors transporting more than 27 million passengers. There was an average of 296 medical events per month (3555 in total) making the per-flight incidence of a medical event approximately 1:40 (2.7%). Of these in-flight incidents, 915 (26%) were graded as emergencies, with the commonest descriptors of such incidents being either loss of consciousness (37%) or a suspected cardiovascular event (12%). Six of these 915 emergencies proved fatal. Twenty-one flights were diverted due to medical incidents (<0.016% of all flights), with 52% of these attributed to suspected cardiac events. In this series, medical in-flight events were recorded in approximately one in 40 flights, whereas medical emergencies occurred in approximately one in 150 flights.
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Lewis, Bridget A., Valerie J. Gawron, Ehsan Esmaeilzadeh, Ralf H. Mayer, Felipe Moreno-Hines, Neil Nerwich e Paulo M. Alves. "Data-Driven Estimation of the Impact of Diversions Due to In-Flight Medical Emergencies on Flight Delay and Aircraft Operating Costs". Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2021): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5720.2021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
INTRODUCTION: In-flight medical emergencies (IFMEs) average 1 of every 604 flights and are expected to increase as the population ages and air travel increases. Flight diversions, or the rerouting of a flight to an alternate destination, occur in 2 to 13% of IFME cases, but may or may not be necessary as determined after the fact. Estimating the effect of IFME diversions compared to nonmedical diversions can be expected to improve our understanding of their impact and allow for more appropriate decision making during IFMEs.METHODS: The current study matched multiple disparate datasets, including medical data, flight plan and track data, passenger statistics, and financial data. Chi-squared analysis and independent samples t-tests compared diversion delays and costs metrics between flights diverted for medical vs. nonmedical reasons. Data were restricted to domestic flights between 1/1/2018 and 6/30/2019.RESULTS: Over 70% of diverted flights recover (continue on to their intended destination after diverting); however, flights diverted due to IFMEs recover more often and more quickly than do flights diverted for nonmedical reasons. IFME diversions introduce less delay overall and cost less in terms of direct operating costs and passenger value of time (averaging around 38,000) than do flights diverted for nonmedical reasons.DISCUSSION: Flights diverted due to IFMEs appear to have less impact overall than do flights diverted for nonmedical reasons. However, the lack of information related to costs for nonrecovered flights and the decision factors involved during nonmedical diversions hinders our ability to offer further insights.Lewis BA, Gawron VJ, Esmaeilzadeh E, Mayer RH, Moreno-Hines F, Nerwich N, Alves PM. Data-driven estimation of the impact of diversions due to in-flight medical emergencies on flight delay and aircraft operating costs. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):99105.
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Zhao, Diana, Stephanie Cheng, Fuchiang R. Tsui, Maya B. Mathur e Chih-Hung Jason Wang. "The Risk of Aircraft-Acquired SARS-CoV-2 Transmission during Commercial Flights: A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, n. 6 (21 maggio 2024): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060654.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aircraft-acquired transmission of SARS-CoV-2 poses a public health risk. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and analysis of articles, published prior to vaccines being available, from 24 January 2020 to 20 April 2021 to identify factors important for transmission. Articles were included if they mentioned index cases and identifiable flight duration, and excluded if they discussed non-commercial aircraft, airflow or transmission models, cases without flight data, or that were unable to determine in-flight transmission. From the 15 articles selected for in-depth review, 50 total flights were analyzed by flight duration both as a categorical variable—short (<3 h), medium (3–6 h), or long flights (>6 h)—and as a continuous variable with case counts modeled by negative binomial regression. Compared to short flights without masking, medium and long flights without masking were associated with 4.66-fold increase (95% CI: [1.01, 21.52]; p < 0.0001) and 25.93-fold increase in incidence rates (95% CI: [4.1, 164]; p < 0.0001), respectively; long flights with enforced masking had no transmission reported. A 1 h increase in flight duration was associated with 1.53-fold (95% CI: [1.19, 1.66]; p < 0.001) increase in the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of cases. Masking should be considered for long flights.
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Cuadrado, Mariano. "Flycatching behaviour in some passerines during the late breeding season at Ammarnäs, Swedish Lapland". Ornis Svecica 4, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1994): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v4.23029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many passerines have been recorded flycatching in the late breeding season in northern Swedish forests. In this paper, I analyze how flight energy costs according to Minimum Energy Power (sensu Pennycuick 1989) correlated with flycatching behaviour. Species included are (with increasing rank of flight energy cost): Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata, Whinchat Saxicola rubetra, Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava, Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus, Brambling Fringilla montifringilla, and White Wagtail Motacilla alba. On average, birds performed 0.6–2.3 flights/30s and captured from 0 up to 10 prey per flight. Number of prey captured per flight varied significantly among species (from 0.8 to 1.1 prey). The efficiency of capturing prey (percentage of successful single capture flights) also varied between species, from 72% in the Whinchat to 97% in the White Wagtail. The percentage of multi-capture flights did not, however, vary. In two species, the multi-capture flights significantly reduced the time spent flying per prey. Flight energy costs were positively correlated with flycatching rate and number of prey captured per flight. The extensive use of flycatching is interpreted as an opportunistic response to local super-abundance of highly rewarding prey, mostly insects Isoperla grammatica, O. Plecoptera, during a period of presumed high energetic demands by birds.
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Chen, Jiu Sheng, e Xiao Yu Zhang. "Modeling of Flight Arrival Scheduling Based on Fuzzy Programming". Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (marzo 2013): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.995.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The issue of flight arrival in civil airport is a typical problem of discrete event dynamic system. IN Time is a random variable. According to the characteristics of arrival flights, flight delay cost as objective function, the fuzzy model for scheduling arrival flights is established. In the case of growing air traffic, the model is a better opinion for scientific optimum ordering matter in air traffic control system. It can improve flight operation on time.
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Gómez-López, José Miguel, José Luis Pérez-García, Antonio Tomás Mozas-Calvache e Jorge Delgado-García. "Mission Flight Planning of RPAS for Photogrammetric Studies in Complex Scenes". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n. 6 (16 giugno 2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060392.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study describes a new approach to Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS) photogrammetric mission flight planning. In this context, we have identified different issues appearing in complex scenes or difficulties caused by the project requirements in order to establish those functions or tools useful for resolving them. This approach includes the improvement of some common photogrammetric flight operations and the proposal of new flight schemas for some scenarios and practical cases. Some examples of these specific schemas are the combined flight (which includes characteristics of a classical block flight and a corridor flight in only one mission) and a polygon extrusion mode to be used for buildings and vertical objects, according to the International Committee of Architectural Photogrammetry (CIPA) recommendations. In all cases, it is very important to allow a detailed control of the flight and image parameters, such as the ground sample distance (GSD) variation, scale, footprints, coverage, and overlaps, according to the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) available for the area. In addition, the application could be useful for quality control of other flights (or flight planning). All these new functions and improvements have been implemented in a software developed in order to make RPAS photogrammetric mission planning easier. The inclusion of new flight typologies supposes a novelty with respect to other available applications. The application has been tested using several cases including different types of flights. The results obtained in the quality parameters of flights (coverage and GSD variation) have demonstrated the viability of our new approach in supporting other photogrammetric procedures.
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Wang, Shijin, Jiewen Chu, Jiahao Li e Rongrong Duan. "Prediction of Arrival Flight Operation Strategies under Convective Weather Based on Trajectory Clustering". Aerospace 9, n. 4 (1 aprile 2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9040189.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An airport’s terminal area is the bottleneck of the air transport system. Convective weather can seriously affect the normal flight status of arrival and departure flights. At present, pilots take different flight operation strategies to avoid convective weather based on onboard radar, visual information, adverse weather experience, etc. This paper studies trajectory clustering based on the OPTICS algorithm to obtain the arrival of typical flight routes in the terminal area. Based on weather information of the planned typical flight route and flight plan information, Random Forest (RF), K-nearest Neighbor KNN (KNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms were used for training and establishing the Arrival Flight Operation Strategy Prediction Model (AFOSPM). In this paper, case studies of historical arrival flights in the Guangzhou (ZGGG) and Wuhan (ZHHH) terminal area were carried out. The results show that trajectory clustering results based on the OPTICS algorithm can more accurately reflect the regular flight routes of arrival flights in a terminal area. Compared to KNN and SVM, the prediction accuracy of AFOSPM based on RF is better, reaching more than 88%. On this basis, six features—including 90% VIL, weather coverage, weather duration, planned route, max VIL, and planned Arrival Gate (AF)—were used as the input features for AFOSPM, which can effectively predict various arrival flight operation strategies. For the most frequently used arrival flight operation strategies under convective weather conditions—radar guidance, AF changing, and diversion strategy—the prediction accuracy of the ZGGG and ZHHH terminal areas can exceed 95%, 85%, and 80%, respectively.
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Califar, Brandon, Agata Zupanska, Jordan A. Callaham, Matthew T. Bamsey, Thomas Graham, Anna-Lisa Paul e Robert J. Ferl. "Shared Metabolic Remodeling Processes Characterize the Transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana within Various Suborbital Flight Environments". Gravitational and Space Research 9, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2021-0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The increasing availability of flights on suborbital rockets creates new avenues for the study of spaceflight effects on biological systems, particularly of the transitions between hypergravity and microgravity. This paper presents an initial comparison of the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to suborbital and atmospheric parabolic flights as an important step toward characterizing these emerging suborbital platforms and their effects on biology. Transcriptomic profiling of the response of the Arabidopsis ecotype Wassilewskija (WS) to the aggregate suborbital spaceflight experiences in Blue Origin New Shepard and Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo revealed that the transcriptomic load induced by flight differed between the two flights, yet was biologically related to traditional parabolic flight responses. The sku5 skewing mutant and 14-3-3κ:GFP regulatory protein overexpression lines, flown in the Blue Origin and parabolic flights, respectively, each showed altered intra-platform responses compared to WS. An additional parabolic flight using the F-104 Starfighter showed that the response of 14-3-3κ:GFP to flight was modulated in a similar manner to the WS line. Despite the differing genotypes, experimental workflows, flight profiles, and platforms, differential gene expression linked to remodeling of central metabolic processes was commonly observed in the flight responses. However, the timing and directionality of differentially expressed genes involved in the conserved processes differed among the platforms. The processes included carbon and nitrogen metabolism, branched-chain amino acid degradation, and hypoxic responses. The data presented herein highlight the potential for various suborbital platforms to contribute insights into biological responses to spaceflight, and further suggest that in-flight fixation during suborbital experiments will enhance insights into responses during each phase of flight.
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Kotov, Oleg V., Sergey N. Sinelnikov, Ilya O. Naturalnikov, Andrey V. Savin, Ivan A. Drobot, Evgeny A. Gerasimenko e Evgeny M. Vyborov. "Features of flight information perception in shaping the flight concept". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, n. 4 (15 dicembre 2021): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma60341.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study determines the peculiarities of perception of aerobatic information in shaping the horizontal flight concept for operators who do not have experience in simulator training. The skill formation assessment in 10 flights was conducted using time indicators and generalized piloting error calculation based on the task. The program of activity concept shaping is developed using complex sensorimotor reactions at the 3rd stage of flight to increase the attention reserves of operators. The distribution of attention was analyzed when recording the coordinates of eye fixation in the designated visual zones using the mobile oculography system SMI ETG 2 WirelessAnalysPro. The number of eye fixations is established to increase with increased flight experience. Over each flight, the operator spends less time on the perception and evaluation of flight information from a particular device, thus the speed of changing saccadic eye movements increases, and the duration of the fixations themselves decreases. The proposed method of step-by-step flight concept shaping during the performance of the task of the horizontal flight showed high efficiency of developing motor and sensory skills. The development of such modular programs for training take-off and landing may significantly improve the principles of simulator training. The obtained data reveal the peculiarities of aerobatic information perception by operators of complex ergatic systems, with the prospect of increasing the reliability of professional activity of young pilots in the transition to real practical flights.
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Mamdouh, Maged, Mostafa Ezzat e Hesham Hefny. "Optimized Planning of Resources Demand Curve in Ground Handling based on Machine Learning Prediction". International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications 13, n. 1 (8 febbraio 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2021.01.01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Determining the resource requirements at airports especially in-ground services companies is essential to successful planning in the future, which is represented in the resources demand curve according to the future flight schedule, through which staff schedules are created at the airport to cover the workload with ensuring the highest possible quality service provided. Given in the presence of variety service level agreements used on flight service vary according to many flight features, the resources assumption method makes planning difficult. For instance, flight position is not included in future flight schedule but it's efficacious in the identification of flight resources. In this regard, based on machine learning, we propose a model for building a resource demand curve for future flight schedules. It is divided into two phases, the first is the use of machine learning to predict resources of the service level agreement required on future flight schedules, and the second is the use of implement a resource allocation algorithm to build a demand curve based on predicted resources. This proposal could be applicable to airports that will provide efficient and realistic for the resources demand curve to ensure the resource planning does not deviate from the real-time resource requirements. the model has proven good accuracy when using one day of flights to measuring deviation between the proposed model predict demand curve when flights did not include the location feature and the actual demand curve when flights include location.
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Borjalilu, Naimeh, Fariborz Jolai e Mahdieh Tavakoli. "COCKPIT CREW SAFETY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION BASED ON THE INTEGRATED MACHINE LEARNING MULTI-CLASS CLASSIFICATION MODELS AND MARKOV CHAIN". Aviation 27, n. 3 (18 ottobre 2023): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2023.19739.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main tool of cockpit crew performance evaluation is the recorded flight data used for flight operations safety improvement since all certified airlines require implementation of a safety and quality management system. The safety performance of a flight has been a challenging issue in the aviation industry and plays an important role to acquire competitive benefits. In this study, an integrated multi-class classification machine learning models and Markov chain were developed for cockpit crew performance evaluation during their flights. At the outset, the main features related to a flight are identified based on the literature review, flight operations expert’s statements, and the case study dataset (as numerical example). Afterwards, the flights’ performance is evaluated as a target column based on four multi-class classification models (Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Neural Network, and Random Forest). The results showed that the random forest classifier has the greatest value in all evaluation metrics (i.e., accuracy = 0.90, precision = 0.91, recall = 0.97, and F1-score = 0.93). Therefore, this model can be used by the airline companies to predict flight crew performance before the flight in order to prevent or decrease flight safety risks.
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Li, Jingqiang, Yanru Zhou, Xining Zhang e Tianchen Fan. "Fatigue during Long-Haul Flights of Different Crew Compositions under Exemption from Layover and Flight Time during COVID-19". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 20 (19 ottobre 2022): 13567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013567.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pilot fatigue and alertness are critical for civil aviation safety. Intercontinental pilots are more prone to fatigue and sleepiness due to jet lag, prolonged workdays, and disrupted rhythms. The Civil Aviation Administration of China excused enlarged flight crews from mandatory layovers and reimposed flight duration restrictions during COVID-19. This study investigates the sleep quality and attentional performance of pilots on intercontinental flights. The fifteen pilots who performed intercontinental flights in different crew compositions wore a body movement recorder, which has been proven to accurately estimate sleep duration and sleep efficiency. The crew’s attentional performance and self-report were monitored at specified flight phases. In conclusion, the larger crews slept longer and more efficiently on board, particularly pilots in charge of takeoff and landing responsibilities. Crews on four-pilot layover flights were more alert before the takeoff of the inbound flights than exempt flights, but there was no significant difference towards the end of the mission. The new long-haul flight organization did not result in fatigue or decreased attention in the pilots. This study expands on the research by validating a novel intercontinental flight operation model under the COVID-19 scenario and highlighting critical spots for future fatigue management in various crew compositions.
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Ward, Matthew, Martin Passmore, Adrian Spencer, Simon Tuplin e Andy Harland. "Characterisation of football trajectories for assessing flight performance". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, n. 1 (29 maggio 2018): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118774414.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Much discussion surrounds the flight of association footballs (soccer balls), particularly where the flight may be perceived as irregular. This is particularly prevalent in high-profile competitions due to increased camera coverage and public scrutiny. All footballs do not perform in an identical manner in flight. This article develops methods to characterise the important features of flight, enabling direct, quantitative comparisons between ball designs. The system used to generate the flight paths included collection of aerodynamic force coefficient data in a wind tunnel, which were input into a flight model across a wide range of realistic conditions. Parameters were derived from these trajectories to characterise the in-flight deviations across the range of flights from which the aerodynamic performance of different balls were statistically compared. The amount of lateral movement in flight was determined by calculating the final lateral deviation from the initial shot vector. To quantify the overall shape of the flight, increasing orders of polynomial functions were fitted to the flight path until a good fit was obtained with a high-order polynomial indicating a less consistent flight. The number of inflection points in each flight was also recorded to further define the flight path. The orientation dependency of a ball was assessed by comparing the true shot to a second flight path without considering orientation-dependent forces. The difference between these flights isolated the effect of orientation-dependent aerodynamic forces. The article provides the means of quantitatively describing a ball’s aerodynamic behaviour in a defined and robust mathematical process. Conclusions were not drawn regarding which balls are good and bad; these are subjective terms and can only be analysed through comprehensive player perception studies.
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Tao, Mei, Lan Ma e Yiming Ma. "Flight schedule adjustment for hub airports using multi-objective optimization". Journal of Intelligent Systems 30, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 931–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2020-0114.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Based on the concept of “passengers self-help hubbing,” we build a flight schedule optimization model where maximizing the number of feasible flight connections, indicating transfer opportunities, as one objective and minimizing total slot displacements as the other objective. At the same time, the “Demand Smoothing Model” is introduced into the flight schedule optimization model to reduce the queuing delays for arrival and departure flights. We take into account all aircraft itineraries, the difficulty level of schedule coordination, and the maximum displacement of any single flight acceptable to airlines when optimizing flight schedule. Given an original schedule, the model produces a feasible modified schedule that obeys the slot limits specified for an airport without canceling any flights, increases transfer opportunities, and improves on-time performance for hub airports while reducing interference with airline scheduling preferences. The model was verified with the operating data of the Urumqi international airport, and the results show that minor adjustments to flight schedules can increase the transfer opportunities of the airport and significantly reduce flight queuing delays.
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McCorquodale, David B. "Digger wasp (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) provisioning flights as a defence against a nest parasite, Senotainia trilineata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, n. 8 (1 agosto 1986): 1620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-244.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The provisioning flights of six species of digger wasps (Oxybelus uniglumis, Crabro argusinus, Bembix americana, Philanthus gibbosus, P. inversus, and Cerceris echo) at one aggregation were species specific, providing a diverse array of patterns to the visually searching nest parasite, Senotainia trilineata. Flight diversity did not appear to reduce the probability of initial detection by the fly (a primary defence) because flights of all species were noticed and followed frequently. Flight responses by C. argusinus and P. inversus, after a fly had detected the flight, significantly reduced the probability of contact (a secondary defence). The observed diversity of responses to being followed probably played no role in these defences because S. trilineata contacted prey during a variety of flight types and individuals did not specialize on certain flight types.
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Qin, Kun, Qixin Wang, Binbin Lu, Huabo Sun e Ping Shu. "Flight Anomaly Detection via a Deep Hybrid Model". Aerospace 9, n. 6 (19 giugno 2022): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9060329.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the civil aviation industry, security risk management has shifted from post-accident investigations and analyses to pre-accident warnings in an attempt to reduce flight risks by identifying currently untracked flight events and their trends and effectively preventing risks before they occur. The use of flight monitoring data for flight anomaly detection is effective in discovering unknown and potential flight incidents. In this paper, we propose a time-feature attention mechanism and construct a deep hybrid model for flight anomaly detection. The hybrid model combines a time-feature attention-based convolutional autoencoder with the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm, where the autoencoder is constructed and trained to extract flight features while the HDBSCAN works as an anomaly detector. Quick access record (QAR) flight data containing information of aircraft landing at Kunming Changshui International and Chengdu Shuangliu International airports are used as the experimental data, and the results show that (1) the time-feature-based convolutional autoencoder proposed in this paper can better extract the flight features and further discover the different landing patterns; (2) in the representation space of the flights, anomalous flight objects are better separated from normal objects to provide a quality database for subsequent anomaly detection; and (3) the discovered flight patterns are consistent with those at the airports, resulting in anomalies that could be interpreted with the corresponding pattern. Moreover, several examples of anomalous flights at each airport are presented to analyze the characteristics of anomalies.
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Hilditch, Cassie, Lucia Arsintescu, Sean Pradhan, Kevin Gregory e Erin Flynn-Evans. "0184 Can Subjective Sleepiness Pre-flight Predict the Use of Controlled Rest on the Flight Deck?" SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (1 maggio 2023): A81—A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0184.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Introduction Pilot sleepiness in flight continues to be an issue in aviation due to irregular and extended working hours. In some regions of the world, pilots are allowed to use an in-flight countermeasure called controlled rest, which involves taking a short nap on the flight deck. The use of this countermeasure in practice is understudied. We aimed to investigate whether subjective sleepiness ratings taken pre-flight are predictive of controlled rest use. Methods Data from 94 long (> 6 hours flight duration), non-augmented (two flight crewmembers) flights were analyzed (n = 30 pilots). Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of controlled rest based on a Karolinska Sleepiness Scale rating (KSS) taken at pre-flight. Results Controlled rest was taken on 62.77% (n = 59) of the analyzed flights. Pilots with higher KSS ratings (i.e., subjectively sleepier) pre-flight were more likely to take controlled rest during the subsequent flight (b ± SE: 1.03 ± 0.33; OR = 2.81, 95% CI [1.47, 5.37]; p = .002; R2 (Marginal): .28, R2 (Conditional): .51). That is, for every one-unit increase in KSS ratings, there was a near three-fold increase in the odds of taking controlled rest in flight. Conclusion Our results suggest that subjective sleepiness prior to a flight may be predictive of the decision to take controlled rest later in the flight. Further research is needed to understand the influence of other scheduling factors and individual differences. Support (if any) NASA Airspace Operations and Safety Program, System-Wide Safety Project.
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Williams, S. Tyler, Adrienne M. Madison e Valeta Carol Chancey. "A Biomechanical Investigation of Cervical Spine Range of Motion for UH-60 Aviators in Real and Simulated Flight Environments". Military Medicine 188, Supplement_6 (1 novembre 2023): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usad101.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Introduction Military flight surgeons evaluating aviators for flight fitness based on the cervical spine range of motion (CROM) have no operationally relevant reference with which to make a reliable determination. The published physiological limits for the general population do not necessarily apply to military aviators. CROM requirements for rotary-wing aviators would ideally be defined by measurements taken directly within their operational environment. Materials and Methods Nine subjects performed the same predetermined 1-hour flight mission in a UH-60 aircraft and then, at least 2 days later, in the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) NUH-60 flight simulator. Head position was recorded using an optical-based inertial tracker attached to the night vision goggle mount of the subjects’ flight helmets. Matched-pair t-tests were implemented to compare the maximum CROM between aircraft and simulated flights and the published general population. Results The percent of flight time in severe flexion and lateral bending was not statistically different (P > 0.05) between real and simulated flights but was statistically lower in the simulator for severe twist rotation (P < 0.05). The maximum CROM for the advanced maneuvers was significantly lower than the norms for the general population (P < 0.05). Conclusions The flight simulator could be a useful platform for flight surgeons determining CROM-related flight fitness if methods to increase the frequency of neck twist rotation movements during flight were implemented. The published maximum CROM values for the general population are not an appropriate reference for flight surgeons making flight fitness determinations related to CROM.
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ȘTEFAN, Carmen. "THE INFLUENCE OF PRE-FLIGHT BRIEFINGS ON FLIGHT SAFETY". Review of the Air Force Academy 15, n. 1 (22 maggio 2017): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2017.15.1.15.
Testo completo
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Berketova, L., e R. Iginova. "Nutrition on Aircrafts: a Menu Analysis (Part 1)". Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2020): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/51/17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The organization of passenger service for air transport consists not only in the transportation of passengers to their destination, but also in the provision of various types of food, which can include hot meals according to the free choice menu or complete rations on board the aircraft, desserts, drinks. The range of dishes depends on the budget of the airline, season, flight duration, class of service, departure time, principles of healthy eating, national characteristics, specific tastes and age of the passenger. In this paper, the menu of the company Aeroflot — Russian Airlines is considered. Food in Aeroflot airplanes is divided into two cycles. Depending on the direction and duration of the flight, a choice of two dishes is provided: cold or hot breakfast, hot or cold lunch, snacks and drinks. The menu of this airline is updated every six weeks. Economy class menu: depending on the direction, departure time and duration of the flight, it contains breakfast, lunch or snacks. A selection of hot and cold drinks is also provided depending on the duration and direction of the flight. Flights lasting up to 3 hours of flight offer passengers breakfast or lunch or dinner, soft and hot drinks. On flights lasting from 3 to 6 hours of flight, the menu includes appetizer, main course, dessert, soft and hot drinks. There is also the option of ordering special meals in the Economy class on flights over 3 hours. On flights over 12 hours of flight to Los Angeles, Miami, Havana, passengers will be offered an additional diet — a sandwich and fruits. The Comfort class menu offers passengers a welcome drink and a menu card is provided. During the flight in the Comfort class, two meals are provided for flights lasting more than 6 hours. The menu of this class is presented for 14 directions (from Moscow to Bangkok, Phuket, Beijing, Hong Kong, Dubai, Los Angeles, New York, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Petropavlovsk–Kamchatsky, Seoul, Shanghai, Tel Aviv, Yuzhno–Sakhalinsk and back). The paper presents a menu with the calculation of nutritional value and calorie content.
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Jia, Meng, e Yingbao Yang. "Cross-emotional infection among multi-flight groups in mass flight delays". Kybernetes 45, n. 10 (7 novembre 2016): 1589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2016-0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study dynamic evolution of passenger emotional contagion among different flights emerging in mass flight delays, so as to quantitatively analyze emotional variation tendencies and influences of concerned factors and intervention measures. Design/methodology/approach An intervening variable of group emotion was introduced into emotional contagion model to simulate passenger emotional evolution among multi-flight groups. Besides, personalities, characters and social relationships were considered to represent individual differences in emotional changes. Based on personal contact relationships, emotional contagion model was proposed to evaluate cross-emotion transition processes among different groups under scenarios of information shortage. Eventually, evolutionary processes of passenger emotions were fused in an agent-based simulation based on social force correction model. Findings Simulation experiment results revealed that passenger emotions suffer from combined impacts of individual emotional changes and emotional interactions among adjacent flights through a comparison with actual survey. Besides, emotional interactions accelerate processes of emotion transitions, and have significant impacts on adjacent flights when different measures are taken. Moreover, taking intervention measures simultaneously seems more effective than implementing intervention successively. Originality/value The proposed method makes up for deficiency of ignoring effects of emotional interactions among adjacent flights. It contributes to providing control methods and strategies for relevant departments and improving the efficiency and ability of handling passenger collective events in mass flight delays.
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Indraswari, Safira Putri, Onny Setiani e Budiyono Budiyono. "HUBUNGAN FREKUENSI PENERBANGAN DENGAN INTENSITAS KEBISINGAN DI BANDARA INTERNASIONAL MINANGKABAU". Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) 9, n. 3 (17 maggio 2021): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v9i3.29654.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Flight activities can produce a noise and give an impact to human health and environmental health. Minangkabau International Airport is an airport with a high flight frequency category, the average of total flights number is 60 flight activities for a day. This study aimed to analyze of association between flight frequency and noise intensity at Minangkabau International Airport.This type of research was an analytic research with cross sectional approach Samples using in this study were 24 samples which were taken by quota sampling technique. Noise intensity was measured using a Sound Level Meter. Data analysis was performed using Chi Square test (α=5%). The result found that the highest average flight frequency was 17 flights within a three hours period, the highest noise intensity measurement results was 90.4 dB(A) and as many as 14 noise measurement points exceed NAB (NAB=85 DB(A)) Based on the results of the chi square test (p = 0.010) there was a significant relationship between flight frequency and noise intensity at Minangkabau International Airport. The conclusion of this study is that Noise intensity in Minangkabau Internasional Airport exceed NAB and there is a significant relationship between flight frequency and noise intensity
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Zhang, Hong-Hai, Qing-Wen Xue e Yu Jiang. "Multi-objective gate assignment based on robustness in hub airports". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, n. 2 (febbraio 2017): 168781401668858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016688588.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To enhance the robustness of the gate assignment, reduce the possibility of flight conflict, and improve the quality of passenger services, a multi-objective gate assignment model is proposed by minimizing flight conflict probability and number of flights assigned to aprons. The biogeography-based optimization algorithm is used to solve the proposed model with a new method for estimating the conflict probability. The simulation results show that the ratio of interval time of two flights assigned to the same gate between 60 and 120 min is as high as 82% when the rate of the flights assigned to aprons is controlled below 0.4. This means that the robustness increases greatly, and the probability of flight conflicts decreases, which is beneficial to the implement of flight assignment plan. In addition, the biogeography-based optimization algorithm is more effective to solve the proposed model and very easy to find out the optimal solutions.
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Faiyetole, Ayodele Adekunle, e Temitope. "PRE-FLIGHT CONSIDERATIONS, IN-FLIGHT SERVICES, AND POST-FLIGHT RECEPTIONS: FACTORS INFLUENCING PASSENGERS’ INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE CHOICES". Journal of Air Transport Studies 9, n. 2 (1 luglio 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v9i2.21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The proliferation of airlines plying the international routes, triggered by the needed deregulation policies, has equally caused prospective air travelers to be constantly faced with critical pre-flight decisions, especially as they regard airline choice making for scheduled and on-demand flights. Considering the international bound passengers for scheduled flights at MMIA, this paper examines seventeen variables, wilfully or unconsciously thought-out by the passengers before choosing the airline to travel with. Factor analysis unveils that there are five components with Eigenvalue higher than the critical (1.000) and with an appreciable cumulative percent of variance (62.336 percent), indicative that there are five latent factors determining international passengers’ airline choices from a developing country. The Varimax rotated component matrix placed eleven variables with factor loading (>0.70) on these five factors. The paper concludes that the service quality of the full spectra of the airlines’ preflight, in-flight and post-flight services could be more carefully considered, maintained and regularly upgraded in order to attract and, or retain passengers.
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Puzio, Łukasz, Mateusz Milewski, Robert Sklorz e Arkadiusz Tofil. "Unstabilized approach in aviation training on the basis of the fliight data monitoring (FDM4GA)". Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2018, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_18_12_01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article takes up the issue based on flight monitoring systems (FDM) in the aspect of aviation training. The key element is the use of Storkjet software and data recorded on flight recorders from the Aviation Training Center (OKL) of the State School of Higher Education in Chełm. The authors of the article have adopted a model of an approach path including air regulations, aircraft performance based on Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM), procedures based on OKL’s the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and navigation data based on approved navigation information for specific airports. The problem of unstabilized approaches has been analyzed on the basis of data from various flight groups (e.g. instrument flights, night flights, etc.). As a result, flight groups were selected, which statistically from the point of view of the risk management system bring the largest operational risk during the aviation education process.
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Asher, M., D. Toshkova e N. Lieven. "Automatic regime detection for Rotor Track and Balance using vibration only sensor data". Aeronautical Journal 124, n. 1275 (8 aprile 2020): 617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTRotor Track and Balance (RTB) is an important part of regular helicopter maintenance. The ability to perform this service assessment during normal operations, rather than with a series of explicit RTB flights, would greatly reduce the time the vehicle is non-operational and the maintenance costs associated with these flights and adjustments. This paper presents a novel methodology for identifying the RTB-related flight regimes, using a minimal number of vibration signals and comparing these to repeatable and stable characteristic vibration profiles. The technique is stable, with an 81% success in correct identification of the flight regime, when applied to a whole flight with a number of unknown regime events. The method can be run in real time, making it an effective way of identifying periods of flight that are suitable for RTB measurements. A new technique for visually representing any real-time flight signal, such as vibration, is also presented.
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Natiq qızı Nurullazadə, Fidan. "Evaluation of flight conditions at tropopause level". NATURE AND SCIENCE 07, n. 02 (23 aprile 2021): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/07/49-52.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
High-quality organization of meteorological support along the flight routes, increasing its efficiency depends on many factors. These factors include the moderate and high intensity turbulence observed in the middle and upper flight echelons, icing, jet streams, volcanic ash clouds and their distribution areas, tropopause level, its altitude, and others. In the pre-flight preparation phase, the meteorological body provides meteorological support for all types of domestic and international flights planned in the middle and upper troposphere. The organization of flight efficiency and economic profitability depends on the high-quality forecast of the above-mentioned meteorological factors. The article analyzes the characteristics of weather conditions that affect flights in the middle and upper troposphere. The main recommendations and requirements of Annex 3 (ANEX 3) and its amendments (Amendment 79), ICAO's guidelines for meteorological support for international air navigation, are relevant to many of the issues discussed in this article. Key words: turbulence, jet stream, volcanic ash, aircraft, tropopause, aviation, flight echelon, pressure, wind, temperature, meteorological support, flight route
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Wang, Nianyi, Huiling Wang, Shan Pei e Boyu Zhang. "A Data-Driven Heuristic Method for Irregular Flight Recovery". Mathematics 11, n. 11 (4 giugno 2023): 2577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112577.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this study, we develop a data-driven heuristic method to solve the irregular flight recovery problem. Based on operational data from China South Airlines, Beijing, China, we evaluate the importance of a flight in the flight network and the influence of a delay on a flight and its subsequent flights. Then, we classify historical states into three scenarios according to their delay reasons and investigate the recovery patterns for each scenario. Inspired by the results of the data analysis, we develop a heuristic algorithm that imitates dispatcher actions. The algorithm is based on two basic operations: swapping the tail numbers of two flights and resetting their flight departure times. The algorithm can provide multiple recovery plans in real time for different scenarios, and we continue to refine and validate the algorithm for more robust and general solutions through a cost analysis. Finally, we test the efficiency and effectiveness of the recovery method based on the flight schedule, with real and simulated delays, and compare it with two other methods and the recovery actions of dispatchers.
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CHIANG, CHAO-HUNG. "INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF FLIGHT ATTENDANTS’ FATIGUE- CASE OF AIRLINE COMPANIES IN TAIWAN". Journal of Air Transport Studies 12, n. 2 (1 luglio 2021): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v12i2.187.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fatigue poses an important safety risk to aviation, while it has been suggested as a key human factor which influences crew's working ability and flight safety. Flight attendants are in the first line to serve customers and also play an important role in flight safety. Thus, the modified Delphi method and grey correlation analysis are used to find the influential factors of the fatigue. Furthermore, the weight analysis and ranking of the fatigue factors of the flight attendants are discussed in the study context of the analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the company’s planning and scheduling have the highest weight of fatigue. Furthermore, a load factor of 80% appears tiring for the crew, despite the fact that the number of flight attendants meets the legal requirements. In fact, this has the highest weight of fatigue in short-haul flights, unlike long-haul flights where the weight differs. Research findings may have managerial implications to airlines and relevant government agencies towards fatigue’s reduction and improvement of flight attendants’ working life.
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Qu, Jingyi, Shixing Wu e Jinjie Zhang. "Flight Delay Propagation Prediction Based on Deep Learning". Mathematics 11, n. 3 (17 gennaio 2023): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11030494.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The current flight delay not only affects the normal operation of the current flight, but also spreads to the downstream flights through the flights schedule, resulting in a wide range of flight delays. The analysis and prediction of flight delay propagation in advance can help civil aviation departments control the flight delay rate and reduce the economic loss caused by flight delays. Due to the small number of data samples that can constitute flight chains, it is difficult to construct flight chain data. In recent years, the analysis of the flight delay propagation problem is generally based on traditional machine learning methods with a small sample size. After obtaining a large amount of raw data from the China Air Traffic Management Bureau, we have constructed 36,287 pieces of three-level flight chain data. Based on these data, we tried to use a deep learning method to analyze and forecast flight delays. In the field of deep learning, there are CNN models and RNN models that deal with classification problems well. Based on these two classes of models, we modify and innovate the study of the problem of flight delay propagation and prediction. Firstly, the CNN-based CondenseNet algorithm is used to predict the delay level of the three-level flight chain data. Based on this, the CondenseNet network is improved by inserting CBAM modules and named CBAM-CondenseNet. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can effectively improve the network performance, and the prediction accuracy can reach 89.8%. Compared with the traditional machine learning method, the average prediction accuracy increased by 8.7 percentage points. On the basis of the CNN model, we also considered the superiority of the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory network) considering the processing time sequence information, and then constructed the CNN-MLSTM network and injected the SimAM module to enhance the attention of flight chain data. In the experiment of flight delay propagation prediction, the accuracy rate is 91.36%, which is a significant improvement compared to using the CNN or LSTM alone.
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Jasra, Sameer Kumar, Gianluca Valentino, Alan Muscat e Robert Camilleri. "Hybrid Machine Learning–Statistical Method for Anomaly Detection in Flight Data". Applied Sciences 12, n. 20 (12 ottobre 2022): 10261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010261.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper investigates the use of an unsupervised hybrid statistical–local outlier factor algorithm to detect anomalies in time-series flight data. Flight data analysis is an activity carried out by airlines primarily as a means of improving the safety and operation of their fleet. Traditionally, this is performed by checking exceedances in pre-set limits to the flight data parameters. However, this method highlights single events during a flight, making this analysis laborious. The process also fails to establish trends or reflect potential unknown hazards. This research took advantage of machine learning techniques to recognize patterns in large datasets by implementing the local outlier factor (LOF). In order to minimize human input, a statistical approach was adopted to establish the threshold value above which the flights are considered to be anomalous and interpret the scores. This paper shows that LOF quantifies the degree of outlier-ness of an outlier rather than binary categorizing a point into inlier or outlier, as in the case of clustering algorithms. Thus, with LOF, for the first time, we demonstrated that in the aviation industry, anomalous flights could not only be identified but also be given an anomaly score to compare two anomalous flights in an unsupervised manner. Furthermore, LOF helps to track anomalous behavior in time during the flight. This is insightful when a flight is abnormal, only for some seconds or short duration. For the first time, we attempted to detect flight parameters responsible for anomalous behavior or at least give direction to human experts looking for the cause of abnormal behavior. This was all analyzed with real-life flight data in an unsupervised manner in contrast to simulated data.