Bibliografie tematiche / Flash smelting

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Flash smelting"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 29 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Flash smelting"

1

Xie, Sui, Xinhua Yuan, Fupeng Liu e Baojun Zhao. "Control of Copper Content in Flash Smelting Slag and the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Slag—A Thermodynamic Consideration". Metals 13, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010153.

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To determine slag properties and the factors influencing these properties for optimization of operating conditions in the copper flash smelting process, the composition and microstructures of the quenched smelting and converting slags have been analyzed. Thermodynamic software FactSage 8.2 has been used to investigate the effects of matte grade, SO2 partial pressure, and the Fe/SiO2 ratio on the liquidus temperature and the copper content of the smelting slag. The possibility to recover valuable metals from the smelting and converting slags through pyrometallurgical reduction by carbon is also discussed. It was found that the flash smelting slag temperature is usually higher than its liquidus temperature and the copper (1.2% Cu) is mainly present in the slag as dissolved copper. In the copper flash smelting process, the copper content in the slag can be decreased by decreasing the Fe/SiO2 ratio and temperature. In pyrometallurgical slag reduction, most Cu, Mo, and Ni can be recovered as an alloy. The conditions of recovery such as the ratio of smelting slag to converting slag, temperature, and reduction extent have been discussed.
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Jorgensen, F. R. A., e P. T. L. Koh. "Combustion in flash smelting furnaces". JOM 53, n. 5 (maggio 2001): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-001-0201-x.

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3

Taskinen, P., K. Seppälä, J. Laulumaa e J. Poijärvi. "Oxygen pressure in the Outokumpu flash smelting furnace—Part 1: copper flash smelting settler". Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 110, n. 2 (agosto 2001): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mpm.2001.110.2.94.

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4

Zaim, Ehsan Hassan, e Seyed Hossein Mansouri. "A new mathematical model for copper concentrate combustion in flash smelting furnaces". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, n. 2 (3 agosto 2016): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915577545.

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A novel mathematical model for combustion of a single copper concentrate particle is presented. The model includes particle volatilization, fragmentation, smelting, and combustion phenomena. This model has been incorporated into a general computational fluid dynamics code to calculate flow field and particle trajectories needed to simulate the smelting process in flash furnaces. In this model, Lagrangian approach was used to handle solid particles and droplets of liquid fuel charged, while Eulerian framework was used to handle the gas phase flow field. The results show that the effect of particle fragmentation was remarkable in flash smelting process as compared with experimental data and should be considered in combustion modeling. Moreover, the flash smelting process simulation results show that the reaction shaft design should be optimized based on a combination of furnace dimension and type of concentrate burners.
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Lu, Hong. "An Neural Network Model for the Fe/SiO2 Ratio in Copper Flash Smelting Slag Using Improved Back Propagation Algorithm". Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (maggio 2012): 1963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1963.

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The Fe/SiO2 ratio in slag is one of the important control parameters for copper flash smelting process, but it is difficult to describe the complex relationship between the technological parameters and the Fe/SiO2 ratio in slag using accurate mathematic formulae, because the copper flash smelting process is a complicated nonlinear system. An neural network model for the Fe/SiO2 ratio in copper flash smelting slag was developed, whose net structure is 8-15-12-1, and input nodes include the oxygen volume per ton concentrate, the oxygen grade, the flux rate, the quantity of Cu, S, Fe, SiO2 and MgO in concentrate. In order to avoid local minimum terminations when the model is trained by back propagation (BP) algorithm, a new algorithm called GA-BP is presented by using genetic algorithm (GA) to determine the initial weights and threshold values. The results show that the model can avoid local minimum terminations and accelerate convergence, and has high prediction precision and good generalization performance. The model can be used to optimize the copper flash smelting process control.
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Taskinen, Pekka, Ari Jokilaakso, Daniel Lindberg e Jiliang Xia. "Modelling copper smelting – the flash smelting plant, process and equipment". Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 129, n. 2 (12 novembre 2019): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2019.1688904.

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7

Bacedoni, María, Ignacio Moreno-Ventas e Guillermo Ríos. "Copper Flash Smelting Process Balance Modeling". Metals 10, n. 9 (11 settembre 2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091229.

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Process control in flash smelting is based on mass and energy balance from which the operational parameters (oxygen coefficient, oxygen enrichment, and flux demand) are obtained to achieve matte and slag with defined compositions and at defined temperatures. Mineral compositions of copper concentrates, and their blends, have been used in order to optimize the heat process balance. The classical balance methodology has been improved by using equations for molecular ratios and distribution coefficients that have been calculated using FactSage™. This paper describes the development of balance equations and compares their theoretical (equilibrium) results with industrial data logs of the smelting process.
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Solghar, Alireza Arab, e Morteza Abdolzadeh. "Thermochemical simulation of flash smelting furnace". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 229, n. 1 (novembre 2013): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408913502168.

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Keyworth, B. "Flash smelting analysis, control and optimization". Minerals Engineering 2, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(89)90072-1.

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Gao, Wei, Cheng Yan Wang, Fei Yin, Yong Qiang Chen e Wei Jiao Yang. "Situation and Technology Progress of Lead Smelting in China". Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (ottobre 2012): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.904.

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The present paper reviews the situation and technology progress of lead smelting in China. According to the new lead smelting processes, this paper also presents a lead oxygen-enriched flash smelting technology, whose intellectual property rights are completely owned by China，it points out that lead smelting processes develop as follow: lower environmental pollution, higher metal recovery rate, more effective for complex low grade lead-bearing ore materials, lower energy consumption and higher automation degree.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Flash smelting"

1

Partelpoeg, E. H. "Energy optimization in flash smelting". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565528.

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2

Molino, Loris. "Gas flows and mixing in models of the Inco flash smelting furnace /". *McMaster only, 2001.

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3

Debrincat, David Paul. "Disintegration of powder agglomerates in a flash furnace shaft /". Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000766.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2003.
System requirements: Windows PC, CD-Rom drive. CD-Rom contains the appendices, experimental data, and various video clips. Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-216).
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4

Mackey, Lisa Catherine. "The ignition properties of pyrite, pyrrhotite pentlandite and violarite". Thesis, Curtin University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/57.

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The oxidation and ignition behaviour of the four major sulfide minerals present in the nickel concentrates smelted at the Kalgoorlie Nickel Smelter (KNS) has been established. These minerals are pyrite (FeS2), pyrrhotite (Fe1-nS, where n = 0 to 0.125), pentlandite ((FeNi)9S8) and violarite ( Ni2FeS4 ).The characteristic behaviour of these sulfides has been examined using Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) under normal oxidation conditions ( l0ºC/min, air atmosphere). By increasing the heating rate to 40ºC/min and using an oxygen atmosphere, the tendency of the sulfides to ignite was established. Ignition was characterised by a highly exothermic reaction which occurred in association with a rapid mass loss over a short time span. Significant overheating of the samples beyond the temperature of the surroundings was observed. Pyrite, pyrrhotite and violarite all exhibited ignition behaviour while pentlandite did not.Using Isothermal Thermogravimetry (TG) the sulfides were subjected to shock heating conditions (heating rate = 3000-5000ºC/min, oxygen atmosphere) analogous to those which exist in an industrial flash smelter. The order of reactivity of the sulfides agreed with that observed during TG-DTA ignition trials. Even under these more intensely oxidising conditions pentlandite did not ignite. The effect of particle size on the ignition temperature was determined, larger particles igniting at a higher temperature. The magnitude of this effect varied according to the characteristics of the minerals.Products collected during Isothermal TG were examined by optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). Using these techniques it was possible to establish the morphology of the products and hence, to propose mechanisms for the reaction of the four sulfide minerals under ignition conditions.In order to simulate the thermal environment which exists in the KNS, a pilot scale model of the reaction shaft was used. Nickel sulfide concentrates of varying mineralogy and particle size distribution were smelted under various conditions. The effect of larger particle size and increasing oxygen partial pressure on the reactivity of these concentrates was established.The products were quenched at the base of the shaft and collected for examination by optical microscopy, SEM and EPMA. Products ranged from unreacted to completely oxidised particles. The morphology and composition of these species were identified. Approximately 30 particles in each of 26 samples were examined with a view to establishing the frequency of occurrence of the particular product types in concentrates of differing mineralogy and particle size. This allowed proposals to be made regarding the fate of the individual sulfide minerals during ignition in the pilot scale flash reactor.
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Mackey, Lisa Catherine. "The ignition properties of pyrite, pyrrhotite pentlandite and violarite". Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Geology, 1991. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15923.

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The oxidation and ignition behaviour of the four major sulfide minerals present in the nickel concentrates smelted at the Kalgoorlie Nickel Smelter (KNS) has been established. These minerals are pyrite (FeS2), pyrrhotite (Fe1-nS, where n = 0 to 0.125), pentlandite ((FeNi)9S8) and violarite ( Ni2FeS4 ).The characteristic behaviour of these sulfides has been examined using Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) under normal oxidation conditions ( l0ºC/min, air atmosphere). By increasing the heating rate to 40ºC/min and using an oxygen atmosphere, the tendency of the sulfides to ignite was established. Ignition was characterised by a highly exothermic reaction which occurred in association with a rapid mass loss over a short time span. Significant overheating of the samples beyond the temperature of the surroundings was observed. Pyrite, pyrrhotite and violarite all exhibited ignition behaviour while pentlandite did not.Using Isothermal Thermogravimetry (TG) the sulfides were subjected to shock heating conditions (heating rate = 3000-5000ºC/min, oxygen atmosphere) analogous to those which exist in an industrial flash smelter. The order of reactivity of the sulfides agreed with that observed during TG-DTA ignition trials. Even under these more intensely oxidising conditions pentlandite did not ignite. The effect of particle size on the ignition temperature was determined, larger particles igniting at a higher temperature. The magnitude of this effect varied according to the characteristics of the minerals.Products collected during Isothermal TG were examined by optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). Using these techniques it was possible to establish the morphology of the products and hence, to propose mechanisms for the reaction of the four sulfide minerals under ignition conditions.In order to ++
simulate the thermal environment which exists in the KNS, a pilot scale model of the reaction shaft was used. Nickel sulfide concentrates of varying mineralogy and particle size distribution were smelted under various conditions. The effect of larger particle size and increasing oxygen partial pressure on the reactivity of these concentrates was established.The products were quenched at the base of the shaft and collected for examination by optical microscopy, SEM and EPMA. Products ranged from unreacted to completely oxidised particles. The morphology and composition of these species were identified. Approximately 30 particles in each of 26 samples were examined with a view to establishing the frequency of occurrence of the particular product types in concentrates of differing mineralogy and particle size. This allowed proposals to be made regarding the fate of the individual sulfide minerals during ignition in the pilot scale flash reactor.
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6

Heino, J. (Jyrki). "Harjavallan Suurteollisuuspuisto teollisen ekosysteemin esimerkkinä kehitettäessä hiiliteräksen ympäristömyönteisyyttä". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514281977.

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Abstract Industrial ecology provides the scientific and technological understanding upon which the increased environmental, economic and social efficiencies necessary to progress towards sustainability can be based. Industrial ecosystem is the creation of synergies between various industries, agriculture, and communities to profitably convert waste into valuable products or feedstock. Copper and nickel flash smelters developed by Outokumpu form the heart of the Harjavalta industrial ecosystem, which consists of thirteen different firms. The ideas found in Harjavalta industrial ecosystem consideration can be applied to carbon steelmaking and other related industry sectors to add product efficiency, improve energy utilization and start new local business, when different firms can concentrate to their own core know-how areas. When planning to add the amount of recycled material in steel production the waste oxides from steel industry, pyrite roasting residues and slags from the copper and nickel smelters are rich iron sources. When processing dusts, scales and sludge in the separate treatment plant, the main thing is that the primary production of the steel plant is not disturbed. The big problem when using secondary iron raw materials will be the contamination of steel by tramp elements similar to scrap based steel manufacture. Today's industry is facing significant change from the process related environmental thinking towards product based environmental thinking seen in the EU product policy. This will mean need for the research covering raw material acquisition, production, products, in-use phase, recycling and disposal. Steel has very unique properties, which can be improved, if steel manufacturers can concentrate on their core know-how area. The essential difference between the technical and natural systems is the human control. Based on the experiences of Harjavalta industrial ecosystem the occupational safety and accident security risk prevention should be included into the metaphor of industrial ecology. If we consider the human control in global scale the future development will depend on the ethical decisions made by humankind
Tiivistelmä Teollisessa ekologiassa pyritään aine- ja energiavirtojen tutkimiseen siten, että jäljitellään luontoa lopullisena tavoitteena jätevirtojen eliminointi tai ainakin minimointi, jolloin se on osa kestävälle kehitykselle välttämätöntä ekologista, taloudellista ja sosiaalista toimintaa. Teollinen ekosysteemi on teollisuuslaitosten ja yhteiskunnan sekä mahdollisesti maatalouden synerginen liittymä, jonka avulla integroidaan tuotannon ja kulutuksen lohkot yhteen tavoitteena vähentää sekä raaka-aineiden kulutusta että ympäristöpäästöjä. Harjavallan teollinen ekosysteemi on syntynyt ja kehittynyt Outokummun kehittämän liekkisulatusmenetelmään perustuvien kupari- ja nikkelisulattojen ympärille. Harjavallan Suurteollisuuspuistosta saatuja ajatuksia ja kokemuksia voidaan soveltaa luovasti hiiliteräksen valmistukseen ja muihin vastaaviin teollisuuden haaroihin. Eri yritysten keskittyessä omalle ydinosaamisalueelleen voidaan parantaa raaka-aine- ja energiatehokkuutta sekä perustaa uutta paikallista teollisuutta. Terästeollisuuden hyödyntämättömät jäteoksidit, pyriitin pasuttamisesta saatavat pasutteet sekä nikkelin ja kuparin valmistuksen kuonat ovat potentiaalisia uusioraaka-aineita. Uusioraaka-aineille on kehitettävä hiiliteräksen valmistuksen pääprosessin viereen omat käsittelyratkaisut, sillä muuten rautapohjaisten poisteiden kierrätyksen ekologiset ja taloudelliset säästöt saatettaisiin menettää pääprosessin tuottavuuden laskuna. Ongelmallista on myös teräksen laatua haittaavien harmeaineiden kumuloituminen teräkseen, mitä tapahtuu myös käytettäessä romua uusioraaka-aineena. Kestävää kehitystä tavoiteltaessa täydennetään EU:n perinteistä prosessi- ja tuotantoyksikköperusteista ympäristölainsäädäntöä tuotelähtöisellä ympäristölainsäädännöllä. Säädöksissä huomioidaan laajemmin koko tuotteen elinkaari, jolloin tutkimuksen on katettava raaka-aineen hankinta, tuotanto, tuotteet, käyttö ja käytöstä poistoon liittyvä kierrätys tai sijoittaminen takaisin luontoon. Teräksen ainutkertaisia ominaisuuksia voidaan entisestään parantaa, jos teräksen valmistajat saavat keskittyä omalle ydinosaamisalueelleen. Teknisen järjestelmän sisältä löytyy aina ihminen suorittamassa tietoisen ohjauksen, mitä ei luonnonjärjestelmissä löydy. Harjavallan Suurteollisuuspuistosta saatujen kokemusten perusteella voidaan todeta, että työturvallisuus ja teollisuusonnettomuuksia ehkäisevä turvallisuustyö on otettava teollisen ekologian viitekehykseen. Jos tarkastellaan ihmisen vaikutusta globaalissa viitekehyksessä, voidaan todeta, että ihmisen vaikutus riippuu tulevaisuudessa tehtävistä eettisistä päätöksistä ja päätösten edellyttämistä toimenpiteistä
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Liu, Jin. "Study of the kinetics of carbon reduction of matte/oxysulfide/slag in nickel/copper flash smelting". 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=94754&T=F.

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Caffery, Grant A. "Analysis of transport phenomena in a combusting sulfide particle cloud : with implications to the flash smelting of high-grade copper concentrates". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12969.

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High-grade copper concentrates are becoming increasingly important as feed materials for flash smelting furnaces. Escondida concentrate from Chile is one of the most important of these high-grade concentrates. When smelting concentrate blends with Escondida loadings in excess of approximately 20 wt-%, BHP's San Manuel furnace observed unreacted concentrate accumulating at the bottom of the reaction shaft. This limited the quantity of Escondida concentrate that could be smelted by the furnace and therefore increased its treatment costs. The objective of this project was to suggest operational improvements to optimise furnace performance at high Escondida loadings by gaining an understanding of the influence of high-grade concentrate on the flash smelting behaviour of concentrate blends. This objective was achieved by conducting experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies on the flash smelting process. Results from the experimental study show that sulfide flash smelting can be described using group combustion theory. Furthermore results suggest addition of highgrade concentrate to the blend reduces the oxygen-to-concentrate ratio and increases the oxygen enrichment. This lowers the heat transfer effectiveness factor of the particles within the'cloud and the burner exit velocity, in turn reducing the cloud heat transfer coefficient. The lower rate of heat transfer to the particles increases the distance required for them to reach their ignition temperature. At some Escondida loading, the heat-up time of the particles becomes so large that there is insufficient residence time for particles to react with the available oxygen, leading to the observed operational problems. To overcome these problems requires that the heat transfer characteristics of the concentrate burner be improved. Therefore experimental and CFD studies were conducted to compare the performance of a swirl burner to a bluff-body burner. The bluff-body burner was used to approximate the concentrate burner used in industry. Some differences between the bluff-body burner investigated in this study and the industrial concentrate burner may cause the observed results for the bluff-body burner to differ from those of the industrial concentrate burners. It was found that the swirl burner gives superior performance to the bluff body burner due to two effects: 1) formation of an internal re-circulation zone which transfers heat from the combustion zone to the fresh mixture, increasing the heat transfer rate to the concentrate particles; and 2) reduction of the volume of the stagnant zone within the shaft, increasing the average particle residence time.
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Libri sul tema "Flash smelting"

1

Partelpoeg, Eric. Energy optimization in flash smelting. Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona, 1985.

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2

Davenport, W. G. Flash smelting: Analysis, control, and optimization. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Pergamon Press, 1987.

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G, Davenport W., e Davenport W. G, a cura di. Flash smelting: Analysis, control, and optimization. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 2001.

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4

Center, for Pyrometallurgy Conference (1988 Salt Lake City Utah). Flash reaction processes: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 15-17, 1988. Rolla, MO: Center for Pyrometallurgy, University of Missouri-Rolla, 1988.

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Flash Smelting. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2013-0-03835-2.

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Davenport, W. G., M. J. King, D. M. Jones e E. H. Partelpoeg. Flash Smelting: Analysis, Control and Optimization. Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society, 2001.

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Davenport, W. G., M. J. King, D. M. Jones e E. H. Partelpoeg. Flash Smelting: Analysis, Control and Optimization. 2a ed. Tms, 2004.

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Davenport, W. G., e E. H. Partelpoeg. Flash Smelting: Analysis, Control and Optimization. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2015.

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Liu, Jin. Study of the kinetics of carbon reduction of matte/oxysulfide/slag in nickel/copper flash smelting. 2004.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Flash smelting"

1

Sohn, Hong Yong. "From Sulfide Flash Smelting to a Novel Flash Ironmaking Technology". In Celebrating the Megascale, 69–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48234-7_4.

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Sohn, Hong Yong. "From Sulfide Flash Smelting to a Novel Flash Ironmaking Technology". In Celebrating the Megascale, 69–76. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118889657.ch4.

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Jorgensen, F. R. A., B. J. Elliot, P. T. L. Koh e T. V. Nguyen. "Modelling the Burners and Reaction Shaft of a Flash Smelting Furnace". In Flash Reaction Processes, 201–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0309-1_8.

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Cornejo, Karen, Mao Chen e Baojun Zhao. "Control of Copper Loss in Flash Smelting Slag". In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 71–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65241-8_7.

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Liao, Jinfa, Chunfa Liao e Baojun Zhao. "Comparison of Copper Smelting Slags Between Flash Smelting Furnace and Bottom-Blowing Furnace". In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 249–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92388-4_22.

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Ma, Baozhong, Chengyan Wang, Yongqiang Chen e Peng Xing. "An Innovative Oxygen-Enriched Flash Smelting Technology for Lead Smelting and Its Industrial Application". In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 31–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72138-5_4.

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Guo, Feng, Qin Mei e Da Li. "Design of Digital-Analog Control Algorithm for Flash Smelting Metallurgy". In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 25–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4572-0_4.

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Stevens, Glenn, Tatsuya Motomura, Tomoya Kawasaki, Misha Mazhar e Gary Walters. "Redesign and Rebuild of the Pan Pacific Copper Flash Smelting Furnace". In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 89–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_7.

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Jun, Zhou, e Chen Zhuo. "Smelting Mechanism in the Reaction Shaft of a Commercial Copper Flash Furnace". In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 533–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_42.

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Lamoureux, Alexandre, Adam Blackmore e Maciej Jastrzebski. "Impact of Concentrate Feed Temporal Fluctuations on a Copper Flash Smelting Process". In 5th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 417–26. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118887998.ch52.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Flash smelting"

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Chen, Zhuo, Peng Long, Zhiqiang Sun, Jun Zhou e Jiemin Zhou. "CFD Simulation and Performance Analysis of CJD Burner for Intensified Flash Smelting Process". In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58545.

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Abstract (sommario):
The flash smelting process has been widely acknowledged as a successful modern pyro-metallurgical technology because of its good production flexibility. In past decades, great efforts have been put on the equipment improvement in order to achieve a highly intensive and efficient flash smelting process. However, along with the increasing of the productivity and the intensification of the process, technical problems such as the un-smelted materials accumulated in the settler and the dust generation ratio going higher are found occurring more frequently than before. All these problems however indicate degeneration in the performance of the central jet distributor (CJD) burner. A study was then made on the combustion and reaction processes in the flash furnace equipped with a CJD burner. A steady-state turbulent model was developed and a discrete phase model was included to investigate the velocity and temperature changes of both the gaseous and particle phases in the reaction shaft. The deviation of the numerical model is estimated to be less than 6%. The simulation results reveal a serious delay in the ignition of concentrate particles after they are fed into the furnace. Minor modification was also made by CFD computation, attempting to improve the particle ignition speed, but it was found not so effective. The main reason for the decreased smelting efficiency is found to be the poor mixing between the gaseous and particle phases under the intensified condition. These appeal for a great improvement in the performance of the CJD burner.
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2

Wu, Qing, Yang Dai, Jun Chen e Zhuo Chen. "Parallel Computation Efficiency Analysis of Numerical Simulation of Copper Flash Smelting Furnace". In 2013 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) & 2013 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpcc.and.euc.2013.281.

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3

Deng, Peng, Yong Gang Li e Jia Xin Li. "Prediction of Matte grade in Copper Flash Smelting Process based on LSTM and Mechanism Model". In 2022 41st Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ccc55666.2022.9902639.

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4

Peng, Xiaobo, Weihua Gui, Yonggang Li, Zhikun Hu e Lingyun Wang. "Operational Pattern Optimization for Copper Flash Smelting Process Based on Pattern Decomposition of Fuzzy Neural Networks". In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2007.4376777.

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