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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Fischer-Tropsch process"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Fischer-Tropsch process"

M. Shireesha, A. Jatin Bhanu Shankar, P. Sarath, K. Vishwajeeth,, D. Sohan Subodh e Shaik Imran. "Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Wastewater Treatment Study using DW SIM". International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering 13, n. 5 (30 novembre 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijsce.i9701.13051123.

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This project focuses on utilizing DWSIM to treat wastewater from the Fisher Tropsch Process. A well-known technique for transforming synthesis gas, a combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, into liquid hydrocarbons is the Fischer-Tropsch process. However, this procedure creates wastewater, which if not adequately treated, includes a variety of chemicals that can be detrimental to aquatic life. To get rid of these contaminants and satisfy regulatory standards, the Fischer-Tropsch process requires water treatment. The most often employed therapeutic modalities are physical, pharmacological, and biological therapies. In order to maintain the Fischer-Tropsch process' sustainability and environmental friendliness, efficient and effective water treatment is essential. The Fischer-Tropsch process can continue to be an effective way to make liquid hydrocarbons while minimizing its negative effects on aquatic habitats with the right water treatment. As a result, the goal of this research is to examine the treatment process, determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) level of Fischer Tropsch water obtained by distillation, reduce its concentration, and prepare the water for neutralization.

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Zhang, Shuai, Kangzhou Wang, Fugui He, Xinhua Gao, Subing Fan, Qingxiang Ma, Tiansheng Zhao e Jianli Zhang. "H2O Derivatives Mediate CO Activation in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Review". Molecules 28, n. 14 (19 luglio 2023): 5521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145521.

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The process of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is commonly described as a series of reactions in which CO and H2 are dissociated and adsorbed on the metals and then rearranged to produce hydrocarbons and H2O. However, CO dissociation adsorption is regarded as the initial stage of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and an essential factor in the control of catalytic activity. Several pathways have been proposed to activate CO, namely direct CO dissociation, activation hydrogenation, and activation by insertion into growing chains. In addition, H2O is considered an important by-product of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reactions and has been shown to play a key role in regulating the distribution of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis products. The presence of H2O may influence the reaction rate, the product distribution, and the deactivation rate. Focus on H2O molecules and H2O-derivatives (H*, OH* and O*) can assist CO activation hydrogenation on Fe- and Co-based catalysts. In this work, the intermediates (C*, O*, HCO*, COH*, COH*, CH*, etc.) and reaction pathways were analyzed, and the H2O and H2O derivatives (H*, OH* and O*) on Fe- and Co-based catalysts and their role in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reaction process were reviewed.

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Mazurova, Kristina, Albina Miyassarova, Oleg Eliseev, Valentine Stytsenko, Aleksandr Glotov e Anna Stavitskaya. "Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts for Selective Production of Diesel Fraction". Catalysts 13, n. 8 (16 agosto 2023): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13081215.

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The Fischer–Tropsch process is considered one of the most promising eco-friendly routes for obtaining synthetic motor fuels. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is a heterogeneous catalytic process in which a synthesis gas (CO/H2) transforms into a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, mainly linear alkanes. Recently, an important direction has been to increase the selectivity of the process for the diesel fraction. Diesel fuel synthesized via the Fischer–Tropsch method has a number of advantages over conventional fuel, including the high cetane number, the low content of aromatic, and the practically absent sulfur and nitrogen impurities. One of the possible ways to obtain a high yield of diesel fuel via the Fischer–Tropsch process is the development of selective catalysts. In this review, the latest achievements in the field of production of diesel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using catalysts are reviewed for the first time. Catalytic systems based on Al2O3 and mesoporous silicates, such as MCM-41, SBA-15, and micro- and mesoporous zeolites, are observed. Together with catalytic systems, the main factors that influence diesel fuel selectivity such as temperature, pressure, CO:H2 ratio, active metal particle size, and carrier pore size are highlighted. The motivation behind this work is due to the increasing need for alternative processes in diesel fuel production with a low sulfur content and better exploitation characteristics.

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Dry, Mark E. "The Fischer–Tropsch process: 1950–2000". Catalysis Today 71, n. 3-4 (gennaio 2002): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(01)00453-9.

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Dry, Mark E. "The fischer-tropsch process - commercial aspects". Catalysis Today 6, n. 3 (gennaio 1990): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(90)85002-6.

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Wender, I. "Rentech, Inc. and fischer-tropsch process". Applied Catalysis A: General 131, n. 2 (ottobre 1995): N13—N14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(95)80272-x.

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Davlatova, Muhabbat. "Study of the process of obtaining hydrocarbons on the basis of synthesis gas and the fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction". E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 05033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339005033.

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The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons. These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts, typically at temperatures of 150–300°C (302–572°F) and pressures of one to several tens of atmospheres. The Fischer–Tropsch process is an important reaction in both coal liquefaction and gas to liquids technology for producing liquid hydrocarbons. In the usual implementation, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the feedstocks for FT, are produced from coal, natural gas, or biomass in a process known as gasification. The process then converts these gases into synthetic lubrication oil and synthetic fuel. This process has received intermittent attention as a source of low-sulfur diesel fuel and to address the supply or cost of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch process is discussed as a step of producing carbon-neutral liquid hydrocarbon fuels from CO2 and hydrogen. The article is devoted to the use of synthesis gas as an alternative petroleum raw material for obtaining artificial liquid fuels, hydrocarbons (Fisher-Tropsch synthesis) and aldehydes (hydroformylation or oxo-synthesis). The mechanisms of the considered reactions are discussed.

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Zhao, Yu-Long, e Ding-Zhu Wang. "A slurry fischer—tropsch/ZSM-5 process". Applied Catalysis 75, n. 2 (gennaio 1991): N20—N21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)82741-4.

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Markova, M., A. Stepacheva, A. Gavrilenko e I. Petukhova. "Ru-containing Catalysts for Liquid-phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis". Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, n. 11 (15 novembre 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/10.33619/2414-2948/48/04.

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The search for new stable and active catalysts of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the key directions for production of liquid fuels from alternative raw materials. Stabilization of the active phase is the main task in the development of catalysts for hydrogenation of CO into liquid fuels. This problem can be solved by choosing the optimal support, as well as the synthesis method. This work is devoted to the development of new polymer mono– and bimetallic Ru-containing catalysts for liquid phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It is shown that the use of 1% Ru-HPS and 10% Co — 1% Ru-HPS allows to obtain a high yield of gasoline hydrocarbons (more than 70%), providing a high conversion of CO (up to 23%). The selected polymer-based systems showed high stability in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process.

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Shareef, Muhammad Faizan, Muhammad Arslan, Naseem Iqbal, Nisar Ahmad e Tayyaba Noor. "Development of Hydrotalcite Based Cobalt Catalyst by Hydrothermal and Co-precipitation Method for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis". Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 12, n. 3 (28 ottobre 2017): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.3.762.357-362.

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This paper presents the effect of a synthesis method for cobalt catalyst supported on hydrotalcite material for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The hydrotalcite supported cobalt (HT-Co) catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using various techniques like BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis), XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Fixed bed micro reactor was used to test the catalytic activity of prepared catalysts. The catalytic testing results demonstrated the performance of hydrotalcite based cobalt catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with high selectivity for liquid products. The effect of synthesis method on the activity and selectivity of catalyst was also discussed. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 3rd November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 9th March 2017; Available online: 27th October 2017; Published regularly: December 2017How to Cite: Sharif, M.S., Arslan, M., Iqbal, N., Ahmad, N., Noor, T. (2017). Development of Hydrotalcite Based Cobalt Catalyst by Hydrothermal and Co-precipitation Method for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12(3): 357-363 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.762.357-363)

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Tesi sul tema "Fischer-Tropsch process"

Frederick), Potgieter Hennie (Hendrik. "Fischer-Tropsch ionomeric waxes". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53427.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation describes work done on Fischer- Tropsch ionomeric waxes. The waxes are characterized with respect to the method of manufacture, the mechanism of the oxidation process, the saponification, the physical properties, the rheological properties, the morphology and the water absorption of the waxes. Different methods of physical and mechanical analysis are used to prove at which concentration level, for each type of cation tested arid for each type of oxidized and grafted wax prepared, the formation of multiplets and clusters within the Fischer- Tropsch ionomeric waxes takes place. An understanding of multiplet and cluster formation in Fischer- Tropsch ionomeric waxes is essential as these morphological phenomena control the mechanical and physical behaviour of the Fischer- Tropsch ionomeric waxes. The ability to be able to analyse the Fischer- Tropsch ionomeric waxes for multiplet and cluster formation should allow one to predict the physical and mechanical behaviour of the Fischer- Tropsch ionomeric waxes in practical applications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie skripsie beskryf werk gedoen op Fischer-Tropsch ionomeries wasse. Die wasse is gekarakteriseer ten opsigte van die vervaardigingsmetode, die meganisme van oksidasie, die verseping, hulle fisiese en reologiese eienskappe, hulle morfologie en water absorpsie. Verskillende metodes van fisiese en meganiese analiese is gebruik om te bewys by watter konsentrasie, vir 'n spesifieke katioon en vir 'n spesifieke geoksideerde of entwas, wanneer veelvoud of tros-vorming plaasvind. Die vermoë om te verstaan hoe en wanner veelvoude en trosse in Fischer- Tropsch ionomeries wasse vorm is van kardinale belang, aangesien die fisiese en meganiese eienskappe van die Fischer- Tropsch ionomeries wasse direk beinvloed word deur die vorming van veelvoude en trosse. Die vermoë om Fischer- Tropsch ionemeries wasse te kan analiseer vir veelvoud en tros vorming is voordelig om Fischer- Tropsch ionomeries wasse se meganiese en fisiese eienskappe in praktiese aanwendings te voorspel.

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Finch, Karol Paula. "Synthesis, characterisation and reactivity studies of μ(α, ω)-alkanediyl complexes of ruthenium, iron and cobalt". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21938.

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The new series of μ(α, ω)-alkanediyl compounds of ruthenium, [CpRu(CO)₂]₂[μ-(CH₂)ₙ], where n=5-10, have been prepared from Na[CpRu(CO)₂] and the corresponding diiodoalkane. These compounds, which are stable crystalline solids at ambient temperature, have been fully characterised by microanalysis, infrared, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, melting point and mass spectrometry. The new heterodinuclear complex [Cp(CO)₂Fe(CH₂)₄Ru(CO)₂Cp] has been synthesised by the reaction of [CpFe(CO)₂(CH₂)₄I] with Na[CpRu(CO)₂] and characterised by all the above mentioned techniques.

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McNab, Andrew Irvine. "Quantification and qualification of species adsorbed on Fischer-Tropsch catalysts". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235995.

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Due to the combined heavy dependence on crude oil and the unpredictable nature of the associated markets, an alternative means to produce the required hydrocarbon based products is much desired. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis provides a route to the production of synthetic crude oil by a catalytic reaction between carbon monoxide and hydrogen (collectively referred to as syngas) at moderate temperatures and pressures. First discovered in the early 1900's, the process results in a multitude of products which can supply a range of transportation fuels and petrochemicals. However, knowledge of the reaction process is still not completely understood due to the complex product distribution which is obtained. In order to gain better control over the process outputs, enhancing the understanding of the mechanistic routes which govern the overall reaction is key. A novel route was developed to monitor the number and length of hydrocarbon species which accumulate and grow on the catalyst surface during the reaction by implementing in situ quantitative FTIR spectroscopy. Initially molar absorption coefficients, required in order to quantify the adsorbed hydrocarbon species, were determined utilising a custom made thermogravimetric infrared cell. The resulting absorption coefficients values were then applied to data which was derived from infrared spectra collected for various catalysts during multiple Fischer-Tropsch reactions. The quantitative analysis of the catalyst surface was then compared with reaction data collected using gas chromatography (GC), in order to investigate if a link exists between the surface species and reaction products. Results showed that while no direct link was detected, the observed surface species could be attributed to oxygenate products of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction which are not produced in a detectable amount by GC. The species were shown to reside on both the metal and support material, with the transportation mechanism to the support also investigated.

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Pienaar, Andrew. "Metal carboxylate complexes relevant to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1158.

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Govender, Nilenindran Sundra. "Recycling the tail-gas during the low temperature Fischer-Tropsch process". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5328.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-106).
For the economically viable operation of an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch technology, two options are available: (i) use a diluted feed, such as nitrogenrich synthesis gas, thereby saving on synthesis gas costs [Jess et aI., 1999] or (ii) recycle of the unconverted synthesis gas that leaves the reactor, after condensation of the liquid products (or use a number of reactors in series with intermediate condensation of the products). The tail-gas from the FischerTropsch reactor contains un-reacted synthesis gas, CO2, water vapour and lower hydrocarbons (oletins, paraffins and oxygenates). This stream can in principle be recycled back to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and thereby reducing the load on the reformers. However, it is necessary to understand what effects the constituents in the tail gas will have on the Fischer-Tropsch process when this stream is recycled back directly to the Fischer-Tropsch reactors.

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Nguyen, Tuan Huy Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Semiconductor oxide supported Mo and Mo-W carbide catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26969.

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Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to produce sulphur free hydrocarbons has enjoyed a resurgent in interests due to increases in world oil prices. In this work, the suitability of Mo and Mo-W carbides has been investigated as a possible cost-effective alternative to noble metals in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The molybdenum and tungsten monometallic and bimetallic carbides were prepared through precipitation from homogeneous solution to the sulphide followed by carburization with a mixture of propane and hydrogen to produce the resulting metal carbide. A 23 factorial design strategy was employed to investigate the effect of three carburizing variables, namely, time, temperature and gas ratio on the resulting catalyst. In particular, the effect of supports was also examined through four common semiconductor oxide supports, namely: Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and ZrO2. Thermogravimetric analysis of the carburization reactions showed that the conversion from metal sulphide to the metal carbides is a multistep process producing different phases of carbides, namely ??-MoC1-x, ??-Mo2C, ?? -WC1-x and ??-W2C, depending on heating rate and temperature. The rate determining step of the carburising reaction is the diffusion of carbon atoms into the metal matrix, hence giving relatively low activation energy values. Statistical analysis of the factorial design revealed that all three carburizing variables affect the final physiochemical makeup of the catalyst. SEM analysis showed that the carbides are well dispersed on the surface of the support and catalyst particles produced are nanoparticles in the range of 25 to 220 nm depending on the support. Fischer-Tropsch activity test showed that monometallic molybdenum carbide is active under Fischer-Tropsch conditions while tungsten carbide is inactive for the conditions studied in this project. However, bimetallic carbide catalyst, consisting of the two mentioned metals gave overall higher reaction rates and decreased methane selectivity. Steady state analysis revealed that there are two active sites on the surface of molybdenum carbide catalyst resulting in two chain growth propagation values when analysed via the Anderson-Schulz-Flory kinetics. Overall, ZrO2 support appeared to be the most suitable support followed by SiO2, TiO2 and Al2O3. Finally, kinetic modelling of data showed that methanation and higher hydrocarbons formation path occurs via combination of the oxygenated intermediate and Eley-Rideal mechanism.

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Lee, Yong Joon Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Synthesis, characterisation, and evaluation of supported cobalt molybdenum nitride for Fischer-Tropsch reaction". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Chemical Sciences & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41487.

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Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) is known as the most practical way to convert natural gas to hydrocarbon products including synthetic fuel depending on the catalysts and operating conditions. Australia has 25% of world's natural gas resources hence Australia's crude oil dependency can be reduced extensively by developing catalysts that will facilitate the technique of converting natural gas to synthetic fuel. Molybdenum nitride has been employed in this study for FTS because of its superior mechanical strength, stability, exceptional resistance to carbon deposition & suifur poisoning. In particular, molybdenum nitride is endowed with similar electronic properties to those of noble metals. Other transition metal nitrides such as Co nitride and Co-Mo nitride were also investigated in this study. The physicochemical attributes of nitride catalysts were examined by BET surface area, particle dispersion, acid site strength & concentration, and surface elemental composition. Gas to solid nitridation kinetic was thermogravimetrically monitored. CO hydrogenation activity was measured in a fixed bed reactor using various syngas compositions and temperatures at atmospheric pressure. The effect of nitridation conditions on catalytic properties of nitrides was investigated via 23 factorial design. It has revealed that nitridation parameters; temperature, nitriding gas composition (H2:NH3) and nitridation reaction time were all significantly influencing catalyst properties. The optimal nitridation condition was 973 K, H2:NH3=1: 1, and 4 hours of nitriding time which gave higher alkene selectivity. 20 wt% M02N/Ah03 was found to be the better FT catalyst compare to catalysts with lower Mo loading and other inorganic oxide supports. Nitridation kinetic studied by thermogravimetric analysis showed that successful nitridation of transition metal oxide precursor was dependent of nitridation temperature and hydrogen concentration. Co-Mo nitride has several forms of nitride species, COS.47N, C03M03N, MoN, and Mo2N. It was shown that COS.47N was the most active component favouring the CO hydrogenation rate and alkene selectivity. Mechanistically-based kinetic models suggested that methanation over Co nitride occurs mainly via surface carbon while surface oxygenated intermediates were accountable for methanation over Co-Mo nitride and Mo nitride.

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Steynberg, Andre Peter. "Process intensification for the iron-catalysed slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch Reactor System". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13279.

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Includes bibliographical references.
A set of operating conditions was identified with the potential to enable improved slurryphase reactor productivity for hydrocarbon production using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Compared to the most relevant prior art publication, this requires operation at higher gas velocity, higher catalyst concentration and at higher temperature and/or pressure. The closest prior art proposal was published by Van der Laan et al. (1999) and a target was set to improve the reactor productivity by at least 50 %, relative to this reference, while also ensuring stable catalyst performance. Prediction of gas holdup in the reactor is essential to determine the reactor productivity and previous correlations used to predict gas holdup are potentially unreliable for extrapolation to the new proposed conditions. A new approach is adapted, from previous theoretical approaches, to provide a more fundamental and reliable basis for gas holdup prediction. Referred to as the ¡®adapted two-phase theory¡¯ it predicts the gas holdup at any slurry solids concentration using data from a representative solids-free liquid. This approach is shown to provide accurate predictions for paraffinic liquids using data covering a wide range of solids concentrations. Two laboratory reactor experiments were performed, at 260 and 270 ¢ªC, to characterise the selected catalyst performance at conditions relevant to the newly proposed operating regime. An achievable reactor performance was calculated corresponding to the catalyst performance from the experiment at 270 ¢ªC and using the new approach to predict gas holdup. Compared to the proposal by Van der Laan et al. (1999), a reactor with a given diameter is able to produce almost double the amount of product (94 % more with a lower slurry bed height). This is achievable by using higher catalyst concentrations and, most importantly, using a higher operating temperature. The undesirable methane selectivity, at or below 4 %, is still acceptable when operating at 270 ¢ªC. In spite of the higher reactor productivity with increasing temperature, the optimum operating temperature, in the range from 250 to 270 ¢ªC, may depend on the selectivity to the desired hydrocarbon products. The scope for further potential reactor productivity improvement is described. More work is needed to accurately quantify the selected iron catalyst selectivity performance, in the proposed temperature range, but the hydrocarbon selectivity was found to be insensitive to other operating conditions (i.e. pressure and gas composition). It is now possible to better quantify the reactor productivity in the trade-offs which are made with the selectivity performance and the overall plant design configuration which requires recycle of carbon dioxide to the methane reformers to adjust feed gas H2/CO ratio for natural gas applications. The carbon dioxide selectivity for the selected catalyst at the conditions tested was found to be too high for gas-to-liquid (GTL) applications using a natural gas feed.

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Goho, Danielle Sympathie. "Selective production of nitrogen-containing compounds via a modified Fischer-Tropsch process". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33736.

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Research on the co-feeding of ammonia into the Fischer-Tropsch (FTS) process over ironbased catalysts revealed that the presence of ammonia during the FTS leads to the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs). Recent studies on the addition of ammonia to the FTS process, now known as the Nitrogen Fischer-Tropsch (NFTS) process, reported that the production of NCCs during the NFTS process is enhanced by the presence of oxygenates. The studies, therefore, suggested that oxygenates are the primary precursors of NCCs. However, due to the gap in knowledge related to the NFTS reactions mechanisms, the validity of this assumption is still unknown. In this thesis, the aim was to investigate the correlation between the presence of oxygenates under the FTS conditions and the formation of NCCs under the NFTS conditions and check the suitability of various iron-based catalysts for the NFTS process. From literature, four ironbased catalysts, known for yielding a high percentage of oxygenates, were identified, synthesised, characterised and then tested under FTS conditions to determine the optimum reaction conditions for oxygenates formation. It was found that high oxygenates selectivity can be achieved at low temperature and high space velocity as at these operating conditions the occurrence of secondary reactions involving oxygenates are limited. Furthermore, the catalysts were tested under NFTS conditions to determine their catalytic performance and their selectivity towards NCCs. During the NFTS process, in addition to the decrease in the CO conversion, a significant drop in the oxygenates and CO2 selectivity followed by the formation of NCCs were observed. These results confirmed a sight activity inhibiting effect of ammonia and pointed out the correlation between the presence of oxygenates and the formation of NCCs under FTS and NFTS processes respectively. At the conditions applied, selectivities of up to 17.9 C% of NCCs (predominantly nitriles) could be obtained. This modified process may therefore be considered as an important variation of the FTS process with greatly enhanced chemicals production potential.

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Wigzell, Fiona A. "Characterising the activation process for cobalt catalysts used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3753/.

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The effects of precursor, support and calcination procedure on the physical and chemical properties of supported cobalt catalysts have been investigated. A multiple characterisation approach of thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy was employed in order to gain understanding into the calcination and reduction processes. In addition, the catalysts were screened on a purpose built fixed bed reactor, under industrially relevant conditions, to determine effect of catalyst preparation on Fischer-Tropsch activity.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Fischer-Tropsch process"

Klerk, Arno de. Fischer-Tropsch refining. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2011.

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André, Steynberg, e Dry Mark, a cura di. Fischer-Tropsch technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.

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Ojeda, M. Biofuels from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Ojeda, M. Biofuels from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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1934-, Davis Burtron H., e Occelli Mario L. 1942-, a cura di. Advances in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, catalysts, and catalysis. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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1934-, Davis Burtron H., e Occelli Mario L. 1942-, a cura di. Advances in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, catalysts, and catalysis. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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1934-, Davis Burtron H., e Occelli Mario L. 1942-, a cura di. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, catalysts and catalysis. Boston: Elsevier, 2007.

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Klerk, Arno de. Beyond Fischer-Tropsch: Coal-to-liquid production and refining. Boston: Elsevier, 2009.

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1932-, Guczi L., a cura di. New trends in CO activation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Edward, Furimsky, e Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), a cura di. Catalysis in the refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude. Cambridge: RSC Publishing, 2010.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Fischer-Tropsch process"

Zennaro, Roberto. "Fischer-Tropsch Process Economics". In Greener Fischer-Tropsch Processes for Fuels and Feedstocks, 149–69. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656837.ch7.

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Speight, James G. "Chemicals from the Fischer–Tropsch Process". In Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 385–419. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] | Series: Chemical industries: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429155611-10.

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Rytter, Erling, Esther Ochoa-Fernández e Adil Fahmi. "Biomass-to-Liquids by the Fischer-Tropsch Process". In Catalytic Process Development for Renewable Materials, 265–308. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656639.ch10.

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De Blasio, Cataldo. "Fischer–Tropsch (FT) Synthesis to Biofuels (BtL Process)". In Fundamentals of Biofuels Engineering and Technology, 287–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11599-9_20.

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Dry, Mark E. "Chemicals Produced in a Commercial Fischer-Tropsch Process". In ACS Symposium Series, 18–33. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0328.ch002.

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Tucker, Chelsea, e Eric van Steen. "Waste to Fuels Via The Fischer-Tropsch Process a Modularized Approach". In Solid Waste Management, 246–67. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003189602-13.

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de Klerk, Arno, Yong-Wang Li e Roberto Zennaro. "Fischer-Tropsch Technology". In Greener Fischer-Tropsch Processes for Fuels and Feedstocks, 53–79. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656837.ch3.

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Okoye-Chine, Chike George, Joshua Gorimbo, Mahluli Moyo, Yali Yao, Xinying Liu, Diane Hildebrandt e James Alistair Fox. "Chapter 14. Biomass to Liquid Fuel via Fischer–Tropsch (BTL-FT) Synthesis: Process Description and Economic Analysis". In Catalysis Series, 412–27. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167829-00412.

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Maitlis, Peter M. "What is Fischer-Tropsch?" In Greener Fischer-Tropsch Processes for Fuels and Feedstocks, 1–15. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656837.ch1.

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Pretorius, Julius, e Arno de Klerk. "Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Life Cycle". In Greener Fischer-Tropsch Processes for Fuels and Feedstocks, 267–79. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656837.ch13.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Fischer-Tropsch process"

Asami, Kenji, Wensheng Linghu, Xiaohong Li e Kaoru Fujimoto. "Synthesis of High Quality Liquid Fuels by Supercritical Phase Fischer-Tropsch Process". In 2003 JSAE/SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1943.

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GOTOVSKY, MIKHAIL, ALEXANDER GOTOVSKY, VITALY LYCHAKOV, VLADIMIR MIKHAYLOV, YURY SUKHORUKOV e EKATERINA SUKHORUKOVA. "FORMATE FISCHER–TROPSCH PROCESS FOR PRODUCING TRADITIONAL ENERGY CARRIERS WITH ZERO CARBON BALANCE". In ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2019. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus190141.

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Magone, Laurence G., Alex Barker e Leora Peltz. "Life Cycle Assessment of Producing Synthetic Fuel via the Fischer-Tropsch Power to Liquid Process". In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0261.

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Septiani, Dina, e Rinaldi Rachman. "Process Simulation Fischer Tropsch Syntehsis Gas-to-Liquid (GtL) from Sales Gas Using Aspen HSYSYS". In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Engineering, Infrastructure and Development, ICO-SEID 2022, 23-24 November 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.23-11-2022.2341576.

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Bozhenko, E. A., A. I. Sobchinskij, M. G. Zharkova e A. V. Olshevskaya. "EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCARBONS WITH THE USE OF COBALT CATALYSTS". In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.492-496.

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Abstract (sommario):

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is the main process for the production of synthetic hydrocarbons. The raw material of the process is a mixture of CO and H2, called synthesis gas. The process is carried out using catalysts based on cobalt or iron, supported on carriers of various nature. The composition of the resulting product depends on the process conditions and the catalyst used. Hydrocarbon synthesis technologies are developed and introduced into production by both foreign and some Russian companies.

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Okai, Keiichi, Takuya Mizuno, Katsuhiko Shinoda, Atsushi Fujii, Yasuhiko Kojima, Kiyohiko Sakai e Yuta Shibahara. "Development and Testing of Integrated Process of Woody Biomass Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis for Bio-derived Aviation Fuel". In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3670.

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Payri, Francisco, Jean Arrègle, Carlos Fenollosa, Gérard Belot, Alain Delage, Paul Schaberg, Ian Myburgh e Johan Botha. "Characterisation of the Injection-Combustion Process in a Common Rail D.I. Diesel Engine Running with Sasol Fischer-Tropsch Fuel". In CEC/SAE Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1803.

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Martelli, Emanuele, Thomas G. Kreutz, Manuele Gatti, Paolo Chiesa e Stefano Consonni. "Design Criteria and Optimization of Heat Recovery Steam Cycles for High-Efficiency, Coal-Fired, Fischer-Tropsch Plants". In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69661.

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In this work, the “HRSC Optimizer”, a recently developed optimization methodology for the design of Heat Recovery Steam Cycles (HRSCs), Steam Generators (HRSGs) and boilers, is applied to the design of steam cycles for three interesting coal fired, gasification based, plants with CO2 capture: a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis process with high recycle fraction of the unconverted FT gases (CTL-RC-CCS), a FT synthesis process with once-through reactor (CTL-OT-CCS), and an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC-CCS) based on the same technologies. The analysis reveals that designing efficient HRSCs for the IGCC and the once-through FT plant is relatively straightforward, while designing the HRSC for plant CTL-RC-CCS is very challenging because the recoverable thermal power is concentrated at low temperatures (i.e., below 260 °C) and only a small fraction can be used to superheat steam. As a consequence of the improved heat integration, the electric efficiency of the three plants is increased by about 2 percentage points with respect to the solutions previously published.

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Soloiu, Valentin, Remi Gaubert, Jose Moncada, Spencer Harp, Kyle Flowers e Marcel Ilie. "Partially Premixed Compression Ignition of Fischer Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (S8) With PFI of N-Butanol". In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3674.

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The combustion in an experimental medium duty direct injected engine was investigated in a dual mode process known as partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI). Both a common rail fuel injection system and port fuel injection (PFI) system have been custom designed and developed for the experimental single cylinder engine in order to research the combustion and emissions characteristics of Fischer Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene (S8) with PFI of n-butanol in a low temperature combustion mode (LTC). Baseline results in single fuel (ULSD) combustion were compared to dual fuel strategies coupling both the low and high reactivity fuels. The low reactivity fuel, n-butanol, was port fuel injected in the intake manifold at a constant 30% fuel mass and direct injection of a high reactivity fuel initiated the combustion. The high reactivity fuels are ULSD and a gas to liquid fuel (GTL/S8). Research has been conducted at a constant speed of 1500 RPM at swept experimental engine loads from 3.8 bar to 5.8 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). Boost pressure and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were added at constant levels of 3 psi and 30% respectively. Dual fuel combustion with GTL advanced ignition timing due to the high auto ignition quality and volatility of the fuel. Low temperature heat release (LTHR) was also experienced for each dual-fuel injection strategy prior to the injection of the high reactivity fuel. Peak in-cylinder gas temperatures were similar for each fueling strategy, maintaining peak temperatures below 1400°C. Combustion duration increased slightly in ULSD-PPCI compared to single fuel combustion due to the low reactivity of n-butanol and was further extended with GTL-PPCI from early ignition timing and less premixing. The effect of the combustion duration and ignition delay increased soot levels for dual fuel GTL compared to dual fuel ULSD at 5.8 bar IMEP where the combustion duration is the longest. NOx levels were lowest for GTL-PPCI at each load, with up to a 70% reduction compared to ULSD-PPCI. Combustion efficiencies were also reduced for dual fuel combustion, however the atomization quality of GTL compared to ULSD increased combustion efficiency to reach that of single fuel combustion at 5.8 bar IMEP.

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Rahbari, Alireza, Ali Shirazi, Mahesh B. Venkataraman e John Pye. "The impact of low-cost H2 on the solar fuel process design: A case study in solar gasified Fischer–Tropsch fuels". In SOLARPACES 2019: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0035154.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Fischer-Tropsch process"

K. Jothimurugesan. Attrition resistant catalysts for slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/755082.

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Withers, H. P., D. B. Bukur e M. P. Rosynek. Development and process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5063679.

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Withers, H. P., D. B. Bukur e M. P. Rosynek. Development of process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5063684.

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Withers, H., D. Bukur e M. Rosynek. Development and process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5128229.

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Satterfield, C., R. Hanlon, D. Matsumoto, T. Donnelly e I. Yates. Fischer-Tropsch slurry phase process variations to understand wax formation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5271796.

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Gregor, J. H., C. D. Gosling e H. E. Fullerton. Upgrading Fischer-Tropsch LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) with the Cyclar process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7171062.

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Bukur, D. B., D. Mukesh, S. A. Patel, W. H. Zimmerman, M. P. Rosynek e L. J. Kellogg. Development and process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185415.

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