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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Financial Transaction Manager"
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Iskandar, Edi, Sur Yanti, Herdiesel Santoso e Istika Dwi Kusumaningrum. "ASSISTANCE IN FINANCIAL TRANSACTION RECORDING TRAINING AT THE KAKI LANGIT TOURISM VILLAGE". International Journal of Social Science 2, n. 4 (3 dicembre 2022): 1791–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v2i4.4138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Financial information such as information on capital turnover, profits generated or assets owned by the company is important, so that the recording must be done properly. Kaki Langit Tourism Village has problems in recording financial transactions because the management does not understand the correct recording of financial transactions in producing financial information. The method used in the Financial Transaction Recording Training Assistance activity at the Kaki Langit Tourism Village is the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. The assistance carried out by the service team uses the PAR method whose implementation includes several stages, namely the introduction to Accounting and the recording process, the recording stage, the posting stage, the balance sheet preparation stage, the adjustment process stage and the 10-column Worksheet, and the Financial Statement stage. At the end of the mentoring, the manager of the Kaki Langit Tourism Village has knowledge that is applied in recording business financial transactions so as to produce financial information that can be used in decision making.
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Putra Sarumaha, One Three Jaya, e Yefrie MC Liu. "PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KEUANGAN BERBASIS WEB PADA PT. RAJAWALI PENTA GRAFIKA JAKARTA". Jurnal Informatika dan Komputasi: Media Bahasan, Analisa dan Aplikasi 15, n. 02 (28 ottobre 2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56956/jiki.v15i02.91.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The financial management process at PT. Rajawali Penta Grafika Jakarta is said to be computerized, by relying on paper for archiving financial data, so that errors often occur in the process of recording transactions and calculations so that employee performance is less efficient, and obtaining this non-financial information takes a long time. This is an obstacle so that when the finance department is outside the company, it cannot make transactions and allows managers to see the financial situation quickly. Seeing the problems that occur, it is necessary to build a web-based financial information system that can facilitate the performance of the financial department and managers in the financial data processing process and can provide more systematic financial information. The application development method is the waterfall method, while the data research method used is observation, interviews, and literature studies. The design method used is Flowmap. The programming language used is CodeIgniter Framework, PHP and MySQL database. This system includes two levels of access rights for the Finance Section and Manager and some content, namely dashboard, transaction data, and financial reports. With the construction of this financial information system, it can facilitate the performance of financial staff in activities and analyze financial reports at PT. Rajawali Penta Grafika Jakarta better.
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Hermaliani, Eni Heni, e Devy Narulyta. "ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI MELALUI PEMANFAATAN ZAHIR ACCOUNTING (STUDI KASUS : PT. ANEKA SISTIM INFORMASI BOGOR)". Jurnal Ilmiah SINUS 16, n. 1 (17 gennaio 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30646/sinus.v16i1.333.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PT. Aneka Sistim Informasi is a company engaged in trade and services, in which the process of processing and application of financial transaction data is still using conventional system. Through this research the authors describe the outline of accounting information using Zahir Accounting application. Accounting information system is a computer-based system that includes the transaction processing cycle, the use of information technology and information system development. The purpose of this research is to facilitate data entry transaction and financial reporting using accounting program applications. While the data collection method used is a direct observation of transactions that occur in the daily activities of business process activities, then do the interview on the Store Manager and Administration. The literature review studies complement two previous data collection techniques to strengthen theoretically. The result of data processing by using the application of accounting program starts from data entry by doing initial setup, beginning balance, master data up to transaction entry. Thus it will automatically generate the necessary financial statements to be more effective and efficient in making financial statements and facilitate the decision-making process. Keywords : Technology Adoption, Accounting Information System, Zahir Accounting
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Priyambodo, Victoria K., L. Takdir Jumaidi e Paradisa Sukma. "Training and Assistance of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) Financial Reporting in Kekeri Village, West Lombok". ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 8, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2023): 1274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v8i2.13962.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) Inti Sejahtera is located in Kekeri Village, Gunungsari, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. It has three activity units, including a waste management unit, a development unit, and a trade unit. Of the three existing units, only the waste management unit operates adequately and generates regular income for BUMDes. BUMDes encounters issues in terms of financial management and preparing financial reports that are transparent and adhere to accounting principles. Transaction recording is still conducted manually, hence posing challenges in preparing the necessary financial reports. On the other hand, BUMDes funding comes from PADes, so BUMDes must provide financial reports to the village government as a form of accountability. This community service aims to resolve financial management limitations at BUMDes Inti Sejahtera by providing training and assistance to managers regarding the preparation of BUMDes financial reports. The method carried out is identifying problems in BUMDes (pre-training stage), then providing practical training and assistance in preparing financial reports according to accounting principles using the Microsoft Excel Macro application, which is adapted to BUMDES transaction accounts, as well as conducting evaluation reviews and monitoring of reports prepared by the manager. The outcome of this activity is that BUMDes managers acquire the capability to independently enter transactions and make account adjustments. Furthermore, the results suggest that BUMDes managers possess the necessary knowledge and skills to prepare financial reports in accordance with accounting principles by utilizing the Microsoft Excel macro-application. It can be concluded that BUMDes Inti Sejahtera managers can improve their accounting skills and use technological information to prepare and present BUMDes financial reports.
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Loveri, Tomi Tm. "SISTEM INFORMASI APLIKASI PENGELOLAAN TRANSAKSI KEUANGAN DAN PENDATAAN KONSUMEN PADA CV. PUPLAS". Jurnal Sains dan Informatika 4, n. 2 (28 novembre 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jsi.v4i2.3584.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<em>The author conducted research on Cv. Puplas s, aims to know about financial management and data collection of consumers in Cv. Puplas. Transaction management and report creation that is still manual and do not have a database, so often the occurrence of errors in the processing of financial transactions. Likewise, when the consumer data processing and reporting process given to the leadership takes a long time and less efficient, because the data is still in the form of archives. To overcome this problem, the writer tries to design a system that can solve the problem. This research is done using field research method with direct observation and interview, then in Library Research for Literature study and laboratory research to design Information System using Web Programing CodeIgniter and SQLyog as database manager</em>
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Shahriar Hazari, Shihab, e Qusay H. Mahmoud. "Improving Transaction Speed and Scalability of Blockchain Systems via Parallel Proof of Work". Future Internet 12, n. 8 (27 luglio 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12080125.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A blockchain is a distributed ledger forming a distributed consensus on a history of transactions, and is the underlying technology for the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Its applications are far beyond the financial sector. The transaction verification process for cryptocurrencies is much slower than traditional digital transaction systems. One approach to scalability or the speed at which transactions are processed is to design a solution that offers faster Proof of Work. In this paper, we propose a method for accelerating the process of Proof of Work based on parallel mining rather than solo mining. The goal is to ensure that no more than two or more miners put the same effort into solving a specific block. The proposed method includes a process for selection of a manager, distribution of work and a reward system. This method has been implemented in a test environment that contains all the characteristics needed to perform Proof of Work for Bitcoin and has been tested, using a variety of case scenarios, by varying the difficulty level and number of validators. Experimental evaluations were performed locally and in a cloud environment, and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility the proposed method.
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Kitaev, S. V., Yu V. Kolotilov, I. V. Gladkov e P. N. Lenskiy. "MODELS OF A CONSTRUCTION CONSORTIUM'S ACTIVITY DURING RESTRUCTURING IN THE SECURITIES MARKETS". Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 3, n. 37 (2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2021-3-37-25-34.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The central issue when choosing a strategy for consolidating or restructuring the consortium's capital is the task of determining the «value» of acquired or sold assets, the effectiveness of actions to change the structure of controlled capital from the point of view of the company's interests. Uncertainty and subjectivity of estimates is an inherent property of the very concept of «asset value». It would be naive to assume (although this belief is explicitly or implicitly present in many economic publications): - that any statistical data, measurements, observations, calculations on models, statistical estimates, etc. can «objectively» identify asset values. The book value of assets is their formally recorded accounting estimate (for the purpose of calculating depreciation, taxation, etc.), which is not directly related to their value for the company. Market value (stock price) is also not an objective measure of asset value for a manager, but only provides an important guideline for possible financial transactions; - that the manager (meaning a good manager) can and will make or propose to the management decisions on investments-divestments by simply comparing the estimated estimates of the values of assets. He will do this on the basis of his beliefs, ideas about the future, intuition, and calculations, research, etc. can only affect these beliefs and give arguments for the formation of the opinions of those persons on whom decision-making depends. It can be argued that the main content of the work of a financial manager is the correct assessment of values from the point of view of the company. If value in the common sense could be measured by objective methods, bidding and negotiating when making deals would lose all meaning. The main content of any transaction (free, of course) is precisely the mutually beneficial exchange of values, which fundamentally have different utility (subjective assessment of benefits) from the point of view of the parties to the transaction (actors). This explanation goes back to the works of one of the founders of economic science, R. Marshall. A transaction in which actor 1 exchanges good A for good B belonging to actor 2 is possible only if for actor 1 utility A is less than utility B, and for actor 2, on the contrary, utility B is less than utility A. Therefore, all exchanges are possible only after clarifying the subjective assessments of the usefulness of the goods exchanged (fundamentally different for the parties to the transaction), and the introduction of «objective» values into consideration only takes away from the essence of the matter. Let us illustrate the proposed approach to the quantitative assessment of subjective measures of the utility of assets by the example of the formation of schemes for the exchange of one means of payment for others between a certain set of actors.
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Saqib, Nazar Abbas, e Shahad Talla AL-Talla. "Scaling Up Security and Efficiency in Financial Transactions and Blockchain Systems". Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 12, n. 2 (3 aprile 2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan12020031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Blockchain, the underlying technology powering the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, is a distributed ledger that creates a distributed consensus on a history of transactions. Cryptocurrency transaction verification takes substantially longer than it does for conventional digital payment systems. Despite blockchain’s appealing benefits, one of its main drawbacks is scalability. Designing a solution that delivers a quicker proof of work is one method for increasing scalability or the rate at which transactions are processed. In this paper, we suggest a solution based on parallel mining rather than solo mining to prevent more than two miners from contributing an equal amount of effort to solving a single block. Moreover, we propose the idea of automatically selecting the optimal manager over all miners by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This process solves many problems of blockchain scalability and makes the system more scalable by decreasing the waiting time if the manager fails to respond. Additionally, the proposed model includes the process of a reward system and the distribution of work. In this work, we propose the particle swarm optimization proof of work (PSO-POW) model. Three scenarios have been tested including solo mining, parallel mining without using the PSO process, and parallel mining using the PSO process (PSO-POW model) to ensure the power and robustness of the proposed model. This model has been tested using a range of case situations by adjusting the difficulty level and the number of peers. It has been implemented in a test environment that has all the qualities required to perform proof of work for Bitcoin. A comparison between three different scenarios has been constructed against difficulty levels and the number of peers. Local experimental assessments were carried out, and the findings show that the suggested strategy is workable, solves the scalability problems, and enhances the overall performance of the blockchain network.
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Glaser, Stan. "The value of the manager in the value chain". Management Decision 44, n. 3 (1 marzo 2006): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740610656304.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PurposeIt is argued that the management of the diverse commercial imperatives of the participants in the value chain is partly achieved by negotiation. Seeks to describe the mechanism by which negotiation achieves satisfactory outcomes, capturing ome of the strategic financial impacts by the cash conversion coefficient and its derivative, the velocity of money.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of the ways in which negotiation contributes to the mutual benefit of partners in the value chain.FindingsIt is demonstrated, using the metric of money, that both parties can be better off, and shows the “value” they bring to the partnership.Originality/valueA demonstration of why market‐based, negotiated outcomes leave both parties to a transaction better off. Inter alia introduces the concept of the velocity of money in an industrial context.
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Pradipta, Bagas Noval, Lantip Susilowati e Husnul Haq. "IMPLEMENTASI SOFTWARE AXATA POS DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA KLINIK KESEHATAN DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF MANAJEMEN BISNIS SYARIAH". Imara: JURNAL RISET EKONOMI ISLAM 4, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/imara.v4i2.2376.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Health is one of the important things in life. Health service is the most important necessary, along with increasing public awareness of the importance of health. Sima Husada Clinic is a health clinic which is focused on outpatients and inpatients, in which the data processing transaction used is a manual system. In this research, the researcher will elaborate in outline about accounting information by using software AxataPOS. The aim of this research is to describe accounting program facilitiy, in order to simplify entering data transaction and organizing financial report. The research method of this study were descriptive research. In collecting the data, the researcher used observation directly about daily transaction, beside that the researcher also did interview with the manager and Administration. The result of this research showed that the implementation of software AxataPOS to Sima Husada Clinic can be applied since it eases the clinic in processing the data of financial transaction for instance recording the cash out and cash in, payroll, medical stock such as the outcoming item, the incoming item and stock opname, and in the perspective of sharia business management a system is very much needed to make it easier to achieve the benefit of society. In this case, automatically it will generate the financial report which is needed without a long stage.
Libri sul tema "Financial Transaction Manager"
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Hsieh, Lawrence. Corporate transactions handbook : a deal structure primer for attorneys, managers, entrepreneurs and financial professionals. Brooklandville, Md: Data Trace Pub., 2011.
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Alekseeva, Gul'nara. Documenting business operations and maintaining accounting records of the organization's property. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1905753.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The textbook contains all the issues of documenting business transactions and accounting of the organization's property and is written on the basis of current regulations and legislative acts, federal accounting standards.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the specialty 38.02.01 "Economics and accounting (by industry)", as well as specialists in financial services of organizations and managers of economic entities.
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The Open The Open Courses Library. Transaction Analysis: Financial Strategy for Public Managers. Independently Published, 2019.
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Ross, Fentem. Part VI Remedies, 18 Remedies. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705956.003.0018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter considers the law on remedies for investor losses. It explains how the advice, recommendation, information, or opinion tendered by the financial adviser must be considered from three perspectives: that of the specific person, who is the object of the adviser's retainer; in respect of the specific purpose for which the advice was sought; and in reference to the specific transaction into which the individual enters in reliance on the advice given. It then discusses damages under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000; compensation for specific produces, including protection policies, pension products, mortgage products, and investment products; incidental heads of claim; regulatory remedies; judicial review of decisions of the FCA, the FSCS manager, and the FSO.
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Timothy, Spangler. 16 The Global Frontiers of Private Investment Funds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198807247.003.0016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter discusses the global expansion of private investment funds in the twenty-first century, focusing on two regions: Asia and the Middle East. In particular, it examines questions about the balance of power between fund managers and investors, the role of top-down regulation in non-public financial transactions, and the ability of private monitoring solutions to provide a meaningful alternative to such approaches. The chapter first describes the asset management industry in the United Arab Emirates, with emphasis on the roles of the Dubai International Financial Centre and the Dubai Financial Services Authority, before turning to Saudi Arabia and Islamic investment funds. It also considers Hong Kong and Singapore as centres of private investment funds in Asia, along with passporting and recognition that facilitate the cross-border offering of funds in other participating jurisdictions throughout the continent.
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Vassiliadis, Vassilios, e Georgios Dounias. Algorithmic Trading based on Biologically Inspired Algorithms. A cura di Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan e Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.11.
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The chapter discusses algorithmic trading, which refers to any automated process, consisting of a number of interconnected components, whose main aim is to perform financial transactions of any kind. Its chief advantage lies in the fact that human intervention is minimized to an acceptable extent. This is quite desirable because nowadays numerous factors affect financial decisions. Financial managers are able to deal with a limited amount of information. There are many ways to implement algorithmic trading systems. This chapter aims to highlight the efficiency of biologically inspired methodologies when incorporated in such systems. Biologically inspired intelligence comprises a range of algorithms whose common philosophy is based on the behavior of real-world, natural systems and networks. What is more, the performance of the applied nature-inspired intelligence (NII) methodologies is compared to traditional benchmark approaches such as the random portfolio construction.
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Douglas W, Arner, Hsu Berry FC, Goo Say H, Johnstone Syren, Lejot Paul e Tse Maurice Kwong-Sang. Part IV Financial Market Conduct and Misconduct, 10 Corporate Governance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198706472.003.0010.
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This chapter addresses corporate governance in Hong Kong. The chapter reviews the ways in which a company’s management is regulated in Hong Kong at common law and equity, by statutory legislation, by the company’s constitutional document (the articles), and by regulatory rules. Such a framework addresses issues such as board structure and operation, the personal interests of directors, dealings between the company and directors, limiting the power of directors, disclosure of information, and the question of when shareholders should be involved in decisions of the board. The chapter shows that due to the domination of companies in Hong Kong by either families or state-owned companies from mainland China, Hong Kong companies have the typical agency problem we see in the United States and the United Kingdom, namely weak performance by the managers, and also suffer from the misappropriation of corporate assets through connected or related party transactions.
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Li-Huang, Rebecca. The Psychology of High Net Worth Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter takes an economic view of the investment behavior of high net worth individuals (HNWIs), including: the psychological aspects of private wealth and the practice of wealth management, the current trends affecting the players and markets, and empirical findings on wealth creation and distribution that have fueled policy debates. As the chapter shows, wealth concentrations and scarcity of skills have attributed to institutional advantages for HNWIs and the highly skilled, including higher returns on physical and human capital investments. Besides achieving financial returns, HNWIs want to use their private wealth to have a social impact. Wealth managers respond to the attitude and behavior of HNWIs by shifting the focus from investment products and transactions to holistic investing and goal-based wealth management.
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Journals, Graceland. Daily Cash Flow Log: Record Daily Cash Intake and Outflow, Monitoring Tracker Sheets for Accounting, Book Keeping, Financial Debit and Credit Cash Transactions, for Small Business, Grocery Stores, Account Managers, Petty Cash Manager, 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.
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Journals, Graceland. Daily Cash Flow Log: Record Daily Cash Intake and Outflow, Monitoring Tracker Sheets for Accounting, Book Keeping, Financial Debit and Credit Cash Transactions, for Small Business, Grocery Stores, Account Managers, Petty Cash Manager, 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Financial Transaction Manager"
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Guilding, Chris, e Kate Mingjie Ji. "Analysing transactions and preparing year-end financial statements". In Accounting Essentials for Hospitality Managers, 18–32. 4a ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003183334-2.
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Carr, Mahil. "Framework for Mobile Payment Systems in India". In Mobile and Ubiquitous Commerce, 237–54. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-366-1.ch013.
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This chapter introduces concepts, frameworks and possible models for introducing mobile payments in India. The introductory section defines mobile payments, outlines its characteristics and identifies the stakeholders. Ideally, mobile payments have to be simple and usable, universal, interoperable, secure, private, affordable and be available within the country wide as well as globally. There are various stakeholders in this context: the customer, the merchant, banks, mobile network operators, software and technology service providers, mobile device manufacturers and the government. The technology considerations are addressed in a technological landscape with a wide variety of possibilities for implementing mobile payments. Implementations can be based on different access channels to the mobile device such as SMS, USSD or WAP/GPRS. The relative advantages and disadvantages each of these channels for mobile payments are discussed. Generic architectures that employ these technologies are modeled. The mobile phone carrying debit or card information (Track 2) within the device can act as a payment instrument. It can be used to extend the present day card based payment systems. This requires an independent entity called as a Trusted Service Manager (TSM) who provides the necessary hardware and software for handling transactions. The TSM is an intermediary between the financial institutions (banks) and the mobile network operators (telecommunications industry). Essentially the TSM accepts the information from the customer owning a mobile and it routes the financial transaction to the bank or an inter-bank clearing and settlement system (using an electronic interface—a financial switch) or to a payment systems operator (in the case that the customer is using a credit card). Possible models for one TSM in the country or having several independent TSMs are outlined. The TSMs may commu nicate with the financial system using the ISO 8583 messaging standards. Finally, technical standards and security issues are addressed. A symmetric encryption scheme (based on Triple DES or AES) can offer confidentiality of mobile payment transactions. However, for assuring integrity, authentication and non-repudiation a PKI scheme is required. Cost wise a PKI enabled scheme would be more than twice as costly as a symmetric scheme due to overheads in digital certificate transmission. Low value transactions may use the symmetric encryption standards whereas high value transactions can be done using asymmetric encryption standards.
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"Article 19 Managers’ transactions". In European Financial Services Law, a cura di Matthias Lehmann e Christoph Kumpan, 808–24. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-808.
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"Part B Commentary, 3 Disclosure Requirements, Art.19: Managers’ transactions". In Market Abuse Regulation, a cura di Ventoruzzo Marco. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198871095.003.0027.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter covers Article 19 of the Market Abuse Regulation (MAR). This Article provides for the public disclosure of certain transactions entered into by persons discharging managerial responsibilities within an issuer or closely associated persons with them. It requires that persons discharging managerial responsibilities within an issuer and closely associated persons notify the issuer and the national competent authority of every transaction conducted on their own account relating to the shares or debt instruments of that issuer. The main purpose of this disclosure obligation consists in the improvement of the transparency of financial markets. More specifically, it is a preventive measure against market abuse, particularly insider dealing. The public disclosure of such transactions also contributes to the information available to investors and to the effectiveness of the competent authorities’ supervision.
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"Analysing Transactions and Preparing Year-End Financial Statements". In Accounting Essentials for Hospitality Managers, 33–48. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080954004-7.
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Neves, Maria Elisabete, Germano Maurício e Lucas Rodrigues. "Insider Transactions and Performance". In Handbook of Research on New Challenges and Global Outlooks in Financial Risk Management, 340–53. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8609-9.ch016.
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This study investigates the relevance of stock buy/sell transactions by insiders in Portuguese companies' performance. To achieve this aim, the sample covers the period from 2013 to 2017. The data from buy/sell transactions by insiders were collected in the internal transaction reports delivered by the companies to the Portuguese Securities Market Commission for the same time interval. The results, using panel data methodology, suggest a negative relationship between the long/short positions and the companies' performance, although the volume traded is not significant. Therefore, the increased control of Portuguese companies by their managers signals the existence of conflicts of interest of the managers, whether due to financial reasons or to strengthen their continuity in the position. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first time that a study has been carried out using insider transactions for Portuguese companies and their influence on corporate performance.
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Tekin, Hasan. "How Do Financial Constraints and Financial Crises Matter in Cash Management?" In Handbook of Research on Current Trends in Asian Economics, Business, and Administration, 228–48. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch012.
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This chapter investigates how financial constraints and financial crises affect the cash policy of firms. Using a sample of 157,505 firm-years from 26 developing Asian economies from 1991 to 2016, firm fixed effects are employed to mitigate unobserved heterogeneity. Empirical findings show that financially constrained firms have higher cash than financially unconstrained firms, which is in line with the precautionary motive and transaction motive of cash. The picture changes with the rise of financial crises. While financially constrained firms have lower cash before the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, they increase their cash level more after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Overall, managers need to consider the exogenous shocks to enhance their liquidity management. Also, investors should consider the financial crises, firm size, firm constraint, and dividend payment status when determining when and where to invest.
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Berzins, Michelle. "Scams and the Australian E-Business Environment". In Strategic and Pragmatic E-Business, 156–75. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1619-6.ch007.
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This chapter highlights the risks and benefits of transacting business within a virtual environment. It becomes evident that e-business has changed the face of consumer/business interactions. Substantial competitive advantage can be gained by a business engaging in well-managed e-business transactions, while consumers can receive benefits such as cheaper prices, a wider range of products, and more convenient shopping via the internet. The chapter commences with a review of the current literature on scams and online fraud, including an introduction to the role that social networking sites can play in facilitating online scams. Statistics regarding e-business transactions for small and medium-sized Australian enterprises are presented followed by the exploration of two specific types of scams: overpayment scams and online shopping scams. Reported financial loss within Australia during 2010 as a result of these scams totalled AUS$29,710,420. The chapter concludes with the identification of some preventative measures to ensure the transactions occurring in any e-business environment are legitimate, followed by some directions for future research.
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Cetina, Karin Knorr, e Alex Preda. "Introduction". In The Sociology of Financial Markets, 1–14. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199275595.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This book is about the social and cultural study of finance, of the markets and institutions used for financial transactions, and the trading of assets and risks. The financial system controls and manages credit; in contemporary societies, the ultimate users of real capital rely heavily on others (investors) to provide the funds with which to acquire the resources they need.
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Boatright, John R. "Financial Services". In Conflict of Interest in the Professions, 217–36. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128635.003.0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Financial services could scarcely be provided without raising conflicts of interest. In acting as intermediaries for people’s financial transactions and as custodians of their financial assets, financial service providers are often forced to choose among the competing interests of others-and weigh those interests against their own. Although personal interest plays some role, the conflicts of interest in financial services arise primarily from attempts to provide many different kinds of services to a number of different parties, often at the same time. Conflicts of interest are built into the structure of our financial institutions and could be avoided only with great difficulty. As one person has noted, “The biblical observation that no man can serve two masters, if strictly followed, would make many of Wall Street’s present activities impossible.”1 In addition, the inhabitants of Wall Street are motivated primarily by self-interest and can be induced to serve any master only within limits. The challenge, therefore, is not to prevent conflicts of interest in financial services but to manage them in a workable financial system.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Financial Transaction Manager"
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Kosala, H., M. Francis e D. Sirimewan. "APPLICABILITY OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY TO MANAGE FINANCIAL ISSUES IN THE SRI LANKAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY". In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The construction industry is one of the largest industries in any country, contributing significantly to economic growth. A range of researchers explained that the construction industry suffered from numerous issues where financial issues are more critical. Late payments, cash flow issues, and lack of security of the payment are some of them. Blockchain technology shows a potential use for managing financial activities. Therefore, this research tends to investigate the applicability of blockchain technology to manage financial issues in the Sri Lankan construction industry. A comprehensive literature survey was carried out to assess the concept of blockchain technology and identified financial issues in the construction industry. A qualitative expert opinion survey was conducted with eight construction experts who had knowledge of the blockchain technology, selected through purposive sampling to collect data in a Sri Lankan context. The collected data was analysed using the content analysis method. The findings of the expert interviews indicated that faster transactions would help to reduce late payments; removing third parties from the transaction will reduce the involvement of many parties in the transaction process; and trust, security, transparency will help to increase foreign investments. Further, the lack of knowledge in the area, legal and tax issues, low investment, and social issues will be the challenges in adopting blockchain technology to the construction industry. The research finally suggests the ways to overcome such challenges in terms of using pilot projects, government rules and regulation. Thus, the research proposes that use of blockchain technology could minimise a significant number of financial issues in the construction industry.
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Lapitkaia, Ludmila. "Improvement of the management strategy in elaborating of accounting policies of the entity in accordance with ifrs". In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In modern conditions, the role of enterprise management is increasing significantly, and this is primarily due not only to the ability to manage the enterprise qualitatively, to approve the correct policy of its activities, to concretize budgets, but also, based on the approved development strategy, to understand which indicators, in which assessment should be reflected in financial statements. For the correct completing of the financial statements of the enterprise and presentation of high-quality financial information, the management of the enterprise must correctly develop and approve its accounting policies. If an entity prepares financial statements in accordance with Internatiol Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), then in elaborating accounting policies it should use the provisions of International Financial Reporting Standard (IAS) 8 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors". In a real situation, there may be cases when an enterprise plans certain transactions, however, IFRS do not disclose information: how to reflect such transactions in accounting, in such cases, management must make the right decision, choose the option that will allow to correctly reflect income and expenses, calculate the correct financial result, as well as disclose information in the financial statements.
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Ekşi, İbrahim Halil, e Yavuz Akçi. "An Analysis of Differences in Firms’ Perception of Banks based on Sectors and Number of Monthly Transactions". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00284.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this study, it was aimed to put forward the perception differences of banks, one of the most important tool of the capital market which is a political tool to develop financial improvement on owners and managers of firms. The data was collected by means of face to face meetings with the managers of 520 companies from manufacturing, trading and service sectors, randomly selected from Adana, Mersin and Gaziantep provinces. The relationship between the perception of banking services and the number of monthly transactions and provinces with the banks with which their firms have business activities was studied by analyzing the collected data and doing the frequency, percentage and ANOVA tests. According to the results of the analysis, even though there was no difference in terms of sectors, there was seen an important difference in terms of the number of monthly transactions and provinces. The satisfaction of different products and services for the firms having relatively fewer number of monthly transactions is also crucial today, when the customer satisfaction is of great importance.
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"ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF TRANSACTIONS ISSUED BY THE FINANCIAL MANAGER FOR THE DISPOSAL OF CASH MONEY". In Current Issue of Law in the Banking Sphere. Samara State Economic University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/banking.forum-10.2019-69/73.
Testo completo
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Janko, Samantha, e Nathan G. Johnson. "Design of an Agent-Based Technique for Controlling Interconnected Distributed Energy Resource Transactions". In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68346.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Electricity has traditionally been a commodity that is bought and sold through a rigid marketplace between an electric utility and a ratepayer. Today, however, the electricity market is rapidly evolving to be comprised of distributed energy resources and microgrids that change the structure of the technical and financial relationship between utilities and ratepayers. Regulation, a reduction in cost of renewable energy technologies, interoperability and improved communications, and public interest in green power are facilitating this transition. Microgrids require an additional layer of control, often use preprogrammed rule sets, and lack bi-directional self-awareness, self-management, and self-diagnostics necessary to dynamically adapt to changes on-site and in the grid. Research is needed in optimization and controls. This study explores the viability of self-organizing control algorithms to manage multiple distributed energy resources within a distribution network and reduce electricity cost to one or more ratepayers having such resources installed on-site. Such research provides insight into the transition from a traditional power distribution architecture into a flexible smart network that is better prepared for future technological advances, renewables integration, and customer-side control. Agent-based techniques are employed for least-cost optimization and implements these to manage transactions between three decentralized distributed energy resource systems within an electrical network.
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Kandawinna, N., H. Mallawaarachchi e D. Vijerathne. "Successful delivery of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in the construction projects of Sri Lankan higher education sector". In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.63.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To gain economic advantages in the competitive world, governments tend to adopt new financing methods in construction projects. Accordingly, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects are a popular choice mainly due to the reduction in transaction cost and innovation. PPP projects have spread from the typical use on infrastructure projects such as airports, roads, railways, ports, and water sanitation to the more recent use for projects in the higher education sector such as universities and colleges. Thus, adopting PPP for the higher education sector related construction projects in Sri Lanka is vital to consider. Accordingly, this research aims to observe the Critical Success Factors (CSF) for the successful delivery of PPP projects in the construction projects of the higher education sector in Sri Lanka. A comprehensive literature review was first conducted to identify the CSFs of PPP in higher education construction projects and 22 CSFs were identified. The survey method was used under quantitative phenomenon since this research required evaluating the identified CSFs. The identified factors were evaluated through a questionnaire survey, which was conducted among the 30 selected professionals who are aware on PPPs, such as Quantity Surveyors, Project Managers, Government Professionals, and Academic Professionals. As the key findings derived through analysis, “communication between parties”, “transparency in the procurement process”, financial capability and support”, “project technical feasibility” and “appropriate risk allocation and risk-sharing” were determined as the top five CSFs for PPP projects in the higher education sector related construction projects in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, strategies were also proposed to ensure the successful implementation of CSFs in the higher education sector in Sri Lanka.
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Neděla, David, e Tomáš Tichý. "Dual Focus on Systemic Risk in Portfolio Management". In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-43.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, we examine a complex portfolio selection strategy with a dual emphasis on systemic risk. This strategy or only its elements are advisable for both portfolio managers as well as macroprudential regulators. In particular, first, we present the concept of an early warning system (alarm) employing selected entropy measures, which allow us to detect systemic risk in financial markets. Secondly, we apply the two-phase optimization framework to determine the optimal composition of the portfolio. Essentially, the first phase of this strategy includes the reward‒risk ratio maximization part and the following phase aims at systematic risk minimization. Furthermore, we approximate the returns using a dynamic set of components obtained from the principal component analysis and the classical ordinary least squares regression. In the empirical analysis using US market data, the wealth paths and statistics of different portfolio strategies are compared with each other. Ex-post results confirm higher profitability of the early warning system with double optimization, even if the transaction costs are taken into account. However, the main benefit lies in the significantly better risk properties of the proposed strategy.
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Tudor, Florin, e Andreea Elena Matic. "THE RISK OF CUSTOMS VALUE FRAUD ON IMPORTS OF GOODS PURCHASED FROM AFFILIATED COMPANIES". In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s02.016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The role of multinational enterprises as an important actor in the sphere of international economic relations is well known. It is essential that the governments of the member states take care so that transfer pricing does not affect the rules of commercial competition, the international consensus at the level of trade agreements, but at the same time does not constitute a major risk of customs fraud that could affect financial interests of the EU. The OECD recommendations highlighted the fact that business transactions between related companies must be carefully managed, and the customs value verification for this type of operations must be done more carefully in the future. It should not be overlooked that such analyzes should also be corroborated with other provisions, close to the sphere of transnational organized crime, a fact of such a nature that thorough checks should also be made in the sphere of knowing the clientele and the beneficial owner. Through this article, we aim to identify the risks of a customs nature, the correct legal interpretation, and the establishment with greater precision of the rules of interpretation and strict application of the customs value in relation to transfer prices.
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Pupezescu, Valentin, Radu Radescu e Sever Pasca. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE LEARNING APPLICATION TO STUDY A VIRTUAL E-BANKING SYSTEM". In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a case study of designing and using an Internet Banking Web application. Its goal is the online learning of administration and deployment of a virtual e-banking system. The application is developed using a three-tier architecture using Apache, PHP and MySQL. The application has all the functionalities of an actual e-banking real-life system. In addition, the paper focuses on highlighting the security problems that may occur and proposes solutions for them. For app implementation the WAMP (Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP) system was used. Apache is an open source HTTP Server having the following main features: it allows server side programming, virtual hosting and especially the fact that it can be dynamically added modules to extend its functionality (feature that are seized in the paper). MySQL was chosen because it is the best known and widespread database management system. PHP was chosen because of its main advantages: simplicity, efficiency and flexibility. The application was developed using object-oriented programming. This application is the foundation for creating e-learning content to study the management systems of virtual banking. The application was implemented as an independent module into the online e-learning platform called Easy-Learning (an original product of the Department of Applied Electronics and Information Engineering from the University Politehnica of Bucharest). After testing the app, students suggested some improvements, such as real-time validation of user input or centralization of accounts statement, which was taken into account in completing the application. Two MySQL databases are used in this application: the database that stores all user information and account information, and the internal database for token used for authentication. Normally, each token ought to have its own database, but for simplicity a common database for all tokens was used. The implementation solution is that of a virtual event-based token and not time-based token, due to its advantages: server synchronization using an incremental counter, incrementing the counter is not performed without user’s intervention, there is no need for server timing synchronization, well-known cryptographic algorithms are used, and it does not require entering a PIN code for activation (as in the case of hardware token). The administrator has a specific menu, more complex compared to users’ menu. The administrator has additional rights, such as viewing, adding and deleting users, creating their accounts, and the ability to create a backup of the database tables and their restoration. The administrator is the only one that can add or delete users; there is no ability for users to register themselves in order to use the e-banking services. The administrator has access to the user menu, but not vice versa. From the administrator's point of view, analyzing user activity is easily performed using the menu of viewing the user operations history. This way, the administrator can oversee if a user has completed the system requirements or has experienced difficulties in carrying out banking operations. Also, the administrator can modify the user accounts balance when it is needed and can unlock user accounts experiencing authentication problems. From the user point of view, the application offers the following available financial operations: viewing accounts, opening or liquidation of deposits, paying bills or transfers between accounts, and foreign exchange. Currency exchange is updated following the rating of the National Bank of Romania, and this is a strong point of application. The web application allows users to access virtual Internet Banking accounts similar to real-life bank accounts and to accomplish financial transactions in a secure environment. There are multiple security filters, as well as financial operations that customers can achieve online. To improve user experience, a real-time validation of user input data is performed in order to inform the users when placing data in a non-specific format. Another advantage of the app is that all the IT tools and technologies used are freeware software. Overall, a free, interactive application is obtained, where the users can learn and practice in a virtual environment banking operations and procedures, and the administrator has all the necessary means to supervise and manage the whole process of learning and practical application of knowledge acquired.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Financial Transaction Manager"
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Noah, Alphonse, e Ruth Tacneng. Cameroon’s Tax on Mobile Money: Implications for Agents' Performance and Revenue Sustainability. Institute of Development Studies, maggio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mobile money taxation gives African governments an opportunity to broaden their fiscal base and explore new revenue-generating possibilities. Cameroon introduced a 0.2 per cent tax on mobile money transfers and withdrawals from 1 January 2022. Our research analyses the behaviour of agents, who act as intermediaries between mobile money account holders and mobile money service providers, before and after the tax on mobile money (MM tax). Agents play a key role in the distribution of mobile money services. Their presence is vital for achieving financial inclusion, especially in areas less served by banks and other traditional financial service providers. An agent’s revenue is mainly derived from commission earned on each transaction – they receive an average of 40–45 per cent of the commission, and the remaining 55–60 per cent is shared between the mobile network operator, partner banks, and agent’s manager (superagent). Given their importance in the mobile money ecosystem, factors that negatively affect the attractiveness of the business for agents could have policy implications on financial inclusion. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 192.
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Cerda, Maikol, David Cervantes, Paul Gertler, Sean Higgins, Ana María Montoya, Eric Parrado, Carlos Serrano, Raimundo Undurraga e Patricia Yáñez-Pagans. Covid-19 Pandemic and SMEs' Performance in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, febbraio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004720.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The COVID-19 pandemic generated a large negative external shock to the global economy. Businesses worldwide were affected by economic, health, and mobility restrictions that impacted consumers ability to access goods and services and firms profitability and survival rates. In this paper, we study the economic performance of Latin American MSMEs during the pandemic using disaggregated and high-frequency administrative banking deposits and income data from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru. We observe a sharp short-term decline in firm earnings due to the implementation of lockdowns during the second half of March 2020. We show this decline had a heterogeneous impact by economic sector, firm size, and transaction type (in-person vs. online). Focusing on financial technology adoption by studying the migration from in-person to online banking transactions, we find that MSMEs managed to recover revenues to pre-pandemic levels in early 2021 thanks to an increased share of online transactions and that industries facing higher physical exposure to the public (e.g., retailers) experienced a more considerable decline and a slower recovery.
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Frisancho, Verónica. How to Raise Household Savings in LAC: Constraints and Best Practices. Inter-American Development Bank, aprile 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009286.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This technical note examines demand-side constraints households in Latin America and the Caribbean face when making saving decisions, particularly households from lower income deciles. This emphasis is important because poverty can impact individuals' ability to process information, manage their time efficiently, or resist temptation, thus limiting their ability to make sound financial choices, forecast, or plan ahead. The note first reviews the main formal constraints on saving such as transaction costs, regulatory barriers and limited trust in financial systems. The note then considers constraints on saving in general, whether formal or informal, including social pressure, intra-household allocation issues, information and knowledge gaps, and behavioral biases when making financial choices. Reviewing advances in behavioral economics, particular emphasis is placed on how features of individual behavior can impact savings. Alleviating behavioral constraints could yield large welfare gains at relatively low costs.
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Financial Infrastructure Report 2022. Banco de la República, giugno 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Banco de la República's monitoring of the local financial market infrastructure is an additional contribution to the country's financial stability. One of the products of that monitoring has been the Payment Systems Report, which is now known as the Financial Infrastructure Report. The change in name, as of this edition, is intended to reflect in a broader way the issues that are addressed in the report. The 2022 edition includes several changes that are the result of a comparative study of financial infrastructure reports prepared by other central banks. These changes seek to make the report more fluid and easier to read, including main points and selected key figures for the different interest groups to which it is addressed. The report shows the financial infrastructure continued to render its services without interruption, with general evidence of good performance in 2021. Additionally, the resilience of the Central Counterparty Risk of Colombia (CRCC) and the Large-value Payments System (CUD) to extreme events was validated, based on stress tests conducted according to international standards (focused on liquidity and credit risk). As for retail payments, transactional information indicates the use of electronic instruments increased in terms of value during 2021 compared to 2020 (credit and debit cards, checks and electronic funds transfers). The use of debit and credit cards in payments rose to levels similar to those reached in the pre-pandemic year. Meanwhile, electronic funds transfers continued to grow. Although the results of the BR 2022 survey show cash continues to be the instrument most used by the public for regular payments (like the situation in other countries), the perception of its use decreased significantly to 75 % (87 % in 2019). Also, in commerce, cash was the preferred instrument for customers. However, in this measurement, several retail channels such as hairdressers, drugstores and restaurants joined the group that has traditionally received electronic payments for a value greater than 10% of their sales (hypermarkets and gas stations). Likewise, for nearly 50% of the population, cash payments are lower than before the pandemic. This is consistent with the transactional increase in electronic payment instruments that was observed in 2021. Banco de la República continues to monitor the technological developments that have expanded and modernized the supply in the international and local payments market, as these are issues of interest to the industry that provides clearing and settlement services. This report outlines the Pix case for instant payments in Brazil, the projects that are underway regarding the possible issue of digital currency by central banks (CBDC) for cross-border payments, as well as an approach to the Fintech ecosystem in Colombia, with an emphasis on companies that provide payment services. Leonardo Villar Governor Main points: 2022 The local financial infrastructure was safe and efficient throughout the year. The services of the financial infrastructure were proved on a continuous basis, showing good performance overall. Less momentum in the large-value payment system CUD activity declined versus the previous year because of fewer government deposits with BanRep. This was offset partially by growth in repos to increase money supply and in retail-value payments (electronic funds transfers, checks and cards). Increased momentum in financial market infrastructures. Larger amounts were cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository (DCV) due to an increase in the market for sovereign debt. Operations managed by the Central Counterparty Risk of Colombia (CRCC) increased due to inclusion of the foreign exchange segment and the positive evolution in non-delivery forward peso/dollar contracts. Added confidence in the peso/dollar spot foreign exchange market due to CRCC interposition. Number and value of trades grew, mainly due to the adjustment of therisk management model for the FX segment and the increase in the limiton net selling positions in dollars. Stress testing with international standards to validate CRCC and CUD resilience Stress tests conducted independently by the SFC, BanRep and the CRCC, like those done in England and the United States, concluded that the CRCC's risk management model allows it to withstand extreme market events and simultaneous defaults by its main members. Based on the experience of other central banks, BanRep strengthened its intraday liquidity risk stress exercises in the CUD by incorporating temporary payment delays. It calculated that a two-hour delay by a key participant increases the system's liquidity needs by 0.5%. Electronic payments increased during 2021 According to transactional information, all electronic payment instruments increased in value versus 2020 (electronic funds transfers, checks and debit and credit cards). Electronic funds transfers continued to grow (80% from legal entities), with the participation of closed schemes driven particularly by the use of mobile wallets (35% of the number of intra-transfer transactions). The use of debit and credit cards for payments climbed to levels similar to those witnessed in the pre-pandemic year. Cash continues to be the instrument most used by the public for regular payments. The results of the BanRep survey in 2022 show that the perception of the use of cash declined significantly to 75% (87% in 2019), and about 50% of the population perceive their cash payments as being lower than those they made before the pandemic. Electronic funds transfers were second most used instrument, having increased to 15% (3% in 2019). Also, in commerce, cash was the preferred instrument of payment for its customers; however, several commerce channels received more than 10% of the value of their sales in electronic payments (hypermarkets 35%, gas stations 25%, hairdressers 15%, drugstores 14% and restaurants 12%). Continuous technological developments have broadened, and modernized services offered in the payments market. Pix (instant payments in Brazil). The high level of adoption of instant transfers in Brazil motivated a review of its strengths; namely, the possibility of different use cases between individuals, businesses, and government; high participation by financial and payment institutions; free of charge for individuals and the possibility of charging legal entities, and simple user experience. Digital currencies in central banking. Several groups of countries have joined forces to conduct pilot projects with wholesale CBDCs for cross-border payments. Flows generated by international trade, foreign investment and remittances between individuals can be processed more efficiently, transparently, and securely by reducing their cost and increasing their speed. Due to the constant progress being made on this issue, BanRep will continue to monitor all CBDC-related matters. The fintech ecosystem for payments in Colombia. A high percentage of existing FinTech companies in the country are dedicated to offering digital payment services: wallets, payment gateways, mobile devices (point-of-sale terminals) and acquisition. These have driven innovation in payment services.
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Financial Infrastructure Report 2023. Banco de la República, dicembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction The Financial Infrastructure Report is a product of Banco de la República’s (Banrep) continuous efforts to scrutinize financial market infrastructures (FMIs) in Colombia, besides being a contribution to analyzing and monitoring the country’s financial stability. If FMIs are not managed properly, they can pose significant risks to the financial system and be a possible source of contagion, especially in periods of market stress. The domestic financial infrastructure during 2022 was safe and efficient, allowing the payment system and financial markets to operate normally, which lent stability and confidence to its participants. This 2023 edition of the Report includes analysis on the mitigation of intraday liquidity risk in the large-value payment system (CUD), as well as credit and liquidity risk based on countercyclical practices for the management of initial and variation margins in the Cámara de Riesgo Central de Contraparte S.A. (CRCC). In addition, the Report addresses two topics that are at the center of international debate. The first deals with cyber risk, an issue that cuts across the entire domestic financial infrastructure. It is considered one of the most relevant risks; therefore, its effective management has been the focus of recommendations by multilateral organizations. On this occasion, a section is included that outlines these recommendations and focuses on highlights in local progress towards achieving substantial levels of cyber resilience in the Colombian payment system. It is worth noting that Banco de la República is moving forward with a research agenda to quantify the impact instances of cyber risk could have on the payment system and on financial stability. The second topic addresses the need to analyze the adoption of special frameworks for orderly settlement on the part of central counterparties (CCPs), so as to mitigate systemic risk, recognizing the role these types of entities play in the development of markets and financial stability, as well as their essential contribution to mitigating counterparty and liquidity risks. As for retail payments, the use of electronic payment instruments rose significantly in value during 2022 compared to 2021. Transactional data shows the increase in the use of electronic transfers, both intra- and interbank, was particularly important, having become an object of greater innovation, as evidenced, for example, by the use of mobile wallets. Although the adoption for electronic transfers and debit and credit cards has increased in Colombia over the last ten years, compared to other economies, the country still has low levels in this respect. According to the most recent survey on perception of the use of payment instruments conducted by Banrep (2022), cash continues to be the instrument most used by Colombians for regular payments involving small amounts. This points to an important area for increasing the adoption of digital payments, which would materialize with implementation of the different initiatives the industry and the financial authorities (Ministry of Finance-URF, the Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia and Banco de la República) are carrying out to develop the instant payments ecosystem. On the other hand, analyses of the risks associated with crypto assets, which are understood as alternatives to the regulated assets in the traditional financial system, but traded in an unregulated digital environment, are also relevant. In this respect, the Report looks at the potential risks that could arise from the added adoption of stablecoins in economies, specifically in a global context where authorities are studying possibilities for using different mechanisms to contain the risks inherent in crypto assets. The third section of the Report deals with aspects such as smart contracts and programmable money, which are innovations that could be considered in an eventual issue of digital currencies by central banks. In keeping with the previous editions of this Report on matters related to central bank digital currencies (CBDC), this edition explains how these two technological functionalities could accompany the design of a retail CBDC, as well as some of the risks that should be considered. Also addressed in this section is the topic of standardized messaging, which is a trend in the field of payments. Reference is made to the United Kingdom’s experience with the adoption of standardized messaging, and its contributions to interoperability.