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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

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1

Steedman, Ian. "British Economists and Philosophers on Marx's Value Theory, 1920–1925". Journal of the History of Economic Thought 26, n. 1 (marzo 2004): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1042771042000187862.

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In the aftermath of the Great War and the Bolshevik revolution, the years 1920–1925 witnessed a great upsurge of academic writing in Britain on Karl Marx's theory of value. We shall not seek to explain this phenomenon but it may nevertheless be of interest first to sketch, as a contrasting background, the limited interest shown in this topic in the pages of the Economic Journal, 1891–1920. For that journal did indeed, in that period, devote considerable space to matters socialist—taken in a broad sense (see Steedman 1990).

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2

Luzardo-Luna, Ivan. "Labour frictions in interwar Britain: industrial reshuffling and the origin of mass unemployment". European Review of Economic History 24, n. 2 (26 febbraio 2019): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ereh/hez001.

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Abstract This article estimates the matching function of the British labour market for the period of 1921–1934. Changes in matching efficiency can explain both employment resilience during the Great Depression and the high structural unemployment throughout the interwar period. Early in the 1920s, matching efficiency improved due to the development of the retail industry. However, the econometric results show a structural break in March 1927, related to a major industrial reshuffling that reduced the demand for workers in staple industries. Since these industries were geographically concentrated, there was an increase in the average distance between the unemployed and vacancies, and matching efficiency declined.

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3

Garbo, Lorenzo. "ADAM SMITH’S LAST TEACHINGS: DIALECTICAL WISDOM". Journal of the History of Economic Thought 38, n. 1 (16 febbraio 2016): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837215000759.

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This paper focuses on the teachings and admonitions regarding wisdom found in the sixth edition of Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS). Following a mind-path marked by the seminal contributions of Glenn Morrow (1923), Donald Winch (1978), and Laurence Dickey (1986), the paper offers an interpretation of the higher moral standard (superior prudence) introduced by Smith in the last edition of TMS, as his response to the socio-economic and cultural changes that took place in Great Britain in the second half of the eighteenth century. Between the first and last editions of TMS the taste for luxury and conspicuous consumption became widespread and contagious both geographically and across ranks. Prudence and other-approbation, sufficient gatekeepers of moral conduct and character in the previous editions of TMS, became progressively less effective in keeping society away from moral deception and in regulating reputation and the distinction of ranks. The paper examines the introduction of superior prudence in the last edition of TMS as Smith’s vision of a dialectical process between external and internal approbation that is capable of transforming individual dependence on social praise into a dialogue between materialistic and moral concerns, which would lead to a progressively wiser, although conflictual, existence.

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4

Goldstein, Erik. "Great Britain and Greater Greece 1917–1920". Historical Journal 32, n. 2 (giugno 1989): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00012188.

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The First World War saw the collapse of the old order in the Eastern Mediterranean with the disintegration of the Ottoman empire, an event which threatened to create a dangerous power vacuum. Great Britain for the pastcentury had attempted to prevent just such a crisis by supporting the maintenance of the territorial integrity of the Ottoman state. Britain had a number of crucial strategic concerns in the Eastern Mediterranean, in particular the Suez Canal and the Straits. The former was the more critical interest and Britain was determined to keep this essential link to its Indian empire firmly under its own control. As to the Straits Britain, which was concerned about over-extending its strategic capabilities, was content to see this critical waterway dominated by a friendly state. The question inevitably arose therefore as to what would replace the Ottoman empire. One alternative was Greece, a possibility which became increasingly attractive with the emergence of the supposedly pro-British Eleftherios Venizelos as the Greek leader in early 1917.

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5

Weir, Neil, e Sue Weir. "Development of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in Great Britain 1880–1920". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, S30 (agosto 2005): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215054527258.

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6

Cojocaru, Gheorghe. "Great Britain and the Paris treaty of Bessarabia of October 28, 1922. 100 years after the ratification". Revista de istorie a Moldovei, n. 1-2(129-130) (novembre 2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.58187/rim.129-130.05.

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This article analyzes the position of Great Britain towards the union of Bessarabia with the mother country, Romania, at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919-1920. It is emphasized that English diplomacy firmly supported Romania’s rights over its province between the Prut and Dniester, also formulating certain conditionalities that the Romanian government had to take into account. England had a primary role in the drafting and signing of the Paris Treaty of Bessarabia on October 28, 1920. Among the Great Powers that signed the Treaty, Great Britain was the first to ratify it in 1922, urging the rest of the signatories to follow suit.

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7

THORPE, ANDREW. "THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GREAT BRITAIN, 1920–1945". Historical Journal 43, n. 3 (settembre 2000): 777–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99001181.

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The opening of archives in recent years makes it possible to reassess the membership of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) before 1945. The revised aggregate figures, while not startling, suggest that revisions to established views of the effects of the General Strike, the shift to the ‘new line’ and the popular front, are in order. The party's membership was very predominantly male, tended to be young, often included a high proportion of unemployed people, and was heavily working class, with miners especially significant. Geographically, its membership was dominated for most of the period by London, Scotland, Lancashire, and South Wales. There was also a very high turnover of membership for much of the period. The reasons for this turnover, and explanations for the circumstances in which the party was best able to recruit, are discussed. Over time the party's membership did become less unrepresentative of Britain as a whole, enabling it to become an organic, if minor, part of British political life. CPGB membership patterns have similarities with those of other Western Communist parties and its predecessor organizations in Britain, showing how the CPGB reflected features of both international Communism and the British left.

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8

Buranok, Sergey Olegovich. "Russia electrification plan in the USA and UK press assessment of the 1920-1929". Samara Journal of Science 7, n. 1 (1 marzo 2018): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871208.

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The following paper deals with the research of the place and value of Russia electrification plan and its reflection in Great Britain and the USA public opinion. The study of information campaign around Russia electrification plan has its specifics and value: first, it gives a chance to establish new, unknown facts; secondly, to determine the level of knowledge of Another (in this case, American) society about the Soviet power; thirdly, to understand what place information about Russia electrification plan took in the USA and Great Britain in the system of the USSR image creation, the image of the Soviet power revolution. This paper uses materials of the USA and Great Britain press about Russia electrification plan. Besides, the author analyzes the image of the Soviet power in the American and British society. The information campaign around Russia electrification plan could report to the world about the Soviet economy achievements as well as promote preparation (in the information plan) to the following large project - industrialization. Articles, reports, notes on Russia electrification plan helped to change the attitude towards Russia / the USSR in the USA and Great Britain and helped to correct the image of the USSR in the world.

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9

Rhein, Donna E. "THE FORMATIVE DECADES: PHOTOGRAPHY IN GREAT BRITAIN 1839 – 1920. Roy Flukinger". Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 5, n. 2 (luglio 1986): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.5.2.27947597.

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10

THORPE, A. "Comintern 'Control' of the Communist Party of Great Britain, 1920-43". English Historical Review CXIII, n. 452 (1 giugno 1998): 637–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cxiii.452.637.

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11

Markovich, Slobodan. "Eleftherios Venizelos, British public opinion and the climax of Anglo-Hellenism (1915-1920)". Balcanica, n. 49 (2018): 125–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1849125m.

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The paper analyses the construction of a more than favourable image of Eleftherios Venizelos in Britain in 1915-1920. Although Venizelos was highly praised and popular in Britain since at least 1913, his effort to bring Greece to the side of the Entente in 1915 made him exceptionally popular in Paris and particularly in London. Traditions of British philhellenism have been analysed, particularly the influence of two associations: the Hellenic Society founded in 1879 and, especially, the Anglo-Hellenic League established in 1913. The latter helped boost Venizelos?s image in Britain, but it also paved the way for Anglo-Hellenism, the belief of some influential Britons that the fate of modern Greece is inseparably linked with Britain. The Times leaders/editorials and key articles on Venizelos in 1915-1920 have been analysed to demonstrate the level of support and admiration that Venizelos gradually attained. The role of Ronald Burrows and the group of experts around The New Europe is particularly analysed in terms of how the image of Venizelos and Venzelist Greece was constructed. The degree of admiration for Venizelos in Britain has been dealt with through a number of periodicals and newspapers published in Britain during the Great War and through Venizelos?s biographies published in Britain with an aim to show how he became a widely respected super-celebrity. The views of leading British statesmen and opinion makers also indicate a quite high degree of identification with both Venizelos and Greek war aims in Britain in 1915-1920. The climax and the collapse of Anglo-Hellenism in 1919-20 are analysed at the end of the paper. When Venizelos lost the elections of November 1920, Anglo-Hellenism disappeared as a relevant factor in British politics, journalism and diplomacy.

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12

Kirby, M., e R. Capey. "The Air Defence of Great Britain, 1920-1940: An Operational Research Perspective". Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, n. 6 (giugno 1997): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3010219.

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Kirby, M., e R. Capey. "The air defence of Great Britain, 1920–1940: an operational research perspective". Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, n. 6 (giugno 1997): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600421.

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14

Kirby, M., e R. Capey. "The air defence of Great Britain, 1920–1940: an operational research perspective". Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, n. 6 (1997): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jors.2600421.

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15

Kennedy, Peter. "Class struggle and the origins of finance capital in Britain, 1870–1920". Critique 51, n. 2-3 (3 luglio 2023): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03017605.2023.2292852.

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16

Mackie, Peter, e Nigel Smith. "Financing Roads in Great Britain". Research in Transportation Economics 15 (gennaio 2005): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0739-8859(05)15017-3.

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17

Laurinavičius, Česlovas. "The Lithuania Buffer Problem of 1920". Lithuanian Historical Studies 23, n. 1 (28 dicembre 2019): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02301003.

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The Curzon Line is usually identified as the line of 8 December 1919 (similar to the current eastern border of Poland), running to the east of the Daugavpils-Vilnius-Hrodna railway. Typical historiographical texts state that the Soviet government decided to ignore the Curzon Line after 17 July 1920. But in fact, the Red Army crossed the Curzon Line on 13–14 July and continued to occupy Vilna (Vilnius). Another inaccuracy follows from this one. The prevailing trend is to interpret the Lithuanian state’s situation in 1920 as facing one of two ideology-based alternatives: either Lithuania is sovietised, or it is ‘saved’ by Poland, which occupies Vilnius and separates Lithuania from contact with Soviet Russia. But this raises a whole swathe of questions: how should the Lithuanians’ struggle for Vilnius during the whole interwar period be viewed? How should assistance to Lithuanians from other countries, such as Germany, the USSR and Great Britain, be assessed? Finally, how should the return of Vilnius to Lithuania in 1939 be viewed? There is no answer to these questions, but the possibility of Lithuania as a buffer zone thanks to the Curzon Line, is ignored or hardly analysed at all. Using historical documents from Lithuania, Great Britain and Russia, and referring to the studies by Alfred Erich Senn, this article aims to find an answer to the question, why was the idea of Lithuania as a buffer state not realised in the summer of 1920? The idea that it would be more appropriate to call the line alongside Lithuania established at the Spa Conference ‘the Lloyd George Line’ is also discussed.

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18

Burlando, Roberto M. "Ethical finance: Its achievements in Great Britain and Italy". World Futures 56, n. 4 (febbraio 2001): 369–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2001.9972812.

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19

Madigan, Edward. "‘An Irish Louvain’: memories of 1914 and the moral climate in Britain during the Irish War of Independence". Irish Historical Studies 44, n. 165 (maggio 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2020.7.

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AbstractWhen the British government declared war against Germany in August 1914, a great drive to gain popular support by presenting the conflict to the public as a morally righteous endeavour began in earnest. Stories of German violence against French and Belgian civilians, largely based in fact, were central to this process of ‘cultural mobilisation’. The German serviceman thus came to be widely regarded in Britain as inherently cruel and malevolent while his British counterpart was revered as the embodiment of honour, chivalry and courage. Yet by the autumn of 1920, less than two years after the Armistice, the conduct of members of the crown forces in Ireland was being publicly drawn into question by British commentators in a manner that would have been unthinkable during the war against Germany. Drawing on contemporary press reports, parliamentary debates and personal narrative sources, this article explores and analyses the moral climate in Britain in 1920 and 1921 and comments on the degree to which memories of atrocities committed by German servicemen during the Great War informed popular and official responses to events in Ireland.

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20

Shchevelev, S. S. "THE BRITISH MANDATE AND THE UPRISING OF 1920 IN IRAQ". Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 7 (73), n. 1 (2021): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2021-7-1-140-153.

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The article examines the initial period of the mandate administration of Iraq by Great Britain, the anti-British uprising of 1920. The chronological framework covers the period from May 1916 to October 1921 and includes an analysis of events in the Middle East from May 1916, when the secret agreement on the division of the territories of the Ottoman Empire after the end of World War I (the Sykes-Picot agreement) was concluded before the proclamation of Faisal as king of Iraq and from the formation of the country՚s government. This period is a key one in the Iraqi-British relations at the turn of the 10-20s of the ХХ century. The author focuses on the Anglo-French negotiations during the First World War, on the eve and during the Paris Peace Conference on the division of the territory of the Ottoman Empire and the ownership of the territories in the Arab zone. During these negotiations, it was decided to transfer the mandates for Syria (with Lebanon) to the France, and Palestine and Mesopotamia (Iraq) to Great Britain. The British in Iraq immediately faced strong opposition from both Sunnis and Shiites, resulting in an anti-English uprising in 1920. The author describes the causes, course and consequences of this uprising.

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21

Koizumi, Kyoko. "Creative Music Education in Japan during the 1920's: The Case of the Elementary School Attached to Nara Women's Higher Teachers College". British Journal of Music Education 11, n. 2 (luglio 1994): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700001030.

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‘Creative music-making’, as developed in recent years in Great Britain and other countries, has also become popular in Japanese music education; for many music teachers have come to think seriously about the significance of child-centred music education instead of teacher-centred music education. Such a trend seems to be new. However, as in the United States and Great Britain, child-centred music education has been implemented previously – during the 1920's, in Japan's case. This development began in the Elementary School Attached to Nara Women's Higher Teachers College. The author describes the ideas and practices of creative music education in this school, and its historical background, comparing them with creative music-making today.

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Prokopov, A. Y. "Communist International in 1920-s: British direction of activity". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n. 6(9) (28 dicembre 2009): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2009-6-9-54-64.

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In this article the main attention of the author is devoted to the problem of the decisive influence of the Communist International and its tactic “the united workers front” (1921—1928) on the policy of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) towards the Labour Party, the British Congress of Trade-Unions and the first Labour Government (1924). The author also examines the influence of Comintern on the activity of the CPGB before parliament elections of 1922, 1923, 1924 and during the General Strike of 1926.

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23

Davydov, Andrey. "US - Great Britain Economic Relations". Russia and America in the 21st Century, n. 5 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760028381-6.

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This article covers the major trends of United States and Great Britain economic relations. Economic cooperation between these countries is closely connected with the phenomenon of “special relationships” in the political field. Sources and main points of the “special relationships” are being analyzed in the article. British departure from the European Union created possibilities to develop further economic cooperation between the United States and the United Kingdom. Negotiations on free trade agreement started under Donald Trump administration but were frozen under current US administration. In the result UK proved to be between Scylla and Charybdis. The article covers major trends of structural changes in mutual trade and investment flows during last decade. Statistical analysis shows that oil and natural gas are the major articles of US export to Great Britain. United Kingdom is exporting transport equipment, chemicals and different types of machinery. Different services (professional, business, finance and science) are also important for mutual cooperation. Current investment positions of both countries are being analyzed. Great Britain is interested to get American direct investment in different fields. UK big holding companies are the major target of US direct investors. British equities are also in great demand on the global financial market. Most of British capitals are invested in manufacturing companies of the US. Current situation with free trade negotiations is being analyzed. President John Baiden administration realizes conservative economic policy. US conservative policy is aimed to support national producers. In view of the above it is highly likely that trade negotiations between US and UK will not be in progress for a long period.

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24

Tsolacos, Sotiris. "Retail Building Cycles: Evidence from Great Britain". Journal of Real Estate Research 18, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1999): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1999.12090991.

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25

Taylor, James. "A social history of company law: Great Britain and the Australian colonies, 1854–1920". Business History 52, n. 5 (agosto 2010): 857–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2010.500167.

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26

Gente, Magali. "The expansion of the nuclear family unit in Great Britain between 1910 and 1920". History of the Family 6, n. 1 (aprile 2001): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-602x(01)00063-x.

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Karnups, Viesturs Pauls. "Latvia-Mandated Palestine Economic Relations 1920–1940". Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia 28, n. 2 (2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/hssl.28.2.02.

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This paper provides an overview of Latvian-Mandated Palestine economic relations in the interwar period. In the interwar period Latvian and Mandated Palestine economic relations were mainly confined to foreign trade. Latvia’s foreign trade in relation to Mandated Palestine was more or less regulated by Latvia’s 1923 treaty with Great Britain. Latvia’s main imports from Mandated Palestine in the interwar period were fruits (including oranges, lemons, grapes, figs, pears, etc.), tobacco, and olive oil, whilst Latvia’s main exports to Mandated Palestine were fish and fish conserves (including “Sprotes”), timber and timber products, paper and paper products, plywood, butter, and wooden nails and pins for footwear. In general, despite a growth in trade in the 1930s, trade and thus economic relations were of marginal significance to both countries in the interwar period.

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Harris, Richard, e John Moffat. "Plant closure in Britain since the Great Recession". Economics Letters 140 (marzo 2016): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.01.004.

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Varnavskii, V. "New Approaches to Financing Infrastructure in Great Britain". World Economy and International Relations, n. 9 (2012): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-9-67-74.

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The author analyzes the current management and financing system reforming of the state-owned infrastructure or infrastructure under the state control in Great Britain. The article gives an assessment of current state of infrastructure in the country. The reasons for termination of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) are also revealed. The author is trying to prove that Public Private Partnership remains a predominant form of drawing private investments into infrastructure development.

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Atwal, Jyoti. "A Historical Review of Revolutionary Connections Between India and Ireland". Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, n. 2 (10 gennaio 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.5.2.02.

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This article visits moments of connected transnational histories of India and Ireland. Both the nations suffered under colonial rule. While Ireland attained independence from Britain in 1922, it continued to influence Indian revolutionaries and nationalists in several ways. The article provides an overarching review of some historical events that were reported in contemporary newspapers and remain main archives today for our knowledge on transnational anti colonial movements. Beginning with the perception of mutiny in Indian and Irish memory – the author explores key events such as De Valera’s address to Gadar Party in America in 1920, reporting of Jallian wala Bagh massacre in Ireland, Connaught Rangers’ mutiny of 1920 and 1916 Easter Rising.

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Artamonova, E. A. "VLADIMIR REBIKOV AND HIS MUSIC IN GREAT BRITAIN (BASED ON ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS)". Arts education and science 1, n. 30 (2022): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202201010.

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In tsarist Russia, the musical legacy and views of Vladimir Ivanovich Rebikov (1866–1920) — the "father of Russian modernism" — were often perceived with irony and misunderstanding, being called quackery and pretentious. In Soviet times Rebikov and his music were simply ignored for a long time, being categorically attributed to musical decadence. Interestingly, the British press spoke of Rebikov in a positive way. The publication of sheet music and frequent concert performances of the composer's music in London, in particular at the Proms in autumn 1916, laid the interest of the British audience in the composer, which lasted throughout the 20th century. And in general, the fate and work of Rebikov turned out to be full of unexpected twists, profound and beautiful, and the looming image of the composer is quite different from the usual one. The analysis of academic publications, as well as viola transcriptions of the distinguished British violists Lionel Tertis and Watson Forbes, hitherto unknown in Russia, is based on archival collections from British libraries.

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Guariglia, Alessandra. "Superstores and Labour Demand: Evidence from Great Britain". Journal of Applied Economics 5, n. 2 (novembre 2002): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2002.12040578.

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WARREN, ALLEN. "Sir Robert Baden-Powell, the Scout movement and citizen training in Great Britain, 1900–1920". English Historical Review CI, n. CCCXCIX (1986): 376–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ci.cccxcix.376.

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Morecroft, Nigel, e Craig Turnbull. "Institutional equity investing in Britain from 1900 to 2000". Financial History Review 26, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565018000112.

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In Britain around 1900, established financial institutions for long-term savings such as life assurers, and pension funds which were just in their formative phase, did not make material allocations to publicly quoted equity markets or ordinary shares; long-established life assurers, for example, had less than 3 per cent allocated to the asset class (Baker and Collins 2003). Over the following 100 years, this picture radically changed, with equities emerging as the central asset class for many institutional investors and the term ‘the cult of (the) equity’ was coined (Scott 2002; Avrahampour 2015). As the century progressed, institutional investors superseded private individuals and became the dominant holders of British publicly quoted companies (Cheffins 2010). Despite the attractions of the asset class and their generally high returns, within a relatively short period by the end of the century, institutional equity exposure had peaked and was in decline both at life assurers and within pension funds. Here we highlight, and link together, the key actuarial (Turnbull 2017) and investing (Morecroft 2017) ideas that were influential in these developments. We also identify the main individuals who were instrumental in the application of equity investing to institutional portfolios. The article has an emphasis towards years from 1920 to 1960 when most of the changes to investment practice and actuarial theory occurred.

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Morgan, Kevin. "Bolshevization, Stalinization, and Party Ritual: The Congresses of the Communist Party of Great Britain, 1920-1943". Labour History Review: Volume 87, Issue 2 87, n. 2 (1 luglio 2022): 141–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.2022.6.

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This paper examines the national congresses of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in the period of the Communist International (1919- 43). Both in Britain and internationally, communist party congresses in this period lost any independent decision-making role and became a mechanism activated and controlled from above. Not surprisingly, they have attracted little serious scholarly notice in their own right, but this paper identifies three themes deserving consideration: first, that of the congress as a field of tension between inherited notions of delegatory democracy and the Comintern’s top-down version of democratic centralism; second, that of its growing importance as a site of symbolic demonstration and ritualized group action; and third, that of bolshevization and Stalinization as processes that can be traced through these changing conceptions of the congress’s role. Each theme is considered here in a separate section. These employ a three-party periodization that supports an argument of the CPGB’s early but protracted bolshevization. Further watershed moments in the late 1920s and the mid-1930s can both in different ways be identified with Stalinization. These, however, did not so much resolve as displace the tensions with wider labour movement practices.

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Mikheiev, Andrii. "The Image of Ukraine in Great Britain during 1919–1920s". Kyiv Historical Studies 12, n. 1 (2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2021.13.

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Abstract (sommario):

The article examines the evolution of the image of Ukraine in the intellectual discourse of the British Empire immediately after the First World War, i.e., during 1919–1920s. This period was marked, on the one hand, by the continuation of the national liberation struggle within Ukraine and, on the other hand, by discussions on the post-war arrangement of Europe and the world at the Paris Peace Conference. Great Britain, as one of the victors in the war, as well as one of the most powerful states at the time, took an active part in these discussions, and the future of Ukrainian lands significantly depended on its position. Therefore, it seems interesting to trace the image of Ukraine that has developed among British intellectuals and politicians at this time, because it also made impact on the attitude of British diplomats to the Ukrainian question at the Paris Peace Conference. To achieve that goal, the article will analyze the attempts of the UPR Directory to establish contacts with British diplomats, the works of the famous British geographer and geopolitician Gelford Mackinder, the views of a prominent British statesman of the 20th century, and during 1919–1920s the Minister of War Winston Churchill, a booklet on Ukraine, issued by the Foreign Office in 1920, as well as the position of the then first man in the UK, British Prime Minister David Lloyd-George. Such a comprehensive view will provide a better understanding of the British vision of the Central and Eastern Europe region in general, and Ukraine in particular, in the context of that time.

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37

Krozewski, Gerold. "Finance and Empire: The Dilemma Facing Great Britain in the 1950s". International History Review 18, n. 1 (marzo 1996): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1996.9640736.

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38

Godfrey, John, e John Taylor. "The role of bus partnerships in Great Britain". Research in Transportation Economics 69 (settembre 2018): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2018.05.006.

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39

Kochegarov, S. A., e V. V. Mikhailov. "REACTION IN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN ON SOVIET-ESTONIAN PEACE NEGOTIATIONS IN 1919-1920". Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 7 (73), n. 3 (2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2021-7-3-58-71.

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The article focuses on the contradictions in the British regarding the continuation of military operations against the Soviet Republic at the end of 1919 and the participation of Estonia in the White struggle. Documents of British archives, and transcripts of proceedings of Parliament shows that after a series of military setbacks of the White forces, and the failure of formation with the direct pressure from the British military advisers of the government of the North-West Russia to create anti-Bolshevik coalition under the political control of the British commissioners in the Baltic countries, the mood in Parliament and the War Cabinet of Britain has changed. Speeches of liberal members of Parliament at the meetings of 1919-1920, note that the issue of concluding a Bolshevik-Estonian peace Treaty has become positively evaluated in wide circles of British society. Criticism of the «militarism» of the government became particularly acute after the peace of Tartu in January 1920, and the firmness of the Estonian government, which had making peace, was welcomed by a number of deputies. Minutes of meetings of the British Imperial War Cabinet and documents of the War Council also shows a shift from the policy of active involvement of the Baltic countries in the anti-Bolshevik struggle to recognition of the failure of this struggle and the impossibility of its revival by spending the financial and material resources, which were strongly necessary to solve other problems that arose in the British government after the end of the First world war.

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40

Zhilkina, A. N., e M. H. R. Orusbiev. "Background, problems and solutions for introducing Islamic insurance in the United Kingdom". Vestnik Universiteta, n. 9 (12 novembre 2021): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-9-130-135.

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The article is devoted to the study of Islamic insurance in the United Kingdom. It has been established that insurance is a major component of the state’s financial system. At the same time, there has been a rapid development of Islamic finance in recent years. The total Muslim population in the UK in 2020 is 4,130,000. Despite its low Muslim population, Great Britain is taking a proactive stance in developing Islamic finance. Despite the low number of Muslims, Great Britain is taking an active position in the development of Islamic finance. The country has established principles for the development of takafuls, and the market is being regulated. In addition, an ambitious target has been set for London to become an Islamic finance centre. There are currently positive trends in the takaful market. Despite this situation, further development in this area is required.

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41

Moore, James Ross. "The Gershwins in Britain". New Theatre Quarterly 10, n. 37 (febbraio 1994): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00000075.

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Overwhelmingly, the British reputation of George Gershwin is as a ‘serious’ composer: but this is liable to obscure not only the contributions he and his brother Ira made to the popular music theatre in Britain, but also, conversely, the British influences upon this seemingly all-American pair. George was profoundly influenced by that pre-eminent American Anglophile of his time, Jerome Kern, while British influences upon the semi-scholarly Ira extended far beyond W. S. Gilbert and P. G. Wodehouse. After ‘Swanee’ swept Britain in 1920, and George had honed his art and craft by writing the score for the West End revue, The Rainbow (1923), came the musical comedy, Primrose (1924) – its score his first to be published, and including some of his earliest orchestrations. A prototype of the frivolous comedies of the era, Primrose marked the first time the brothers were billed together as the Gershwins, since Ira had earlier written as ‘Arthur Francis’: it was also the immediate precursor of their first great Broadway hit, Lady, Be Good! Finally, in 1928, Ira collaborated, without George, on the London show That's a Good Girl – though Damsel in Distress, the brothers' last film musical, was a valedictory to the British-American musical comedy of the era. James Moore's earlier transatlantic study, of Cole Porter in Britain, appeared in NTQ30 (1992), and his Radio Two programme on the revue producer André Charlot was broadcast in October 1993.

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42

McGough, Tony, e Sotiris Tsolacos. "Interactions within the Office Market Cycle in Great Britain". Journal of Real Estate Research 18, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1999): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1999.12090992.

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43

O'Leary, Nigel C., e Peter J. Sloane. "The Return to a University Education in Great Britain". National Institute Economic Review 193 (luglio 2005): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950105058559.

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In this paper, we estimate the rate of return to first degrees, Masters degrees and PhDs in Britain using data from the Labour Force Survey. We estimate returns to broad subject groups and more narrowly defined disciplines, distinguishing returns by gender and controlling for variations in student quality across disciplines. The results reveal considerable heterogeneity in returns to particular degree programmes and by gender, which have important policy implications for charging students for the costs of their education.

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44

Metcal, David, e Simon Milner. "Final Offer Arbitration in Great Britain: Style and Impact". National Institute Economic Review 142, n. 1 (novembre 1992): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019214200105.

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45

Charles, Doris D. "Rob McQueen, A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 1854–1920". Law Teacher 44, n. 1 (10 febbraio 2010): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069400903541500.

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46

Stewart, John. "“The dangerous age of childhood”: child guidance and the “normal” child in Great Britain, 1920–1950". Paedagogica Historica 47, n. 6 (dicembre 2011): 785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2011.621201.

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47

Porte, Rémi. "L'échec de la Mission militaire française d'Aéronautique au Japon 1918-1920". Revue Historique des Armées 236, n. 3 (2004): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2004.5632.

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In 1918, at the request of Japan, France dispatched an aeronautical mission to the Land of the Rising Sun. This was tasked with participating in the formation of the Imperial Japanese Airforce whilst also simultaneously promoting the adoption of aircraft of French type to equip it. In spite of the efforts of Colonel Faure and his officers, the French Military Aeronautical Mission to Japan could deliver on only a part of its mission, and in very difficult material conditions. Receiving no meaningful support from metropolitan France, the mission could not help but observe that the other European Powers (Great Britain, Italy, Germany) were pursuing policies in this domain that were much more dynamic and had a real will behind them.

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48

Hovhannisyan, Lilit. "Cilicia in the Documents of the U.S. State Department in 1919−1920". Ցեղասպանագիտական հանդես 10, n. 1 (20 maggio 2022): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/jgs.0027.

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The diplomatic documents from the U.S. Department of State stored at the National Archives of the USA in Washington and Republic of Armenia in Yerevan, which were officially published in volumes by the U.S. Government yet in 1931-1947, contain remarkable material on Cilicia. They throw light upon the negotiations between the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and delegations representing those countries at the 1919-1920 Paris International Peace Conference on political status and borders of Cilicia, establishment of a mandate for it, withdrawal of British troops from the region, occupation of Cilicia and Syria by French troops. The documents of the State Department reveal the contradictions between the Great Powers on the above-mentioned issues, describe their interests in the region. Records for the meetings of the Council of Ten of February 4, Council of Four of March 20, May 14, 21, 31 and Council of Five of July 18, August 25, 1919 are valuable from this point of view. The “Scheme for settlement in the Turkish Empire” of May 21, 1919, reflects the position of the Prime Minister of Great Britain D. Lloyd George on Cilicia. The U.S. President W. Wilson’s approaches concerning Cilicia are reflected in reports of the U.S. Commissioners in Turkey C. Crane and H. King of August 28, 1919, and the chief of the military mission to Armenia General J. Harbord of October 16, 1919. The difficulty of the Turkish border demarcation through Cilicia is presented in a note issued by the Allied Supreme Council on April 26, 1920, to U.S. Secretary of State B. Colby. The U.S. State Department diplomatic documents confirm that the Allies were practically not interested in resolving the issue of ensuring the security of Cilicia and its Armenian population. Based on the 1916 Sykes-Picot Anglo-French secret agreement, the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres provided for the transference of the mandate of Cilicia to France. It became the beginning of handing over the land to the Kemalist Turkey. Thus France, seeking to receive its state debt from Turkey, became an accomplice to the new genocide of Cilicia Armenians.

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49

Hockings, Paul. "The Amateur Anthropologist". Anthropos 115, n. 2 (2020): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2020-2-343.

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The thinkers who founded anthropology and prehistory in the nineteenth century were almost entirely untrained in the subject, and indeed had often distinguished themselves in other professions altogether. Their efforts, along with the development of local field clubs in Britain and elsewhere, led to the founding of many museums, regional journals, and to the development of public interest in culture history. G. W. Willis, FSA, a clocksmith and Mayor of Basingstoke, was one example of an amateur who did a great deal of field study during 1920-70 and created a new museum.

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50

Karužaitė, Daiva. "Higher Education Changes in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries". Pedagogika 117, n. 1 (5 marzo 2015): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.064.

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The article reveals development and essential changes of higher education in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries. During last century Great Britain higher education system has changed dramatically – from elite higher education in the beginning of XX century, which was available for very small part of society, to mass higher education with variety of institutions and education programs. Nowadays there is almost half of Great Britain population (of certain age group) obtaining higher education certificate or diploma. The junction of XX and XXI centuries was signed with significant shift in the gender structure of higher education students: more women obtained fist university degree than men. Ten years later the same was recorded in higher degrees. The intense change of Great Britain higher education from elite to mass inevitably influenced the higher education finance sector. Great Britain used to cover all expenses of higher education from the budget. However, the financial crises occurred in the last decade of XX century, and the government was forced to seek for new financing models of higher education. First time in Great Britain higher education history the tuition fee was introduced. Striving to ensure the higher education accessibility for all social groups in Great Britain, the tuition fees were complemented with the grants and loans with special repayment (or without) conditions. Nevertheless, the financial reform, started in 1998, already was changed several times and has raised lots of critics. Along with the financial reform Great Britain deals with the higher education quality issues. There was no essential discussions about higher education quality in the beginning of the XX century as it was elite higher education. Moving to the mass higher education with variety of institutions and dramatically growing student number, the quality question becomes relevant. Despite the owning the largest number of worldwide level elite universities in Europe, Great Britain seeks to ensure the quality in all higher education institutions in the country. Therefore the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education was established. The Agency puts students and the public interest at the center of everything they do. Great Britain higher education quality policy is implemented basing on the Quality Code for Higher Education.

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