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1
Feyereisen, Gary W., Ehsan Ghane, Todd W. Schumacher, Brent J. Dalzell e M. R. Williams. "Can Woodchip Bioreactors Be Used at a Catchment Scale? Nitrate Performance and Sediment Considerations". Journal of the ASABE 66, n. 2 (2023): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15496.
Abstract (sommario):
Highlights Novel three-bed, cascading-inlet bioreactor treated agricultural drainage from a 249-ha catchment. Nitrate removal rates and load reduction efficiencies were similar to those of traditional single-field bioreactors. Sedimentation problems reduced bed life; a sediment sensing and exclusion system solved them. This scale provides opportunities for centralized management and nutrient reduction verification. Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors, a structural practice deployed at the field scale to meet water quality goals, have been underutilized and require additional evaluation at the small catchment scale. The objective of this study was to quantify the performance of a large, multi-bed denitrifying bioreactor system sized to treat agricultural drainage runoff (combined drainage discharge and surface runoff) from a 249-ha catchment. Three woodchip bioreactor beds, 7.6 m wide by 41 m long by 1.5 m deep, with cascading inlets, were constructed in 2016 in southern Minnesota, U.S. The beds received runoff for one water year from a catchment area that is 91% tile-drained row crops, primarily maize and soybeans. Initial woodchip quality differed among the three beds, affecting flow and nitrate removal rates. Bioreactor flow was unimpeded by sediment for twelve events from September 2016 to July 2017, during which time 55% of the discharge from the catchment was treated in the bioreactor beds. Average daily nitrate removal rates ranged from 2.5 to 6.5 g-N m-3 d-1 for the three bioreactor beds, with nitrate-N load removal of flow through the beds between 19% and 27%. When accounting for untreated by-pass flow, the overall nitrate-N removal of the multi-bed system was 12.5% (713 kg N). During high-flow events, incoming sediment clogged the reactor beds, decreasing their performance. There was 4,520 kg of sediment trapped in one bed, and evidence suggests the other two trapped a similar load. To solve this problem and prolong the bioreactor’s lifespan, we installed a shutoff gate that activated when inflow turbidity exceeded a threshold value. Finally, the findings indicate that catchment-scale denitrifying bioreactors can successfully remove nitrate load from agricultural runoff, but sediment-prevention measures may be required to extend the bioreactor's lifespan. Keywords: Bioreactor, Denitrification, Nitrate removal, Sedimentation, Subsurface drainage.
2
Hartfiel, Lindsey M., Michelle L. Soupir e Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Constant-Flow Woodchip Bioreactors". Transactions of the ASABE 64, n. 5 (2021): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14300.
Abstract (sommario):
HighlightsTechno-economic analysis was performed for multiple scales of bioreactors operated under a variety of conditions.The unit cost decreased as the bioreactor size increased.The unit cost increased in bioreactors with longer HRTs and bypass flow due to reduced treatment capacity.One large bioreactor was more cost-effective than multiple smaller bioreactors.Abstract. Woodchip denitrification bioreactors are a relatively new, edge-of-field technology used to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from subsurface tile drainage. The removal rate of nitrate is influenced by many factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and hydraulic residence time (HRT). The objective of this study was to conduct a techno-economic analysis (TEA) for four scales of woodchip denitrification bioreactors operating at three HRTs (2, 8, and 16 h), designed with bypass flow or with a low probability of bypass flow, to determine the cost to remove 1 kg of NO3-N at each bioreactor scale and at each HRT. Several assumptions were made: the flow rate required to achieve a 2 h HRT on a per m3 basis could be achieved at all scales, the same mass removal of NO3-N was achieved on a per cubic meter basis, and the 2 h HRT did not have any bypass flow at each scale. With these assumptions, the lowest unit cost was observed for the large-scale bioreactor sized to have a low probability of bypass flow at 16 h HRT, with a resulting cost of $0.74 kg-1 NO3-N removed. The highest unit cost was observed for the pilot-scale bioreactor designed with bypass flow to achieve a 16 h HRT at a cost of $60.13 kg-1 NO3-N removed. At longer HRTs with bypass flow, a greater percent removal of nitrate has been observed with a lower mass removal rate. By having a low probability of bypass flow in the design, a higher mass removal and percent removal of nitrate were observed, leading to the above results. Contrasting this trend, the total and annual costs were highest for the large-scale bioreactor and lowest for the pilot-scale bioreactor. However, it was determined that 783%, 280%, and 54% increases in total cost for the pilot-, small-, and medium-scale bioreactors would be incurred to implement the number of bioreactors (66, 24, and 4, respectively) required to treat the same volume of flow as one large bioreactor. These results can be used to inform future design decisions and inform stakeholders of the approximate unit cost of installing a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor over a range of expected field conditions. While a larger bioreactor with a low probability of bypass flow may represent a more cost-effective investment, the potential for unintended, negative byproducts needs to be considered in the design. Keywords: Denitrification, Nitrate, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.
3
Jeyakumar, Lordwin Girish Kumar, David B. McKenzie, Laura E. Christianson e Evan Derdall. "Initial Validation of a Replicated Field-scale Denitrifying Bioreactor Facility in a Boreal Environment". Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 02, n. 02 (29 dicembre 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2102005.
Abstract (sommario):
Denitrifying bioreactor technology, where a solid carbon source (woodchips) acts as a reactive medium to intercept agricultural tile drainage water, has been successfully used to convert N (NO3-) to di-nitrogen (N2) gas. Four replicated field-scale (24 m long x 3 m wide x 1 m deep), bioreactors were built and operated at the St. John’s Research and Development Centre and were successful at removing a notable amount of nitrate (N) from agricultural subsurface drainage water. The objective of this study was to investigate the internal flow dynamics of one of these field-scale bioreactors as a proxy for the others. The hydraulic conditions in the bioreactor system developed differently than expected; asymmetric flow rates led to long average hydraulic retention time (HRT) and a highly dispersed residence time distribution, which was revealed by a sodium chloride tracer test. To measure the internal flow a known amount of sodium chloride (salt) was added to water before it entered the bioreactor and samples were collected in 30 minutes intervals. The temperature of water samples taken from the inlet, outlet, and sample ports ranged from 14.5 to 18.4°C With a N removal of 62 to 66% the bioreactor proved at the same time to be very effective under the boreal environment of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Mass removal rate (MRR) was calculated to evaluate the performance of woodchip bioreactor. The average MRR was 3.87 gm-3day-1 and the highest was 7.19 gm-3day-1 respectively. The theoretical retention time was calculated to be approximately 10.64 h based on the active flow volume, the length and depth of the system. In comparison the observed retention was 18.18 h
4
Malhotra, Neeraj. "Bioreactors Design, Types, Influencing Factors and Potential Application in Dentistry. A Literature Review". Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 14, n. 4 (23 maggio 2019): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x14666190111105504.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives:A variety of bioreactors and related approaches have been applied to dental tissues as their use has become more essential in the field of regenerative dentistry and dental tissue engineering. The review discusses the various types of bioreactors and their potential application in dentistry.Methods:Review of the literature was conducted using keywords (and MeSH) like Bioreactor, Regenerative Dentistry, Fourth Factor, Stem Cells, etc., from the journals published in English. All the searched abstracts, published in indexed journals were read and reviewed to further refine the list of included articles. Based on the relevance of abstracts pertaining to the manuscript, full-text articles were assessed.Results:Bioreactors provide a prerequisite platform to create, test, and validate the biomaterials and techniques proposed for dental tissue regeneration. Flow perfusion, rotational, spinner-flask, strain and customize-combined bioreactors have been applied for the regeneration of bone, periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, oral mucosa, temporomandibular joint and vascular tissues. Customized bioreactors can support cellular/biofilm growth as well as apply cyclic loading. Center of disease control & dip-flow biofilm-reactors and micro-bioreactor have been used to evaluate the biological properties of dental biomaterials, their performance assessment and interaction with biofilms. Few case reports have also applied the concept of in vivo bioreactor for the repair of musculoskeletal defects and used customdesigned bioreactor (Aastrom) to repair the defects of cleft-palate.Conclusions:Bioreactors provide a sterile simulated environment to support cellular differentiation for oro-dental regenerative applications. Also, bioreactors like, customized bioreactors for cyclic loading, biofilm reactors (CDC & drip-flow), and micro-bioreactor, can assess biological responses of dental biomaterials by simultaneously supporting cellular or biofilm growth and application of cyclic stresses.
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Wickramarathne, Niranga M., Richard A. Cooke, Ruth Book e Laura E. Christianson. "Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactor Leachate Tannic Acid and True Color: Lab and Field Studies". Transactions of the ASABE 63, n. 6 (2020): 1747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14020.
Abstract (sommario):
HighlightsOak leached more tannic acid, true color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) than ash and mixed hardwood chips.The factors became similar (tannic acid, COD) or below stream levels (true color) after flushing.Eleven site-years of field bioreactor data showed decreasing tannic acid and true color over time.Post-startup tannic acid was lower in bioreactor outflow than in area streams.True color did not appear to be a reliable indicator of leachate tannic acid at low concentrations.Abstract. Woodchips have been a preferred denitrifying bioreactor medium to date, but concerns about potential harmful effects of tannins in the leachate have precluded the use of oak chips in many installations. A study was conducted to compare the suitability of oak (genus Quercus) woodchips as a denitrifying bioreactor medium relative to other types of woodchips, both in lab leachate tests and in the context of observed bioreactor leaching in the field. Assessment measures included the content of tannic acid and other compounds in the leachate, as well as leachate color, which can often be high during startup. An 84-day leaching test using rectangular bioreactor cells filled with either oak (Quercus rubra), ash (Fraxinus spp. L.), or a generic hardwood blend showed that oak initially leached higher concentrations of tannic acid, true color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) than the other two media. The significant differences in leached concentrations among the three wood types were eliminated after a finite leaching period. Tannic acid and true color in 11 site-years of field bioreactor outflow data generally decreased over time, except following a dry period when one of the bioreactors received no drainage inflow for more than two months. The lab and field results indicated the capability of woodchip bioreactors to flush at least these two analytes to ambient stream levels. True color did not appear to be the best parameter for estimating the tannin content of woodchip leachate due to discrepancies at low concentrations. Mass normalized tannic acid leaching ranged from 0.03 to approximately 40 mg tannic acid g-1 woodchip across the lab and field assessments. Oak initially leached more tannic acid, color, and COD than the other wood types, but the eventual similarity among the wood types after flushing with a sufficient number of pore volumes meant that any potentially negative environmental impacts would likely be limited to the startup period or possibly after dry periods. Oak initially eluted higher mean total nitrogen (TN) concentrations than the other wood types, but the treatments were not significantly different by day 3, indicating that biological N removal was not significantly inhibited, even with high concentrations of tannic acid. Keywords: Chemical oxygen demand, Oak, Tannin, Water quality, Wood leachate.
6
Zablodskiy, M., P. Klendiy, O. Dudar e I. Radko. "Research of the Influence of the Combined Electromagnetic Field on Biogas Output". Problems of the Regional Energetics, n. 2(58) (maggio 2023): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2023.2-58-08.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of research is determining the conditions of stimulating effect of the combined influence of constant and variable electromagnetic fields on the substrate and microorganisms in the bioreactor. This goal is achieved by solving the following tasks: development of mathematical model, conducting numerical simulation to determine the distribution of magnetic field in active zones of the stator-bioreactor system; conducting experimental researches during the fermentation of pig’s manure with litter from wheat straw in the mesophilic mode of fermentation. One category of bioreactors (control samples) was not exposed to influence of magnetic field, for the other, periodically were made treatment simultaneously with a low-frequency electromagnetic field and constant magnetic field synchronously with the process of mixing the substrate. The most significant results are: an experimental proof of effectiveness of the proposed method of intensification of the biogas output and increasing its quality, high accuracy of mathematical model of distribution the magnetic field in active zones of the stator-bioreactor system; assessment of the levels of consumption of nutrients by microorganisms from the substrate under the influence of the combined magnetic field and without influence of the magnetic field. The significance of obtained results lies in the fact that the proposed approach to intensification of the biogas output provides increase of the level production, the quality of biogas, and cumulative rate of methane output per unit of organic mass in the reactor.
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Kuyukina, Maria S., Anastasiya V. Krivoruchko e Irena B. Ivshina. "Advanced Bioreactor Treatments of Hydrocarbon-Containing Wastewater". Applied Sciences 10, n. 3 (24 gennaio 2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030831.
Abstract (sommario):
This review discusses bioreactor-based methods for industrial hydrocarbon-containing wastewater treatment using different (e.g., stirred-tank, membrane, packed-bed and fluidized-bed) constructions. Aerobic, anaerobic and hybrid bioreactors are becoming increasingly popular in the field of oily wastewater treatment, while high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons usually require physico-chemical pre-treatments. Most efficient bioreactor techniques employ immobilized cultures of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, either defined consortia or mixed natural populations. Some advantages of fluidized-bed bioreactors over other types of reactors are shown, such as large biofilm–liquid interfacial area, high immobilized biomass concentration and improved mass transfer characteristics. Several limitations, including low nutrient content and the presence of heavy metals or toxicants, as well as fouling and contamination with nuisance microorganisms, can be overcome using effective inocula and advanced bioreactor designs. The examples of laboratory studies and few successful pilot/full-scale applications are given relating to the biotreatment of oilfield wastewater, fuel-contaminated water and refinery effluents.
8
Sassi, Lisa, Omolola Ajayi, Sara Campinoti, Dipa Natarajan, Claire McQuitty, Riccardo Rayan Siena, Sara Mantero et al. "A Perfusion Bioreactor for Longitudinal Monitoring of Bioengineered Liver Constructs". Nanomaterials 11, n. 2 (21 gennaio 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020275.
Abstract (sommario):
In the field of in vitro liver disease models, decellularised organ scaffolds maintain the original biomechanical and biological properties of the extracellular matrix and are established supports for in vitro cell culture. However, tissue engineering approaches based on whole organ decellularized scaffolds are hampered by the scarcity of appropriate bioreactors that provide controlled 3D culture conditions. Novel specific bioreactors are needed to support long-term culture of bioengineered constructs allowing non-invasive longitudinal monitoring. Here, we designed and validated a specific bioreactor for long-term 3D culture of whole liver constructs. Whole liver scaffolds were generated by perfusion decellularisation of rat livers. Scaffolds were seeded with Luc+HepG2 and primary human hepatocytes and cultured in static or dynamic conditions using the custom-made bioreactor. The bioreactor included a syringe pump, for continuous unidirectional flow, and a circuit built to allow non-invasive monitoring of culture parameters and media sampling. The bioreactor allowed non-invasive analysis of cell viability, distribution, and function of Luc+HepG2-bioengineered livers cultured for up to 11 days. Constructs cultured in dynamic conditions in the bioreactor showed significantly higher cell viability, measured with bioluminescence, distribution, and functionality (determined by albumin production and expression of CYP enzymes) in comparison to static culture conditions. Finally, our bioreactor supports primary human hepatocyte viability and function for up to 30 days, when seeded in the whole liver scaffolds. Overall, our novel bioreactor is capable of supporting cell survival and metabolism and is suitable for liver tissue engineering for the development of 3D liver disease models.
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Grün, Christoph, Brigitte Altmann e Eric Gottwald. "Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part I: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature Published between 2000 and 2020". Processes 8, n. 12 (15 dicembre 2020): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121656.
Abstract (sommario):
Bioreactors have proven useful for a vast amount of applications. Besides classical large-scale bioreactors and fermenters for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, micro-bioreactors, as specialized bioreactor systems, have become an invaluable tool for mammalian 3D cell cultures. In this systematic review we analyze the literature in the field of eukaryotic 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors within the last 20 years. For this, we define complexity levels with regard to the cellular 3D microenvironment concerning cell–matrix-contact, cell–cell-contact and the number of different cell types present at the same time. Moreover, we examine the data with regard to the micro-bioreactor design including mode of cell stimulation/nutrient supply and materials used for the micro-bioreactors, the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques and the related cellular microenvironment, the cell types and in vitro models used. As a data source we used the National Library of Medicine and analyzed the studies published from 2000 to 2020.
10
Christianson, Laura Elizabeth, Reid Christianson, Carolina Díaz-García, Gabriel Johnson, Bryan Maxwell, Richard Andrew Cooke, N. M. Wickramarathne e Lowell Gentry. "Denitrifying Bioreactor In Situ Woodchip Bulk Density". Journal of the ASABE 66, n. 3 (2023): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15364.
Abstract (sommario):
Highlights The bulk density of woodchips in denitrifying bioreactors in the field is unknown. In situ bulk density estimation methods were developed for use during construction or excavation. Dry bulk densities of aged woodchips at bioreactor bottoms were lower than previous literature values. Moisture and particle size and density explained some, but not all, of the variation in in situ bulk densities. Abstract. Woodchip bulk density in a denitrifying bioreactor governs system hydraulics, but this prime physical attribute has never been estimated in situ. The objectives were twofold: (1) to establish estimates of in situ woodchip bulk density at bioreactors in the field, and (2) evaluate causal factors for and resulting impacts of these estimates. Proof-of-concept bulk density methods were developed at a pilot-scale bioreactor using three ways to estimate volume: surveying the excavated area, pumping the excavation full through a flow meter, and using iPhone Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). These methods were then further tested at two new and three old full-size bioreactors. Additional ex situ (off-site) testing with the associated woodchips included analysis of bulk density along a moisture gradient and particle size, particle density, wood composition, and hydraulic property testing. In situ dry bulk densities based on the entire volume of the new bioreactors (206-224 kg/m3) were similar to values from previous lab-scale studies. In situ estimates for woodchips at the bottom of aged bioreactors (22-mo. to 6-y) were unexpectedly low (120-166 kg/m3), given that these woodchips would presumably be the most compacted. These low moisture-content corrected dry bulk densities were influenced by high moisture contents in situ (>70% wet basis). The impacts of particle size and particle density on bulk density were somewhat mixed across the dataset, but in general, smaller woodchips had higher dry bulk densities than larger, and several woodchips sourced from the bottom of bioreactors had low particle densities. Although dry bulk densities in the zone of flow in bioreactors in the field were shown to be relatively low, the resulting permeability coefficients under those packing conditions did not differ from those of the original woodchips. The LiDAR-based volume estimation method was the most practical for large-scale, full-size evaluations and allowed high precision with small features (e.g., vertical reactor edges, drainage fittings). Keywords: Compaction, Cone penetrometer, Drainable porosity, LiDAR, Moisture content, Survey.
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Gosch, Lennart, Haojie Liu e Bernd Lennartz. "Performance of a Woodchip Bioreactor for the Treatment of Nitrate-Laden Agricultural Drainage Water in Northeastern Germany". Environments 7, n. 9 (15 settembre 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7090071.
Abstract (sommario):
Reactive barriers, such as denitrifying bioreactors, have been identified as a clean-up option for nutrient-laden agriculture runoff. Here we tested a 20 m long, 3.75 m wide and 2.2 m deep woodchip bioreactor receiving tile drainage water from a 5.2 ha field site, aiming at testing the hydraulic functioning of a dual-inlet system and quantifying its impact on nutrient loads (nitrogen, reactive phosphorus, organic carbon) in a region with a drainage season taking place in the hydrological winter (November to April). The hydraulic conditions in the dual-inlet bioreactor system developed differently than expected; asymmetric flow rates led to long average hydraulic retention times and a highly dispersed residence time distribution, which was revealed by a bromide tracer test. With a nitrate load reduction of 51 to 90% over three drainage seasons, the woodchip bioreactor proved at the same time to be very effective under the winter conditions of northeastern Germany. The bioreactor turned from an orthophosphate source in the first year of operation into an orthophosphate sink in the second and third year, which was not expected because of anoxic conditions (favorable for denitrification) prevailing within the woodchips. Besides an efficient nutrient retention, the woodchip bioreactor contributed to the total organic carbon load of receiving waters, which impairs the overall positive role of bioreactors within intensively agriculturally used landscapes. We consider this promising low-maintenance biotechnology particularly suitable for single drainage pipes with high discharge and high nitrate concentrations.
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Feyereisen, Gary W., Christopher Hay, Ulrike W. Tschirner, Keegan Kult, Niranga M. Wickramarathne, Natasha Hoover e Michelle L. Soupir. "Denitrifying Bioreactor Woodchip Recharge: Media Properties after Nine Years". Transactions of the ASABE 63, n. 2 (2020): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13709.
Abstract (sommario):
HighlightsWood media harvested from a nine-year-old denitrifying bioreactor were evaluated.Media physical changes had multiple causes and effects.Impacts of the physical changes may have been exacerbated by development of preferential flow.LCIs > 0.6 showed C quality declined but media still supported N removal.Abstract. There is a lack of information on denitrifying bioreactors treating subsurface drainage water at the end of their initial design life due to the relative newness of the technology and the relatively long estimated life. A denitrifying bioreactor (15 m L × 7.6 m W × 1.1 m D) installed in August 2008 in Greene County, Iowa, was recharged with new woodchips in November 2017 (age 9.25 years), providing the opportunity to evaluate the properties of the wood media at the end of design life. The objective was to pair a battery of physical, chemical, and nitrate-N removal tests on the wood media harvested from the bioreactor with field observations to assess likely reasons why denitrifying bioreactors treating tile drainage may need to be recharged. The two types of wood media harvested from the bioreactor (termed woodchips and mixed shreds) had median particle sizes (D50) of 12.1 and 7.7 mm, respectively, and saturated hydraulic conductivities of 4.2 ±3.0 and 3.1 ±1.0 cm s-1 (mean ± standard deviation), which were within the range of reported values for woodchips, albeit at the low end. The wood media carbon content and quality had degraded (e.g., lignocellulose indices of 0.63 to 0.74, nearing the range of decomposition stabilization), although batch tests suggested the robustness of wood as a carbon source to support nitrate removal (e.g., 65% nitrate concentration reduction in drainage water). Woodchip degradation along with sedimentation from the drainage system likely reduced conductivities over time. Development of preferential flow paths through the bioreactor was indicated by low bioreactor outflow rates (i.e., reduced permeability) and reduced hydraulic efficiency based on conservative tracer testing. These changes in media properties and linked impacts resulted in the need to recharge this bioreactor after nine years. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, Hydraulic conductivity, Nitrate, Water quality.
13
Qiao, Bo Bo, Rui Tian, Chun Li Li, Rui Fang Li, Xue Qing Dong e Jia Long Wen. "Study on the Flow Field in Membrane Bioreactor Research by Using PIV". Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (maggio 2012): 1078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1078.
Abstract (sommario):
Membrane bioreactor flow field distribution directly affect effective control of the membrane pollution,and affect the membrane flux greatly. The experiments of membrane bioreactor liquid are measured by using PIV that the measurement areas include membrane bioreactor upper, middle and lower. The experimental data obtained velocity field information through the PIV software analysis. The experimental result indicates that middle of the membrane bioreactor flow field is the most unstable. The experimental measurement result provide membrane bioreactor structure the optimized design, effective control of membrane pollution and raise the membrane flux.
14
Debnath, Samir C. "Developing a scale-up system for the in vitro multiplication of thidiazuron-induced strawberry shoots using a bioreactor". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, n. 4 (1 luglio 2008): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07147.
Abstract (sommario):
The use of large-scale liquid cultures in a bioreactor system has the potential to resolve the manual handling of the various stages of micropropagation and increases shoot multiplication in vitro significantly compared with those cultured on semi-solid gelled medium. In an attempt to improve the micropropagation protocol for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), a procedure for the mass propagation of adventitious shoots regenerated from leaf, sepal and petiole explants of cultivar Bounty using a liquid medium-containing bioreactor system combined with gelled medium is described. Leaf disks, sepals and petiole halves produced multiple buds and shoots without an intermediary callus phase on 2-4 µM thidiazuron (TDZ)-containing shoot induction medium within 5-6 wk of culture initiation. TDZ supported rapid shoot proliferation at low concentrations (0.1 µM), but induced hyperhydricity in a bioreactor system. Bioreactor-multiplied hyperhydric shoots were transferred to gelled medium containing 2-4 µM zeatin, and produced normal shoots and root within 4 wk of culture. In vitro derived plantlets were acclimatized and eventually established in the greenhouse and in the field. Present results suggested the possibility of large-scale multiplication of strawberry shoots in bioreactors. Key words: Fragaria × ananassa, growth regulator, shoot regeneration, RITA® bioreactor
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Nečiporenko, Anatolij, Feliksas Ivanauskas, Jurgita Dabulytė-Bagdonavičienė, Arvydas Povilaitis e Valdas Laurinavičius. "NITRATE REMOVAL IN WOODCHIP DENITRIFICATION BIOREACTOR – AN APPROACH COMBINING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND PI CONTROL". Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.15295.
Abstract (sommario):
A mathematical model of nitrate removal in woodchip denitrification bioreactor based on field experiment measurements was developed in this study. The approach of solving inverse problem for nonlinear system of differential convection-reaction equations was applied to optimize the efficiency of nitrate removal depending on bioreactor’s length and flow rate. The approach was realized through the developed algorithm containing a nonlocal condition with an incorporated PI controller. This allowed to adjust flow rate for varying inflow nitrate concentrations by using PI controller. The proposed model can serve as a useful tool for bioreactor design. The main outcome of the model is a mathematical relationship intended for bioreactor length selection when nitrate concentration at the inlet and the flow rate are known. Custom software was developed to solve the system of differential equations aiming to ensure the required nitrate removal efficiency.
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Kordas, Marian, Maciej Konopacki, Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz, Adrian Augustyniak, Daniel Musik, Krzysztof Wójcik, Magdalena Jędrzejczak-Silicka e Rafał Rakoczy. "Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Analysis in BioFlow® Bioreactor Systems". Processes 8, n. 10 (19 ottobre 2020): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101311.
Abstract (sommario):
Biotechnological processes involving the presence of microorganisms are realized by using various types of stirred tanks or laboratory-scale dual-impeller commercial bioreactor. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer rate are crucial parameters describing the functionality and efficiency of bioreactors. Both parameters strictly depend on mixing applied during bioprocesses conducted in bioreactors. Establishing optimum hydrodynamics conditions for the realized process with microorganisms maximizes the yield of desired products. Therefore, our main objective was to analyze and define the main operational hydrodynamic parameters (including flow field, power consumption, mixing time, and mixing energy) and mass transfer process (in this case, gas–liquid transfer) of two different commercial bioreactors (BioFlo® 115 and BioFlo® 415). The obtained results are allowed using mathematical relationships to describe the analyzed processes that can be used to predict the mixing process and mass transfer ratio in BioFlo® bioreactors. The proposed correlations may be applied for the design of a scaled-up or scaled-down bioreactors.
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Yu, Chi, Gang Wang, Jing Zhang e Shi Ping Zhan. "Flow Field Numerical Simulation on the Membrane Aeration Biofilm Reactor". Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (giugno 2014): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1003.
Abstract (sommario):
Based on the design of membrane bioreactor three-dimensional finite element model is established,Finite volume method was applied to sewage treatment in the process of membrane bioreactor internal flow field is unsteady flow numerical simulation and analysis. The results of numerical simulation can be seen at the bottom of the membrane module speed change is small, to purify sewage full contact with membrane module, the upper change is bigger, treated sewage can be quickly exhaust to the outside world. This study on flow field of the bioreactor of in-depth study, the new structure design and optimization has its far-reaching significance. Finite volume method was applied to sewage treatment in the process of membrane bioreactor internal flow field is unsteady flow numerical simulation and analysis. The results of numerical simulation can be seen at the bottom of the membrane module speed change is small, to purify sewage full contact with membrane module, the upper change is bigger, treated sewage can be quickly exhaust to the outside world. This study on flow field of the bioreactor of in-depth study, the new structure design and optimization has its far reaching significance.
18
Warith, Mostafa. "Bioreactor landfills: experimental and field results". Waste Management 22, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(01)00014-9.
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Kostova, Jordanka, Sylvio Schneider, Sabine Sauer, Andrea Böhme, Mauro Casalboni e Andreas H. Foitzik. "Novel Bioreactor-System for In Situ-Cultivation of Artificial Tissue". Materials Science Forum 879 (novembre 2016): 1002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1002.
Abstract (sommario):
A bioreactor is a device simulating physiological environments for different biotechnological applications. In highly promising research fields like tissue engineering micro-sized bioreactors were utilized successfully promoting mammalian cells to grow and build 3D cell structures similar to in vivo environments. For any practical application and even for improved R&D it is necessary to generate and maintain a physiological environment over the whole cultivation period (hours, days or weeks, in case of artificial organs even up to months). Depending on the field of application physiological environments can comprise different parameters. In case of mammalian cell lines these parameters require a complex supply and monitoring system. Thus, we developed a semi-automated bioreactor-system for long-term cultivation of different mammalian cell types imitating physiological conditions. The system included detection and control of the following parameters: temperature, pH-value, gas concentration and the continuous supply with nutrients. A micro fluidic network was established enabling a high through-put cultivating system as bioreactor-system. The bioreactor-system consists of several micro-sized chambers in a microliter scale (the related article discussing the micro-sized chambers “Miniaturized Flow-Through Bioreactor for Processing and Testing in Pharmacology” by Boehme et al is published within this issue). The chambers were placed in a polymeric slide each with an individual medium supply and disposal. Every single chamber thus was connected to an individual syringe-based micro-pump setup and supplied by nutrients solution with a velocity of 100μl/h. The pH-value was observed optically and controlled via CO2 supply. All gas interchanges into every single chamber were realized via semi permeable membranes. The required temperature was adjusted via an appropriate custom-fit heating system utilizing MOSFETs allocated on an aluminum board along the slides. Two slides each were housed in a PMMA case. This bioreactor-system is a first prototype for larger systems aiming for the parallel operation of up to 100 micro-sized reaction chambers.
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An, Yang, e Dong Li. "Engineering skeletal muscle tissue in bioreactor systems". Chinese Medical Journal 127, n. 23 (5 dicembre 2014): 4130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20141076.
Abstract (sommario):
Objective To give a concise review of the current state of the art in tissue engineering (TE) related to skeletal muscle and kinds of bioreactor environment. Data sources The review was based on data obtained from the published articles and guidelines. Study selection A total of 106 articles were selected from several hundred original articles or reviews. The content of selected articles is in accordance with our purpose and the authors are authorized scientists in the study of engineered muscle tissue in bioreactor. Results Skeletal muscle TE is a promising interdisciplinary field which aims at the reconstruction of skeletal muscle loss. Although numerous studies have indicated that engineering skeletal muscle tissue may be of great importance in medicine in the near future, this technique still represents a limited degree of success. Since tissue-engineered muscle constructs require an adequate connection to the vascular system for efficient transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products. Moreover, functional and clinically applicable muscle constructs depend on adequate neuromuscular junctions with neural cells. Third, in order to engineer muscle tissue successfully, it may be beneficial to mimic the in vivo environment of muscle through association with adequate stimuli from bioreactors. Conclusion Vascular system and bioreactors are necessary for development and maintenance of engineered muscle in order to provide circulation within the construct.
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Xu, Shu. "Study on Temperature Field of L-Phenylalanine Fermentation in Heat Pipe Bioreactor". Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (novembre 2011): 984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.984.
Abstract (sommario):
L-phenylalanine fermentation (L-Phe) is produced by the preparation method of PPA-transamination using the ferment liquor, which is the production of the E.coli No.1 fermented in heat pipe bioreactor (HPBR), the technical indexes are superior. The temperature profile of ferment liquor in the period of microbe growth is well distributed, the mean difference in temperature is 0.08°C, while the maximum value is 0.4°C.Base on operational principle of heat pipe, HPBR solves many problems on heat transfer in traditional bioreactor: nonuniformity of temperature profile, inefficiency of heat transfer etc. The study in-depth on transfer process in HPBR will effectively accelerate exploitation for new-style bioreactor and advancement of biotechnology.
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Bareither, Christopher A., Ronald J. Breitmeyer, Craig H. Benson, Morton A. Barlaz e Tuncer B. Edil. "Deer Track Bioreactor Experiment: Field-Scale Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Bioreactor Performance". Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 138, n. 6 (giugno 2012): 658–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000636.
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Chun, J. A., R. A. Cooke, J. W. Eheart e J. Cho. "Estimation of flow and transport parameters for woodchip-based bioreactors: II. field-scale bioreactor". Biosystems Engineering 105, n. 1 (gennaio 2010): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.09.018.
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Zhu, Li Kuan, Bo Yan Song, Zhen Long Wang e Yu Kui Wang. "Optimze the Structure of Impeller for Stirred Bioreactor". Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (maggio 2013): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.148.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper mainly makes comparative analysis on four main types of blade in stirred bioreactor by Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation. Firstly we establish simulation method suited for stirred bioreactor, then simulate the velocity and shear force of flow field in the bioreactor. No matter from flow field mixing or shear force aspect, Elephant Ear blades is the most suitable for cell large scale culture. At last, it optimizes the installation method and angle of Elephant Ear blades. It concludes that anticlockwise rotation and 45°installation angle is the optimum.
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Kumon, Hiroki, Shinya Sakuma, Sou Nakamura, Hisataka Maruyama, Koji Eto e Fumihito Arai. "Microfluidic Bioreactor Made of Cyclo-Olefin Polymer for Observing On-Chip Platelet Production". Micromachines 12, n. 10 (15 ottobre 2021): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12101253.
Abstract (sommario):
We previously proposed a microfluidic bioreactor with glass–Si–glass layers to evaluate the effect of the fluid force on platelet (PLT) production and fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) microchannel by combining grayscale photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. However, a challenge remains in observing the detailed process of PLT production owing to the low visibility of the microfluidic bioreactor. In this paper, we present a transparent microfluidic bioreactor made of cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) with which to observe the process of platelet-like particle (PLP) production under a bright-field, which allows us to obtain image data at a high sampling rate. We succeeded in fabricating the COP microfluidic bioreactor with a 3D microchannel. We investigated the bonding strength of COP-COP layers and confirmed the effectiveness of the microfluidic bioreactor. Results of on-chip PLP production using immortalized megakaryocyte cell lines (imMKCLs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells show that the average total number of produced PLPs per imMKCL was 17.6 PLPs/imMKCL, which is comparable to that of our previous glass–Si–glass microfluidic bioreactor (17.4 PLPs/imMKCL). We succeeded in observing PLP production under a bright-field using the presented microfluidic bioreactor and confirmed that PLP fragmented in a narrow area of proplatelet-like protrusions.
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Gao, Yu Bao, Wei Hong Zhou, Lu Shan Cen, Yu Cong Xu, Jiu Xing Liang e Yu Xi Luo. "The Simplified Flow Field Analysis Method of Multi-Layers Parallel Plates Perfusion Bioreactor". Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (dicembre 2013): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.191.
Abstract (sommario):
Multi-layers parallel plates perfusion bioreactor has the potential advantage in cells cultivation of tissue engineering and good scalability for cells cultivation on a large scale. It is necessary to analyze the distribution of flow shear stress (FSS) of bioreactors which has strong influence on the growth of cells. The result of meshing was not satisfactory because of the complexity of multi-layers parallel plates when using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the FSS, and the amount of calculation was great and complex especially under the process of influence on FSS caused by analyzing the different structure. The new method of simplified flow field analysis was presented in this paper, which was based on relation between FSS and flow and made the process simpler by analyzing distribution of rate instead of FSS. The simulation result showed that this method can satisfy the requirement of precision and provide reference for the analysis of the flow field which had the established relationship between structural parameters and laminar flow within it.
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Tacke, D., J. Pinnekamp, H. Prieske e M. Kraume. "Membrane bioreactor aeration: investigation of the velocity flow pattern". Water Science and Technology 57, n. 4 (1 marzo 2008): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.123.
Abstract (sommario):
Results of investigations concerning membrane bioreactor aeration are presented which were carried out at the Institute of Environmental Engineering of RWTH Aachen University (ISA) in cooperation with the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Technische Universität Berlin. In the field of industrial and municipal wastewater treatment the use of membrane bioreactors (MBR) is of increasing interest especially due to the high requirements on effluent quality nowadays. The design of aeration systems is a very important aspect of MBR development because it influences both cost of operation and filtration flux. The ISA has carried out tests concerning the velocity flow pattern in flat sheet membrane modules (developed by the A3 Water Solutions GmbH) to identify the effects of different aeration systems, aeration intensities and module constructions. The Department of Chemical Engineering is currently using the results obtained from the ADV to calibrate a numerical model which simulates two phase water and gas flow within an aerated membrane module. Optical investigations concerning the bubble distribution give a better understanding of the flow conditions in MBR. Developing a numerical tool for membrane module optimization concerning the hydrodynamics is the aim of the investigation of membrane bioreactor aeration.
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Hubert, Casey, e Gerrit Voordouw. "Oil Field Souring Control by Nitrate-Reducing Sulfurospirillum spp. That Outcompete Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria for Organic Electron Donors". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, n. 8 (16 febbraio 2007): 2644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02332-06.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Nitrate injection into oil reservoirs can prevent and remediate souring, the production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Nitrate stimulates nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) and heterotrophic nitrate-reducing bacteria (hNRB) that compete with SRB for degradable oil organics. Up-flow, packed-bed bioreactors inoculated with water produced from an oil field and injected with lactate, sulfate, and nitrate served as sources for isolating several NRB, including Sulfurospirillum and Thauera spp. The former coupled reduction of nitrate to nitrite and ammonia with oxidation of either lactate (hNRB activity) or sulfide (NR-SOB activity). Souring control in a bioreactor receiving 12.5 mM lactate and 6, 2, 0.75, or 0.013 mM sulfate always required injection of 10 mM nitrate, irrespective of the sulfate concentration. Community analysis revealed that at all but the lowest sulfate concentration (0.013 mM), significant SRB were present. At 0.013 mM sulfate, direct hNRB-mediated oxidation of lactate by nitrate appeared to be the dominant mechanism. The absence of significant SRB indicated that sulfur cycling does not occur at such low sulfate concentrations. The metabolically versatile Sulfurospirillum spp. were dominant when nitrate was present in the bioreactor. Analysis of cocultures of Desulfovibrio sp. strain Lac3, Lac6, or Lac15 and Sulfurospirillum sp. strain KW indicated its hNRB activity and ability to produce inhibitory concentrations of nitrite to be key factors for it to successfully outcompete oil field SRB.
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Alves de Oliveira, Luciano, Bryan M. Maxwell, Reid D. Christianson e Laura E. Christianson. "High-Frequency Bromide Sensor Performance during Denitrifying Bioreactor Tracer Testing". Applied Engineering in Agriculture 39, n. 6 (2023): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15683.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. High-frequency bromide (Br-) sensors could resolve challenges during denitrifying bioreactor tracer tests. Deployment of a Br- sensor during a tracer test resulted in both under- and over-reported concentrations. Collecting high-resolution Br- concentrations generally did not add value to calculated tracer metrics. However, high-frequency Br- sensors were overall considered a convenient tool, in part, due to ease of deployment. Bromide (Br-) tracer tests are an important environmental monitoring method for assessing internal hydraulics in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors. The objective was to assess performance of relatively new high-frequency Br- sensing technology to help resolve challenges associated with sampling uncertainty and failure during bioreactor tracer tests. A Seametrics TempHion™ Bromide Logger was used to: (1) continuously log Br- concentrations at least every 30 s during three tracer tests in the field and (2) determine Br- concentrations in sample bottles post-hoc following eight tracer tests (sampling frequency in the field: every 2 to 300 min). Both were compared to lab-analyzed Br- concentrations. The sensor underreported Br- concentrations at two real-time tracer tests and overreported during one test, but this mainly impacted the tracer metric of percent recovery. While Br- sensor deployment during a tracer test is the ideal use of this convenient tool, use of the sensor post-hoc in collected bottles matched the lab-analyzed concentrations more closely based on the Root Mean Square Errors and the Mean Absolute Errors. The sensor’s ability to collect large amounts of high-resolution concentrations did not necessarily add value because most tracer metrics were interpolated with reasonable accuracy from the discrete lab-analyzed samples. The relatively continuous nature of the sensed concentrations, however, along with ease of deployment were important sensor benefits. Keywords: Conservative tracer test, Continuous sensor, Double peak, Subsurface drainage, Woodchip bioreactor.
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Pazos, Patricia, Salvador Fortaner e Pilar Prieto. "Long-term In Vitro Toxicity Models: Comparisons Between a Flow-cell Bioreactor, a Static-cell Bioreactor and Static Cell Cultures". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, n. 5 (settembre 2002): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203000505.
Abstract (sommario):
In vitro long-term toxicity testing is becoming an important issue in the field of toxicology, and there is a need to develop new model systems that mimic human chronic exposure and its effects. The aim of this work was to test two long-term in vitro toxicity systems which are available, a flow-cell bioreactor (Tecnomouse) and a static cell bioreactor system (CELLine CL 6-well), and to compare them with the use of conventional cell culture flasks. A human cell line, Int 407, was exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 10–7–10–8M) for 4 weeks. Cell numbers and cell viabilities were determined by the trypan blue (TB) exclusion assay and from exclusion of propidium iodide (PI) as determined by flow cytometry; and cell viability and metabolic activity were determined by the MTT assay. In addition, total protein determination and cadmium uptake measurements were performed. The results obtained with TB and PI exclusion did not show clear differences in cell viability with increasing CdCl2 concentration. However, in the static cell-culture systems, an increase in MTT reduction was found at low concentrations of CdCl2. Expression of heat-shock protein (Hsp27 and Hsp70) increased differently, depending on the CdCl2 concentration applied and the system used. In summary, of the two bioreactors, the CELLine CL 6-well bioreactor was shown to be the more efficient system for performing long-term cytotoxicity studies. It is easy to handle, it permits the assessment of several endpoints, and sufficient replicates can be made available.
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Maxwell, Bryan M., Richard A. Cooke, Reid D. Christianson e Laura E. Christianson. "Stage-Discharge Relationships of Drawdown Plates for Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors". Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, n. 6 (2021): 1023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14633.
Abstract (sommario):
HighlightsDrawdown plates can prevent prolonged saturation in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors.Contraction coefficients for the orifice equation ranged from 0.74 to 0.76.Drawdown orifice should be sized appropriately to avoid interfering with design flow rates.Established stage-discharge relationships for drawdown orifice improve accuracy of flow monitoring.Abstract.Denitrifying woodchip bioreactors are a conservation drainage practice used to reduce nitrate loads in tile drainage water from field crops. Prolonged saturation in the woodchip media under no flow or low flow conditions can result in the production of hydrogen sulfide and methane. The US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service’s (NRCS) Conservation Practice Standard for denitrifying bioreactors recommends a low-level orifice at the bioreactor outlet to drain the woodchip media within 48 h to prevent prolonged stagnation. This study determined stage-discharge relationships for three drawdown configurations in an AgriDrain water level control structure (15.2 cm nominal tile size) to improve accuracy of estimating flow in field bioreactors. Tested drawdown configurations consisted of a custom-made inverted-v orifice plate currently used by the NRCS (3.6 cm2 orifice area); and a 2 and an 8 mm gap between the base of the structure and the bottom stop log (2.6 and 12.3 cm2 orifice area, respectively). The stage-discharge relationship for all three orifices was accurately described by the orifice flow equation (R2 > 0.99). Stage-discharge relationship for the inverted-v drawdown plate in combination with a stainless steel-edged v-notch weir was the sum of their respective stage-discharge relationships for orifice flow and flow over the weir. Contraction coefficients for the inverted-v, 2 mm gap, and 8 mm gap configurations were 0.74, 0.74, and 0.76, respectively. The stage-discharge relationships for the inverted-v, 2 mm gap, and 8 mm gap configurations were Q = 3.26*A*h0.5, Q = 3.29*A*h0.5, and Q = 3.38*A*h0.5, respectively, where Q is in m3 s-1, A is the orifice area in m2, and h is the water head differential in meters. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, Drawdown plate, Flow monitoring, NRCS, Prolonged saturation.
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Nalesso, Federico, Francesco Garzotto, Leda Cattarin, Elisabetta Bettin, Martina Cacciapuoti, Cristina Silvestre, Lucia F. Stefanelli, Lucrezia Furian e Lorenzo A. Calò. "The Future for End-Stage Kidney Disease Treatment: Implantable Bioartificial Kidney Challenge". Applied Sciences 14, n. 2 (5 gennaio 2024): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020491.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite limited organ availability and post-transplant complications, kidney transplantation remains the optimal treatment for End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). However, innovative dialysis technologies such as portable, wearable, and implantable bioartificial kidney systems are being developed with the aim of addressing these issues and improving patient care. An ideal implantable device could combine bioreactors and blood ultrafiltration to replicate key native cell functions for solute reabsorption, secretion, and endocrinologic activities. Today, the feasibility of an implantable bioreactor for renal cell therapy opens the challenge of developing a fully implantable bioartificial kidney based on silicon nanopore membranes to ensure immunological isolation, cell viability, and the possibility of maintaining a blood substrate for metabolic activities. Current technology is not sufficient to obtain an efficient artificial bioreactor to reach physiological blood purification, which requires a more complex system to produce an ultrafiltrate from the blood that can be processed by cells and eliminated as urine. The number of cells in the bioreactor, endocrine activity, immunological cell isolation, solute and fluid secretion/reabsorption, cell viability, blood and ultrafiltration flow control, and thrombogenicity are fundamental issues that require a new technology that today appears to be a challenge for the design of an implantable artificial kidney. This review aims to analyze the state of the art in this particular field of kidney replacement therapy to highlight the current limitations and possible future technology developments to create implanted and wearable organs capable of treating ESKD with artificial organs that can replicate all native kidneys functions.
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Ester, S., X. Guo e A. Delgado. "Numerical simulation of the flow field in a bioreactor". Water Science and Technology 41, n. 4-5 (1 febbraio 2000): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0446.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to give detailed information about the local flow field in a bioreactor a numerical method has been developed. This method gives information about the velocity, pressure and temperature in each point of the reactor, avoiding the problems caused by placing measurement instruments inside. Comparisons of experiments and numerical results show good agreement. The functionality and physical fundamentals of this tool are described. This is followed by explaining a reasonable application of the numerical code in the field of biological reactors. The reactors considered are filled with polydisperse, spherical support particles. From the results of the simulation a detailed picture of a reactor's fluid mechanical behaviour is drawn. This includes the quantification of mechanical stresses on the biofilm surface as well as information about the inflow, outflow and channelling behaviour of a reactor. Furthermore the effect of polydisperse support carries in discussed.
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Zaluski, M. H., D. R. Bless, L. Figueroa e H. O. Joyce. "A Modular Field-Bioreactor for Acid Rock Drainage Treatment". Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2006, n. 2 (2006): 2575. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr0602022575.
35
Zaluski, M. H., D. R. Bless, L. Figueroa e H. O. Joyce. "A Modular Field-Bioreactor for Acid Rock Drainage Treatment". Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2006, n. 2 (2006): 2575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr06022575.
36
Lorenzo, J. C., E. Ojeda, A. Espinosa e Carlos Borroto. "Field performance of temporary immersion bioreactor-derived sugarcane plants". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 37, n. 6 (novembre 2001): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-001-0133-8.
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Borshch, O. O., O. V. Borshch e M. М. Fedorchenko. "The influence of the method of manure removal and storage on the quality of organic products". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, n. 95 (11 dicembre 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9509.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this article was to compare the quality of manure in different ways of its removal and storage for environmental pollution. The research was conducted in three farms of Kyiv region with different methods of manure removal, storage and processing: using deep long-lasting straw litter (manure removal three times a year); with manure processing in a closed bioreactor-fermenter of the closed type; with manure settling in open lagoons. In all farms, the average annual livestock is 400 dairy cows. Samples for analysis of manure (processing waste) were taken the day before export to the field. The average daily air temperature during sampling was +21.3 °C. In terms of the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in 1 kg of fertilizers, the highest indicators were observed for the variant of keeping in deep litter – 7.69 g. intermediate bioreactors-fermenters observed intermediate values – 6.69 g. The highest moisture content of manure was during storage in the lagoon – by 19.71 % and 1.38 % more compared to the option on deep litter and in the bioreactor-fermenter. The lowest number of weed seeds was for storage in deep litter – 84 pcs/ml, which is 19 and 23 pcs/ml more than for processing in a bioreactor-fermenter and storage in the lagoon. The indicator of weed germination, which is very important from the point of view of future use of manure as an organic fertilizer in general, had positive indicators for all storage (processing) options. The germination rate of weeds for storage in deep litter was 5.72 %, which is 3.14 and 4.42 % less than for processing in a bioreactor-fermenter and in the lagoon. The largest emissions of N2O (nitric oxide) were in the variant of manure storage in the lagoon – 40712.45 kg, which is 39781.88 kg more than in the options of storage in deep litter and in the bioreactor-fermenter. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter of fertilizer obtained from 1 kg of manure from deep litter, exceeded similar indicators of other methods of storage due to daily application of straw.
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Krychowska, Agnieszka, Marian Kordas, Maciej Konopacki, Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz, Daniel Musik, Krzysztof Wójcik, Magdalena Jędrzejczak-Silicka e Rafał Rakoczy. "Mathematical Modeling of Hydrodynamics in Bioreactor by Means of CFD-Based Compartment Model". Processes 8, n. 10 (16 ottobre 2020): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101301.
Abstract (sommario):
This study presents the procedure of deriving a compartmental model (CM) based on an analysis obtained from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a bioreactor. The CM is composed of two parts, a structural (that takes into account the architecture of the mathematical model), and a parametric part (which contains the extrinsic parameters of the model). The CM is composed of the branches containing the set of perfectly mixed continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) in a configuration that matches the bioreactor’s flow patterns. Therefore, this work’s main objective was to develop a mathematical model that incorporated the flow field obtained by CFD technique. The proposed mathematical model was validated by means of the experimental data in the form of the residence time distribution (RTD) measurements.
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Méndez-Hernández, Hugo A., Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos, Ana O. Quintana-Escobar, Rodolfo Pech-Hoil, Ana M. Collí-Rodríguez, Itzamná Q. Salas-Peraza e Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas. "In Vitro Conversion of Coffea spp. Somatic Embryos in SETIS™ Bioreactor System". Plants 12, n. 17 (25 agosto 2023): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173055.
Abstract (sommario):
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an excellent example of mass plant propagation. Due to its genetic variability and low somaclonal variation, coffee SE has become a model for in vitro propagation of woody species, as well as for large-scale production of vigorous plants that are advantageous to modern agriculture. The success of the large-scale propagation of an embryogenic system is dependent on the development, optimization, and transfer of complementary system technologies. In this study, two successful SE systems were combined with a SETIS™ bioreactor immersion system to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach for the in vitro development of somatic embryos of Coffea spp. This study used an efficient protocol for obtaining somatic embryos, utilizing direct and indirect SE for both C. canephora and C. arabica. Embryos in the cotyledonary stage were deposited in a bioreactor to complete their stage of development from embryo to plant with minimal manipulation. Following ten weeks of cultivation in the bioreactor, complete and vigorous plants were obtained. Different parameters such as fresh weight, length, number of leaves, and root length, as well as stomatal index and relative water content, were recorded. In addition, the survival rate and ex vitro development of plantlets during acclimatization was assessed. The best substrate combination was garden soil (GS), peat moss (PM), and agrolite (A) in a 1:1:0.5 ratio, in which the bioreactor-regenerated plants showed an acclimatization rate greater than 90%. This is the first report on the use of SETIS™ bioreactors for the in vitro development of somatic embryos in Coffea spp., providing a technology that could be utilized for the commercial in vitro propagation of coffee plants. A link between research and innovation is necessary to establish means of communication that facilitate technology transfer. This protocol can serve as a basis for the generation and scaling of different species of agroeconomic importance. However, other bottlenecks in the production chains and the field must be addressed.
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Sofiyah, Siti Nur, e Achmad Ali Fikri. "UTILIZATION OF ORGANIC WASTE USING TECHNIQUES BIOREACTOR SUBMARINE IN PATI CENTRAL JAVA". RUMPHIUS Pattimura Biological Journal 3, n. 1 (25 marzo 2021): 024–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/rumphiusv3i1p024-029.
Abstract (sommario):
One of the waste that is often found is organic waste. The existence of this waste needs to be handled so that it does not pollute the environment and has more use value. Through proper processing, organic waste can be used as organic fertilizer and biogas. One of the techniques used for this processing is to use the submarine bioreactor technique. This study aims to explore the processing of organic waste in Ngemplak Kidul Margoyoso Pati Village using the submarine bioreactor technique. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach and then analyzed descriptively. The stages of processing organic waste with the submarine bioreactor technique are enumeration, then the stage of producing decomposers, the stage of producing fertilizer and the stage of producing biogas. The advantage of this submarine bioreactor technique is that if a leak occurs it can be detected and can distribute gas over long distances and is safe in its use. Even though it takes a long time and costs a lot, this bioreactor is proven to be able to produce effective fertilizer and biogas for large quantities of plants. After this research, it is hoped that it will provide an overview of waste processing using the submarine bioreactor technique and can become a reference for village governments or other institutions to implement in their area as a solution for organic waste processing.
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Ganeeva, Irina, Ekaterina Zmievskaya, Aygul Valiullina, Anna Kudriaeva, Regina Miftakhova, Alexey Rybalov e Emil Bulatov. "Recent Advances in the Development of Bioreactors for Manufacturing of Adoptive Cell Immunotherapies". Bioengineering 9, n. 12 (15 dicembre 2022): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120808.
Abstract (sommario):
Harnessing the human immune system as a foundation for therapeutic technologies capable of recognizing and killing tumor cells has been the central objective of anti-cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in improving the effectiveness and accessibility of this technology to make it widely applicable for adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and many other. Automated, scalable, cost-effective, and GMP-compliant bioreactors for production of ACTs are urgently needed. The primary efforts in the field of GMP bioreactors development are focused on closed and fully automated point-of-care (POC) systems. However, their clinical and industrial application has not yet reached full potential, as there are numerous obstacles associated with delicate balancing of the complex and often unpredictable cell biology with the need for precision and full process control. Here we provide a brief overview of the existing and most advanced systems for ACT manufacturing, including cell culture bags, G-Rex flasks, and bioreactors (rocking motion, stirred-flask, stirred-tank, hollow-fiber), as well as semi- and fully-automated closed bioreactor systems.
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Abdulmalik, M. M., I. S. Usman, A. U. Nasir e L. A. Sani. "Micropropagation of banana (Musa spp) using temporary immersion bioreactor system". Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2021): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.31.
Abstract (sommario):
Banana is an important crop in the tropics which possess the potential for commercial production in Nigeria. Large scale production requires large volume of planting materials which may be difficult to obtain using conventional methods of propagation. Temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIBs) is a cost effective method for micropropagation of plants. The present study was carried out to develop an efficient method for rapid multiplication of banana using temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIBs). Banana microshoots were regenerated from young suckers obtained from field grown plants using conventional plant tissue culture. Microshoots of 2cm length were used as explants for multiplication in temporary immersion bioreactor system. Ten (10) explants were cultured in bioreactor bottles containing Murashinge and Skoog (MS) liquid media supplemented with different concentrations of 6-bezylaminopurine (BAP) with or without 250mg/L Activated Charcoal (AC). Results showed that explants cultured in media supplemented with 2 mg/L or 1mg/L BAP without AC gave the highest shoot multiplication rate of 900% and 800%, respectively compared to hormone free media. Production of competent plants (plants ready for ex vitro establisment) were however, influenced by the presence of AC and the highest percentage of competent plants (80%) were produced when media was fortified with 1mg/L BAP+ 250mg AC. Regenerated plants were successfully established in the field and were morphologically normal and fertile.
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Louw, Tobias M., Anuradha Subramanian e Hendrik J. Viljoen. "Theoretical Evaluation of the Acoustic Field in an Ultrasonic Bioreactor". Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 41, n. 6 (giugno 2015): 1766–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.12.015.
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Galonja-Corghill, Tamara, Ljiljana Kostadinovic e Nenad Bojat. "Magnetically altered ethanol fermentation capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, n. 117 (2009): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0917119g.
Abstract (sommario):
We studied the effect of static magnetic fields on ethanol production by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST) using sugar cane molasses during the fermentation in an enclosed bioreactor. Two static NdFeB magnets were attached to a cylindrical tube reactor with their opposite poles (north to south), creating 150 mT magnetic field inside the reactor. Comparable differences emerged between the results of these two experimental conditions. We found ethanol productivity to be 15% higher in the samples exposed to 150 mT magnetic field.
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Guryanov, Dmitry Valeryevich, Viktor Dmitrievich Khmyrov e Yuliya Viktorovna Guryanova. "Aeration bioreactor-electric decontamination of droppings". Agrarian Scientific Journal, n. 4 (22 aprile 2020): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i4pp75-78.
Abstract (sommario):
The article deals with decontamination during the processing of manure into organic fertilizer by an electric field of direct current. As a result of decontamination of the litter in this way, there is a significant destruction of fungal colonies. Microscopic analysis of the quantitative composition of fungal colonies was performed. The analysis showed that the fungal colonies of Mucor and Bacillus are reduced by 43 and 20 percent, respectively. It was revealed that the method of electric disinfection and processing of manure into organic fertilizer is low-cost, effective and environmentally safe.
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Battistelli, André Aguiar, Rayra Emanuelly da Costa, Leonardo Dalri-Cecato, Tiago José Belli e Flávio Rubens Lapolli. "Effects of electrochemical processes application on the modification of mixed liquor characteristics of an electro-membrane bioreactor (e-MBR)". Water Science and Technology 78, n. 11 (24 dicembre 2018): 2364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.522.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of electrochemical processes on the mixed liquor characteristics of an electro-membrane bioreactor (e-MBR) applied to municipal wastewater treatment. A laboratory-scale e-MBR was assessed under two experimental runs: without the electric field (run I) and with electric field, controlled by the application of an electric current set in 10.0 A m−2 under intermittent exposure mode of 6 minutes ON/18 minutes OFF (run II). The electric field caused approximately 55% removal of both soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), whereas the proteins/carbohydrates ratio in EPS was increased from 1.9 in the run I to 2.9 in run II, leading to an increment of flocs' hydrophobicity. Additionally, the sludge floc size average value was reduced from 42.2 μm in run I to 24.6 μm in run II, which led to a significant enhancement in the sludge settleability. As a result, the membrane fouling rate was always less than 3.80 mbar d−1 in run II, whereas in run I these values reached up to 34.7 mbar d−1. These results demonstrated that the electrochemical processes enhanced the mixed liquor filterability. Therefore, their implementation represents a great alternative to improve the operational stability of membrane bioreactors.
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Zhang, Hai Feng, Zhong Yu Gao e Lan He Zhan. "Study of the Influence of the Electrocoagulation Unit on Activated Sludge in Membrane Bioreactor". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (maggio 2014): 1870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1870.
Abstract (sommario):
The research team studied in the effect of electrocoagulation on sludge mixture from the angles of electric field and iron ion. The results show that: Electric field and iron ions can improve the activity of microorganism and Fractal dimension, Iron ions causes the MFI reduce rather than electric fields.
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Nadi, Ayoub, Marouane Melloul, Aicha Boukhriss, Elmostafa El-Fahime, Damien Boyer, Hassan Hannache e Said Gmouh. "Immobilization of Bacillus licheniformis using Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for the development of bacterial bioreactor". Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, n. 2 (24 aprile 2019): 854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350249.
Abstract (sommario):
In the biotechnology field, nanoparticles with a strong magnetic moment can bring attractive and novel potentialities. They are detectable, manipulable, stimulable by a magnetic field and they could be applied as nano-tracers for medical imaging and nano-vectors for transporting therapeutic agents to a target. For our part, we applied Fe3O4 nanoparticles to immobilize bacteria of Moroccan strains in order to develop bacterial bioreactor. For this aim, we got through the synthesis and characterization of magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles by co-precipitation in basic medium. The obtained nanoparticles were encapsulated in silica by sol-gel process. The results of this step allowed us to use Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles to immobilize Bacillus licheniformis by adsorption and separate it magnetically. The principle of this system gives us the opportunity to develop a bacterial bioreactor for industrial applications.
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DE JESUS, E. B., L. R. P. DE ANDRADE LIMA, L. A. BERNARDEZ e P. F. ALMEIDA. "HYDRODYNAMICS IN A TWO-COMPARTMENT BIOREACTOR". Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 47, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2017.292.
Abstract (sommario):
Upflow two-compartment packingfree/packed-bed bioreactors have been used in petroleum microbiology due to their similarity with the oil field close to the injection or production wells. This two-compartment configuration gives a particular hydrodynamics to the liquid phase. In this study the hydrodynamics of a pilot reactor filled with glass beads was studied using tracer experiments. The residence time distribution was calculated and interpreted. The results for interstitial Reynolds number (ReLi <0.3) show curves with a peak at the beginning and a long tail that is distorted by the solution flow rate. A model composed of a continuous stirred tank, plug flow and cross-flow reactors was used to describe the flow patterns.
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Saha, Partha Sarathi, Sayantika Sarkar, Rajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Manikandan Ramesh e Sumita Jha. "In Vitro Propagation, Phytochemical and Neuropharmacological Profiles of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.: A Review". Plants 9, n. 4 (26 marzo 2020): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040411.
Abstract (sommario):
Bacopa monnieri has been used as a reputed drug in the Indian traditional ayurvedic system for centuries. This medicinal herb with important phytopharmaceuticals has been popularly known as “Brahmi”. In recent years, B. monnieri has been extensively studied for its bioactive constituents, constituents responsible for memory enhancing effect, and also its diverse other useful effects. It possesses many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, gastrointestinal, endocrine, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. The plant has been also used for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Due to its multipurpose therapeutic potential, micropropagation using axillary meristems and de novo organogenesis has been extensively studied in the species and is being reviewed. High frequency direct shoot organogenesis can be induced in excised leaf and internode explants in the absence of exogenous phytohormones and the rate of induction is enhanced in the presence of exogenous cytokinins, supplements, growth regulators, etc. Using explants from tissue culture raised plants, direct shoot regeneration leading to production of more than 100 rooted plants/explant within 8–12 weeks period with 85%–100% survival in the field after acclimatization can be expected following optimized protocols. Bioreactor based micropropagation was found to increase the multiplication rate of shoot cultures for the commercial propagation of B. monnieri plants. The maximum content of bacosides has been recorded in shoot biomass using an airlift bioreactor system. Further studies for the biosynthesis of bacosides and other secondary metabolites need to be conducted in the species utilizing untransformed shoot cultures in bioreactors.