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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Fibrillation cardiaque – Modèles mathématiques"
Daulat, Aliya, Jenny MacGillivray, Margaret Sidsworth e Ricky D. Turgeon. "Management of Tachycardia-Mediated Cardiomyopathy: Experience from the Vancouver General Hospital Cardiac Function Clinic (TMC-EXPLOR Study)". Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 13 settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.3368.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Fibrillation cardiaque – Modèles mathématiques"
Khaddoumi, Balkine. "Analyse et modélisation d'électrocardiogrammes dans le cas de pathologies ventriculaires". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4021.
Testo completoLe travail s’inscrit dans l’analyse des troubles du rythme cardiaque, et plus particulièrement ceux issus de disfonctionnements des ventricules. Deux problèmes ont été abordés : le premier concerne l’étude d’épisodes de Fibrillation Ventriculaire (VF) obtenus chez l’homme par des enregistrements endocavitaires. Deux hypothèses ont été proposées : signal modélisé par un fondamental et des harmoniques stables ou dépendant du temps. On montre que l’on peut mettre en évidence sur des épisodes courts (5 à 15 secondes) des fluctuations significatives du fondamental grâce à des algorithmes adaptatifs ou évolutifs. Un résultat pratique, établi pour la première fois chez l’homme, est la corrélation entre le fondamental de l’épisode de FV et la période réfractaire. Le second problème concerne des enregistrements de l’ECG à l’aide d’un système à 64 électrodes. L’idée originale est de proposer une mesure de la dispersion spatiale des formes des ondes ECG. La pertinence de la mesure est prouvée en comparant un groupie de sujets ayant eu un infarctus du myocarde avec un groupe témoin sain. Pour chaque colonne d’électrodes les différences de forme sont calculées par rapport à un signal de référence obtenue par l’algorithme : Integral Shape Averaging (ISA). On peut attribuer à cette référence une position moyenne sur le thorax permettant de définir « un chemin moyen ». Ce chemin s’avère être un invariant, indépendant du type d’onde ECG,. Ainsi que du sujet sain ou pathologique. Les retombées pratiques de ce travail se trouvent dans l’aide au diagnostic et la modélisation de l’électrophysiologie cardiaque
Nati, Poltri Simone. "Modélisation mathématique de la réponse du tissu cardiaque après ablation par champs pulsés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0322.
Testo completoCardiac arrhythmias are irregularities in the normal rhythm of the heart, caused by anomalies in the electrical activity of the myocardium. Among the many ablation strategies used to isolate these pathologies, Pulsed electric Field Ablation (PFA) has emerged as a novel non-thermal technique that takes advantage of short and high-voltage electrical pulses to kill cardiac cells, by ensuring the precise targeting of the abnormal tissue and the preservation of the tissue scaffold. The aim of this thesis is to propose a mathematical model to study the long-term effects of PFA on the cardiac tissue, in the context of two different pathologies: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) - a common atrial arrhythmia that mostly starts from pulmonary veins - and Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), a rapid and irregular heartbeat that originates from tissue heterogeneity in the ventricles. While for AF the ablated area is thin compared to the left atrium domain, for VT the ablated region is not negligible. To describe the electrical activity of the heart we start from the bidomain model - a standard parabolic degenerate semilinear model that describes the electrophysiology of the heart - and we modify it depending on the pathology of interest. In the context of AF we introduce inside the ablated area a small parameter ε - proportional to the thickness of the region - that also rescales the intra-cellular conductivity. We analyze the static version of the modified bidomain system in the semilinear context, and we perform a formal asymptotic analysis to determine the approximate transmission conditions at the interface between the ablated area and the healthy region, as ε approaches zero. The asymptotic expansion at any order is proven and numerically validated. We also propose numerical simulations (obtained using FreeFem++, a finite element library) in a dynamic context. By considering a synthetic geometry of a left atrium, we simulate the isolation of a pulmonary vein from which AF is supposed to trigger. Non-overlapping Schwarz methods are studied and adopted to numerically impose well-designed conditions at the interface. The results are compared with another technique, radio-frequency ablation (RFA), known to burn cardiac tissue through heat transfer and then to destroy the tissue scaffold. Our objective is to numerically predict the success or failure of the two ablation procedures. Then, we validate our approaches in a real heart data from sheep. Our collaborators at IHU Liryc first induced VT in different sheep by creating two cardiac scars separated by a slow conduction channel, and then performed a PFA procedure to treat the induced VT. In the context of VT, our model proposed for AF is not applicable, since the hypothesis regarding the small size of the ablated region is no longer valid. Moreover, VT is a more complex pathology to model as it is caused by tissue heterogeneity. We modify the bidomain model by introducing a parameter ε - that in this case stands for the ablation level - inside the ablated area and we use it to rescale the intra-cellular conductivity. Simulations are performed to reproduce VT in a sheep ventricle geometry thanks to a signal reentry placed nearby the channel. We also propose simulations of PFA and we compare them with RFA to numerically predict the success or failure of the two ablation procedures. The numerical results are also compared with the activation endocardium map built before the PFA intervention. To conclude, this work provides a first numerical study of the mathematical descriptions of PFA in both AF and VT context, opening perspectives towards clinical applications
Khaddoumi, Balkine. "Analyse et modèlisation de l'activité électrique du coeur dans le cas de pathologies ventriculaires". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192273.
Testo completoGerard, Antoine. "Modèles numériques personnalisés de la fibrillation auriculaire". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0120/document.
Testo completoAtrial arrhythmias are a major pathology in cardiology, and their study is alarge research topic. To study them, many mathematical models of the actionpotential propagation in atria have been developed. Most of those generic models can be used to reproduce typical activation sequences of the atria. Such models may have an experimental or even clinical interest, for example in helping the location of arrhythmic foci or in the analysis of treatment failures for these arrhythmias. Nevertheless, to achieve this goal, it isnecessary to be able to adjust the model at best, based on experimental orclinical data. Data assimilation, a mathematical discipline in which we seek to optimally combine theory and observations, is then a good candidate for the customization of action potential propagation models.In this thesis, we propose to study different data assimilation methods-- sequential and variational -- in order to adjust action potential propagation model on electroanatomical data. More precisely, we are interested in two possible applications of data assimilation: state estimation and parameter estimation.First, we study a state observer which is able to correct the simulatedpropagation front localization based on the observed front localization. Thisobserver is then used to complete an activation map obtained during a clinical procedure.Then, this observer is combined with a reduced order Kalman filterin order to estimate the conductivity parameters of the action potentialpropagation model. A study of the joint state-parameter estimationstrategy is then realized to see how the method behaves faced with modelingerrors. The method is then tested on a clinically acquired dataset.Then, we look at variational data assimilation methods that allow the estimation of spatially distributed parameters. Several minimization problems, allowing to estimate a conductivity parameter distributed in space, are then introduced and analyzed. We then show that the discretization of these minimization problems, in order to obtain numerical methods of resolution, can be complex. A numerical method is then implemented for one of the studied minimization problems, and three 1D test cases are analyzed.Finally, we demonstrate the existence of a minimum for one of the studiedobjective function based on functional analysis results from theliterature
Kourdourli-Cherif, Ouafiya. "Arythmies auriculaires et ventriculaires du rat : rôle du système nerveux autonome, rôle de la pathologie". Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T019.
Testo completoRoux, Sébastien. "Modèles dynamiques en tomographie - Application à l'imagerie cardiaque". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007803.
Testo completoLe, Quang Khai. "Troubles du rythme cardiaque dans les modèles murins transgéniques". Thèse, Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=77640043-d85a-4ffa-b817-17b1b0c76068.
Testo completoCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world each year. If no action is taken to improve cardiovascular health and current trends continue, WHO estimates that 25% more healthy life years will be lost to cardiovascular disease globally by 2020. Cardiac hypertrophy is the consequence of an excessive workload of the heart muscle leading to cardiac remodeling process. As the workload increases, the ventricular walls grow thicker, lose elasticity and eventually may fail to pump with as much force as a healthy heart. Furthermore, hypertrophied myocardium is not physiologically normal and may confer a predisposition to potentially fatal arrhythmias. Generally, the causal mechanism is ventricular fibrillation, a cardiac rhythm disorder which is irreversible but the pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and poorly understood. The functional consequences of mutations or ionic remodeling are relatively simple to study in vitro, but their role in the pathophysiology of arrhythmias in vivo is more difficult to grasp. Among the different animal models developed in cardiac arrhythmias research, the mouse is increasingly used because of our ability to mutate, knock-out or over-express genes of interest. The objective of my thesis was to study the role of ion channels in physiology as well as cardiac pathophysiology, particularly in the involvement of the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in vivo. This thesis will improve our understanding of the role of genetic abnormalities involving ionic remodeling in the pathogenesis of the heart and may also open new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of cardiac remodeling as well as sudden cardiac death
Le, Quang Khai. "Troubles du rythme cardiaque dans les modèles murins transgéniques". Thèse, Nantes, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4903.
Testo completoCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world each year. If no action is taken to improve cardiovascular health and current trends continue, WHO estimates that 25% more healthy life years will be lost to cardiovascular disease globally by 2020. Cardiac hypertrophy is the consequence of an excessive workload of the heart muscle leading to cardiac remodeling process. As the workload increases, the ventricular walls grow thicker, lose elasticity and eventually may fail to pump with as much force as a healthy heart. Furthermore, hypertrophied myocardium is not physiologically normal and may confer a predisposition to potentially fatal arrhythmias. Generally, the causal mechanism is ventricular fibrillation, a cardiac rhythm disorder which is irreversible but the pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and poorly understood. The functional consequences of mutations or ionic remodeling are relatively simple to study in vitro, but their role in the pathophysiology of arrhythmias in vivo is more difficult to grasp. Among the different animal models developed in cardiac arrhythmias research, the mouse is increasingly used because of our ability to mutate, knock-out or over-express genes of interest. The objective of my thesis was to study the role of ion channels in physiology as well as cardiac pathophysiology, particularly in the involvement of the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in vivo. This thesis will improve our understanding of the role of genetic abnormalities involving ionic remodeling in the pathogenesis of the heart and may also open new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of cardiac remodeling as well as sudden cardiac death.
Thèse en cotutelle avec Université de Nantes - Pays de La Loire - France (2005-2010)
Marchesseau, Stéphanie. "Simulation de modèles personnalisés du coeur pour la prédiction de thérapies cardiaques". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00820082.
Testo completoMoreau-Villéger, Valérie. "Méthodes variationnelles et séquentielles pour l'étude de la contraction cardiaque". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634169.
Testo completo