Tesi sul tema "Féveroles"
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Sharan, Siddharth. "Compréhension des mécanismes à l'origine des propriétés fonctionnelles et de la flaveur d’ingrédients riches en protéines issus de féveroles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB061.
Testo completoThe growing population is demanding new healthy, sustainable solutions for foods and beverages. Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) is a promising plant source that can provide nutritional and functional ingredients for different food applications. Fava bean is processed to form ingredients and they can be further modified to render them fit for food applications. This PhD work aimed to understand the role of processing conditions on functional and flavor properties, and apply this understanding to produce and use fava bean protein-rich ingredients. It investigated the effects of certain industrially relevant process conditions using a cross-dimensional approach to find the right kind of compromise between different ingredients properties. To be precise, a very gently processed fava bean protein rich concentrate was industrially procured, which was then modified by process conditions such as pH (2, 4, 6.4 and 11), temperature (55, 75 and 95 °C) and treatment duration (30 and 360 min) to produce 36 different ingredients. These were further utilized at two pH (4 and 7) in systems close to beverage applications. During ingredient utilization, beverage functionalities (foam and emulsion) along with odor perception and non-volatile compounds were investigated for all ingredients as a function of process conditions.Results showed that process conditions were able to drive functional and flavor properties of the fava bean concentrate, strengthened by different statistical models. Foam and emulsion properties were predominantly governed by the pH during ingredient utilization. In general, utilization pH around the isoelectric point of fava proteins (pH 4) was not suitable for foam stability, emulsion capacity nor emulsion stability. Strong correlations between functional and physico-chemical properties were identified and explained by protein properties. In addition, flavor was heavily driven by the modification and utilization conditions, especially the pH.From gentler to vigorous process conditions, perception can be modified from more green to more cooked flavors, whereas different conditions of application (e.g. pH) can modulate between “sweet” and rancid perceptions. Considering volatiles composition, aldehyde signals were primarily detected in ingredient suspensions head-space. But furanoids, terpenoids, alcohols and ketones signals had the next higher contribution for modifications at pH2, 4, 6.4 and 11 respectively. Lipid oxidation was deemed important in generating volatiles, along with other reactions including proteins, sugars and carotenoids degradation. Going deeper into understanding of physico-chemical and sensory properties, determinants of antioxidant potential, taste (bitterness and astringency), color and even anti-nutritional effects were also investigated. Phenolic compounds (flavan-3-ols, flavones, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids) and saponins were significantly impacted by process conditions during ingredient modification, especially by pH. For phenolic compounds, acidic and alkaline conditions (pH 2, 4 and 11) were highly distinct compared to the non-pH adjusted process (pH 6.4) in changing the phenolic and saponin profiles of the ingredients. When looked closely at non-pH adjusted processes, their variability due to increasing degree of processing seemed to be either a function of their variable extractability and/ or their reactions involving their structural rearrangement.Thus, process conditions played an important role in fava bean ingredient properties, and this work opens up new arena for inter-disciplinary study based on nutritional (anti-oxidant and anti-nutritional aspects), sustainability (life cycle assessment), functionality (gelation) and sensory (texture, sweetness, bitterness) considerations of fava bean as potential ingredients for industrial food applications
Kaysi, Yahia. "Méthodes d'évaluation de deux traitements de mise en forme des aliments des animaux : cuisson-extrusion et agglomération. Application à la graine de féverole décortiquée". Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT2027.
Testo completoBerchiche, Mokrane. "Valorisation des protéines de la féverole par le lapin en croissance". Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT009A.
Testo completoAmat, Tiffany. "Interplay between pulse proteins, phytic acid and calcium : impact on their aggregation state and solubility". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK048.
Testo completoThis PhD project focused on improving knowledge about the interactions that may exist between faba bean and pea proteins, calcium ions and phytates (PA) in order to develop strategies aimed at improving properties of ingredients. PA is a polyphosphate compound, which can bind to interesting molecules such as proteins and Ca. Consequently, PA can play a major role in colloidal stability of protein systems while modulating the formation of complexes. Various levels of complexity were investigated from commercial concentrate and isolate ingredients to laboratory-scale protein fractions (total globulins, 7S vicilins, 11S legumins and 2S albumins). The impacts of thermal denaturation were also studied. The results evidenced that molecular interactions are influenced by the environmental medium including pH, and molar concentrations but also depended on ingredient and fraction types. Insoluble binary (Ca-Proteins and/or PA-Ca) and ternary complexes (PA-Ca-Proteins) were evidenced for pH ≤ 7.0 in concentrate dispersions. Around neutral pH, proteins were involved in soluble binary complexes with PA and Ca. Even small amounts of soluble ternary complexes were identified at pH 7.5. Alongside, highly denatured protein structures of commercial isolate ingredients resulted in low solubility. Calcium binding capacities of laboratory scale protein systems were shown to be mainly driven by phytic acid. Significantly higher PA content in 7S vicilin dispersions led to better calcium chelation properties vs 11S legumin ones (lower in PA). Thermal aggregation resulted in modified complexes in terms of types and sizes. Consequently, depending on added calcium ions, phytic acid contents and pH conditions, it seems possible to monitor the colloidal stability of protein systems. These new findings provided interesting data about adequate ingredients and/or environmental conditions to be preferentially used to master formulation, taste and stability of pulse-based foods
Brun, Nathalie. "Les tannins de la féverole (Vicia faba L. , Leguminosae) : diversité chimique et variétale". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10158.
Testo completoDomergue, Odile. "Diversité fonctionnelle des rhizobia associés à la féverole en agro-écosystème Sud de France". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP067/document.
Testo completoThe ability of rhizobium-legume symbiosis to fix atmospheric nitrogen can provide important services to agro-ecosystems. However, associated with biotic constraints (i) missing and/or (ii) phosphorus (P) deficiency, can limit symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate), the main soil organic P (Po) component, represents a potential source of soil P available for plant P bio-availability, connected with microbial phytate-mineralizing activities. In order to look for rhizobium-Vicia faba, in P use efficiency (PUE) for SNF ability, nodular diagnosis was performed from a multi-location survey in an agro-ecosystem in South France. The efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) was deduced from V. faba nodule and shoot dry weight values at flowering state, and compared in intra- and inter agricultural fields and in greenhouse hydroaeroponic conditions. Among 59 V. faba isolates, 26 were able to mineralize phytate (Phy+) in solid medium and six of them confirmed phytase activity in liquid culture. Looking for local rhizobiums with PUE for SNF ability, led us to a forward step in molecular marker selection for Phy+ rhizobium isolate screening. KeywordsRhizobium, diversity, phytase, faba-bean, Vicia faba, nodulation, South-France, agro-ecosystem
Lefebvre, Aleth. "Approche biochimique et cytologique de la stérilité mâle nucléocytoplasmique chez la féverole (Vicia faba L. )". Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS062.
Testo completoAl, Mohammad Hussein. "Incidences agronomiques et physiologiques de la variation quantitative d'apports de bore chez la féverole (Vicia faba L. )". Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN1A006.
Testo completoN'Dzondzi-Bokouango, Gabriel. "Étude de l'influence de la germination sur la composition physicochimique et la valeur nutritionnelle des graines de féverole". Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10304.
Testo completoHellemans-Moussel, Colette. "Contribution à la connaissance de la stérilité mâle nucléo-cytoplasmique chez la féverole (Vicia faba L. ) : étude structurale, infrastructurale et cytochimique". Reims, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REIMS001.
Testo completoBenchaar, Chaouki. "Effets de la cuisson-extrusion des graines protéagineuses (lupin et féverole) sur l'utilisation digestive des matières azotées chez le ruminant : bilans nutritionnels chez la vache laitière". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT003A.
Testo completoCros, Paul. "Effets de la cuisson-extrusion sur la digestion des protéines des graines de soja, de lupin et de féverole : étude in situ chez la vache laitière". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT020A.
Testo completoDafalla, Elgasim Abdalla. "Contribution à l'étude des jaunisses à mycoplasmes au Soudan : inventaire partiel dans la région centrale : étude de la phyllodie de la fèverole : premiers essais de caractérisation sérologique des agents pathogènes". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112309.
Testo completoPrado, Vasconcelos Claudete. "Contribution à l'étude de la nutrition azotée du pois et de la féverole dans divers systèmes de culture : simulation de la croissance et de la fixation symbiotique". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT002A.
Testo completoMendowski, Solveig. "Utilisation digestive des graines protéagineuses traitées, et leur valorisation par les vaches laitières". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC085.
Testo completoImportation of soybean meal from America, which are most often GMO and cause of significant deforestation, is nowadays increasingly questioned in animal feeding. For dairy cows, alternatives such as French produced proteaginous seeds (faba bean, lupin, pea) are investigated, because of their interesting protein content. However, when distributed raw to animals, their proteins are very degradable in the rumen, which penalizes their nitrogen value for ruminants. One possibility is to apply heat treatments to these seeds to protect their proteins from too high degradability in the rumen.The objective of this thesis, conducted as part of the PROLEVAL project, was to test combinations of "raw material × technological treatment" to optimize the degradation of proteaginous seeds’ proteins in the rumen, without altering their digestibility in the intestine. Following in vitro and in situ experiments, diets containing faba bean and lupin distributed raw or extruded under different conditions were tested in two in vivo experiments on dairy cows. Diets were iso-crude protein and non-limiting methionine. The first experiment compared soybean meal with faba bean or lupin, distributed raw, extruded at 140°C and extruded at 160°C. The different results showed that soybean meal could be replaced by faba bean or lupin without significantly altering the dairy performance of cows. On one hand, at 140°C, Maillard reactions led to protection of proteins from ruminal degradability compared with raw seeds, without altering the absorption of amino acids in the small intestine, leading to better milk production with faba bean. On the other hand, at 160°C, these reactions seemed to overprotect the proteins, which were less absorbed in the intestine. In the 2nd experiment, faba bean was distributed raw, extruded at 140°C in the same way as in the 1st experiment, and extruded at 140°C after a specific maturation, which aimed at improving the complexation of proteins with exogenous sugars (maturation with reducing sugars) or endogenous (released during maturation with an enzymatic cocktail). The different results confirmed that extrusion at 140°C of faba bean protects proteins from ruminal degradation. On one hand, addition of reducing sugars led to overprotection of the proteins, whose amino acids were less absorbed in the small intestine. On the other hand, addition of the enzymatic cocktail led to a level of absorption of amino acids in the small intestine similar to the one obtained with faba bean extruded at 140°C without specific maturation conditions.In addition to these experiments, a quantitative bibliographic synthesis was carried out on the use of proteaginous seeds, raw and heat-treated, in dairy cows diets. The results confirm those obtained in situ and in vivo in the context of this thesis: heat treatments protect proteins from degradation in the rumen, but the benefits of this protection on the zootechnical performance of animals require good control of the applied treatment.In conclusion, proteaginous seeds can replace soybean meal in dairy cows diets, when subjected to the appropriate heat treatment
Bedoussac, Laurent. "Analyse du fonctionnement des performances des associations blé dur-pois d'hiver et blé dur-féverole d'hiver pour la conception d'itinéraires techniques adaptés à différents objectifs de production en systèmes bas-intrants". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7855/1/bedoussac.pdf.
Testo completoDulieu, Philippe. "Les particules cytoplasmiques associées à la stérilité mâle nucléo-cytoplasmique "447" de la féverole (Vicia faba L. ) : méthode de purification et mise au point d'un test immunoenzymatique de détection dans les plantes". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10010.
Testo completoAbbes, Zouhaier. "Estimation de la sensibilité et de la tolérance de différents génotypes de féverole (Vicia faba L. ) à la plante parasite Orobanche foetida Poiret : Impact du génotype hôte sur les particularités physiologiques et métaboliques du parasite". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2076.
Testo completoThis work aim to evaluate some sensitivity and tolerance degrees of various faba bean genotypes to O. Foetida, to characterize mechanisms involved in resistance and finally to estimate the impact of the host genotype on the parasite sink strength which controls parasite development following attachment to the host roots. Cultures were performed under field, pot and in vitro conditions. The genotype Bachaar was used as the control of high sensitivity. Among the five tested genotypes, XBJ90. 03-16-1-1-1 was the less sensitive and the most productive under infestation in both field and pot assays. The root exudates of this genotype displayed low stimulatory activity for orobanche seed germination. Consequently, few tubercles developed on roots. The infection process of all these genotypes was followed in vitro. In comparison to Bachaar, the genotypes known as moderately resistant genotypes under field conditions limited growth of orobanche tubercles under in vitro conditions, especially the genotype XBJ90. 03-16-1-1-1. Growth of the parasite should be mediated by soluble invertase activities and restricted following attachment to XBJ90. 03-16-1-1-1 roots by the low osmotic potential of the infected roots in addition to the organic nitrogen deficiency of the host phloem sap. On the other hand, the faba bean genotype did not influence the osmoregulation process of O. Foetida. Potassium was by far the major osmotically active compound in orobanche. Among the organic solutes, hexoses were accumulated highly in the growing stems. In contrast, tubercles displayed higher contents in starch and free amino acids, mainly in asparagine and aspartate. In parallel, asparagine/aspartate, glutamine/glutamate, alanine, serine and gamma amino butyric acid were identified as the main nitrogen compounds in the host phloem exudates. The key role of the enzymes asparagine synthetase and aspartate oxaloglutarate aminotransferase in the utilization of these host-derived amino acids is proposed in O. Foetida parasitizing faba bean