Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Feces traits"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Feces traits":
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Liao, Fengxiang, Jiahao Wan, Lu Leng e Cheonshik Kim. "E-Health Self-Help Diagnosis from Feces Images in Real Scenes". Electronics 12, n. 2 (9 gennaio 2023): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020344.
Abstract (sommario):
Deep learning models and computer vision are commonly integrated for e-health self-help diagnosis. The abnormal colors and traits of feces can reveal the risks of cancer and digestive diseases. As such, this paper develops a self-help diagnostic system to conveniently analyze users’ health conditions from feces images at home, which can reduce dependence on professional skills and examinations equipment. Unfortunately, real scenes at home suffer from several severe challenges, including the lack of labeled data, complex backgrounds, varying illumination, etc. A semi-supervised learning strategy is employed to solve the scarcity of labeled data and reduce the burden of manual labeling. The unlabeled data are classified by an initial model that is pretrained on a small number of training data. Then, the labels with high confidence are allocated to the unlabeled samples in order to extend the training data accordingly. With regard to the small feces areas in certain samples, an adaptive upsampling method is proposed to enlarge the suitable local area according to the proportion of the foreground. Synthesized feces images in real scenes are tested to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. In terms of accuracy, our proposed model can achieve 100% and 99.2% on color and trait recognition in medical scenes, respectively, and 99.1% and 100% on color and trait recognition in real scenes, respectively. The related datasets and codes will be released on Github.
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Morgan, Laura R., Karen J. Marsh, Douglas R. Tolleson e Kara N. Youngentob. "The Application of NIRS to Determine Animal Physiological Traits for Wildlife Management and Conservation". Remote Sensing 13, n. 18 (16 settembre 2021): 3699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183699.
Abstract (sommario):
The ability to measure and monitor wildlife populations is important for species management and conservation. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to rapidly detect physiological traits from wildlife scat and other body materials could play an important role in the conservation of species. Previous research has demonstrated the potential for NIRS to detect diseases such as the novel COVID-19 from saliva, parasites from feces, and numerous other traits from animal skin, hair, and scat, such as cortisol metabolites, diet quality, sex, and reproductive status, that may be useful for population monitoring. Models developed from NIRS data use light reflected from a sample to relate the variation in the sample’s spectra to variation in a trait, which can then be used to predict that trait in unknown samples based on their spectra. The modelling process involves calibration, validation, and evaluation. Data sampling, pre-treatments, and the selection of training and testing datasets can impact model performance. We review the use of NIRS for measuring physiological traits in animals that may be useful for wildlife management and conservation and suggest future research to advance the application of NIRS for this purpose.
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Rodrigues, Francelino Neiva, José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento, Tânia Maria Leal, Adriana Mello de Araújo e Luiz Antonio Silva Figueiredo Filho. "Genetic parameters for worm resistance in Santa Inês sheep using the Bayesian animal model". Animal Bioscience 34, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2021): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0634.
Abstract (sommario):
Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for worm resistance (WR) and associated characteristics, using the linear-threshold animal model via Bayesian inference in single- and multiple-trait analyses.Methods: Data were collected from a herd of Santa Inês breed sheep. All information was collected with animals submitted to natural contamination conditions. All data (number of eggs per gram of feces [FEC], Famacha score [FS], body condition score [BCS], and hematocrit [HCT]) were collected on the same day. The animals were weighed individually on the day after collection (after 12-h fasting). The WR trait was defined by the multivariate cluster analysis, using the FEC, HCT, BCS, and FS of material collected from naturally infected sheep of the Santa Inês breed. The variance components and genetic parameters for the WR, FEC, HCT, BCS, and FS traits were estimated using the Bayesian inference under the linear and threshold animal model.Results: A low magnitude was obtained for repeatability of worm-related traits. The mean values estimated for heritability were of low-to-high (0.05 to 0.88) magnitude. The FEC, HCT, BCS, FS, and body weight traits showed higher heritability (although low magnitude) in the multiple-trait model due to increased information about traits. All WR characters showed a significant genetic correlation, and heritability estimates ranged from low (0.44; single-trait model) to high (0.88; multiple-trait model).Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that FS be included as a criterion of ovine genetic selection for endoparasite resistance using the trait defined by multivariate cluster analysis, as it will provide greater genetic gains when compared to any single trait. In addition, its measurement is easy and inexpensive, exhibiting greater heritability and repeatability and a high genetic correlation with the trait of resistance to worms.
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Alsubait, Ibrahim S., Ibrahim A. Alhidary e Ahmed A. Al-Haidary. "Effects of Different Levels of Yucca Supplementation on Growth Rates, Metabolic Profiles, Fecal Odor Emissions, and Carcass Traits of Growing Lambs". Animals 13, n. 4 (19 febbraio 2023): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040755.
Abstract (sommario):
Sixty male Awassi lambs were used to investigate the effects of dietary Yucca schidgera extract (YS) on the production, fecal and urinary odor emissions, and carcass traits of growing lambs fed complete pellets. Lambs were fed either a complete pelleted diet without yucca (control) or supplemented with 300 or 600 mg YS/kg dry matter (DM) during the 84-day experiment. The weights and feed consumption of the lambs were measured weekly. Blood samples were taken on days 1, 28, 58, and 84, and ruminal fluid samples were collected on day 70. On day 90, the odor emissions from feces and urine were measured. On day 84, 12 lambs were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass and meat quality. The final values for bodyweight, bodyweight gain, and feed efficiency of lambs fed the YS300 diet were 3.40%, 6.64%, and 6.17%, respectively, higher (p < 0.05) than those fed the YS600 diet. Additionally, the percentage of dressing, myofibril fragmentation index, and ruminal isovalerate percentage of lambs treated with YS600 were higher than those treated with YS300. Compared with the control, the addition of yucca reduced odor emissions from feces and urine. In conclusion, dietary YS300 had no additional benefits on growth rate, feed efficiency, and carcass traits, while dietary YS600 improved fecal and urinary odors.
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F. Z. Al-Dulaimy, Ahmed, e Mazin M. O. Alrawi. "Effect of pigeon, cattle feces and bread yeast on some growth traits of Pomegranate trees". ANBAR JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 12, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2014): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2014.98287.
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Stanton, Thaddeus B., Jennifer S. McDowall e Mark A. Rasmussen. "Diverse Tetracycline Resistance Genotypes of Megasphaera elsdenii Strains Selectively Cultured from Swine Feces". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, n. 6 (giugno 2004): 3754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.6.3754-3757.2004.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT A total of 30 Megasphaera elsdenii strains, selectively isolated from the feces of organically raised swine by using Me109 M medium, and one bovine strain were analyzed for tetracycline resistance genotypic and phenotypic traits. Tetracycline-resistant strains carried tet(O), tet(W), or a tet gene mosaic of tet(O) and tet(W). M. elsdenii strains carrying tet(OWO) genes exhibited the highest tetracycline MICs (128 to >256 μg/ml), suggesting that tet(O)-tet(W) mosaic genes provide the selective advantage of greater tetracycline resistance for this species. Seven tet genotypes are now known for M. elsdenii, an archetype commensal anaerobe and model for tet gene evolution in the mammalian intestinal tract.
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Panyaboriban, S., N. Songsasen, R. P. Singh, L. Padilla, J. Brown, D. Reed, M. Techakumphu e B. Pukazhenthi. "120 IMPACT OF SEASON ON SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION IN THE TUFTED DEER (ELAPHODUS CEPHALOPHUS)". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, n. 2 (2016): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab120.
Abstract (sommario):
The Tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), a small deer species native to China, is listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List and >70 animals are managed in North American zoos as a hedge against extinction. In this study, we 1) characterized the seminal traits, 2) assessed the impact of season on ejaculate traits and testosterone level, and 3) examined sperm sensitivity to cryopreservation. Semen (24 ejaculates) were obtained from five males (1–2 ejaculates/male per season) by electro-ejaculation and evaluated for volume, osmolality, pH as well as sperm concentration, motility (%M), forward progression (FP, scale = 0–5) and acrosomal integrity (%AI). Ejaculates were divided into two aliquots and cryopreserved (4% vol/vol glycerol final concentration; 50–200 × 106 sperm mL–1) over liquid nitrogen vapor using Beltsville extender (BF5F; Howard et al. 1986) or Triladyl® (TRIL; Minitüb GmbH, Germany) extender. Sperm motility and %AI were assessed immediately (subjective) upon thawing and following swim-up processing (SU; 30 min) using computer-assisted semen analysis after 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of incubation (37°C). Fecal samples were collected 3–5 times weekly for 2 years and analyzed for testosterone (T) metabolites using enzyme immunoassay as a function of season (autumn, September–November; winter, December–February; spring, March–May; and summer, June–August). Data were analyzed using Proc GLM or ANOVA with Tukey multiple mean comparison. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Male reproductive and semen traits peaked in autumn (volume, 2.0 mL; concentration, 207.6 × 106 mL–1; pH, 7.6; osmolality, 310.8 mOsm; %M, 76%; FP, 3.5; and %AI, 82.3). Mean testicular length and neck girth in autumn were 4.9 and 43.2 cm, respectively. Mean T concentration (~1.23 µg g–1 of dry feces) was higher (P < 0.05) in summer compared with winter (1.07 µg g–1 of dry feces) or spring (1.06 µg g–1 of dry feces). Sperm motility and %AI were lower (P < 0.05) immediately after thawing (BF5F, 34.6 and 34.7%, respectively; and TRIL, 23.1 and 29.1%, respectively) compared with fresh semen (76.9 and 74.6%, respectively). Motility characteristics immediately after SU (computer-assisted semen analysis) were higher (P < 0.05) in BF5F compared with TRIL: %M (56.4 v. 44.9%), progressive motility (42.5 v. 21.9%), %AI (41.2 v. 31.3%), straight-line velocity (68.0 v. 53.2 µm s–1), straightness (85.1 v. 75.1%), and linearity (54.3 v. 45.0%). At the end of 4 h of incubation, sperm %M and FP declined (P > 0.05) in both BF5F and TRIL (47 and 30%, respectively) but the %AI was higher (P < 0.05) in BF5F (32%) than TRIL (21%). Results indicate that tufted deer ejaculates exhibit seasonal variations in reproductive traits and cryopreservation in BF5F better preserves sperm motility and acrosomal membrane integrity compared with TRIL.
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NandaKafle, Gitanjali, Taylor Huegen, Sarah C. Potgieter, Emma Steenkamp, Stephanus N. Venter e Volker S. Brözel. "Niche Preference of Escherichia coli in a Peri-Urban Pond Ecosystem". Life 11, n. 10 (28 settembre 2021): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101020.
Abstract (sommario):
Escherichia coli comprises diverse strains with a large accessory genome, indicating functional diversity and the ability to adapt to a range of niches. Specific strains would display greatest fitness in niches matching their combination of phenotypic traits. Given this hypothesis, we sought to determine whether E. coli in a peri-urban pond and associated cattle pasture display niche preference. Samples were collected from water, sediment, aquatic plants, water snails associated with the pond, as well as bovine feces from cattle in an adjacent pasture. Isolates (120) were obtained after plating on Membrane Lactose Glucuronide Agar (MLGA). We used the uidA and mutS sequences for all isolates to determine phylogeny by maximum likelihood, and population structure through gene flow analysis. PCR was used to allocate isolates to phylogroups and to determine the presence of pathogenicity/virulence genes (stxI, stxII, eaeA, hlyA, ST, and LT). Antimicrobial resistance was determined using a disk diffusion assay for Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem, Ceftriaxone, and Azithromycin. Our results showed that isolates from water, sediment, and water plants were similar by phylogroup distribution, virulence gene distribution, and antibiotic resistance while both snail and feces populations were significantly different. Few of the feces isolates were significantly similar to aquatic ones, and most of the snail isolates were also different. Population structure analysis indicated three genetic backgrounds associated with bovine, snail, and aquatic environments. Collectively these data support niche preference of E. coli isolates occurring in this ecosystem.
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Lomholt, Jeanet A., Knud Poulsen e Mogens Kilian. "Epidemic Population Structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Evidence for a Clone That Is Pathogenic to the Eye and That Has a Distinct Combination of Virulence Factors". Infection and Immunity 69, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2001): 6284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6284-6295.2001.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The genetic structure of a population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from patients with keratitis, endophthalmitis, and contact lens-associated red eye, contact lens storage cases, urine, ear, blood, lungs, wounds, feces, and the environment was determined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. The presence and characteristics of virulence factors were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with DNA probes for lasA, lasB,aprA, exoS, exoT,exoU, and ctx and by zymography of staphylolysin, elastase, and alkaline protease. These analyses revealed an epidemic population structure of P. aeruginosa, characterized by frequent recombination in which a particular successful clone may increase, predominate for a time, and then disasappear as a result of recombination. Epidemic clones were found among isolates from patients with keratitis. They were characterized by high activity of a hitherto-unrecognized size variant of elastase, high alkaline protease activity, and possession of the exoUgene encoding the cytotoxic exoenzyme U. These virulence determinants are not exclusive traits in strains causing keratitis, as strains with other properties may cause keratitis in the presence of predisposing conditions. There were no uniform patterns of characteristics of isolates from other types of infection; however, all strains from urinary tract infections possessed the exoS gene, all strains from environment and feces and the major part of keratitis and wound isolates exhibited high elastase and alkaline protease activity, and all strains from feces showed high staphylolysin activity, indicating that these virulence factors may be important in the pathogenesis of these infectious diseases.
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Yu, Yu-Hsiang, Ting-Yu Hsu, Wei-Jung Chen, Yi-Bing Horng e Yeong-Hsiang Cheng. "The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products and Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome on Litter Performance Traits, Milk Composition, and Fecal Microbiota in Sows". Animals 10, n. 11 (5 novembre 2020): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112044.
Abstract (sommario):
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) and postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) on litter performance traits, milk composition, and fecal microbiota in sows in a commercial farrow to finish pig farm. Fifty multiparous cross-bred pregnant sows were randomly assigned to two groups in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet (pregnancy and nursery diet) as control and basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg of BLFP. Sows with PDS in the two groups were further verified 12 h post-partum. Results show that the piglet body weight at weaning was increased in sows fed the BLFP compared to those fed the control diet. The milk fat content of prepartum sows was reduced in sows fed the BLFP. Postpartum sows with PDS had increased milk solid content compared with healthy sows. Microbial composition and species relative abundance analysis indicated distinct bacterial clusters between the groups. The abundance of the family Prevotellaceae in the feces decreased in sows with PDS. BLFP increased the average abundance of the genus (Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes group in feces of sows. These findings demonstrate that BLFP in the diet of sows can improve the piglet body weight at weaning and modulate the fecal microbiota of sows. PDS also has an impact on milk composition and fecal microbiota in sows.
Tesi sul tema "Feces traits":
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Colombini, Gabin. "Étude multi-échelle des interactions saprophages-matières organiques et de leurs implications dans le fonctionnement des humipedons de Technosols : approche fondamentale vers l’ingénierie écologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0277.
Abstract (sommario):
Dans un contexte de dégradation des sols suite aux activités anthropiques et d’érosion de la biodiversité, la compréhension du rôle de la faune édaphique dans le fonctionnement des humipedons est d’intérêt croissant. Le développement de stratégies de réhabilitation des sols anthropisés basées sur les concepts de l’ingénierie écologique pourrait notamment s’appuyer sur les actions de transformation des matières organiques que réalisent les organismes saprophages. L’objectif de cette thèse était (i) de caractériser les fonctions écologiques réalisées par les organismes saprophages à travers la production de biostructures sur des sols fortement anthropisés et (ii) d’évaluer leur potentialité de réhabilitation des Technosols de friches industrielles. Pour cela, une démarche intégrative, basée sur le changement d’échelle spatiale, a été menée sur une friche industrielle d’intérêt. Dans un premier temps, il a été mis en évidence que les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des substrats de Technosols peuvent représenter un filtre abiotique pour la colonisation de la faune édaphique, qui se traduit notamment par l’absence de lombricidés anéciques et endogés dans les Technosols. Dans un deuxième temps, à l’échelle de l’humipedon, les résultats ont permis de montrer que la dynamique des matières organiques néoformées par la végétation dépend également de la nature du substrat utilisé lors de la réhabilitation de la friche. En effet, sous l’action des saprophages épigés, une série d’horizons ectorganiques, similaire à celle d’un Moder, s’est développée sur l’horizon technogénique des Technosols. Le terme de « Techno-moder » a ainsi été proposé pour décrire cette nouvelle forme d’humus. Les spécificités chimiques et ultrastructurales de l’horizon zOH du Techno-moder, constitué de biostructures produites par les saprophages, ont également confirmé cette proposition de classification. Pour finir, l’étude en conditions contrôlées des déjections produites par l’isopode saprophage Porcellio scaber a permis de mettre en évidence que les traits physico-chimiques des déjections dépendent du substrat composant le Technosol et de la matière organique apportée. En accord avec ce qui avait été conclu à l’échelle de l’humipedon, il semble donc que les traits des déjections produites par les saprophages épigés soient une caractéristique intrinsèque de l’écosystème, qui résulte des facteurs environnementaux caractérisant l’humipedon des Technosols. Le développement de stratégie de réhabilitation des Technosols par inoculation couplée de saprophages et de matières organiques pourrait ainsi améliorer certaines caractéristiques physico-chimiques des humipedons de Technosols tout en imposant la prise en compte des interactions spécifiques des organismes avec le substratIn a context of soil degradation and erosion of biodiversity resulting from anthropogenic activities, understanding the role of edaphic fauna in the functioning of humipedons is of growing interest. The development of reclamation strategies on anthropized soils, based on the concepts of ecological engineering, could be based on the actions of transformation of organic matter carried out by saprophagous organisms. The objective of this thesis was (i) to characterize the ecological functions performed by saprophagous organisms through the production of biostructures on anthropized soils and (ii) to assess their potential for the reclamation of brownfields Technosols. To do so, an integrative approach, based on the changes of spatial scale, was carried out on an industrial brownfield of interest. First, it was demonstrated that Technosols physicochemical characteristics can represent an abiotic filter limiting the colonization of edaphic fauna, especially highlighted by the absence of anecic and endogeic earthworms in Technosols. Secondly, at the scale of the humipedon, the results showed that the dynamics of organic matter formed by vegetation also depends on the nature of the substrate used during the rehabilitation of the brownfield. Indeed, under the action of epigeic saprophagous arthropods, a series of ectorganic horizons, similar to the ones of a Moder, developed on the technogenic horizon of Technosols. The term "Techno-moder" has thus been proposed to describe this new humus form. The chemical and ultrastructural features of the Techno-moder zOH horizon, made up of biostructures produced by saprophagous, also confirmed this classification proposal. Finally, feces produced by the saprophagous isopod Porcellio scaber, studied under controlled conditions, allowed to demonstrate that their physicochemical characteristics depend on the Technosol substrate and on organic matter chemical features. In agreement with the conclusions at the humipedon scale, it seems that feces traits produced by the epigeic saprophagous arthropods are an intrinsic characteristic of the ecosystem, which results from the Technosols humipedons composition. The development of Technosols reclamation strategies using coupled inoculation of saprophagous and organic matter could thus improve Technosols humipedons physicochemical characteristics while requiring the specific interactions of organisms with the substrate to be taken into account
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Procházková, Markéta. "Problematika intermodálního propojení ČR s námořními přístavy". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75187.
Abstract (sommario):
The subject of the thesis is the analysis of the intermodal connection between Czech Republic and the seaports. The importance of this connection for the Czech Republic as for an open economy with a large volume of international trade is undervalued. The connection between Czech Republic and the ports is mainly provided by the container combined transport road -- rail. It is necessary to pay attention to the development of this field as it has a potential to be the most effective way of transport considering both economical and environmental criteria. The aim of the thesis is to survey the issue of intermodal connection with the ports, to evaluate the current status and future development options, including the barriers to this development. The result of the thesis is an analyzed current situation: the ports to which Czech Republic is connected have been determined as well as the modes of transport and the key players on the Czech market that provide the shipping services to the ports. A significant part of attention is paid to METRANS, a.s. which is the leading provider of intermodal transport services between Czech republic and the ports. A major problem associated with the development of combined transport is the harmonization of the conditions between road and rail transport. There is one chapter of the thesis which is devoted to this issue. Thanks to the information obtained from companies operating in the intermodal transport business, it was possible to calculate the costs related to the transport of the consignment by road and rail route, to highlight the problems in the daily operation of combined transport, to identify the weaknesses that may hinder the development of the METRANS or to bring other real outcomes.
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Brown, Christopher G. "Behavioral ecology of Neochlamisus leaf beetles the role of fecal cases and associated traits /". Diss., 2009. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312009-122016/.
Libri sul tema "Feces traits":
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Providing for the collection of fees for the making of motion pictures, television productions, and sound tracks in National Park System and National Wildlife Refuge System Units: Report (to accompany H.R. 154) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Providing for the collection of fees for the making of motion pictures, television productions, and sound tracks in National Park System and Natioal Wildlife Refuge System Units: Report (to accompany H.R. 154) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
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Robson, Gary D. Who Pooped in the Park? Grand Canyon National Park. Farcountry Press, 2005.
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Jacobs, Lawrence R. Going Institutional. A cura di Kate Kenski e Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.38.
Abstract (sommario):
Communications from election candidates, officeholders, and government programs often project an air of candor and forthrightness. In reality, however, they are invariably intentional and strategic – constructed to promote campaigns, sell legislation, and explain benefits and fees to constituents. This chapter traces two seminal developments of modern political communication. First, political strategy has become enormously more sophisticated to exploit vulnerabilities in the ways individuals process information and form evaluations. Second, the nature of political communications itself has qualitatively changed. Political communications are typically equated with “situational framing” - the intentional efforts of political actors to target individuals within specific situations and moments of time. We now live in an era increasingly defined, however, by institution-based communications and framing. This chapter addresses two elements: the substantial expansion of the White House’s administrative capacity for crafted communications and the routinized and consequential messages of established policies. Institutions-based communications have, under certain circumstances, more enduring and deeper effects than situational framing.
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Willetts, David. A University Education. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767268.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Feces traits":
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Butler, Z., P. Corke, R. Peterson e D. Rus. "Dynamic Virtual Fences for Controlling Cows". In Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, 513–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11552246_49.
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Reslow, Natasja. "Do Good Neighbours Make Good Fences? Migration in the Trans-European Space". In The EU in a Trans-European Space, 219–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03679-9_11.
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ROCHA, MARK WILLIAM. "American History as “Loud Talking” in Two Trains Running". In May All Your Fences Have Gates, 116–32. University of Iowa Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20h6vmw.11.
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Taylor-Leduc, Susan. "Jardins-Spectacles: Spaces and Traces of Embodiment". In Ephemeral Spectacles, Exhibition Spaces and Museums. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720908_ch03.
Abstract (sommario):
During the French Revolution, resourceful entrepreneurs seized properties on the outskirts of Paris to create jardins-spectacles, urban pleasure grounds that merged the former aristocratic practices of picturesque strolling with popular entertainments. Visitors paid entrance fees to explore the artfully contrived sensorium and watch astonishing performances, including fireworks displays and hot-air balloon launchings, while strolling. Simon Charles Boutin’s development of Tivoli, one of the most popular of the approximately twenty jardins-spectacles built from 1795 until 1820, reveals how these venues became places to perform embodied spectatorship. The ephemerality of the jardins-spectacles has marginalized their contribution to the history of visuality in the long eighteenth century.
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Hasbrouck, Joel. "Sequential Trade Models". In Empirical Market Microstructure, 42–55. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195301649.003.0005.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In the Roll framework, everyone possesses the same information. New public information can cause the quotes to change, but trades have no impact. Because trades are not informative, there’s no particular need for them to be reported and disseminated in a timely fashion. Trading is not a strategic problem because agents always face the same spread. The costs reflected in dealers’ spreads reflect only expenditures for computers, communications, salaries, business fees, and so on, the sort of expenses that a wholesaler of any good or service might incur.
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Harris, Larry. "Internalization, Preferencing, and Crossing". In Trading and Exchanges, 514–23. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195144703.003.0025.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Dealers internalize orders when they fill their clients’ orders. Brokers preference orders when they route their clients’ marketable orders to dealers in exchange for various monetary or nonpecuniary payments for order flow. Brokers also preference when they route their clients’ limit orders to electronic communications networks (ECNs) that pay them liquidity fees when standing limit orders execute. Brokers cross orders internally when they arrange trades among their clients.
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Heshmat, Dina. "Conclusion". In Egypt 1919, 204–9. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458351.003.0009.
Abstract (sommario):
I started this book with a scene of youth frantically cleaning slogans off fences on Tahrir Square in the immediate aftermath of President Husni Mubarak’s resignation; I argued that, as it encapsulated the politics of erasure at work in the memory of the 2011 revolution, the scene could help us imagine how the traces of another revolution were lost and erased, decade after decade. It remained present in my mind while I was reading and watching the literary and cinematic narratives dealing with the 1919 anti-colonial revolution in Egypt that constitute the corpus of this book. I systematically tried to locate ...
8
Palm, Michael. "The Swipe". In Paid. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035750.003.0018.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter traces the meaning of “the swipe.” The verb “to swipe” has many colloquial meaning. In recent years, it has come to mean running a charge card through a digital reader or using an index finger to manipulate the touch screen of a smartphone. As smartphones become payment instruments, these two meanings have been united. The chapter explores the so-called “swipe fee wars,” being fought between banks, retailers, and phone companies to determine who will bear the cost of payment. As the business models move away from fees and towards extracting the value “big data,” a related battle is being waged over access to transactional data.
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O’Mahoney, Joe, e Calvert Markham. "Clients, Procurement, and the Request for Information". In Management Consultancy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hebz/9780199645473.003.0004.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter demonstrates the consultant–client relationship, which is central to both the theoretical understanding and the practical success of consultancy projects. It emphasizes the importance for a consultant to understand and empathize with the needs of the client. It also focuses on consultancy from the point of view of those buying and using consultancy services. The chapter analyses the processes underpinning the client–consultant relationship and the variety of roles the consultant may need to take on. It also traces the gradual shift from personal to procurement models of client engagement. It outlines the pros and cons of the procurement function for both consultants and clients and reviews the procurement process from finding and defining a project to recruiting consultants and negotiating fees.
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Rothman, David J. "Introduction". In Beginnings Count, 3–14. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195111187.003.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The starting point for this book rests in my ongoing puzzlement and fascination with question of why the America health car system 1s so highly 1d1osyncrabc. Although the notion of American exceptionalism can be exaggerated, among Western countries American medicine stands out as practically unique. No matter what the yardstick, the differences are profound. Compared to other industrialized countries, the United States trains a greater percentage of medical specialists and subspecialists. We insist more vigorously than others on the right to choose our own doctors; we pay higher fees for each visit and procedure, in the process making American physicians the richest in the world. We invest more heavily than others in biomedical research. No other country follows medical developments as closely as we do; more medical journalists are employed in the United States than anywhere else. And as everyone knows, we devote more of our national resources to health care. It now represents a trilliondollar industry.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Feces traits":
1
Sanz Bobi, Juan de Dios, Berta Suarez, Jorge Garzo´n Nu´n˜ez e Juan Andre´s Brunel Va´zquez. "Protection High Speed Trains Against Lateral Wind Effects". In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10353.
Abstract (sommario):
The present paper, describe how to carry out the study of the influence of strong cross winds on high-speed trains, and how to draw conclusions to mitigate these effects by means of analysis with computer fluid dynamics. Due to the high speed increase mileage in the railway traffic and the lightening of the axis weight, the effect of the aerodynamic loads on the trains due to strong cross winds are becoming more important. These winds have a negative effect on the stability of trains travelling at high-speed. They can disturb the normal operation, cause damages in the infrastructures or even accidents like derailment or overturning. The objective of this paper is to provide, to study and to evaluate solutions and countermeasures, such as wind breaking structures with different morphologies, that mitigate the effects of the aerodynamic loads produced by the cross wind. The study is focused on the geographical and operative conditions of a high-speed line in Spain, the Madrid–Barcelona high speed line. The most affected zones by the cross wind effects have been selected [1] and the two high-speed trains that operate in this line have been considered in the study (they can circulate up to 350km/h). Infrastructures on which the train runs have also been taken into account: bridges and ground tracks or embankment. With two-dimensional analysis and static models, the aerodynamic forces acting on these two vehicles, and the improvements achieved in preventing the harmful cross wind effects by means of wind fence have been measured. A commercial CFD software (Computer Fluid Dynamics) has been used for this purpose and deep analysis of the aerodynamic loads have been carried out. Different wind fence shapes have been studied, with different heights, bending angles on the top and porosities. This made possible to compare multiple solutions, and to adapt the characteristics of the new devices to the specific situations in which higher protection is required. The result is a quasi-ideal wind fence. These fences minimize the aerodynamic loads on the surface of train. The results obtained have been compared with the experimental information of other studies and projects. Cost estimation has also been made to assess the viability of these countermeasures.
2
R. A. Coelho, Rooney, Mauricio B. C. Salles, Luciano Martins Neto e José Roberto Cardoso. "Calculation of Electric Potentials Transferred by Grounding Systems". In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2474.
Abstract (sommario):
Buried metal elements such as fences, pipelines, building rebar, and railway tracks are subject to electric potential rise due to current flowing through the ground. In fact, theremay be a potential transfer of substations to remote regions in which such safety risks are not generally expected. This work presents a calculation procedure for this potential rise in uniform soils. The presented procedure is applied to cases extracted from the literature as a form of validation.
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Ünlü, Elif Işılay, e Ahmet Çınar. "Lesion Detection on Skin Images Using Improved U-Net". In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.022.
Abstract (sommario):
The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein of feeds from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been an important topic since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated about risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and proteins to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, however, the reported data is at times controversial. Earlier reports showed that tDNA fragments or protein derived from GM plants have not been detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products of farm animals. Other researchers have come out to demonstrate that there is the possibility of small fragments leaking out into the animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed at assessing the likely transfer and accumulation of tDNA/ proteins from transgenic feeds to animal (ruminants and non-ruminants) samples through evaluating the available experimental scientific published studies. This study has found out that the tDNA or protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (Cattle), tDNA fragments/protein have been detected in the GIT digesta, ruminal fluid and feces. In small ruminants (Goats), traces of tDNA/proteins have been detected in the GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they have been detected in blood, spleen, liver kidney and in the GIT digesta. In poultry, traces have been seen in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and Eggs. Regardless of some studies that have shown the transfer of tDNA/protein fragments to animal samples, we cannot base on these few studies to give a piece of general evidence about their transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of livestock animals. However, this study clearly shows possible transfer, hence intensive and authentic research on GM crops should be done before they are allowed for commercial use, studying issues like the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effect of feeding GM feeds to livestock.
4
Szpakowska-Loranc, Ernestyna. "Function of time in narration of contemporary cities". In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8056.
Abstract (sommario):
Contemporary perception of time differs significantly from historical one. The contemporary time is speeding, divergent, meticulously quantified with abstract units, disconnected from perception of space. Differences between day and night, physical and digital, far and near are constantly, gradually vanishing.
With this new time perception, contemporary urban space has evolved. Cities extend, their centres melt; deallocation, speed and light images explode interior-exterior oppositions. The space aspires to the speed of light. Shizophrenic, kinetic reality, where signifiant leaves signifié is characterized by discrepancies: economic barriers, fences, and incessant opening into virtual reality.
Time is a factor joining events in narration and in architecture. Chronology of events is shattered in contemporary literature, introducing strategies of retrospection, anticipation and anachrony. The situation in contemporary architecture is similar. These strategies appear also in contemporary cities: retrospection in historic monuments, anticipation in avant-garde, “science-fiction” buildings and anachrony in non-places on the verge of physical and virtual reality. Lines of events in a plot of a city’s narration has changed. Certain duality of a contemporary city space appears: perception of sheer time in ruins, monuments, and a temporal flow of events-spaces.
Along with the speeding urban organism, an idea of slow city spaces has appeared. The idea of a city “tasted” with senses, replacing the terms of acceleration, progress and change with: slowness, reflection, variety, essence; effects of reflective attitude towards reality, traces of resistance against the inevitable loss of beauty in contemporaneity. A phenomenological approach as a response for the speeding city reality.
Thisarticle analyses affiliations between the contemporary perception of time, narrative strategies and city space.
5
Al Zaabi, Abdulla Rashed. "Determinants of Value Benefits in Adopting an Engineering Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM) Contracting Model". In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210816-ms.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Thinking outside the box implies a box. This box consists of all your beliefs and preconceived ideas about reality. It is a group of concepts you accept and don't question. Unfortunately, this tendency to conceptualize reality also has side effects. In fact, this box destroys creativity. It sets fences in your mind. It establishes a perimeter that determines what conscious thoughts can arise. When you think inside the box, you are limited. You copy what already exists. This is not necessarily problematic, but it often is suboptimal. If you aim at the same target everyone else is aiming at, your shots will end up where everyone else's do. If you till the same soil that everyone else tills, plant the same seeds they plant, and use the same water, you'll get the same garden. Ideas are constantly flowing in your subconscious mind. You're not aware of most of them because they are blocked. They fall outside the box. Your mind constantly filters out stuff that it doesn't consider relevant. To develop creativity, you need the ability to suspend that filter. You have to step out of concepts. It's certainly doable. "Thinking Out of the Box" means you're indifferent to rules and standards being imposed by others, and do things a different way. This way, you're unrestrained by convention, and don't see the world through a lens of set rules or expectations. This trait lends itself well to creativity and innovation, as you don't feel bound by certain ways of producing work or fitting in with the status quo. To think outside the box, you have to step out of it. That means suspending judgments and labels. It's impossible to be creative if you're caught in prejudice. So, let's step out of the box and ponder on the below strategy: "Execution of Oil & Gas Projects in UAE through Engineering Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM) Contracting Model instead of the mundane Engineering Procurement & Construction (EPC) Model"
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Feces traits":
1
Cummings, John. Geese, Ducks and Coots. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, agosto 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208739.ws.
Abstract (sommario):
Canada geese, snow geese, ducks, and American coots all have been implicated in agricultural crop and turf damage. Generally, goose, duck, and American coot damage to crops, vegetation and aircraft can be difficult to identify. Usually the damage to crops or vegetation shows signs of being clipped, torn, or stripped. Tracks, feces, or feathers found neat the damage can be used to help identify the species. Damage to aircraft is obvious if the bird is recovered, but if not, and only bird parts are recovered, a scientific analysis is required. Canada geese, snow geese, ducks, and American coots are federally protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), which stipulates that, unless permitted by regulation, it is unlawful to “pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, possess, sell, barter, purchase, ship, export, or import any migratory birds alive or dead, or any part, nests, eggs, or products thereof.” Generally, geese, ducks, and coots can be hazed without a federal permit in order to prevent damage to agriculture crops and property with a variety of scare techniques. In most cases, live ammunition cannot be used.
2
Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, Kevin Yong Lee e Serena Alexander. How Do California’s Local Governments Fund Surface Transportation? A Guide to Revenue Sources. Mineta Transportation Institute, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1938a.
Abstract (sommario):
California local agencies raise the revenue to support high-quality transportation services and infrastructure from a patchwork of federal, state, and local sources. To assist policymakers and transportation experts as they explore options for creating a more sustainable funding system, this report presents an overview of the taxes and fees that currently generate revenue ultimately dedicated to paying for transportation at the sub-state—or “local”—level. The discussion covers federal and state as well as local sources. The report also traces the evolving contribution from each level of government for expenditures on California’s local streets and roads and public transit, looking back two decades. The report concludes with a discussion of options for increasing local transportation revenue
3
Bernad, Ludovic, Yves Nsengiyumva, Benjamin Byinshi, Naphtal Hakizimana e Fabrizio Santoro. Digital Merchant Payments as a Medium of Tax Compliance. Institute of Development Studies, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.011.
Abstract (sommario):
Consumers in Africa increasingly pay for their purchases through mobile money, especially since the pandemic. These transactions are known as digital merchant payments. Rwandan consumers can choose between using standard mobile money services or a specific service only for digital merchant payments – MoMo Pay. Digital payments of any kind have the potential to improve tax compliance, because they imply digital data trails and better record keeping. How far is this potential being realised in Rwanda? In collaboration with the Rwanda Revenue Authority, we collected survey data from 1,100 merchants country-wide and were able to correlate this with tax administrative data, i.e. the tax records of the interviewees held by the revenue authority. We also conducted focus group discussions with 15 merchants. We found that the great majority of payments are still made in cash. Larger, more knowledgeable and financially included merchants opt for MoMo Pay as opposed to standard mobile money, the latter being preferred by female and less educated and equipped merchants. At the start of the pandemic, in March 2020, for a period of 18 months, all fees on MoMo Pay transactions were waived to foster digital payments through the service. In September 2021, fees were then reintroduced. The waiver led to a significant rise in the use of MoMo Pay relative to cash. When the MoMo Pay fee was reintroduced, there was a significant shift back to cash from both MoMo Pay and standard mobile money services, even if the latter were not affected by the fee. Lastly, we measure whether the adoption of digital payments correlates with merchants’ tax perceptions and compliance behaviour. First, we show that merchants using MoMo Pay tend to disagree with the obligation of paying taxes in order to receive public services, a measure of fiscal reciprocity. Such negative correlation is probably due to the fee imposed on MoMo Pay. Furthermore, standard mobile money usage improves the perceived ease of complying with taxes, while that is not the case for MoMo Pay. Again, the fact that fees on MoMo Pay are not clearly identifiable in MoMo Pay statements complicates merchants’ reporting and reconciliation of their activity for tax purposes. When it comes to compliance behaviour with VAT, the adoption of digital payments by merchants only improves their reported VAT sales and inputs, and only in the short term, while final VAT liability does not change. This hints at perverse compensating strategies to avoid taxes. We recommend that the tax administration better understand the adoption patterns of digital payments and incentivise usage among less equipped categories of taxpayers. The tax administration would also benefit from getting access to mobile money data to better monitor and enforce merchants’ compliance.
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Megersa, Kelbesa, Ludovic Bernad, Yves Nsengiyumva, Benjamin Byinshi, Naphtal Hakizimana e Fabrizio Santoro. Digital Merchant Payments as a Medium of Tax Compliance: RiB 87. Institute of Development Studies, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.028.
Abstract (sommario):
Digital merchant payments – transactions between traders, or between traders and customers using digital means of payment – can promote tax compliance by providing access to safer, quicker formal payments for consumers, and leaving a digital trail of sales data that can be accessed by tax administration. This study examines how far the potential of digital merchant payments to increase tax compliance is being realised in Rwanda, and whether fees imposed by mobile network operators on digital financial services (DFS) can hinder both DFS adoption and tax compliance. It uses original survey data from 1,100 merchants country-wide, administrative data from the Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA), focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Rwanda is an interesting context in which to study digital merchant payments, as these are expected to reach 80 per cent of GDP by 2024.1 Particularly popular are mobile money payments, performed either through the person-to-business payment option MoMo Pay or through standard personal accounts. The country’s commitment to creating a cashless economy was accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Summary of Working Paper 159.
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A model of costs of RTI case management services in Uttar Pradesh. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1996.1007.
Abstract (sommario):
The Government of India has adopted a Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) approach as the basis of its new family welfare policy. One component of RCH is management of reproductive tract infections (RTIs). The Population Council's Asia and the Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project, in collaboration with the State of Uttar Pradesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, is conducting a study on the feasibility and cost of providing RTI case management at the primary-care level. The estimated annual cost of RTI case management at the district level would be about US$64,000. From the analysis, it is clear that the average annual drug budget of a Primary Health Care Centre in India is inadequate even if used only for subsidized RTI case management. Policymakers and program managers are examining the initial and continuing costs of RTI case management within the overall RCH package in India, with a focus on quality and sustainability. As noted in this paper, alternatives for controlling costs include better efforts at primary prevention, partner participation to reduce reinfection, user fees, and more private-sector involvement in reproductive health care.