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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Fault rheology"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 7 settembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Fault rheology"

Lavallée, Yan, Takehiro Hirose, Jackie E. Kendrick, Kai-Uwe Hess e Donald B. Dingwell. "Fault rheology beyond frictional melting". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, n. 30 (29 giugno 2015): 9276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413608112.

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During earthquakes, comminution and frictional heating both contribute to the dissipation of stored energy. With sufficient dissipative heating, melting processes can ensue, yielding the production of frictional melts or “pseudotachylytes.” It is commonly assumed that the Newtonian viscosities of such melts control subsequent fault slip resistance. Rock melts, however, are viscoelastic bodies, and, at high strain rates, they exhibit evidence of a glass transition. Here, we present the results of high-velocity friction experiments on a well-characterized melt that demonstrate how slip in melt-bearing faults can be governed by brittle fragmentation phenomena encountered at the glass transition. Slip analysis using models that incorporate viscoelastic responses indicates that even in the presence of melt, slip persists in the solid state until sufficient heat is generated to reduce the viscosity and allow remobilization in the liquid state. Where a rock is present next to the melt, we note that wear of the crystalline wall rock by liquid fragmentation and agglutination also contributes to the brittle component of these experimentally generated pseudotachylytes. We conclude that in the case of pseudotachylyte generation during an earthquake, slip even beyond the onset of frictional melting is not controlled merely by viscosity but rather by an interplay of viscoelastic forces around the glass transition, which involves a response in the brittle/solid regime of these rock melts. We warn of the inadequacy of simple Newtonian viscous analyses and call for the application of more realistic rheological interpretation of pseudotachylyte-bearing fault systems in the evaluation and prediction of their slip dynamics.

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Verberne, Berend A., Oliver Plümper e Christopher J. Spiers. "Nanocrystalline Principal Slip Zones and Their Role in Controlling Crustal Fault Rheology". Minerals 9, n. 6 (28 maggio 2019): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060328.

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Principal slip zones (PSZs) are narrow (<10 cm) bands of localized shear deformation that occur in the cores of upper-crustal fault zones where they accommodate the bulk of fault displacement. Natural and experimentally-formed PSZs consistently show the presence of nanocrystallites in the <100 nm size range. Despite the presumed importance of such nanocrystalline (NC) fault rock in controlling fault mechanical behavior, their prevalence and potential role in controlling natural earthquake cycles remains insufficiently investigated. In this contribution, we summarize the physical properties of NC materials that may have a profound effect on fault rheology, and we review the structural characteristics of NC PSZs observed in natural faults and in experiments. Numerous literature reports show that such zones form in a wide range of faulted rock types, under a wide range of conditions pertaining to seismic and a-seismic upper-crustal fault slip, and frequently show an internal crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) and partial amorphization, as well as forming glossy or “mirror-like” slip surfaces. Given the widespread occurrence of NC PSZs in upper-crustal faults, we suggest that they are of general significance. Specifically, the generally high rates of (diffusion) creep in NC fault rock may play a key role in controlling the depth limits to the seismogenic zone.

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OOHASHI, Kiyokazu, Toru TAKESHITA e Ken-ichi HIRAUCHI. "Evolution of Fault Zones and Its Rheology". Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 129, n. 4 (25 agosto 2020): 473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.129.473.

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van der Elst, Nicholas J., Andrew A. Delorey, David R. Shelly e Paul A. Johnson. "Fortnightly modulation of San Andreas tremor and low-frequency earthquakes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n. 31 (18 luglio 2016): 8601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524316113.

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Earth tides modulate tremor and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) on faults in the vicinity of the brittle−ductile (seismic−aseismic) transition. The response to the tidal stress carries otherwise inaccessible information about fault strength and rheology. Here, we analyze the LFE response to the fortnightly tide, which modulates the amplitude of the daily tidal stress over a 14-d cycle. LFE rate is highest during the waxing fortnightly tide, with LFEs most strongly promoted when the daily stress exceeds the previous peak stress by the widest margin. This pattern implies a threshold failure process, with slip initiated when stress exceeds the local fault strength. Variations in sensitivity to the fortnightly modulation may reflect the degree of stress concentration on LFE-producing brittle asperities embedded within an otherwise aseismic fault.

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Liao, Chun-Fu, Strong Wen, Chau-Huei Chen e Ying-Nien Chen. "Exploring the Rheology of a Seismogenic Zone by Applying Seismic Variation". Applied Sciences 11, n. 19 (23 settembre 2021): 8847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198847.

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Although the study of spatiotemporal variation of a subsurface velocity structure is a challenging task, it can provide a description of the fault geometry as well as important information on the rheological changes caused by fault rupture. Our main objective is to investigate whether rheological changes of faults can be associated with the seismogenic process before a strong earthquake. For this purpose, a 3D tomographic technique is applied to obtain P- and S-wave velocity structures in central Taiwan using travel time data. The results show that temporal variations in the Vs structure in the source area demonstrate significant spatiotemporal variation before and after the Chi-Chi earthquake. We infer that, before the mainshock, Vs began to decrease (and Vp/Vs increased) at the hanging wall of the Chelungpu fault, which may be induced by the increasing density of microcracks and fluid. However, in the vicinity of the Chi-Chi earthquake’s source area, Vs increased (and Vp/Vs decreased), which may be attributed to the closing of cracks or migration of fluid. The different physical characteristics at the junctional zone may easily generate strong earthquakes. Therefore, seismic velocity changes are found to be associated with a subsurface evolution around the source area in Taiwan. Our findings suggest that monitoring the Vp and Vs (or Vp/Vs) structures in high seismic potential zones is an important ongoing task, which may minimize the damage caused by future large earthquakes.

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Ault, A. K., J. L. Jensen, R. G. McDermott, F. A. Shen e B. R. Van Devener. "Nanoscale evidence for temperature-induced transient rheology and postseismic fault healing". Geology 47, n. 12 (15 ottobre 2019): 1203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46317.1.

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Abstract Friction-generated heat and the subsequent thermal evolution control fault material properties and thus strength during the earthquake cycle. We document evidence for transient, nanoscale fault rheology on a high-gloss, light-reflective hematite fault mirror (FM). The FM cuts specularite with minor quartz from the Pleistocene El Laco Fe-ore deposit, northern Chile. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy data reveal that the FM volume comprises a <50-μm-thick zone of polygonal hematite nanocrystals with spherical silica inclusions, rhombohedral twins, no shape or crystallographic preferred orientation, decreasing grain size away from the FM surface, and FM surface magnetite nanoparticles and Fe2+ suboxides. Sub–5-nm-thick silica films encase hematite grains and connect to amorphous interstitial silica. Observations imply that coseismic shear heating (temperature >1000 °C) generated transiently amorphous, intermixed but immiscible, and rheologically weak Fe-oxide and silica. Hematite regrowth in a fault-perpendicular thermal gradient, sintering, twinning, and a topographic network of nanometer-scale ridges from crystals interlocking across the FM surface collectively restrengthened fault material. Results reveal how temperature-induced weakening preconditions fault healing. Nanoscale transformations may promote subsequent strain delocalization and development of off-fault damage.

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Bachura, M., T. Fischer, J. Doubravová e J. Horálek. "From earthquake swarm to a main shock–aftershocks: the 2018 activity in West Bohemia/Vogtland". Geophysical Journal International 224, n. 3 (4 novembre 2020): 1835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa523.

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SUMMARY In earthquake swarms, seismic energy is released gradually by many earthquakes without a dominant event, which offers detailed insight into the processes on activated faults. The swarm of May 2018 that occurred in West Bohemia/Vogtland region included more than 4000 earthquakes with ML =〈0.5, 3.8&x3009 x232A;and its character showed significant changes during the two weeks duration: what started as a pure earthquake swarm ended as a typical main shock–aftershock sequence. Based on precise double-difference relocations, four fault segments differing in strikes and dips were identified with similar dimensions. First, two segments of typical earthquake swarm character took place, and at the end a fault segment hosting a main shock–aftershock sequence was activated. The differences were observable in the earthquakes spatio-temporal evolutions (systematic versus disordered migration of the hypocentres), b-values (>1.3 for the swarm, <1 for the main shock–aftershocks), or the smoothness of seismic moment spatial distribution along the fault plane. Our findings can be interpreted by local variations of fault rheology, differential stress and/or smoothness of the faults surface, possibly related to the crustal fluids circulating along the fault plane and their interplay with the seismic cycle.

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Dotseva, Zornitsa, Dian Vangelov e Ianko Gerdjikov. "The Botevgrad basin main characteristics and evolution". Geologica Balcanica 47, n. 2 (novembre 2018): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.47.2.47.

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The Botevgrad basin is one of the numerous Late Pliocene–Quaternary basins developed over the Balkanide orogen. The basin is developed in the West Balkan tectonic zone and on the northern slopes of the Stara Planina Mountain along the Plakalnitsa fault zone, the front of the orogen. The basin was interpreted as half-graben formed on the SW block of the Dragoybalkan fault, considered as the Plakalnitsa fault zone’s extensionally reactivated roots. Our data suggest that the basin formation is more complicated and all basin boards are fault predestined. The boards are morphologically well prominent and their geometry is a result of the reactivated older faults’ segmentation, combined with the different rheology of the basement lithologies, mainly Palaeozoic low-grade metamorphites and intruded into them syn- to post-metamorphic granitoids. The distribution of the numerous depocentres, the orientation of drainage systems, watershed shape and depositional system migration indicate polyphasic basin evolution. The basin shape and other data, such as criteria for sense of shearing, and intrabasinal push-up blocks’ rotation, suggest that the Botevgrad basin should be interpreted as pull-apart basin.

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Héja, Gábor Herkules, Zsolt Kercsmár, Szilvia Kövér, Tamás Budai, Mohamed Yazid Noui e László Fodor. "The Role of Rheology and Fault Geometry on Fault Reactivation: A Case-Study from the Zsámbék-Mány Basin, Central Hungary". Geosciences 12, n. 12 (24 novembre 2022): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12120433.

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In this study, we investigated the structural evolution of the Vértessomló (VT) Thrust and the Környe-Zsámbék (KZ) Fault, which are located in the Transdanubian Range in the center of the Miocene Pannonian back-arc basin. Our study is based on surface and well data. The Transdanubian Range was located on the Adriatic passive margin during the Late Triassic, where a thick succession of platform carbonates was deposited. Intercalations of intraplatform basin deposits occur in the eastern part of the study area. South-directed thrusting and the formation of the VT Thrust took place during the Cretaceous, related to the Austroalpine orogeny. Asymmetric half-grabens were formed during the Eocene in the hanging wall of the segmented dextral normal KZ Fault. The geometry and kinematics of the KZ Fault were influenced by the pre-existing VT Thrust located in the Mesozoic basement of the Paleogene sub-basins. These Eocene half-grabens suffered mild inversion due to the dextral reverse reactivation of the VT Thrust and the KZ Fault during the Oligocene–Early Miocene. The geometry of Miocene normal faults indicates that the VT-KZ Fault system was an active transfer fault during the Miocene extension of the Pannonian Basin, as well. We found a positive correlation between the rheology of the Triassic basement and the mode of Paleogene fault reactivation. Our results show that reactivation of the pre-existing thrust took place along that segment, where the Triassic basement is made up of homogeneous platform carbonates. In contrast, a diffuse fault zone developed, where the Triassic basement is represented by the weak layers of intraplatform basins.

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Preuss, Simon, Jean Paul Ampuero, Taras Gerya e Ylona van Dinther. "Characteristics of earthquake ruptures and dynamic off-fault deformation on propagating faults". Solid Earth 11, n. 4 (22 luglio 2020): 1333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1333-2020.

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Abstract. Natural fault networks are geometrically complex systems that evolve through time. The evolution of faults and their off-fault damage patterns are influenced by both dynamic earthquake ruptures and aseismic deformation in the interseismic period. To better understand each of their contributions to faulting we simulate both earthquake rupture dynamics and long-term deformation in a visco-elasto-plastic crust subjected to rate- and state-dependent friction. The continuum mechanics-based numerical model presented here includes three new features. First, a 2.5-D approximation is created to incorporate the effects of a viscoelastic lower crustal substrate below a finite depth. Second, we introduce a dynamically adaptive (slip-velocity-dependent) measure of fault width to ensure grid size convergence of fault angles for evolving faults. Third, fault localization is facilitated by plastic strain weakening of bulk rate and state friction parameters as inspired by laboratory experiments. This allows us to simulate sequences of episodic fault growth due to earthquakes and aseismic creep for the first time. Localized fault growth is simulated for four bulk rheologies ranging from persistent velocity weakening to velocity strengthening. Interestingly, in each of these bulk rheologies, faults predominantly localize and grow due to aseismic deformation. Yet, cyclic fault growth at more realistic growth rates is obtained for a bulk rheology that transitions from velocity-strengthening friction to velocity-weakening friction. Fault growth occurs under Riedel and conjugate angles and transitions towards wing cracks. Off-fault deformation, both distributed and localized, is typically formed during dynamic earthquake ruptures. Simulated off-fault deformation structures range from fan-shaped distributed deformation to localized splay faults. We observe that the fault-normal width of the outer damage zone saturates with increasing fault length due to the finite depth of the seismogenic zone. We also observe that dynamically and statically evolving stress fields from neighboring fault strands affect primary and secondary fault growth and thus that normal stress variations affect earthquake sequences. Finally, we find that the amount of off-fault deformation distinctly depends on the degree of optimality of a fault with respect to the prevailing but dynamically changing stress field. Typically, we simulate off-fault deformation on faults parallel to the loading direction. This produces a 6.5-fold higher off-fault energy dissipation than on an optimally oriented fault, which in turn has a 1.5-fold larger stress drop. The misalignment of the fault with respect to the static stress field thus facilitates off-fault deformation. These results imply that fault geometries bend, individual fault strands interact, and optimal orientations and off-fault deformation vary through space and time. With our work we establish the basis for simulations and analyses of complex evolving fault networks subject to both long-term and short-term dynamics.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Fault rheology"

Finzi, Yaron. "Strike-slip fault structure and fault-system evolution : a numerical study applying damage rheology". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/19401.

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In seismically active regions, faults nucleate, propagate, and form networks that evolve over time. Progressive strain localization and periodic fault pattern re-configuration induce the accumulation and healing of fault zone damage. The damage zones are characterized by distributed fractures, veins, and secondary faults, and may act as barriers for propagating earthquake ruptures, or as nucleation sites for earthquakes. They interact with seismic waves, promoting strong surface motions during earthquakes, and can focus fluid flow and enhance mineralization. In spite of their great scientific, social, and economic significance, interactions between these evolving damage zones and crustal deformation remain unresolved. Indeed, geodynamic models generally treat active faults as surfaces embedded in a medium with non-evolving material properties. For my dissertation projects, I have simulated fault system evolution over thousands of years, applying a rheological model which incorporates concepts of damage mechanics. This model accounts for crack nucleation, growth and concentration (i.e., material degradation), macroscopic failure, and material healing. My Simulations show that strike-slip faults form as segmented structures before evolving into contiguous, simpler structures. Flower structures rapidly form along fault segments (before a total offset of 0.05 km), and stepovers display extensive, permanent damage and ongoing seismicity throughout the seismogenic crust. My models also indicate that the “effectiveness” of material healing strongly affects the spatial extent of damage zones and long-term fault complexity. Effective healing promotes rapid evolution of segmented faults to a simpler through-going fault, and ineffective healing preserves fault complexities, resulting in long-lasting, distributed deformation. I also find that lateral contrasts in lithosphere viscosity structure (or effective plate thickness) attract evolving faults and cause damage and strain to concentrate on the “weaker” side. Realistic contrasts in crustal rigidity, however, have only a minor effect on the symmetry of damage, deformation, or the propagation of faults. In addition, lower crust and mantle viscosity contrasts induce the formation of broad shear zones with relatively high strain-rate in the “weaker” side of the interface. These results demonstrate that reasonable, lateral contrasts in viscosity (rather than extreme, unrealistic contrasts in elasticity) can explain GPS observations of highly asymmetric, interseismic deformation around strike-slip faults.

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Kaneko, Yoshihiro Clayton Robert W. Lapusta Nadia. "Investigations of earthquake source processes based on fault models with variable friction rheology /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04282009-202026.

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Lindsey, Eric Ostrom. "Fault properties, rheology and interseismic deformation in Southern California from high-precision space geodesy". Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3721663.

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This dissertation presents the collection and processing of dense high-precision geode- tic data across major faults throughout Southern California. The results are used to inform numerical models of the long-term slip rate and interseismic behavior of these faults, as well as their frictional and rheological properties at shallow depths. The data include campaign surveys of dense networks of GPS monuments crossing the faults, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations from ENVISAT. Using a Bayesian framework, we first assess to what extent these data constrain relative fault slip rates on the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults, and show that the inferred parameters depend critically on the assumed fault geometry. We next look in detail at near-field observations of strain across the San Jacinto fault, and show that the source of this strain may be either deep anomalous creep or a new form of shallow, distributed yielding in the top few kilometers of the crust. On the San Andreas fault, we show that this type of shallow yielding does occur, and its presence or absence is controlled by variations in the local normal stress that result from subtle bends in the fault. Finally, we investigate shallow creep on the Imperial fault, and show that thanks to observations from all parts of the earthquake cycle it is now possible to obtain a strong constraint on the shallow frictional rheology and depth of the material responsible for creep. The results also suggest activity on a hidden fault to the West, whose existence has been previously suggested but never confirmed.

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Almeida, Jaime. "Kinematic Evolution of aTranscurrent Fault Propagating Through Consecutive Volcanic Cones:a Case of Rheology and Separation". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303929.

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The main objective of this work is to test the effect of two conical-shaped positive topographic obstacleson propagation of a discrete basement dextral strike-slip or transcurrent fault. A set of sandbox analogue (physical) models was constructed, in which two consecutive sand cones were placed progressivelycloser to each other. Key structural and strain parameters, such axial strain ratios and angular strain, aswell as the width and direction of the basins which formed during deformation were measured and analyzed. This procedure was then repeated with a basal decoupling layer of PDMS beneath each cone,to test the influence of this layer on the deformation.The results show that, for models without a basal decoupling layer, the distance between the two cones governs the end-stage deformation patterns of the topographic obstacles. The proximity of the topographic obstacles causes an increase of their deformation, i.e., results in higher axial strain ratios and angular strain. This effect is particularly noticeable in the first obstacle, which is affected by a strong clockwise rotation. The basal ductile which partly decouples the basement fault from the cover units nullifies the previous effect (the increase in deformation caused by proximity) and, when present, localizes the deformation by not only producing narrower pull-apart basins within the obstacles but alsoby increasing their rotation.
O objectivo deste trabalho foi o de estabelecer os efeitos de uma única falha de desligamento direito emdois obstáculos cónicos consecutivos, de relevo positivo. Adicionalmente, procura-se estabelecer o efeito que uma camada basal dúctil poderá ter na deformação dos obstáculos.Como tal, uma série de modelos análogos foram efetuados onde dois cones de areia consecutivosforam colocados sistematicamente mais próximos um do outro. Durante estas experiências, parâmetros chave de natureza estrutural e de strain foram medidos, tais como os rácios de strain axial e angular,bem como a direção e largura das bacias formadas. Este procedimento foi repetido com uma camadabasal de silicone (PDMS) colocada por baixo dos obstáculos. Os resultados mostram que, para modelos sem a camada de silicone basal, a distância de separação dos cones tem uma influência muito forte no produto final da deformação nos cones. A proximidade dos obstáculos causa um aumento da deformação (ex. valores mais elevados de strain angular e strain axial) em ambos os obstáculos. Este efeito é particularmente visível no primeiro obstáculo, sendo este afetado por uma rotação no sentido dos ponteiros do relógio mais elevada que o segundo.Por fim, verifica-se que a presença da camada basal dúctil nulifica o efeito anterior e, quando presente, focaliza a deformação, não só criando bacias de pull-apart mais estreitas mas tambémcausando uma maior rotação nos obstáculos.

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Toy, Virginia Gail, e n/a. "Rheology of the Alpine Fault Mylonite Zone : deformation processes at and below the base of the seismogenic zone in a major plate boundary structure". University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080305.110949.

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The Alpine Fault is the major structure of the Pacific-Australian plate boundary through New Zealand�s South Island. During dextral reverse fault slip, a <5 million year old, ~1 km thick mylonite zone has been exhumed in the hanging-wall, providing unique exposure of material deformed to very high strains at deep crustal levels under boundary conditions constrained by present-day plate motions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fault zone rheology and mechanisms of strain localisation, to obtain further information about how the structural development of this shear zone relates to the kinematic and thermal boundary constraints, and to investigate the mechanisms by which the viscously deforming mylonite zone is linked to the brittle structure, that fails episodically causing large earthquakes. This study has focussed on the central section of the fault from Harihari to Fox Glacier. In this area, mylonites derived from a quartzofeldspathic Alpine Schist protolith are most common, but slivers of Western Province-derived footwall material, which can be differentiated using mineralogy and bulk rock geochemistry, were also incorporated into the fault zone. These footwall-derived mylonites are increasingly common towards the north. At amphibolite-facies conditions mylonitic deformation was localised to the mylonite and ultramylonite subzones of the schist-derived mylonites. Most deformation was accommodated by dislocation creep of quartz, which developed strong Y-maximum crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) patterns by prism (a) dominant slip. Formation of this highly-oriented fabric would have led to significant geometric softening and enhanced strain localisation. During this high strain deformation, pre-existing Alpine Schist fabrics in polyphase rocks were reconstituted to relatively well-mixed, finer-grained aggregates. As a result of this fabric homogenisation, strong syn-mylonitic object lineations were not formed. Strain models show that weak lineations trending towards ~090� and kinematic directions indicated by asymmetric fabrics and CPO pattern symmetry could have formed during pure shear stretches up-dip of the fault of ~3.5, coupled with simple shear strains [greater than or equal to]30. The preferred estimate of simple:pure shear strain gives a kinematc vorticity number, W[k] [greater than or equal to]̲ 0.9997. Rapid exhumation due to fault slip resulted in advection of crustal isotherms. New thermobarometric and fluid inclusion analyses from fault zone materials allow the thermal gradient along an uplift path in the fault rocks to be more precisely defined than previously. Fluid inclusion data indicate temperatures of 325+̲15�C were experienced at depths of ~45 km, so that a high thermal gradient of ~75�C km⁻� is indicated in the near-surface. This gradient must fall off to [ less than approximately]l0�C km⁻� below the brittle-viscous transition since feldspar thermobarometry, Ti-inbiotite thermometry and the absence of prism(c)-slip quartz CPO fabrics indicate deformation temperatures did not exceed ~ 650�C at [greater than or equal to] 7.0-8.5�1.5 kbar, ie. 26-33 km depth. During exhumation, the strongly oriented quartzite fabrics were not favourably oriented for activation of the lower temperature basal(a) slip system, which should have dominated at depths [less than approximately]20 km. Quartz continued to deform by crystal-plastic mechanisms to shallow levels. However, pure dislocation creep of quartz was replaced by a frictional-viscous deformation mechanism of sliding on weak mica basal planes coupled with dislocation creep of quartz. Such frictional-viscous flow is particularly favoured during high-strain rate events as might be expected during rupture of the overlying brittle fault zone. Maximum flow stresses supported by this mechanism are ~65 Mpa, similar to those indicated by recrystallised grain size paleopiezometry of quartz (D>25[mu]m, indicating [Delta][sigma][max] ~55 MPa for most mylonites). It is likely that the preferentially oriented prism (a) slip system was activated during these events, so the Y-maximum CPO fabrics were preserved. Simple numerical models show that activation of this slip system is favoured over the basal (a) system, which has a lower critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) at low temperatures, for aggregates with strong Y-maximum orientations. Absence of pervasive crystal-plastic deformation of micas and feldspars during activation of this mechanism also resulted in preservation of mineral chemistries from the highest grades of mylonitic deformation (ie. amphibolite-facies). Retrograde, epidote-amphibolite to greenschist-facies mineral assemblages were pervasively developed in ultramylonites and cataclasites immediately adjacent to the fault core and in footwall-derived mylonites, perhaps during episodic transfer of this material into and subsequently out of the cooler footwall block. In the more distal protomylonites, retrograde assemblages were locally developed along shear bands that also accommodated most of the mylonitic deformation in these rocks. Ti-in-biotite thermometry suggests biotite in these shear bands equilibrated down to ~500+̲50�C, suggesting crystal-plastic deformation of this mineral continued to these temperatures. Crossed-girdle quartz CPO fabrics were formed in these protomylonites by basal (a) dominant slip, indicating a strongly oriented fabric had not previously formed at depth due to the relatively small strains, and that dislocation creep of quartz continued at depths [less than or equal to]20 km. Lineation orientations, CPO fabric symmetry and shear-band fabrics in these protomylonites are consistent with a smaller simple:pure shear strain ratio than that observed closer to the fault core (W[k] [greater than approximately] 0.98), but require a similar total pure shear component. Furthermore, they indicate an increase in the simple shear component with time, consistent with incorporation of new hanging-wall material into the fault zone. Pre-existing lineations were only slowly rotated into coincidence with the mylonitic simple shear direction in the shear bands since they lay close to the simple shear plane, and inherited orientations were not destroyed until large finite strains (<100) were achieved. As the fault rocks were exhumed through the brittle-viscous transition, they experienced localised brittle shear failures. These small-scale seismic events formed friction melts (ie. pseudotachylytes). The volume of pseudotachylyte produced is related to host rock mineralogy (more melt in host rocks containing hydrated minerals), and fabric (more melt in isotropic host rocks). Frictional melting also occurred within cataclastic hosts, indicating the cataclasites around the principal slip surface of the Alpine Fault were produced by multiple episodes of discrete shear rather than distributed cataclastic flow. Pseudotachylytes were also formed in the presence of fluids, suggesting relatively high fault gouge permeabilities were transiently attained, probably during large earthquakes. Frictional melting contributed to formation of phyllosilicate-rich fault gouges, weakening the brittle structure and promoting slip localisation. The location of faulting and pseudotachylyte formation, and the strength of the fault in the brittle regime were strongly influenced by cyclic hydrothermal cementation processes. A thermomechanical model of the central Alpine Fault zone has been defined using the results of this study. The mylonites represent a localised zone of high simple shear strain, embedded in a crustal block that underwent bulk pure shear. The boundaries of the simple shear zone moved into the surrounding material with time. This means that the exhumed sequence does not represent a simple 'time slice' illustrating progressive fault rock development during increasing simple shear strains. The deformation history of the mylonites at deep crustal P-T conditions had a profound influence on subsequent deformation mechanisms and fabric development during exhumation.

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Dempsey, Edward Damien. "The kinematics, rheology, structure and anisotropy of the Alpine schist derived Alpine fault zone mylonites, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539562.

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Bell, Marcus Antony. "The earthquake cycle of the Manyi Fault, Tibet". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669902.

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Shu, Weiwei. "Analogical modelling of frictional slip on faults : implications for induced and triggered seismicity". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH004.

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La rugosité multi-échelle de l'interface d'une faille est à l'origine de multiples aspérités qui établissent un ensemble complexe et discret de contacts réels. Puisque les aspérités contrôlent l'initiation et l'évolution du glissement de la faille, il est important d'explorer les relations intrinsèques entre le comportement collectif des aspérités locales et la stabilité frictionnelle de la faille globale. Nous proposons ici une nouvelle approche expérimentale analogique, qui nous permet de capturer l'évolution temporelle du glissement de chaque aspérité sur une interface de faille. Nous constatons que de nombreux événements déstabilisants à l'échelle de l'aspérité locale se sont produits dans la phase de renforcement du glissement, qui est conventionnellement considérée comme le régime stable d'une faille. Nous calculons le couplage intersismique pour évaluer les comportements de glissement des aspérités pendant la phase de renforcement du glissement. Nous montrons que le couplage intersismique peut être affecté par les interactions élastiques entre les aspérités par l'intermédiaire de la matrice molle encastrée. Les lois d'échelle des événements naturels de glissement lent sont reproduites par notre configuration, en particulier l'échelle moment-durée
The multi-scale roughness of a fault interface is responsible for multiple asperities that establish a complex and discrete set of real contacts. Since asperities control the initiation and evolution of the fault slip, it is important to explore the intrinsic relationships between the collective behavior of local asperities and the frictional stability of the global fault. Here we propose a novel analog experimental approach, which allows us to capture the temporal evolution of the slip of each asperity on a faulting interface. We find that many destabilizing events at the local asperity scale occurred in the slip-strengthening stage which is conventionally considered as the stable regime of a fault. We compute the interseismic coupling to evaluate the slipping behaviors of asperities during the slip-strengthening stage. We evidence that the interseismic coupling can be affected by the elastic interactions between asperities through the embedding soft matrix. Scaling laws of natural slow slip events are reproduced by our setup in particular the moment-duration scaling

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GREFFET, PASCAL MARIE-MADELEINE. "Source sismique et endommagement : etude physique et numerique". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077065.

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On modelise une source sismique par un glissement se produisant sur un plan de faille. On montre l'influence des proprietes mecaniques des materiaux et l'on etudie l'endommagement qui se repentit de facon asymetrique par rapport au plan de faille. La distribution du tenseur du moment sismique montre l'importance des composantes mxx et myy dans les zones les plus eloignees du plan de faille, correspondant a un mode d'ouverture

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Taverna, Joël. "Modélisation mécanique des déformations de la lithosphère". Grenoble 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10084.

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Les objectifs de cette these sont de decrire les mecanismes de deformations de la lithosphere en regime compressif, et le controle impose par les parametres mecaniques sur la maniere dont le raccourcissement horizontal est accommode (par la formation de plis, de chevauchements, ou encore par epaississement homogene). Nous avons etudie la nature des instabilites susceptibles de se developper en utilisant des calculs analytiques bases sur la resolution des equations de navier-stokes ainsi que leur evolution pour des taux de deformation importants a partir de modeles analogiques et de calculs numeriques par la methode des elements finis. Les calculs analytiques ont permis de determiner l'influence des differents parametres mecaniques de la lithosphere sur le developpement d'instabilites. En domaine oceanique, le raccourcissement est essentiellement accommode par la formation de plis affectant l'ensemble de la lithosphere. Les parties fragiles de la lithosphere et les contrastes de densite controlent la croissance des instabilites. Deux series d'experiences analogiques ont ensuite permis de confirmer les resultats precedents et d'etudier l'evolution tridimensionnelle d'instabilites lithospheriques apres l'apparition de la fracturation. En domaine continental, le passe tectonique et les heterogeneites mecaniques qui en resultent joue un role essentiel pour l'initiation des plis. Les heterogeneites initiales peuvent favoriser l'apparition de failles aux depends des plis de grandes longueurs d'onde puis la subsidence des portions de lithosphere ainsi delimitees. Les structures ainsi formees s'apparentent a des bassins compressifs. Leur longueur d'onde reste cependant controlee en partie par celle des plis lithospheriques. Ces resultats ont ete completes par des calculs numeriques bases sur la methode des elements finis. Les plis ne se developpent qu'apres plastification complete des parties fragiles de la lithosphere oceanique ou continentale.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Fault rheology"

Bos, Bart. Faults, fluids and friction: Effect of pressure solution and phyllosilicates on fault slip behaviour, with implications for crustal rheology. [Utrecht]: Faculteit Aardwetenschappen der Universiteit Utrecht, 2000.

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Peter, Bird, e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Neotectonics of Asia: Thin-shell finite-element models with faults. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Fault rheology"

Finzi, Yaron, Elizabeth H. Hearn, Yehuda Ben-Zion e Vladimir Lyakhovsky. "Structural Properties and Deformation Patterns of Evolving Strike-slip Faults: Numerical Simulations Incorporating Damage Rheology". In Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones, 1537–73. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0138-2_2.

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Wu, Patrick. "Postglacial induced surface motion, gravity and fault instability in Laurentia: Evidence for power law rheology in the mantle?" In Ice Sheets, Sea Level and the Dynamic Earth, 219–31. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd029p0219.

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Dragoni, M. "Crustal Deformation Due to Aseismic Slip on Buried Faults". In Glacial Isostasy, Sea-Level and Mantle Rheology, 403–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3374-6_20.

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"Seismic Fault Rheology and Earthquake Dynamics". In Tectonic Faults. The MIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6703.003.0007.

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"Group Report: Rheology of Fault Rocks and Their Surroundings". In Tectonic Faults. The MIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6703.003.0009.

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"Continental Fault Structure and Rheology from the Frictional-to-Viscous Transition Downward". In Tectonic Faults. The MIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6703.003.0008.

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"9. The Strength of the San Andreas Fault: A Discussion". In Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins, 261–83. Columbia University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/karn12738-010.

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"8. Structure of Large-Displacement, Strike-Slip Fault Zones in the Brittle Continental Crust". In Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins, 223–60. Columbia University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/karn12738-009.

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Wilson, Alan J., Nick Lisowiec, Cameron Switzer, Anthony C. Harris, Robert A. Creaser e C. Mark Fanning. "Chapter 11: The Telfer Gold-Copper Deposit, Paterson Province, Western Australia". In Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces, 227–49. Society of Economic Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.23.11.

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Abstract The giant (>20 Moz) Telfer Au-Cu deposit is located in the Paterson Province of Western Australia and is hosted by complexly deformed marine Neoproterozoic metasedimentary siltstones and quartz arenites. The Telfer district also contains magnetite- and ilmenite-series granitoids dated between ca. 645 and 600 Ma and a world-class W skarn deposit associated with the reduced, ~604 Ma O’Callaghans granite. Based on monazite and xenotime U-Pb geochronology, Telfer is estimated to be older than O’Callaghans, forming between 645 and 620 Ma. Au-Cu mineralization at Telfer is hosted in multistage, bedding-parallel quartz-dolomite-pyrite-chalcopyrite reefs and related discordant veins and stockworks of similar composition that were emplaced into two NW-striking doubly plunging anticlines or domes. Mineralization is late orogenic in timing, with hot (≤460°C), saline (<50 wt % NaCl equiv) ore fluids channeled into preexisting domes along a series of shallow, ENE-verging thrust faults and associated fault-propagated fold corridors. A combination of fault-propagated fold corridors acting as fluid conduits below the apex of the Telfer domes and the rheology and chemical contrast between interbedded siltstone and quartz arenite units within the dome are considered key parameters in the formation of the Telfer deposit. Based on the presence of the reduced Au-Cu-W-Bi-Te-Sn-Co-As assemblage, saline and carbonic, high-temperature hydrothermal fluids in Telfer ore, and widespread ilmenite-series granites locally associated with W skarn mineralization, Telfer is considered to be a distal, intrusion-related gold deposit, the high copper content of which may be explained by the predominance of highly saline, magmatic fluids in gangue assemblages cogenetic with ore.

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Davis, George H., Eytan Bos Orent, Christopher Clinkscales, Felipe R. Ferroni, George E. Gehrels, Sarah W. M. George, Katherine A. Guns et al. Structural Analysis and Chronologic Constraints on Progressive Deformation within the Rincon Mountains, Arizona: Implications for Development of Metamorphic Core Complexes. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2023.1222(01).

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ABSTRACT Investigation of exhumed and well-exposed crustal-scale fault zones provides a rare window into the mechanics and timing of a broad range of deformation mechanisms, strain localization, and fault zone behavior. Here, we apply and integrate geo- and thermochronology analytics to carefully described brittle-ductile structural characteristics of the Catalina detachment zone as exposed in the Rincon Mountains domain of the Catalina-Rincon metamorphic core complex. This core complex is an exhumed extensional, broad-scale-normal-slip shear zone near Tucson, Arizona, USA. The Catalina detachment zone, as formulated here, is partitioned into a brittle-ductile fault-rock stratigraphy that evolved through progressive deformation. The Catalina-Rincon Mountains metamorphic core complex is one of the original type localities of Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes in western North America and has a long history of scientific study to document its structural characteristics and decipher its evolution in the context of Mid-Cenozoic extension. In this Memoir, we seek to provide a thorough accounting of the evolution of this shear zone, through integrating and synthesizing decades of previous research with new mapping, structural data, and geochronological analyses. The Catalina detachment zone stratigraphy is made up of the Catalina detachment fault, cataclasite, chloritic protocataclasite (referred to in most core-complex literature as “chlorite breccia”), subdetachment faults, and mylonites. When it was active, this zone accommodated a minimum of ~36 km of top-to-the-SW displacement. Characterizing the progressive evolution of this metamorphic core complex fault-rock stratigraphy requires a detailed accounting of the kinematic and temporal history of the detachment zone. Consequently, we first characterize and describe each structural unit and feature of this crustal-scale fault and shear zone network through the combination of previously published mapping, structural and microfabric analyses and newly collected structural data, thin-section analysis, large-scale mapping, and reinterpretation of stratigraphic and structural relations in the adjacent Tucson Basin. To improve our broad-scale mapping efforts, we employ multispectral analysis, successfully delineating specific fault-rock stratigraphic units at the core-complex scale. We then establish kinematic and absolute timing constraints by integrating results from well-log and seismic reflection data and with new and previously published zircon U-Pb, 40Ar/39Ar, 40K/40Ar geochronological, (U/Th)/He, 4He/3He, and apatite fission track thermochronological analyses. These temporal constraints indicate a deformation sequence that progressed through mylonitization, cataclasis, minidetachment faulting, subdetachment faulting, and detachment faulting. This multidisciplinary investigation reveals that mylonitization occurred in late Oligocene time (ca. 26–22 Ma), coeval with rapid exhumation of the lower plate, and that slip on the Catalina detachment fault ceased by early Miocene, ca. 17 Ma. This temporal framework is consistent with results of our subsurface analysis of stratigraphic and structural relations in the Tucson Basin. Onset of metamorphic core complex deformation in southern Arizona slightly preceded that in central and western Arizona and southeasternmost California. Our compiled data sets suggest a shear-zone evolution model that places special emphasis on the transformation of mylonite to chloritic protocataclasite, and strain localization onto subdetachment, minidetachment, and detachment faults over time. Our model envisions mylonites drawn upward through a fluids-sourced brittle-ductile transition zone marked by elevated fluid pressures. This emphasis draws upon seminal work by Jane Selverstone and Gary Axen in analyzing structural-mechanical evolution in the Whipple Mountains metamorphic core complex. Progressive embrittlement and strength-hardening of the lower-plate rocks are manifest in intensive fracturing and minidetachment faulting, favored by the change in rheology produced by alteration-mineral products. Subdetachment faults, localized by earlier-formed ultramylonite and calc-silicate tectonite, coalesce to produce a proto-detachment fault, which marks the interface between mylonite and chlorite protocataclasite. Linking and smoothing of minidetachment faults within chloritic protocataclasite led to emergence of the Catalina detachment fault proper. All of this, from mylonite formation to final slippage on the detachment fault, kinematically conforms to top-to-the-SW shear. The macro-form of the antiformal-synformal corrugations of the Rincon Mountains began developing while mylonites were forming, continuing to amplify during proto-detachment faulting and detachment faulting. We emphasize and describe with examples how the timing and tectonic significance of mylonitization, cataclasis, and detachment faulting within the Catalina-Rincon metamorphic core complex continues to be hotly debated. Disagreements center today, as they have in the past, on the degree to which the structures and fabrics in the Rincons are Laramide products, mid-Cenozoic products, or some combination of both. In addressing tectonic heritage with respect to the Catalina detachment zone, it is hoped that the proposed model of progressive evolution of the Catalina detachment-zone shear zone will inform other studies of active and ancient metamorphic core complexes around the globe. In this regard, some new transferable emphases and methodologies emerged from this work, above and beyond what are now standard operating procedures for understanding crustal shear zones in general, and metamorphic core complexes particularly. For example, remote multispectral image analysis combined with ground-truth field analysis permitted mapping the full extent of chloritic protocataclasite, one of the best exposures of same globally, which is perhaps the most strategic fault rock in exploring the brittle-ductile transition. The added value of complete map control for chloritic protocataclasite is exploring, at its base in other metamorphic core complexes, for the presence of subdetachment faulting, i.e., proto-detachment faulting that influenced localization of detachment zones proper. Another example is the importance of continuously searching for certain mylonite protolith that yields opportunities for closely constraining timing of mylonitization. In our case, it is the Loma Alta mylonite that, more than any other protolith unit in the Rincon Mountains, permitted ‘locking’ the age of mylonitization as late Oligocene. We hope that insights from this detailed study will inform analyses of similar crustal-scale fault zones, both ancient and modern. Given its ready accessibility compared to most metamorphic core complexes, the Rincon Mountains present opportunities for others to use this contribution as part of the basis for exploiting this natural laboratory in research, teaching, and public science.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Fault rheology"

Singleton, John, Nikki M. Seymour, Skyler Mavor, Rodrigo Gomila, Gert Heuser, Gloria Arancibia e Rachel C. Ruthven. "RHEOLOGY AND STRAIN LOCALIZATION ALONG THE INTRA-ARC ATACAMA FAULT SYSTEM, NORTHERN CHILE". In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-382884.

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McDermott, Robert, Alexis K. Ault, James P. Evans, Kelsey F. Wetzel e Fen-Ann Shen. "SPATIALLY VARIABLE COSEISMIC TEMPERATURE RISE AND TRANSIENT RHEOLOGY ALONG HEMATITE FAULT MIRRORS IN THE WASATCH FAULT ZONE, UTAH, USA". In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369856.

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Song, Won Joon, Bo Ra Song, Scott E. Johnson e Christopher C. Gerbi. "FAULT-ADJACENT DAMAGE AT THE BASE OF THE SEISMOGENIC ZONE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CRUSTAL RHEOLOGY". In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328698.

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Fitzgerald, Paul G., Jeffrey A. Benowitz, Kenneth D. Ridgway, Thomas S. Warfel e Wai K. Allen. "THE ROLE OF TERRANE RHEOLOGY VS FAULT GEOMETRY FOR MOUNTAIN FORMATION AND EXHUMATION ALONG THE DENALI FAULT OF SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA". In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-305797.

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Sarkar (Mondal), Seema, e Piu Kundu. "Creeping effect of a buried, inclined, finite strike-slip fault in visco-elastic medium of Burger’s Rheology". In 2nd EAGE Conference on Reservoir Geoscience. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201977050.

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Fitzgerald, Paul G., Thomas S. Warfel, Jeffrey A. Benowitz, Kenneth D. Ridgway, Wai K. Allen, Robert J. Gillis e Paul B. O'Sullivan. "EXHUMATION WEST OF THE EASTERN DENALI FAULT–TOTSCHUNDA FAULT “FREEWAY JUNCTION” IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA: TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS ADDRESSING THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TERRANE RHEOLOGY VS FAULT GEOMETRY". In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338481.

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Salem, A. C., K. E. Karlstrom, M. L. Williams e D. Koning. "INSIGHTS FROM RECENT MAPPING IN THE OJO CALIENTE AND LA MADERA QUADRANGLES, TUSAS MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO; KINEMATICS, TIMING, AND RHEOLOGY OF PROTEROZOIC DEFORMATION AND FAULT REACTIVATION". In 2007 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2007.2701.

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Borges Filho, Moacyr Nogueira, Thalles Pereira Mello, Cláudia Miriam Scheid, Luís Américo Calçada, Alex Tadeu Waldman, Gleber Teixeira e André Leibsohn Martins. "Real-Time Anomaly Detection Methodology for Drilling Fluids Properties". In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212443-ms.

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Abstract Online drilling fluid measurement technologies are popping up in the industry as an essential tool for drilling automation, while online density measurements are widespread, the availability of rheology measurements is increasing fast and additional properties (o/w ratio, solids content, electrical stability, filtration, etc) appear as field trials. This article presents the concept of a supervisory/ advisory systems dedicated to support the detection of abnormal events and to provide guidelines for fluid treatment actions. The proposed methodology consisted of two stages: experimental data acquisition in a flow loop and data processing for the validation of the algorithm. In the data acquisition stage, multiple properties of the drilling fluids were continuously measured by using automatic sensors. In the second stage, the drilling fluid's properties were processed in a fault detection algorithm. The algorithm used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to train the process model through the calculation of the principal components of the steady state of the fluid, which represents the healthy state of the drilling fluid. Once the process was trained, the algorithm monitored new data samples obtained in the data acquisition stage and compared them to the trained model by calculation of the mean square prediction error (MSPE) of the model and the T² of Hoteling. Persistent changes in MSPE and T² values indicated that an anomaly was occurring in the drilling fluid. The new methodology was validated based on the data obtained in a flow loop where fluid properties were monitored using online sensor under different operational conditions. The algorithm was able to detect faults and anomalies in the drilling fluid even identifying the source of the anomalies through the decomposition of the MSPE and T² statistics. The proposed algorithm performed well in real-time conditions, pointing out that it can be used as a diagnostic tool in-field oil well drilling operations.

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Sullivan, Walter A. "RHEOLOGIC EVOLUTION OF A CRUSTAL-SCALE STRIKE-SLIP FAULT ZONE: A CASE STUDY OF THE KELLYLAND FAULT ZONE IN EASTERN MAINE". In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328268.

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Benberber, Mohammed Rebbou, Omar Nazih, Adelson Jose Calleia de Barros, Ahmed Abdelrahim Almaazmi, Alexandre Bezerra De Melo, Mohamed Ahmed AbdelSattar, Michelle Carine Santos Rocha et al. "Innovative Approach for Lost Circulation Treatment in Surface Hole Across Naturally Fractured Limestone Formations Offshore UAE". In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211526-ms.

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Abstract Drilling experience in the surface hole shows consistent challenges associated with hole instability in UER and Simsima carbonate formations due to the presence of a wide range of vuggy structures, natural fractures, faults, and Aquifer flow resulting in a total loss and flow scenario. The main challenge while drilling across surface sections in UAE offshore fields is the total loss of returns. Typically, when drilling from the Jack Ups, wells are drilled with seawater and high viscosity sweeps once total losses have been encountered due to surface fluid handling problems. This results in poor hole cleaning, hole instability and risk of stuck pipes. Additionally, once the Simsima is penetrated below the UER while drilling with seawater, it has sufficient aquifer pressure to flow to the surface. The future development of a subject reservoir dictates drilling horizontal drains in shallow un-developed reservoirs. To achieve this goal from a limited number of offshore platforms, it’s required to increase the inclination in the surface hole to +/- 50° to 60° to reach high departure targets. Multiple attempts were made to drill such a profile and the instability in the bottom UER and Top Simsima has caused the hole to collapse on the BHA resulting in multiple sidetracks till the well inclination was dropped to manage completing the section. Attempts to cure the losses in the UER to date have been unsuccessful. Conventional extended cement slurries have been widely used to cure losses while drilling but with low effectiveness. This paper demonstrates a new lost circulation solution that combines: an LCM swelling polymer that hydrates and helps reduce flow velocity into the formation, followed by a lightweight thixotropic blend with shear-rate rheology-dependent properties. Thus, it enables plugging of large voids and fractures to deliver the wellbore integrity and proper hole cleaning required to drill high inclination surface holes, which prevents stuck pipe incidents. The deployment of these two combined loss circulation technologies has been proven before to be very efficient to cure losses across similar aquifers in the nearest fields. The very same combination referred to in previous studies was chosen to be evaluated in these fields, considering, and leveraging all the lessons learned and good practices applied in the previous jobs performed in similar formations in the UAE. The new proposed well design will achieve a reduction in well construction time and cost for the client, enabling a reduction in the overall AFE. This enabled the introduction of new technologies which improved performance. The drilling design consideration process in this paper can be used to provide valuable insight into future projects where a complex technical study in advance is the key to success.

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