Tesi sul tema "Faisceaux de particules – Modèles mathématiques"
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Guiberteau, Emmanuel. "Modélisation d'une décharge DC pulsée dans l'azote : simulations numériques à l'aide d'un code couplant la dynamique des particules chargées à celle du gaz neutre : comparaisons avec l'expérience". Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0291_GUIBERTEAU.pdf.
Testo completoThis work deals the modeling of a dc pulsed diode type discharge used for iron and steel nitriding. The present research aimed at a better understanding of the processes occuring in such plasmas in order to attain an optimization of the surface treatment process. In a first stage we adapted an existing electrical modeling to the experimental results obtained from electrostatic probe and emission spectroscopy measurements. These preliminary results showed a roughly good agreement between the modeling and the experiment and pointed out the limits of this simulation. Two improvements have thus been made to this basic model: a better description of the electron population using a monoenergetic electron beam ; a coupling with a modeling of the neutral gas dynamics. The first improvement led to a better description of the various regions of the discharge (in particular the negative glow) and to get an excellent agreement between numerical and experimental results in the case of short duration impulse discharges. The second improvement showed the importance and the need for taking into account the heating of neutral gas in the case of discharge on-time greater than a few hundreds of microseconds
Crestetto, Anaïs. "Optimisation de méthodes numériques pour la physique des plasmas : application aux faisceaux de particules chargées". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735569.
Testo completoGueroult, Renaud. "Étude d'une source d'ions obtenue par extraction et accélération à partir d'une source plasma filaire". Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/64/68/21/PDF/these.pdf.
Testo completoIn this study we first model a DC low pressure wire plasma source and then characterize the properties of an ion gun derived from the plasma source. In order to study the properties of the derived ion gun, we develop a particle-in-cell code fitted to the modelling of the wire plasma source operation, and validate it by confrontation with the results of an experimental study. In light of the simulation results, an analysis of the wire discharge in terms of a collisional Child-Langmuir ion flow in cylindrical geometry is proposed. We interpret the mode transition as a natural reorganisation of the discharge when the current is increased above a threshold value which is a function of the discharge voltage, the pressure and the inter-electrodes distance. In addition, the analysis of the energy distribution function of ions impacting the cathode demonstrates the ability to extract an ion beam of low energy spread around the discharge voltage assuming that the discharge is operated in its high pressure mode. An ion source prototype allowing the extraction and acceleration of ions from the wire source is then proposed. The experimental study of such a device confirms that, apart from a shift corresponding to the accelerating voltage, the acceleration scheme does not spread the ion velocity distribution function along the axis of the beam. It is therefore possible to produce tunable energy (0-5 keV) ion beams of various ionic species presenting limited energy dispersion (~ 10 eV). The typical beam currents are about a few tens of micro-amperes, and the divergence of such a beam is on the order of one degree. A numerical modelling of the ion source is eventually conducted in order to identify potential optimizations of the concept
Michaud, Julien. "Effet des déflecteurs électrostatiques et des champs de fuite associés sur la cohérence de spin pour la mesure du moment électrique dipolaire du proton sur anneau de stockage". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY031.
Testo completoParticle accelerators are one of the most efficient ways to study matter andelementary particles, as proved by the recent discovery of the Higgs Bosonon the Large Hadron Collider.The JEDI collaboration propose to measurethe value of the proton electric dipole moment (EDM) with a precision of〖10〗^(-29) e.cm using a storage ring.A measurement of such a value of EDM, above the extremely small predictionof Standard Model would lead to new physics, by adding an additionalsource of CP violation. The CP violation is one of the three conditionsnecessary to explain the un-understanded asymetry between matter andantimatter in the universe.In order to achieve this 〖10〗^(-29)e.cm precision, one need to store the measuredparticles for many seconds in an electric field : a storage ring appearsas an ideal solution for charged particles. One of the main issues consistsin keeping the beam spin-coherent during the whole duration of the measurement.An excellent control of systematics and understanding of thespin dynamics to perform this measurement are mandatory.The electrostatic deflectors used in the experiment to provide both bendingand EDM-induced spin precession could lead to systematic errors andspin decoherence. The internal part of the deflectors and especially theirfringe fields need to be understand, in terms of trajectories and spin dynamics.This thesis provide models for fields, trajectories, spin dynamics and alsoresults about the spin decoherence induced by the deflectors.The first part is dedicated to the context around EDM measurements,and will then focus on the storage ring method. Also a first approach tothe spin precession equation and spin coherence time will be done, and theproblematic about the electrostatic deflectors exposed.The second part describes in details the analytic or semi-analytic modelswe developed. The first model describes the electric fringe field of thedeflector, using conformal mapping.This model takes into account boundary conditions like the vacuum chamberor a diaphragm and propose universal formulas as a function of theratio between gap and radius. The second model concerns trajectories inthe deflector and the fringe fields.It is using an Hamiltonian integration, variation of parameters and quadratureformulas to integrate the previously found field. This is done at thesecond order.The last model is about spin dynamics and allows the user to compute thespin total precession in the deflector or the fringe fields by using a list ofintegrals of the field. The final spin transfer solution is a function of theinitial conditions (x,px,y,py,dz,_P/P) at the second order.The last part shows the implementation on BMAD and the differenteffects of deflectors/fringe fields on the spin coherence time
Gueroult, Renaud. "Étude d'une source d'ions obtenue par extraction et accélération à partir d'une source plasma filaire". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00646821.
Testo completoGoutierre, Emmanuel. "Machine learning-based particle accelerator modeling". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG106.
Testo completoParticle accelerators rely on high-precision simulations to optimize beam dynamics. These simulations are computationally expensive, making real-time analysis impractical. This thesis seeks to address this limitation by exploring the potential of machine learning to develop surrogate models for particle accelerator simulations. The focus is on ThomX, a compact Compton source, where two surrogate models are introduced: LinacNet and Implicit Neural ODE (INODE). These models are trained on a comprehensive database developed in this thesis that captures a wide range of operating conditions to ensure robustness and generalizability. LinacNet provides a comprehensive representation of the particle cloud by predicting all coordinates of the macro-particles, rather than focusing solely on beam observables. This detailed modeling, coupled with a sequential approach that accounts for cumulative particle dynamics throughout the accelerator, ensures consistency and enhances model interpretability. INODE, based on the Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (NODE) framework, seeks to learn the implicit governing dynamics of particle systems without the need for explicit ODE solving during training. Unlike traditional NODEs, which struggle with discontinuities, INODE is theoretically designed to handle them more effectively. Together, LinacNet and INODE serve as surrogate models for ThomX, demonstrating their ability to approximate particle dynamics. This work lays the groundwork for developing and improving the reliability of machine learning-based models in accelerator physics
Vireton, Eric. "Contribution à la modélisation de la pulvérisation par faisceaux d'ions". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10132.
Testo completoFoudhil, Hadjira. "Développement d'un modèle numérique de dispersion atmosphérique de particules à l'échelle d'un paysage hétérogène". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12525.
Testo completoDénes, Bejat Tímea. "Contribution expérimentale et numérique à l'étude du dépôt des particules fines dans les cavités ventilés". La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS214.
Testo completoOur contribution to particle pollution studies brings at the same time an experimental and a numerical complement to the existing knowledge on indoor air quality in buildings. At the beginning we made a state of art of previous studies on fine particle dispersion and deposition in ventilated cavities. Our experimental studies were dedicated to carrying out measurements on particle deposition in two test chambers in 1 to 4 size scale relation. Our contribution highlighted the dispersion of bibliographic results and the comparison difficulty between results coming from different scale chambers. In each case, we studied simultaneously the particle deposition in function of ventilation strategy and of air change rate. During a more detailed numerical analysis, first we determined the fluid flow pattern and then particle dispersion and deposition in the ventilated cavity. At the beginning we used a Lagrangian numerical code developed in our laboratory where we integrated Brownian diffusion effects, but this approach becomes rapidly too expensive thus ineffective for simulations concerning particles smaller than 0. 5 µm diameter. For this reason we tested an Eulerian approach which seemed to be more adapted for submicron sized particles. In fact, the calculated values in comparison with measured ones prove a better performance of the Eulerian method for this particle size interval
Angilella, Jean-Régis. "Étude asymptotique et numérique de la modification de la turbulence par des particules inertielles". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT124H.
Testo completoLanchier, Nicolas. "Systèmes de particules multicolores". Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES019.
Testo completoMost mathematical models in the biological literature that describe inherently spatial phenomena of interacting populations consist of systems of ordinary differential equations obtained under global dispersion assumptions, thus leaving out any spatial structure. Interacting particle systems are Markov processes with state space FS where F is a finite set of colors and where S is a spatial structure, typically Zd. They are ideally suited to study the consequences of the inclusion of a spatial structure in the form of local interactions. We investigate the mathematical properties (stationary distribution, geometry of the configurations, phase transitions) of various multicolour particle systems defined on Zd. Each of these systems is intended to model local interactions within a spatially structured community of populations. More precisely, the biological processes we investigate are ecological succession, allelopathy or competition between an inhibitory species and a susceptible species, multi-species host-symbiont interactions, and persistent gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives through pollination in a heterogeneous environment. The mathematical techniques are probabilistic, including coupling, duality, multiscales arguments, oriented percolation, asymptotic properties of random walks, and large deviations estimates
Lesur, Maxime. "The Berk-Breizman Model as a Paradigm for Energetic Particle-driven Alfvén Eigenmodes". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563110.
Testo completoThill, Antoine. "Agrégation des particules : structure, dynamique et simulation : application au cas d'un écoulement stratifié : l'estuaire du Rhône". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109390.
Testo completoEn effet, afin de mener à bien cette étude, il a fallu développer de façon préliminaire différents outils. On a ainsi mis au point deux nouvelles méthodes de mesure expérimentale de la structure des agrégats qui échappent aux techniques existantes. Ces méthodes permettent, outre une meilleure connaissance du système, de développer et de valider un nouveau modèle de la cinétique de croissance des agrégats. Ce modèle numérique prend en compte la dimension fractale des agrégats ainsi que sa variabilité. Il est validé par confrontation à des données issues de la bibliographie et l'expériences.
Une étude de terrain dans l'estuaire du grand Rhône est menée dans des conditions hydrodynamiques contrastées (étiage, débit moyen et crue). Elle a permis d'obtenir, pour la première fois, une série de mesures de tailles de particules tout au long de la zone de mélange. Il est établi que les particules les plus grosses (supérieures à 5 microns) présentent une évolution contrôlée par la dilution, la sédimentation et
éventuellement la remise en suspension. Par contre, les particules plus petites (2 à 5 microns) montrent une augmentation de leur concentration le long de la zone de mélange. Dans les premiers temps du mélange, cette augmentation est liée à la fragmentation d'agrégats. Il est possible de montrer ensuite i) que l'agrégation des colloïdes ne peut expliquer cette augmentation que si ceux ci ne réagissent pas avec les fractions de tailles supérieures et présentent une réactivité très supérieure à la réactivité moyenne (alpha : 0.009) et ii) que la production primaire est un mécanisme probable pour expliquer cette augmentation.
Tannous, Katia. "Contribution à l'étude hydrodynamique des lits fluidisés de grosses particules". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT065G.
Testo completoBen, Abdallah Naoufel. "Etude de modèles asymptotiques de transport de particules chargées : asymptotique de Child-Langmuir". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0003.
Testo completoBacaud, Léonard. "Étude des méthodes de faisceaux pour la résolution de problèmes de grande taille issus de la gestion optimisée de la production d'électricité". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010036.
Testo completoLuu, Trung Kien. "Approche par changement d'échelle des caractéristiques rhéologiques d'une suspension de particules dans un fluide à seuil". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005508.
Testo completoBelhadji, Lamia. "Systèmes à une infinité de particules en interaction et modèles d'épidémies". Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES016.
Testo completoIn this thesis we consider two approaches to study the spread of infectious diseases within a apatially structured population distributed in social clusters. Each site of the d-dimensional integer lattice Zd is occupied by a cluster of individuals, each indidual is healthy or infected. According wether we consider only the population of infected individuals or both populations of infected and healthy, several models are given to study the epidemic phenomena. Our first approach is the derivation of hydrodynamics units : going from the microscopic level to the macroscopic one, it relies on a rescaling of space and time. By using the relative entropy method we prove that the empirical measures converge to a deterministic measure. Our second approach is at microscopic level ; its goal is to determine the existence of non trivial stationary measures
Colombel, Emilie. "Cristallisation et agglomération de particules d'hydrate de fréon dans une émulsion eau dans huile. Etude expérimentale et modélisation". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00372517.
Testo completoThis work deals with the problem of pipeline blockage by gas hydrates during oil production. Gas hydrates are crystals resulting from water and gas molecules association under high pressure and low temperature conditions. Such thermodynamical conditions are generally encountered in oil production, particularly for deep offshore fields or cold areas. Due to agglomeration process, hydrate occurrence leads to plug formation. The main objective of this study is to improve our understanding in the mecanisms involved in the agglomeration process, particularly for water in oil emulsions. Results have allowed us to supply a theorical model of agglomeration. A model system of Ice and Freon hydrates dispersed in xylene with asphaltenes as surfactant is used. As Freon hydrates form under atmospheric pressure at low temperature, it allows us to apply different techniques without being limited by pressure conditions. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique is mainly used. It makes the measurement of the ratio between solid hydrogene or fluorine in ice or hydrate and total hydrogen or fluorine in the sample possible - enabling to know the quantity of formed ice or hydrates. Thus, a kinetic study is realized, enabled to know the quantity of ice and hydrate formed. To complete this work, optical microscopy with cooling cell is used to get direct observations of agglomeration. The rheometry technique is also used. It enables us to study the evolution of the apparent viscosity of the system during ice or hydrate formation and plugging. These techniques can also be applied to study real systems like methane hydrates in crude oils under field conditions. Moreover, an interpretation, which couples rheology, crystallisation and agglomeration, is studied and leads to a model
Ribière-Tharaud, Nicolas. "Amélioration des méthodes de qualification des véhicules automobiles en CEM : applications aux faisceaux de câbles". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112213.
Testo completoQuittau, François. "Vers un comportement de synthèse de particules cohésives par une approche de nanomécanique". Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0035.
Testo completoNagy, Katalin. "Limites hydrodynamiques et fluctuations à l'équilibre pour des systèmes de particules en interaction". Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090011.
Testo completoThis thesis concerns three different models of interacting particle systems. In the first part of the thesis we give an elementary proof of the central limit theorem for one dimensional symmetric random walk in random environment and we derive the hydrodynamic limit of the symmetric simple exclusion in random environment. In the second part we investigate a hyperbolic and non-attractive lattice-gas model. By means of the method of compensated compactness, logarithmic Sobolev inequalities and the Lax entropy inequality we prove existence and uniqueness of the hydrodynamic limit even in the regime of shocks. In the third part of the thesis we consider a system of harmonic oscillators with multiplicative noise. We show that the equilibrium fluctuations of the conserved fields (energy and deformation) at a diffusive scaling are described by a couple of generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes
Jouon, Aymeric. "Hydrodynamique et transport de particules en suspension dans le lagon Sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie". Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0010.
Testo completoThis thesis participates to a study that has been lead for several vears by IRD which aims increased knowledge of hydrodynamics and transport of dissolved substances and particles on the South-west Lagoon of New Caledonia (SLNC). This work stands on field measurements and numerical modelling. The first step of this thesis is an attempt to Synthesise the great amount of data produced by a numerical hydrodynamic model (MARS3D). Indexes having the dimension of time and related to the renewal of water masse Mere computed from numerical Tools applied to the In drodynamic model. The computation methods, the significance and the application of these indexes to the Southwest Lagoon of New-Caledonia (SLNC) are exposed. Examples of application of these indexes aiming to quantity the influence of hydrodynamics on biological processes are shown. Out of flooding periods, the re-suspension of freshly deposited sediments is the main source of suspended particles! on the SLNC. The combined actions of waves and currents induce a bottom shear stress that is responsible for particle re-suspension. In order to access the wave field characteristics, a wave model (WavewatchlII) was implemented over the SLNC. It was \alidated by in situ directional measurements of the wave field. The last part of this thesis focuses on the determination of physical properties of suspended particles such as particle si/e distributions, density, and fall velocit), are compulsory to model particle transport. I his work stands on in situ measurements and laboratory experiences performed with laser particle si/e anal\ser. Results emphasis the importance of bio-aggregation in a coral reef ecosystem
Compère, Fabrice. "Transport et rétention de particules argileuses en milieu poreux saturé : approches expérimentales et numériques". Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2301.
Testo completoGareau, Alain. "Utilisation des systèmes de particules pour la simulation de phénomènes naturels : présentation d'une architecture permettant l'intégration de systèmes animés hétérogènes". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10089.
Testo completoBelkhelfa, Yazid. "Etude du comportement dynamique et du transfert de matière et de chaleur entre des particules sphériques et un écoulement laminaire ou turbulent". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rouen, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0013.
Testo completoThe characterization of flow, mass and heat transfer during moving droplets of diameter inferior to the millimetre makes the object of our study. In the first part, we present the theoretical and experimental knowledge. In the second part, we studied the evaporation of a free falling droplet in the air. In the third part, we make a simulation of the interaction between the spherical particles in laminar flow. This model takes into account the nature of the particle, the Reynolds number and the separation distance. In the last part, we study the dispersion of droplets in a homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow
Thiam, Ngueye. "Simulation des ondes lumineuses par une combinaison de la méthode de propagation par faisceaux et d'une discrétisation par éléments finis". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23711/23711.pdf.
Testo completoBoichot, Raphael. "Filtration des particules issues des moteurs Diesel par matrices fibreuses plongées dans un champ électrique". Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS008.
Testo completoThe filtration of diesel particulate matter is a major industrial and environmental stake, since the discovery of carcinogenic effects of this kind of particles and the advent of Euro IV (2005) and Euro V (2008-2010) regulations. The aim of this study is to point out the industrial practicability of filtration of this particles by a fibrous media immersed in an electric field. The global shape of this process is a wire-to-cylinder electrostatic precipitator with an porous earth collecting electrode, the whole flow passing through it. It was shown that this process is essentially an agglomerator and not a filter, and that it allows an increase by 50 of the mean diameter of particles. The process, by its completely new and original shape, allows to work with only several millisecondes of residence time. The energetic intensity is so important that the whole volume is compatible with an installation on vehicles. On a technical point of view, the efficiency of this electrostatic agglomerator depends only little on the fibrous matrices or high voltage electrodes used. It is in return very influenced by the quality of electric insulation by ceramic plugs between the canning and high voltage electrodes, and by the discharge polarity. During the last tests with a very optimised agglomerator, we obtain a decrease of 90% in number of the submicronic particulate matter (on a NEDC cycle), with a fuel over-consumption of less than 1%, which corresponds to an "volumic energy” of about 1 Joule per litre. A mathematical model of agglomerator was constructed during this study, integrating the last recent improvements in numeric simulation of Maxwell's equations in presence of space charge, integrating the particle turbulence and taking into account the fractal dimension of diesel aerosol particles. The process is nowadays in an advanced industrialisation stage
Levent, Emmanuel. "Modélisation de faisceaux ultrasonores en milieux anisotropes par décomposition en ondes planes". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1093.
Testo completoZarrouk, Ziad Ben Mohamed. "Etude de la transition solide-liquide au sein d'un fluide thixotrope". Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Zarrouk-Ben-Mohamed-Ziad/2010-Zarrouk-Ben-Mohamed-Ziad-These.pdf.
Testo completoWe have studied the behaviour of thixotropic fluids : especially the suspension of laponite. The study of the local level of this suspension, with the help of PIV technique, which allows to better understanding how the organisation of suspension structure when the fluid starts to flow. The study of the validation and the good response of the developed model are achieved by a comparative study between the existing model of Herschel-Bulkley and the measuring of velocity fields. In the case of studied geometry “coaxial disks”, the PIV experimental measuring allows us to identify the existence of two distinct layers when the fluid flows. Indeed, we have observed that the first layer is near to the rotating disc where the fluid is motionless and takes the form of a cone which corresponds to a region near the bottom of the cylinder. The use of commercial CFD code Star-CD has enabled us to highlight the limitations of the model of Herschel-Bulkley in relation to the experimental results. These results were used as reference for comparison with the model of dual kinetic behaviour developed in this work. It was shown that the behaviour of the latter model presents a better matching with the actual behaviour of the flowing suspension although some problems still remain
Sid-Ali, Ahmed. "Un processus empirique à valeurs mesures pour un système de particules en interaction appliqué aux réseaux complexes". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33730.
Testo completoOn propose dans cette thèse une modélisation des réseaux sociaux par des processus aléatoires à valeurs mesures. Notre démarche se base sur une approche par espace latent. Cette dernière a été utilisée dans la littérature dans le but de décrire des interactions non-observées ou latentes dans la dynamique des réseaux complexes. On caractérise les individus du réseau par des mesures de Dirac représentant leurs positions dans l’espace latent. On obtient ainsi une caractérisation du réseau en temps continu par un processus de Markov à valeurs mesures écrit comme la somme des mesures de Dirac représentant les individus. On associe au réseau trois événements aléatoires simples décrivant les arrivées et les départs d’individus suivant des horloges exponentielles en associant chaque événement à une mesure aléatoire de Poisson. Cette thèse est composée essentiellement d’un premier chapitre réservé à l’état de l’art de la littérature de la modélisation des réseaux complexes suivi d’un second chapitre introductif aux processus aléatoires à valeurs mesures. Le 3-ème et 4-ème chapitres sont constitués de deux articles co-écrits avec mon directeur de thèse, Khader Khadraoui, et sont soumis pour publication dans des journaux. Le premier article, inclus dans le chapitre 3, se compose essentiellement de la description détaillée du modèle proposé ainsi que d’une procédure de Monte Carlo permettant de générer aléatoirement des réalisations du modèle, suivi d’une analyse des propriétés théoriques du processus aléatoire à valeurs mesures sous-jacent. On explicitera notamment le générateur infinitésimal du processus de Markov qui caractérise le réseau. On s’intéressera également aux propriétés de survie et d’extinction du réseau puis on proposera une analyse asymptotique dans laquelle on démontrera, en utilisant des techniques de renormalisation, la convergence faible du processus vers une mesure déterministe solution d’un système intégro-différentiel. On terminera l’article par une étude numérique démontrant par des simulations les principales propriétés obtenues avec notre modèle. Dans le second article, inclus dans le chapitre 4, on reformule notre modèle du point de vue des graphes géométriques aléatoires. Une introduction aux graphes géométriques aléatoires est d’ailleurs proposée au chapitre 1 de cette thèse. Le but de notre démarche est d’étudier les propriétés de connectivité du réseau. Ces problématiques sont largement étudiées dans la littérature des graphes géométriques aléatoires et représentent un intérêt théorique et pratique considérable. L’idée proposée est de considérer notre modèle comme un graphe géométrique aléatoire où l’espace latent représente l’espace sous-jacent et la distribution sous-jacente est celle donnée par le processus génératif du réseau. À partir de là, la question de la connectivité du graphe se pose naturellement. En particulier, on s’intéressera à la distribution des sommets isolés, i.e. d’avoir des membres sans connexion dans le réseau. Pour cela, on pose l’hypothèse supplémentaire que chaque individu dans le graphe peut être actif ou non actif suivant une loi de Bernoulli. On démontrera alors que pour certaines valeurs du seuil de connectivité, le nombre d’individus isolés suit asymptotiquement une loi de Poisson. Aussi, la question de la détection de communautés (clustering) dans leréseau est traitée en fonction du seuil de connectivité établi. Nous terminons cette thèse par une conclusion dans laquelle on discute de la pertinence des approches proposées ainsi que des perspectives que peut offrir notre démarche. En particulier, on donne des éléments permettant de généraliser notre démarche à une classe plus large de réseaux complexes.La fin du document est consacrée aux références bibliographiques utilisées tout au long de ce travail ainsi qu’à des annexes dans lesquelles le lecteur pourra trouver des rappels utiles.
This thesis concerns the stochastic modelling of complex networks. In particular, weintroduce a new social network model based on a measure-valued stochastic processes. Individuals in the network are characterized by Dirac measures representing their positions in a virtual latent space of affinities. A continuous time network characterizationis obtained by defining an atomic measure-valued Markov process as the sum of some Dirac measures. We endow the network with a basic dynamic describing the random events of arrivals and departures following Poisson point measures. This thesis is essentially consists of a first introductory chapter to the studied problems of complex networks modelling followed by a second chapter where we present an introduction to the theory of measure-valued stochastic processes. The chapters 3 and 4 are essentially composed of two articles co-written with my thesis advisor, Khader Khadraoui and submitted to journals for publication. The first article, included in chapter 3, mainly concerns the detailed description of the proposed model and a Monte Carlo procedure allowing one to generate synthetic networks. Moreover, analysis of the principal theoretical properties of the models is proposed. In particular, the infinitesimal generator of the Markov process which characterizes the network is established. We also study the survival and extinction properties of the network. Therefore, we propose an asymptotic analysis in which we demonstrate, using a renormalization technique, the weak convergence of the network process towards a deterministic measure solution of an integro-differential system. The article is completed by a numerical study. In the second article, included in chapter 4, we reformulate our model from the point of view of random geometric graphs. An introduction to random geometric graphs framework is proposed in chapter 1. The purpose of our approach is to study the connectivity properties of the network. These issues are widely studied in the literature of random geometric graphs and represent a considerable theoretical and practical interest. The proposed idea is to consider the model as a random geometric graph where the latent space represents the underlying space and the underlying distribution is given by the generative process of the network. Therefore, the question of the connectivity of the graph arises naturally. In particular, we focus on the distribution of isolated vertices, i.e. the members with no connections in the network. To this end, we make the additional hypothesis that each individual in the network can be active or not according to a Bernoulli distribution. We then show that for some values of the connectivity threshold, the number of isolated individuals follows a Poisson distribution. In addition, the question of clustering in the network is discussed and illustrated numerically. We conclude this thesis with a conclusion and perspectives chapter in which we discuss the relevance of the proposed approaches as well as the offered perspectives.The end of the thesis is devoted to the bibliographical references used throughout this work as well as appendices in which the reader can find useful reminders.
Barraquand, Guillaume. "Quelques modèles intégrables dans la classe d'universalité KPZ". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC242.
Testo completoThis thesis is about exactly solvable stochastic models in the KPZ universality class. The first chapter provides an overview of the recent methods designed to study such systems. We also present the different works which constitute this thesis, leaving aside the technical details, but rather focusing on the interpretation of the results and the general methods that we use. The three next chapters each correspond to an article published or submitted for publication. The first chapter is an asymptotic study of the q-TASEP interacting particle system, when the system is perturbed by a few slower particles. We show that the system obeys to the same limit theorem as TASEP, and one observes the so-called BBP transition. The second chapter, based on a work in collaboration with Ivan Corwin, introduces new exactly solvable exclusion processes. We verify the predictions from KPZ scaling theory, and we also study the less universal behaviour of the first particle. The third chapter corresponds to a second work in collaboration with Ivan Corwin. We introduce a random walk in random environment, which turns out to be exactly solvable. We prove that the second order correction to the large deviation principle is Tracy-Widom distributed on a cube root scale. We give a probabilistic interpretation of this limit theorem, and show that the result also propagates at zero-temperature
Lefrançois, Julie. "Optimisation du rendement d'une turbine multi-ailes à l'aide d'une méthode lagrangienne par particules vortex". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25539/25539.pdf.
Testo completoDuval, Fabien. "Modélisation du renoyage d'un lit de particules : contribution à l'estimation des propriétés de transport macroscopiques". Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT023H.
Testo completoFortin, Pierre Yves. "Modèle vectoriel d'ondes couplées pour les processus non linéaires d'interaction photonique dans les milieux anisotropes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26920/26920.pdf.
Testo completoGaertig-Stahl, Alice. "Modèles probabilistes de feux de forêt sur des graphes infinis". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1884/.
Testo completoThis work is concerned with a probabilistic study of forest-fire models. The models studied here were introduced in the context of self-organized criticality at the end of the eighties. These models are systems of particles, the trees, defined on connected graphs. Their evolution is governed by two families of Poisson processes, one for the growth of trees, the other one for the ignition of trees by lightning. The influence of lightning is characterized by a parameter lambda > 0. These models were widely studied on Z. However, only the existence and uniqueness of more general infinitevolume forest-fire processes have been proven yet. In this thesis, we studied forest-fire models on Zd for d > 2 and on binary trees, in two directions. The first one is concerned with the existence of stationary measures. The second one is concerned with the study of these processes when the parameter lambda tends to zero. In the first part, we will show the existence of at least one stationary measure for forest-fire processes on Zd, d > 2, for all parameters lambda > 0. The forest-fire processes are Markov processes but not Feller processes, so the usual arguments cannot be used here. Moreover, the geometry of Zd does not allow using the same arguments as for Z. Tools developed while studying these processes on Zd will be used here. In the second part, we will study the behavior of the forest-fire processes on binary trees when the parameter lambda tends to zero. We will begin with the study of a model without any fires, in order to understand better how the clusters of trees grow. We will show a convergence in law of the number of sites of a set construct from a ball of radius and the intersecting clusters, after a time tn > 0, for processes rescaled in space and time. Then, we will add fires and define a modified forest-fire model. In this new model, apart from the cluster of the origin, the clusters evolve under a stationary measure which we expect at the limit in lambda, and not under the dynamic of the initial forest-fire model. For this model, we will show a convergence in law of the rescaled size of the cluster of the origin when it burns for the first time
Majidi, Behzad. "Discrete Element Method Applied To The Vibration Process Of Coke Particles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29386/29386.pdf.
Testo completoPhysical, mechanical and chemical properties of raw materials have considerable effects on quality of carbon anodes for aluminium smelting process. The present work attempts to investigate the feasibility of application of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations in anode production technology. Effects of coke particles shape and size distribution on vibrated bulk density (VBD) of dry coke samples are studied. Coke particles are digitized using two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging techniques and real-shape particles are used in DEM models of VBD test in Particle Flow Code (PFC). Internal friction coefficient of coke particles were estimated by means of angle of repose tests. Results showed that, as expected, VBD of coke samples is affected by shape and size distribution of the particles. Two-dimensional simulations confirmed that in general, mixed-sized samples have higher VBD than mono-sized cokes and as the fraction of coarse particles increases vibrated bulk density increases. However, existence of 10 wt.% of fine particles to fill the pores between coarse particles is essential. For 3D simulations also, the model follows the trend of experimental data showing that in the container of 2.9 mm diameter, as the content of -4+6 mesh (3.36-4.76 mm) particles increase, VBD increases. It can be concluded that a well-tailored DEM model is capable of predicting the particle rearrangement and density evolution during the vibration process.
Rousseaux, Jean-Marc. "Conception, mise en oeuvre et modélisation de réacteurs pour la précipitation de particules à propriétés contrôlées : application à la pseudo-boehmite". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL014N.
Testo completoRouthier, Guillaume. "Étude et simulation des interactions entre particules dans un fluide magnétorhéologique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30099/30099.pdf.
Testo completoBecause of their great potential in mechanical design, magnetorheological fluids have been the subject of a lot of research during the last decade. Although they are already used in some semi-active dampers, their use in other promising technologies such as magnetorheological clutches remains not usual. The main reason for this lack of representation in clutch technologies is the relatively low shear stress transmission capability of these fluids. As a solution, some researchers proposed the application of a compressive stress on the fluid layer while maintaining a magnetic field. As a result, the shear stress transmission capability increases significantly. This effect has been called the Squeeze-Strengthen effect. This effect focuses on the significant interactions between the ferromagnetic particles present in the fluid. This master thesis proposes a global approach to study and model the interactions between particles in magnetorheological fluids. First, experiments are performed to study the Squeeze-Strengthen effect in the context of clutch technologies. The tests have shown that shear stress transmission capacity can be easily increased more than ten times the initial capacity without compression. Then, a numerical model based on the discrete elements method applied to the magnetorheological fluids is proposed. This simulation allows the determination of the state of forces on each particle considered in the model. Some qualitative observations of the particle structure can be made from this simulation. Finally, the bases of a mathematical model of continuum mechanics applied to the magnetorheological fluids are posed. In order to take the particle interactions into account, the assumption of a micro polar medium is made. An homogenization technique is proposed as a way to use the information obtained from the numerical simulations and the experimental investigations in order to obtain the rheologic behaviour laws.
Gaillardin, Marc. "Étude de la sensibilité des dispositifs nanoélectroniques ultimes à base de SOI face aux particules des environnements radiatifs terrestres et spatiaux". Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0091.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a study of the sensitivity of nanoelectronic devices based on Silicon On Insulator technology to ionizing rticles of terrestrial and space environments. The overall context of the study is described as weil as the main radiation¬luced effects in electronic devices. It is shown that total ionizing dose and transient radiation effects have to be restigated. Concerning the total ionizing dose effects, the physical mechanisms explaining the degradation of transistors ~ctrical characteristics are discussed as a function of device architecture and design. After that, the transient radiation response of single- and multiple-gate devices is investigated. Furthermore, mixed-mode simulations are used to show trends as a function of the integration level on the sensitivity to single-event effects. From our study, we propose some ways to optimize devices and to mitigate the radiation induced effects in future technologies
Adouobo, Tokou Bernard. "Simulations numériques des méthodes particulaires et particules-maillage sur machines parallèles". Le Havre, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEHA0011.
Testo completoJasiak, Rafal. "Ultrafast electron dynamics and decoherence in metallic nanostructures". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6040.
Testo completoThe ultrafast electron dynamics in thin metal films was studied numerically using both a semiclassical model (Vlasov-Poisson) and a fully quantum approach based on the Wigner equation. For large excitation energies, the quantum and classical dynamics are virtually identical, whereas they diverge below a certain threshold, roughly equal to the plasmon energy. This is a clear signature of a quantum-mechanical effect, which should be observable in standard pump-probe experiments on thin metal films. For longer timescales, the electron dynamics becomes dissipative, as the electrons exchange energy incoherently with the ion lattice. A classical relaxation time and a quantum decoherence time were shown to emerge naturally from the simulations. These time scales are in good agreement with phenomenological estimates based on the two-temperature model, and correctly reproduce the main features observed in experiments on small sodium clusters
Mac, Thi-Bich-Ngoc. "Modélisation des suspensions de particules actives : application à la motilité séminale". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2581/.
Testo completoIn this thesis wc study collective motions of self-propelled particles. This work consists of three parts. In the first part, we consider an lndividual-Based Model for self-rotating particles interacting through local alignment and investigate its macroscopic Iimit. We study the mean-field kinetic and hydrodynamic limits of this system within two different scalings. In the small angular velocity regime, the resulting model is a slight modification of the " Self-Organised Hydrodynamic " model which has been previously inltroduced by Degond and Motsch. In the large angular velocity Case, the macroscopic model obtained is more complex. A preliminary study of the linearized stability is proposed. In the second part, we study a macroscopic model for a system of self-propelled particles which interact with their neighbors via alignment and repulsion. We provide a numerical validation of the continuum model by comparison with the particle model. The existence of local solutions of this macroscopic model is also studied. The last part concerns experimental investigation of collective behavior of simple robots in a confined ring
Besse, Nicolas. "Etude mathématique et numérique de l'équation de Vlasov non linéaire sur des maillages non structurés de l'espace des phases". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13081.
Testo completoThis work is dedicated to the mathematical and numerical studies of the Vlasov equation on phase-space unstructured meshes. In the first part, new semi-Lagrangian methods are developed to solve the Vlasov equation on unstructured meshes of phase space. As the Vlasov equation describes multi-scale phenomena, we also propose original methods based on a wavelet multi-resolution analysis. The resulting algorithm leads to an adaptive mesh-refinement strategy. The new massively-parallel computers allow to use these methods with several phase-space dimensions. Particularly, these numerical schemes are applied to plasma physics and charged particle beams in the case of two-, three-, and four-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson systems. In the second part we prove the convergence and give error estimates for several numerical schemes applied to the Vlasov-Poisson system when strong and classical solutions are considered. First we show the convergence of a semi-Lagrangian scheme on an unstructured mesh of phase space, when the regularity hypotheses for the initial data are minimal. Then we demonstrate the convergence of classes of high-order semi-Lagrangian schemes in the framework of the regular classical solution. In order to reconstruct the distribution function, we consider symmetrical Lagrange polynomials, B-splines and wavelets bases. Finally we prove the convergence of a semi-Lagrangian scheme with propagation of gradients yielding a high-order and stable reconstruction of the solution
Amal, Youssef. "Analyse mathématique et numérique de modèles de germination et de croissance de particules minérales dans un contexte de simulation géochimique au contact de solutions aqueuses". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13126.
Testo completoMost geochemical models considering the interactions between rocks ans solutions include thermodynamic equilibrium relationships between solid phases and aqueous solutions, and address the kinetic problems by introducing rates of growth and dissolution, but usually they describe the step of nucleation only empirically. Such models assume that the particules begin to nucleate with a fixed size, once the saturation exceeds a critical value. Moreover, their growth or re-dissolution rate is usually assumed independent of their size, which does not allow describing some effects such as Ostwald ripening. A new model was proposed by Noguera and al. (2006) to correct this weakness. It is controlled by a system of highly non-linear integro-differentials equations which combines the effects of : homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation, growth and ripening of particles or their re-dissolution as a function of the evolution of the saturation of the concerned mineral phases in the aqueous solution. Due to the nucleation, the number of particles is numerically a function of time strictly increasing. Moreover, to predict the evolution of the system, it is necessary to know the status of each particle at any moment and to remember the history of its evolution. This is very costly in terms of data storage and data processing. The aim of this thesis was to develop an algorithm of numerical resolution that can perform a fast and accurate calculation in order to introduce it in the fluid-rock interactions simulation model, taking into account the germination and growth of pure mineral phases or phases whose composition may vary during their formation, like sollids solutions. The resulting software is called "Nanokin". This approach allows following the size evolution of each particle, as a function of time. It also describes the contribution of each particle to the entire population of particles (number of particles, number of moles)
Saba, Hafida Idrissi Azami. "Etude et réalisation d'un simulateur parallèle de la diffusion à l'échelle atomique : création et croissance de boucles de dislocation sous irradiation électronique". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30102.
Testo completoMarchant, Benjamin. "Étude des propriétés optiques des cristaux de glace composant les cirrus : influence de la variabilité verticale de la distribution granulométrique des cristaux sur les propriétés radiatives de ces nuages". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10159.
Testo completoClouds are a major source of uncertainties in current climate models. These uncertainties arise from the difficulty to establish parameterizations to integrate properly the radiative properties of clouds in climate models. To improve and optimize these parameterizations, it is necessary to collect a large amount of information on macrophysical and microphysical cloud properties. The determination of these properties is mainly based on the comparison of satellite measurements to simulations from radiative transfer models in cloudy atmosphere. In this study, we investigate the radiative properties of cirrus clouds which are composed of ice crystals with various shapes and sizes. Thus, a correct representation of cirrus radiative properties depends on a good understanding of the scattering and absoption properties of ice crystals encountered in this clouds. For this, we have developped several algorithms for the calculation of the single scattering and polarization properties of differents ice crystals model. In addition, the satellite cirrus retrieval algorithms is based on the common assumption that the radiative properties of a cirrus cloud may be represented by a homogeneous cloud model with a specific ice crystal shape and a single particle size distribution. However, in situ observations of cirrus clouds have shown that the shapes and sizes of ice crystals may vary substantially with height within the clouds. So, it is necessary to assess the sensibility of cirrus radiative properties to vertical heterogeneity of ice crystal habit and size distributions. In a second part of this study, we have developed a cirrus cloud models that can account for this vertical heterogeneity. The results suggests that it is critical to take into account cirrus vertical heterogeneity in order to correctly model their radiative properties. Additionally, the results provide guidance for the development of new approach to infer vertical size distribution in ice clouds
Papka, Paul. "Etude de la désexcitation par particules légères chargées du noyau 44Ti". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13239.
Testo completoLefèvre, Delphine. "Étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation de la filtration lors de l'écoulement d'une résine chargée de particules à travers un renfort fibreux dans les technologies LCM". Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10144.
Testo completoRochon, Jonathan. "Étude de la focalisation d’un faisceau ionique à la pression atmosphérique par des lentilles électrostatiques annulaires minces, dans une décharge couronne en configuration pointe-plan". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30312/30312.pdf.
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